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class="vector-menu-heading"> Dla wikipedystów </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-pierwsze-kroki" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki"><span>Pierwsze kroki</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal_wikipedyst%C3%B3w" title="O projekcie – co możesz zrobić, gdzie możesz znaleźć informacje"><span>Portal wikipedystów</span></a></li><li id="n-Noticeboard" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tablica_og%C5%82osze%C5%84"><span>Ogłoszenia</span></a></li><li id="n-Guidelines" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Zasady"><span>Zasady</span></a></li><li id="n-helppage-name" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Spis_tre%C5%9Bci"><span>Pomoc</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ostatnie_zmiany" title="Lista ostatnich zmian w Wikipedii. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-10_pierwszych_superstulatków" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#10_pierwszych_superstulatków"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>10 pierwszych superstulatków</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-10_pierwszych_superstulatków-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Superstulatek</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 32 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 języki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82" title="معمر فائق – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معمر فائق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstogodi%C5%A1njaci" title="Superstogodišnjaci – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Superstogodišnjaci" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercentenari" title="Supercentenari – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Supercentenari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercentenarian" title="Supercentenarian – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Supercentenarian" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%89%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Υπεραιωνόβιος – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υπεραιωνόβιος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercentenarian" title="Supercentenarian – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Supercentenarian" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercentenario" title="Supercentenario – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Supercentenario" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87" title="ابرصدساله – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ابرصدساله" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercentenaire" title="Supercentenaire – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Supercentenaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%88%ED%8D%BC%EC%84%BC%ED%8B%B0%EB%84%A4%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%B8" title="슈퍼센티네리언 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="슈퍼센티네리언" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercentenarian" title="Supercentenarian – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Supercentenarian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercentenario" title="Supercentenario – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Supercentenario" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercentenario" title="Supercentenario – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Supercentenario" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9C_110" title="גיל 110 – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גיל 110" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szupercenten%C3%A1rius" title="Szupercentenárius – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szupercentenárius" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supereeuweling" title="Supereeuweling – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Supereeuweling" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3" title="スーパーセンテナリアン – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スーパーセンテナリアン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superhundre%C3%A5ring" title="Superhundreåring – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Superhundreåring" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercenten%C3%A1rio" title="Supercentenário – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Supercentenário" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Супердолгожитель – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Супердолгожитель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superqindvje%C3%A7ar%C3%ABt" title="Superqindvjeçarët – albański" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Superqindvjeçarët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercentenarian" title="Supercentenarian – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Supercentenarian" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstoletnik" title="Superstoletnik – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Superstoletnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%9A%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Суперстогодишњаци – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Суперстогодишњаци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstogodi%C5%A1njaci" title="Superstogodišnjaci – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Superstogodišnjaci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superhundra%C3%A5ring" title="Superhundraåring – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Superhundraåring" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A4_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="அதீத நூற்றாண்டாளர் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அதீத நூற்றாண்டாளர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCper_as%C4%B1rl%C4%B1k" title="Süper asırlık – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Süper asırlık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Супердовгожитель – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Супердовгожитель" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سپر سنچیرین – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سپر سنچیرین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%B4%9A%E4%BA%BA%E7%91%9E" title="超級人瑞 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="超級人瑞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%B4%9A%E4%BA%BA%E7%91%9E" title="超級人瑞 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="超級人瑞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1200828#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Superstulatek" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dyskusja:Superstulatek" rel="discussion" title="Dyskusja o zawartości tej strony [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zmień wariant języka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">polski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Widok"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Superstulatek"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superstulatek&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superstulatek&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:GeertAdriaansBoomgaard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/GeertAdriaansBoomgaard.jpg/220px-GeertAdriaansBoomgaard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/GeertAdriaansBoomgaard.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="214" /></a><figcaption>Geert Adriaans Boomgard (1788-1899), pierwszy w historii człowiek, który osiągnął wiek 110 lat, a jego wiek nie budzi wątpliwości</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Margaret_Neve_110.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Margaret_Neve_110.jpg/220px-Margaret_Neve_110.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Margaret_Neve_110.jpg/330px-Margaret_Neve_110.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Margaret_Neve_110.jpg/440px-Margaret_Neve_110.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1336" data-file-height="1798" /></a><figcaption>Margaret Ann Neve (1792-1903), pierwsza superstuletnia kobieta, której wiek został udokumentowany</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ann_Pouder.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ann_Pouder.jpg/220px-Ann_Pouder.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ann_Pouder.jpg/330px-Ann_Pouder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Ann_Pouder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="486" /></a><figcaption>Ann Pouder (1807-1917), pierwsza znana amerykańska superstulatka</figcaption></figure> <table class="infobox noprint plainlinks" cellpadding="4" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:30px;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> </td> <td style="line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; flex:unset;"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Supercentenarians?uselang=pl"><strong>Zobacz multimedia</strong> związane z tematem: <em>Superstulatek</em></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Superstulatek</b> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_angielski" title="Język angielski">ang.</a> <em lang="en">supercentenarian</em>) – osoba, która osiągnęła wiek 110 lat lub więcej. Wiek ten osiąga ok. jeden na tysiąc <a href="/wiki/Stulatek" title="Stulatek">stulatków</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup>. Według <a href="/wiki/Gerontology_Research_Group" title="Gerontology Research Group">Gerontology Research Group</a> na całym świecie żyje około 300–450 takich osób, około 70 jest zweryfikowanych przez GRG (między innymi na podstawie <i><a href="/wiki/Ksi%C4%99ga_rekord%C3%B3w_Guinnessa" title="Księga rekordów Guinnessa">Księgi rekordów Guinnessa</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymologia">Etymologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superstulatek&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Etymologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superstulatek&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Etymologia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="need_ref" style="text-decoration: underline dotted grey;" title="Te informacje wymagają podania przypisów bibliograficznych od 2020-07">Pojęcie „supercentenarian” znane jest od co najmniej 1970, zapoczątkowali je wydawca Księgi Rekordów Guinnessa <a href="/wiki/Norris_McWhirter" title="Norris McWhirter">Norris McWhirter</a> oraz badacz długowieczności <a href="/w/index.php?title=A._Ross_Eckler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. Ross Eckler (strona nie istnieje)">A. Ross Eckler</a>.</span><sup class="noprint" title="Te informacje wymagają podania przypisów bibliograficznych od 2020-07">[<a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Przypisy" title="Pomoc:Przypisy">potrzebny przypis</a>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superstulatek&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superstulatek&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Historia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Choć skrajne przypadki długowieczności były znane od najdawniejszych czasów, pierwszym superstulatkiem zaakceptowanym przez Księgę rekordów Guinnessa był Holender <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Peters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Peters (strona nie istnieje)">Thomas Peters</a> (1745?–1857), który miał dożyć 111 lat i 354 dni. Wiek Petersa podlega jednak wątpliwości (dokumenty, które miały potwierdzać jego wiek, zaginęły). Francuski <a href="/wiki/Demografia" title="Demografia">demograf</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Marie_Robin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Marie Robin (strona nie istnieje)">Jean-Marie Robin</a> uważa, że inny Holender, <a href="/wiki/Geert_Adriaans_Boomgaard" title="Geert Adriaans Boomgaard">Geert Adriaans Boomgaard</a> (1788–1899), jako pierwszy przekroczył wiek 110 lat. W 1902 Brytyjka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Ann_Neve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret Ann Neve (strona nie istnieje)">Margaret Ann Neve</a> (1792–1903) została pierwszą superstuletnią kobietą<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>. Najdłużej żyjącym odnotowanym człowiekiem w historii była <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Calment" title="Jeanne Calment">Jeanne Calment</a> z Francji, która żyła ponad 122 lata<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="10_pierwszych_superstulatków"><span id="10_pierwszych_superstulatk.C3.B3w"></span>10 pierwszych superstulatków</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superstulatek&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: 10 pierwszych superstulatków" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superstulatek&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: 10 pierwszych superstulatków"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle" style="margin:0.2em 0 0.5em 1.6em"><span class="nomobile navigation-not-searchable"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/16px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/24px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/32px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span> </span><i>Z tym tematem związana jest kategoria: <a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Superstulatkowie" title="Kategoria:Superstulatkowie">Superstulatkowie</a>.</i></div> <p>Lista dziesięciu pierwszych uznanych za prawdziwe, przypadków osób, które przekroczyły 110 lat<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup>. </p> <p style="border:none;color:inherit;background:transparent;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver;color:inherit;background-color:#E9B06B;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">    </span> Wątpliwości co do osiągniętego wieku</p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Miejsce </th> <th>Imię i nazwisko </th> <th>Płeć </th> <th>Data urodzenia </th> <th>Data śmierci </th> <th>Wiek </th> <th>Kraj, uwagi </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="E9B06B"> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Peters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Peters (strona nie istnieje)">Thomas Peters</a> </td> <td align="center">M </td> <td><a href="/wiki/6_kwietnia" title="6 kwietnia">6 kwietnia</a> <a href="/wiki/1745" title="1745">1745</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/26_marca" title="26 marca">26 marca</a> <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a> </td> <td>111 lat 354 dni </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Holandia" title="Holandia"><img alt="Holandia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Holandia" title="Holandia">Holandia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Geert_Adriaans_Boomgaard" title="Geert Adriaans Boomgaard">Geert Adriaans Boomgaard</a> </td> <td align="center">M </td> <td><a href="/wiki/21_wrze%C5%9Bnia" title="21 września">21 września</a> <a href="/wiki/1788" title="1788">1788</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/3_lutego" title="3 lutego">3 lutego</a> <a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a> </td> <td>110 lat 135 dni </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Holandia" title="Holandia"><img alt="Holandia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Holandia" title="Holandia">Holandia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Ann_Neve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret Ann Neve (strona nie istnieje)">Margaret Ann Neve</a> </td> <td align="center">K </td> <td><a href="/wiki/18_maja" title="18 maja">18 maja</a> <a href="/wiki/1792" title="1792">1792</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/4_kwietnia" title="4 kwietnia">4 kwietnia</a> <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a> </td> <td>110 lat 321 dni </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey"><img alt="Guernsey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_Pouder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ann Pouder (strona nie istnieje)">Ann Pouder</a> </td> <td align="center">K </td> <td><a href="/wiki/8_kwietnia" title="8 kwietnia">8 kwietnia</a> <a href="/wiki/1807" title="1807">1807</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/10_lipca" title="10 lipca">10 lipca</a> <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a> </td> <td>110 lat 93 dni </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone"><img alt="Stany Zjednoczone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone">Stany Zjednoczone</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>Louisa Thiers </td> <td align="center">K </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2_pa%C5%BAdziernika" title="2 października">2 października</a> <a href="/wiki/1814" title="1814">1814</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/17_lutego" title="17 lutego">17 lutego</a> <a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a> </td> <td>111 lat 138 dni </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone"><img alt="Stany Zjednoczone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone">Stany Zjednoczone</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>Miriam Bannister </td> <td align="center">K </td> <td><a href="/wiki/19_marca" title="19 marca">19 marca</a> <a href="/wiki/1817" title="1817">1817</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/9_kwietnia" title="9 kwietnia">9 kwietnia</a> <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a> </td> <td>111 lat 21 dni </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone"><img alt="Stany Zjednoczone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone">Stany Zjednoczone</a>, imigrantka z <a href="/wiki/Wielka_Brytania" title="Wielka Brytania">Wielkiej Brytanii</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td>Dimitrije Filipović </td> <td align="center">M </td> <td><a href="/wiki/9_marca" title="9 marca">9 marca</a> <a href="/wiki/1818" title="1818">1818</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sierpie%C5%84" title="Sierpień">sierpień</a> <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a> </td> <td>110 lat 150+ dni </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%B3lestwo_Serb%C3%B3w,_Chorwat%C3%B3w_i_S%C5%82owe%C5%84c%C3%B3w" title="Królestwo Serbów, Chorwatów i Słoweńców">Królestwo SHS</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td>Delina Filkins </td> <td align="center">K </td> <td><a href="/wiki/4_maja" title="4 maja">4 maja</a> <a href="/wiki/1815" title="1815">1815</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/4_grudnia" title="4 grudnia">4 grudnia</a> <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a> </td> <td>113 lat 214 dni </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone"><img alt="Stany Zjednoczone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone">Stany Zjednoczone</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Plunket" title="Katherine Plunket">Katherine Plunket</a> </td> <td align="center">K </td> <td><a href="/wiki/22_listopada" title="22 listopada">22 listopada</a> <a href="/wiki/1820" title="1820">1820</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/14_pa%C5%BAdziernika" title="14 października">14 października</a> <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a> </td> <td>111 lat 327 dni </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Irlandia" title="Irlandia"><img alt="Irlandia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Irlandia" title="Irlandia">Irlandia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td>Betsy Baker </td> <td align="center">K </td> <td><a href="/wiki/20_sierpnia" title="20 sierpnia">20 sierpnia</a> <a href="/wiki/1842" title="1842">1842</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/24_pa%C5%BAdziernika" title="24 października">24 października</a> <a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a> </td> <td>113 lat 65 dni </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone"><img alt="Stany Zjednoczone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone">Stany Zjednoczone</a>, imigrantka z <a href="/wiki/Wielka_Brytania" title="Wielka Brytania">Wielkiej Brytanii</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superstulatek&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superstulatek&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.pl/kobieta/artykuly/psychologia/dlaczego-kobiety-zyja-dluzej,46887,1">Dlaczego kobiety żyją dłużej?</a>. newsweek.pl. [dostęp 2011-06-17].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150620030419/http://www.charaktery.eu/ksiazki/4/Czas-naszego-%C5%BCycia-Co-wiemy-o-starzeniu-sie-czlowieka/fragment/5/Rekordy-dlugowiecznosci/">Czas naszego życia. Co wiemy o starzeniu się człowieka</a>. charaktery.eu. [dostęp 2011-06-17]. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.charaktery.eu/ksiazki/4/Czas-naszego-%C5%BCycia-Co-wiemy-o-starzeniu-sie-czlowieka/fragment/5/Rekordy-dlugowiecznosci/">tego adresu</a> (2015-06-20)].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grg.org/SC/WorldSCRankingsList.html">Validated Living Supercentenarians</a>. grg.org. [dostęp 2011-06-17].</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.grg.org/Adams/A.HTM}">http://www.grg.org/Adams/A.HTM}</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mateusz Kudła, <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.is/2xLL">Superstulatkowie</a>. <a href="/wiki/Onet.pl" title="Onet.pl">onet.pl</a>. [dostęp 2012-10-22]. <span class="lang-list tylko-pl">(<abbr title="Treść w języku polskim">pol.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160712044827/http://www.grg.org/Adams/A.HTM"><i>Table A, as of January 1, 2015</i></a> [online], www.grg.org<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2017-11-26]</span> [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grg.org/Adams/A.HTM">adresu</a> 2016-07-12]<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Table+A%2C+as+of+January+1%2C+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grg.org%2FAdams%2FA.HTM" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" 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.opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background-color:#3a3c3e}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:D%C5%82ugowieczno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Szablon:Długowieczność"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:D%C5%82ugowieczno%C5%9B%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Długowieczność (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:D%C5%82ugowieczno%C5%9B%C4%87&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption"><a href="/wiki/D%C5%82ugowieczno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Długowieczność">Długowieczność</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Terminologia</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stulatek" title="Stulatek">stulatek</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">superstulatek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oczekiwana_dalsza_d%C5%82ugo%C5%9B%C4%87_trwania_%C5%BCycia" title="Oczekiwana dalsza długość trwania życia">oczekiwana dalsza długość trwania życia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nie%C5%9Bmiertelno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Nieśmiertelność">nieśmiertelność</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Rekordy</th><td class="navbox-list spis"><table class="inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a2_1"><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Najstarsi_ludzie" title="Najstarsi ludzie">najstarsi ludzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C5%BCyj%C4%85cych_superstulatk%C3%B3w" title="Lista żyjących superstulatków">lista żyjących superstulatków</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2_2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Listy najstarszych</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lista_najstarszych_ludzi_w_historii" title="Lista najstarszych ludzi w historii">ludzi w historii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_najstarszych_m%C4%99%C5%BCczyzn_w_historii" title="Lista najstarszych mężczyzn w historii">mężczyzn w historii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_najstarszych_m%C4%99%C5%BCczyzn_w_Europie" title="Lista najstarszych mężczyzn w Europie">mężczyzn w Europie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_najstarszych_ludzi_we_Francji" title="Lista najstarszych ludzi we Francji">ludzi we Francji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_najstarszych_ludzi_w_Japonii" title="Lista najstarszych ludzi w Japonii">ludzi w Japonii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_najstarszych_ludzi_w_Niemczech" title="Lista najstarszych ludzi w Niemczech">ludzi w Niemczech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_najstarszych_ludzi_w_Polsce" title="Lista najstarszych ludzi w Polsce">ludzi w Polsce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_najstarszych_ludzi_w_Stanach_Zjednoczonych" title="Lista najstarszych ludzi w Stanach Zjednoczonych">ludzi w Stanach Zjednoczonych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_najstarszych_ludzi_w_Wielkiej_Brytanii" title="Lista najstarszych ludzi w Wielkiej Brytanii">ludzi w Wielkiej Brytanii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_najstarszych_ludzi_we_W%C5%82oszech" title="Lista najstarszych ludzi we Włoszech">ludzi we Włoszech</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr class="a3"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Zobacz też</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerontologia" title="Gerontologia">gerontologia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proces_starzenia_si%C4%99" title="Proces starzenia się">proces starzenia się</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staro%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Starość">starość</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superstulatek&oldid=75133263">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superstulatek&oldid=75133263</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Superstulatkowie" title="Kategoria:Superstulatkowie">Superstulatkowie</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Ukryta kategoria: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Artyku%C5%82y_z_brakuj%C4%85cymi_przypisami_od_2020-07" title="Kategoria:Artykuły z brakującymi przypisami od 2020-07">Artykuły z brakującymi przypisami od 2020-07</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 4 lis 2024, 13:29.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. 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