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Johnston</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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Johnston – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Olin D. Johnston" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olin_D._Johnston" title="Olin D. Johnston – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Olin D. Johnston" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C._%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="اولین دی. جانستون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اولین دی. جانستون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olin_D._Johnston" title="Olin D. Johnston – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Olin D. Johnston" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%89._%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="اولين دى. جونستون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اولين دى. جونستون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3" title="オーリン・ジョンストン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オーリン・ジョンストン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olin_D._Johnston" title="Olin D. Johnston – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Olin D. Johnston" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olin_D._Johnston" title="Olin D. Johnston – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Olin D. 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (1896–1965)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Olin D. Johnston</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Olin_D._Johnston,_seated_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Olin_D._Johnston%2C_seated_portrait.jpg/220px-Olin_D._Johnston%2C_seated_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Olin_D._Johnston%2C_seated_portrait.jpg/330px-Olin_D._Johnston%2C_seated_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Olin_D._Johnston%2C_seated_portrait.jpg/440px-Olin_D._Johnston%2C_seated_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1522" data-file-height="1893" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1945 – April 18, 1965</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wilton_E._Hall" title="Wilton E. Hall">Wilton E. Hall</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Donald_S._Russell" title="Donald S. Russell">Donald S. Russell</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">98th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Carolina" title="Governor of South Carolina">Governor of South Carolina</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 19, 1943 – January 2, 1945</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lieutenant</th><td class="infobox-data">Ransome J. Williams</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Manning_Jefferies" title="Richard Manning Jefferies">Richard M. Jefferies</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ransome_Judson_Williams" title="Ransome Judson Williams">Ransome J. Williams</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 15, 1935 – January 17, 1939</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lieutenant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Emile_Harley" title="Joseph Emile Harley">Joseph E. Harley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ibra_Charles_Blackwood" title="Ibra Charles Blackwood">Ibra C. Blackwood</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Burnet_R._Maybank" title="Burnet R. Maybank">Burnet R. Maybank</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <br /><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_House_of_Representatives" title="South Carolina House of Representatives">South Carolina House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Spartanburg_County,_South_Carolina" title="Spartanburg County, South Carolina">Spartanburg County</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 11, 1927 – January 13, 1931</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <br /><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_House_of_Representatives" title="South Carolina House of Representatives">South Carolina House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Anderson_County,_South_Carolina" title="Anderson County, South Carolina">Anderson County</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 9, 1923 – January 13, 1925</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Olin DeWitt Talmadge Johnston</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1896-11-18</span>)</span>November 18, 1896<br />Near <a href="/wiki/Honea_Path,_South_Carolina" title="Honea Path, South Carolina">Honea Path, South Carolina</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">April 18, 1965<span style="display:none">(1965-04-18)</span> (aged 68)<br /><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia, South Carolina</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/U.S._Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Democratic Party">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Gladys Atkinson</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1924)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3, including <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Johnston_Patterson" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Johnston Patterson">Elizabeth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wofford_College" title="Wofford College">Wofford College</a> (BA)<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina" title="University of South Carolina">University of South Carolina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">M.A.</a>, <a href="/wiki/LL.B." class="mw-redirect" title="LL.B.">LL.B.</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">Lawyer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Denying clemency to <a href="/wiki/Wrongful_execution" title="Wrongful execution">wrongful execution</a> victim <a href="/wiki/George_Stinney" title="George Stinney">George Stinney</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States of America</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Army National Guard">United States Army National Guard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1917 – 1919</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergeant (United States)">Sergeant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data">117th Engineer Unit</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Olin DeWitt Talmadge Johnston</b> (November 9, 1896 – April 18, 1965) was an American politician from the US state of <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>. He served as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_South_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of South Carolina">98th governor of South Carolina</a>, from 1935 to 1939 and again from 1943 to 1945. He represented the state in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> from 1945 until his death from pneumonia in <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina" title="Columbia, South Carolina">Columbia, South Carolina</a> in 1965. He has become infamously remembered for denying <a href="/wiki/Clemency" class="mw-redirect" title="Clemency">clemency</a> to <a href="/wiki/George_Stinney" title="George Stinney">George Stinney</a>, a 14 year-old African American boy who was <a href="/wiki/Wrongful_execution" title="Wrongful execution">wrongfully</a> sentenced to death in 1944 after a trial that lasted for one single day, a conviction overturned 70 years later. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olin_D._Johnston&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Johnston was born near <a href="/wiki/Honea_Path,_South_Carolina" title="Honea Path, South Carolina">Honea Path, South Carolina</a><sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Anderson_County,_South_Carolina" title="Anderson County, South Carolina">Anderson County</a>. His family maintained a farm and worked in the Chiquola Manufacturing Company's <a href="/wiki/Textile_mill" class="mw-redirect" title="Textile mill">textile mill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnston's youth was divided between schooling, work on the farm, and work in the mill.<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He could attend school only while the family was on the farm, usually in the summer.<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnston eventually enrolled in the Textile Industrial Institute, now <a href="/wiki/Spartanburg_Methodist_College" title="Spartanburg Methodist College">Spartanburg Methodist College</a>, in Spartanburg and here Johnston earned his high school diploma in thirteen months, graduating in 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He entered <a href="/wiki/Wofford_College" title="Wofford College">Wofford College</a> in the fall of 1915, where he worked his way through school by holding a variety of jobs,<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but his studies were interrupted by service in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> during World War I.<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_involvement">Military involvement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olin_D._Johnston&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military involvement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Johnston enlisted in the Army National Guard in 1917 and served with the 117th Engineer unit, which was attached to the <a href="/wiki/42nd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="42nd Infantry Division (United States)">42nd Division</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Rainbow Division,<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in France. He served eighteen months overseas and attained the rank of sergeant.<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following his discharge in June 1919,<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he returned to Wofford where he received his bachelor's degree in 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the fall of 1921, Johnston entered the <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina" title="University of South Carolina">University of South Carolina</a> where he earned both an M.A. in Political Science in 1923 and an LL.B. in 1924.<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year established the law firm of Faucette and Johnston in Spartanburg, and in December, married Gladys Atkinson of Spartanburg.<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She would serve throughout his career as his most trusted counselor.<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olin_D._Johnston&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olin_D._Johnston_(SC).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Olin_D._Johnston_%28SC%29.jpg/140px-Olin_D._Johnston_%28SC%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Olin_D._Johnston_%28SC%29.jpg/210px-Olin_D._Johnston_%28SC%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Olin_D._Johnston_%28SC%29.jpg/280px-Olin_D._Johnston_%28SC%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="817" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Johnston as governor.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1922, while still attending college,<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnston was elected to the <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_House_of_Representatives" title="South Carolina House of Representatives">South Carolina House of Representatives</a> as a <a href="/wiki/U.S._Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Democratic Party">Democrat</a> and represented <a href="/wiki/Anderson_County,_South_Carolina" title="Anderson County, South Carolina">Anderson</a> County for one term before he stepped down in 1924 to run his law practice.<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was elected to the same body in 1927 as a representative from <a href="/wiki/Spartanburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartanburg">Spartanburg</a> County and served for two terms.<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnston proved a capable and popular campaigner.<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a young legislator, Johnston was an advocate of the state's <a href="/wiki/Textile_mill" class="mw-redirect" title="Textile mill">textile mill</a> workers, and his major accomplishment was shepherding a law that required mill owners to install sewers in mill villages. </p><p>Johnston made his first campaign for governor in 1930, and led the slate of candidates in the primary, but lost by around 1,000 votes in the runoff election. Undeterred by the loss, he ran again and was elected <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Carolina" title="Governor of South Carolina">Governor of South Carolina</a> in 1934, serving for one term. In his inaugural address of 1935, Johnston stated--"This occasion marks the end of what is commonly known as 'ring rule' in South Carolina."<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among his achievements as governor were the repeal of the state's personal property tax;<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the initiation in South Carolina of the country's first <a href="/wiki/Rural_Electrification_Act" title="Rural Electrification Act">rural electrification</a> program,<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a pilot program personally authorized by <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President Roosevelt</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the $3.00 license plate;<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the establishment of the Industrial Commission, Labor Department, Planning and Development Board, and Ports Authority.<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On taking office, Johnston proposed a series of bills to aid the state's textile workers. An ardent <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Dealer</a>, he managed to push his legislative program through the state house of representatives only to meet defeat in the <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Lowcountry" title="South Carolina Lowcountry">Lowcountry</a>-dominated state senate. In what has become the most famous fight between a governor and legislature in South Carolina history, Johnston tried to dismiss a number of members of the powerful State Highway Commission. After the commissioners refused to leave their posts, Johnston mobilized the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Guard">National Guard</a> to occupy the <a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun_State_Office_Building" title="John C. Calhoun State Office Building">offices of the Highway Department</a>. Ultimately, he lost his battle with the Highway Commission, and severely wounded his already poor relationship with the legislature. Johnston lost his power to name highway commissioners, a power that the governor's office has never regained. </p><p>In 1935, Johnston passed the Alcoholic Beverage Control Law to regulate the sale of alcohol in the state following the end of national prohibition.<sup id="cite_ref-hhohouqovz_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hhohouqovz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1937, he signed the South Carolina Public Welfare Act into law<sup id="cite_ref-hhohouqovz_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hhohouqovz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and established a state system for social security,<sup id="cite_ref-uooooqonnvzb_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uooooqonnvzb-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> worker's compensation<sup id="cite_ref-uooooqonnvzb_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uooooqonnvzb-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and unemployment compensation.<sup id="cite_ref-uooooqonnvzb_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uooooqonnvzb-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Where previous governors used the National Guard and martial law to crush strikes,<sup id="cite_ref-uooooqonnvzb_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uooooqonnvzb-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnston used both to protect strikers and seal off mill precincts from strikebreakers.<sup id="cite_ref-uooooqonnvzb_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uooooqonnvzb-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He often forced management to accept him as mediator and occasionally found state jobs for strikers whom mills refused to rehire.<sup id="cite_ref-uooooqonnvzb_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uooooqonnvzb-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unable to run for re-election in 1938, Johnston challenged <a href="/wiki/Ellison_D._Smith" title="Ellison D. Smith">"Cotton Ed" Smith</a> for his seat in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>. The race brought national interest, as Smith had developed into an opponent of the New Deal and Johnston was a strong supporter. Smith was one of the senators whom <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> attempted to purge. Ultimately, Johnston lost the race to Smith. However, it was widely accepted that Smith was highly unpopular in South Carolina<sup id="cite_ref-smitolin_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smitolin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cottime_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cottime-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that Johnston would have won the primary if Roosevelt had not intervened on his behalf<sup id="cite_ref-smitolin_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smitolin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cottime_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cottime-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or if he had focused on either pleasing the state's influential <a href="/wiki/Textile_mill" class="mw-redirect" title="Textile mill">textile mill</a> owners<sup id="cite_ref-smitolin_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smitolin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or preserving racial segregation.<sup id="cite_ref-smitolin_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smitolin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though Johnston did not defend rights for African Americans,<sup id="cite_ref-npoqv205i9_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npoqv205i9-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he would largely ignore the issue of preserving racial segregation,<sup id="cite_ref-smitolin_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smitolin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-npoqv205i_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npoqv205i-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> believing that improving the <a href="/wiki/Welfare_economics" title="Welfare economics">public welfare</a> was more important.<sup id="cite_ref-npoqv205i_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npoqv205i-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, Smith had opposed Roosevelt's labor reform and for years campaigned on a two-plank platform to "keep the Negro down and the price of cotton up,"<sup id="cite_ref-cottime_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cottime-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had recently demonstrated that he intended to maintain his fight to preserve racial segregation after he had walked out of the <a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1936 Democratic National Convention">1936 Democratic National Convention</a> when he heard that a black minister was going to deliver the <a href="/wiki/Invocation" title="Invocation">invocation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hhohouqovz_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hhohouqovz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cottime_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cottime-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following Roosevelt's re-election, Johnston drew more ire from the state's local businessmen when he showed his support for the President's new push for labor reform and outspokenly supported the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-ioqvavbbnm_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioqvavbbnm-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-npoqpppv2011_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npoqpppv2011-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> South Carolina US Senator <a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">James F. Byrnes</a>, though also an ardent New Dealer, opposed this new push, claiming it would make the state's <a href="/wiki/Textile_mill" class="mw-redirect" title="Textile mill">textile mills</a> uncompetitive.<sup id="cite_ref-ioqvavbbnm_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioqvavbbnm-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-npoqpppv2011_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npoqpppv2011-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of Johnston's support for new labor reform, Byrnes—a highly popular and influential figure in the state who won re-election in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Carolina,_1936" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in South Carolina, 1936">1936 Democratic primary</a> with over 87% of the vote--<sup id="cite_ref-POLITICAL_NOTES:_Southern_Send-Off_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POLITICAL_NOTES:_Southern_Send-Off-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> declined to endorse Johnston and instead supported the re-election of Smith.<sup id="cite_ref-npoqpppv2011_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npoqpppv2011-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following his loss in 1938, Johnston then ran for the Senate in a 1941 special election to replace Byrnes, who had just been appointed to the Supreme Court, but lost to South Carolina Governor <a href="/wiki/Burnet_R._Maybank" title="Burnet R. Maybank">Burnet R. Maybank</a>. </p><p>Johnston was elected Governor of South Carolina again in 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He won a narrow victory in the <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_gubernatorial_election,_1942" class="mw-redirect" title="South Carolina gubernatorial election, 1942">Democratic primary</a>, and ran unopposed in the general election. However, he still desired a Senate seat.<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The outbreak of World War II meant that labor issues would not be as prominent in Johnston's second term. During that second term, he focused more on preserving racial segregation and signed laws which attempted to circumvent the <i><a href="/wiki/Smith_v._Allwright" title="Smith v. Allwright">Smith v. Allwright</a></i> decision, which declared racially segregated primaries to be unconstitutional, by allowing political parties in the state to operate as private organizations separate from state control and therefore beyond the reach of the U.S. Supreme Court.<sup id="cite_ref-hhohouqovz_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hhohouqovz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served until his resignation on January 3, 1945, the same day he was sworn into the U.S. Senate seat that he had been seeking for several years.<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johnston had finally been elected to the Senate in 1944, defeating "Cotton Ed" Smith in a rematch of their 1938 race. He was subsequently re-elected three times and served in the Senate until his death in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnston served on the committees on <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Agriculture,_Nutrition_and_Forestry" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry">Agriculture and Forestry</a>, District of Columbia, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary">Judiciary</a>, and Post Office and Civil Service.<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became chairman of the Post Office and Civil Service Committee in 1950 and gained the nickname "Mr. Civil Service" for his leadership on that committee and dedication to the needs and interests of postal and other federal employees.<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also joined with fellow Southerners as part of the conservative Southern Democratic coalition. </p><p>Johnston was not as conservative as most other senators from the <a href="/wiki/Deep_South" title="Deep South">Deep South</a>, retaining a <a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">populist</a> position on many economic issues. In the Senate, Johnston was a staunch advocate of public power,<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> parity programs for farmers,<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a broad strong social security program,<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the provision of lunches to needy school children.<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also generally opposed foreign aid, viewing it as support of foreign interests at the expense of American industry and consumers.<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike most Southern Democrats, Johnston opposed the anti-union <a href="/wiki/Taft-Hartley" class="mw-redirect" title="Taft-Hartley">Taft-Hartley</a> labor law in 1947 and he voted for both the <a href="/wiki/War_on_Poverty" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Poverty">War on Poverty</a> in 1964 and for <a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a> shortly before his death in 1965. However, like virtually all other politicians from the Deep South during this period, Johnston was regionally orthodox on the "race question", opposing all <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a> legislation and signing the 1956 <a href="/wiki/Southern_Manifesto" title="Southern Manifesto">Southern Manifesto</a> that opposed the desegregation of public schools ordered by the Supreme Court in <i><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. Board of Education</a></i>. </p><p>While not a prominent figure nationally, Johnston was very well entrenched in his home state. He may be the only senator to have defeated two future senators. He retained his seat despite challenges from <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a> in the Democratic primary in 1950 and <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hollings" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Hollings">Ernest Hollings</a> in the 1962 primary. He then turned aside the first <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> challenger, journalist <a href="/w/index.php?title=W._D._Workman,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W. D. Workman, Jr. (page does not exist)">W. D. Workman, Jr.</a> In each of these races Johnston was the more liberal candidate. Hollings, who was governor in 1962, attacked Johnston as "the tool of the Northern labor bosses", but Johnston defeated Hollings by a 2–1 margin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Execution_of_George_Stinney">Execution of George Stinney</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olin_D._Johnston&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Execution of George Stinney"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Johnston denied clemency to <a href="/wiki/George_Stinney" title="George Stinney">George Stinney</a>, a 14 year-old African American boy who was sentenced to execution by the electric chair in 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-jones_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jones-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stinney had been wrongfully convicted for the murder of two girls aged 7 and 11 in his hometown of <a href="/wiki/Alcolu,_South_Carolina" title="Alcolu, South Carolina">Alcolu, South Carolina</a>. Johnston wrote in a response to one appeal for clemency that </p> <blockquote><p>It may be interesting for you to know that Stinney killed the smaller girl to rape the larger one. Then he killed the larger girl and raped her dead body. Twenty minutes later he returned and attempted to rape her again, but her body was too cold. All of this he admitted himself.</p></blockquote> <p>It is reported that these statements were merely rumors, and were contradicted at the time by the medical examination report on the girl's body.<sup id="cite_ref-mcveigh_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcveigh-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, 70 years after the execution, Stinney's conviction was posthumously overturned. His case is remembered in the modern day as a <a href="/wiki/Wrongful_execution" title="Wrongful execution">wrongful execution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miscarriage_of_justice" title="Miscarriage of justice">miscarriage of justice</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olin_D._Johnston&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Johnston died on April 18, 1965, following a long battle with cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In eulogizing Johnston, his longtime associate, Senator <a href="/wiki/George_Aiken" title="George Aiken">George Aiken</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>, noted – "During his entire career in the Senate, he worked for those who needed his help most and whom it would have been easy to ignore and neglect." At the dedication of the Johnston Room at the South Caroliniana Library, Governor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Evander_McNair" title="Robert Evander McNair">Robert McNair</a> described Johnston as "a working man, and those who made his public life possible were working people....He was a man of conviction who arrived at a time when hard decisions had to be made."<sup id="cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uoqvzm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnston was interred in a cemetery at Barkers Creek Baptist Church, where he attended Sunday services during his boyhood years,<sup id="cite_ref-uonoav_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uonoav-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> near <a href="/wiki/Honea_Path,_South_Carolina" title="Honea Path, South Carolina">Honea Path, South Carolina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-uonoav_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uonoav-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johnston's daughter, <a href="/wiki/Liz_J._Patterson" title="Liz J. Patterson">Elizabeth Johnston Patterson</a>, served in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> from <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="South Carolina's 4th congressional district">South Carolina's 4th congressional district</a> from 1987 to 1993. In the <a href="/wiki/1986_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1986 United States House of Representatives elections">1986 general election</a> she defeated <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Workman" title="Bill Workman">Bill Workman</a> of <a href="/wiki/Greenville,_South_Carolina" title="Greenville, South Carolina">Greenville</a>, the son of the man whom her father had defeated in his last race for the U.S. Senate in 1962. Patterson was the unsuccessful 1994 Democratic nominee for <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_South_Carolina" title="Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina">lieutenant governor</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olin_D._Johnston&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_who_died_in_office_(1950%E2%80%9399)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Congress members who died in office (1950–99)">List of United States Congress members who died in office (1950–99)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olin_D._Johnston&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output 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href="#cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-35"><sup><i><b>aj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-36"><sup><i><b>ak</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uoqvzm_1-37"><sup><i><b>al</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.sc.edu/scpc/Johnston.pdf">"Olin DeWitt Talmadge Johnston"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. October 17, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Olin+DeWitt+Talmadge+Johnston&rft.date=2011-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.sc.edu%2Fscpc%2FJohnston.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlin+D.+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hhohouqovz-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hhohouqovz_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hhohouqovz_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hhohouqovz_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hhohouqovz_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciway.net/hist/governors/johnston.html">"South Carolina SC - Olin Dewitt Talmadge Johnston - 1935-1939, 1943-1945"</a>. sciway.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+Carolina+SC+-+Olin+Dewitt+Talmadge+Johnston+-+1935-1939%2C+1943-1945&rft.pub=sciway.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciway.net%2Fhist%2Fgovernors%2Fjohnston.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlin+D.+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uooooqonnvzb-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uooooqonnvzb_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uooooqonnvzb_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uooooqonnvzb_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uooooqonnvzb_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uooooqonnvzb_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uooooqonnvzb_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=9437">"Olin D. Johnston Memorial Boulevard Marker"</a>. hmdb.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Olin+D.+Johnston+Memorial+Boulevard+Marker&rft.pub=hmdb.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hmdb.org%2Fmarker.asp%3Fmarker%3D9437&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlin+D.+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smitolin-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-smitolin_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smitolin_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smitolin_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smitolin_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smitolin_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19380831&id=LwgvAAAAIBAJ&pg=1892,2701954">"The Pittsburgh Press - Google News Archive Search"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Pittsburgh+Press+-+Google+News+Archive+Search&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1144%26dat%3D19380831%26id%3DLwgvAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1892%2C2701954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlin+D.+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cottime-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cottime_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cottime_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cottime_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cottime_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121023005717/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,886159-1,00.html">"Curtains for Cotton Ed"</a>. Time. August 7, 1944. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,886159-1,00.html">the original</a> on October 23, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Curtains+for+Cotton+Ed&rft.date=1944-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C886159-1%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlin+D.+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-npoqv205i9-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-npoqv205i9_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bryant Simon, A fabric of defeat: the politics of South Carolina millhands, 1910–1948, p. 205</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-npoqv205i-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-npoqv205i_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-npoqv205i_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bryant Simon, A fabric of defeat: the politics of South Carolina millhands, 1910–1948, p. 205-206</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ioqvavbbnm-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ioqvavbbnm_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ioqvavbbnm_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStorrs,_L.R.Y.2000" class="citation book cs1">Storrs, L.R.Y. (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/civilizingcapita0000stor"><i>Civilizing Capitalism: The National Consumers' League, Women's Activism, and Labor Standards in the New Deal Era</i></a></span>. University of North Carolina Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/civilizingcapita0000stor/page/158">158</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780807848388" title="Special:BookSources/9780807848388"><bdi>9780807848388</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civilizing+Capitalism%3A+The+National+Consumers%27+League%2C+Women%27s+Activism%2C+and+Labor+Standards+in+the+New+Deal+Era&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780807848388&rft.au=Storrs%2C+L.R.Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcivilizingcapita0000stor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlin+D.+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-npoqpppv2011-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-npoqpppv2011_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-npoqpppv2011_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-npoqpppv2011_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bryant Simon, A fabric of defeat: the politics of South Carolina millhands, 1910–1948, p. 212</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-POLITICAL_NOTES:_Southern_Send-Off-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-POLITICAL_NOTES:_Southern_Send-Off_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081215085738/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,847800,00.html">"POLITICAL NOTES: Southern Send-Off"</a>. <i>Time</i>. 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"Chapter Five: <i>Too Young to Die: The Execution of George Stinney Jr.</i> (1944)". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/southcarolinakil00jone"><i>South Carolina Killers: Crimes of Passion</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/The_History_Press" title="The History Press">The History Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/southcarolinakil00jone/page/38">38</a>–42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59629-395-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59629-395-3"><bdi>978-1-59629-395-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 24,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+Five%3A+Too+Young+to+Die%3A+The+Execution+of+George+Stinney+Jr.+%281944%29&rft.btitle=South+Carolina+Killers%3A+Crimes+of+Passion&rft.pages=38-42&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-59629-395-3&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Mark+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsouthcarolinakil00jone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlin+D.+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mcveigh-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mcveigh_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcVeigh2014" class="citation news cs1">McVeigh, Karen (March 22, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2014/mar/22/george-stinney-execution-verdict-innocent">"George Stinney was executed at 14. Can his family now clear his name?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160319042807/http://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2014/mar/22/george-stinney-execution-verdict-innocent">Archived</a> from the original on March 19, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=George+Stinney+was+executed+at+14.+Can+his+family+now+clear+his+name%3F&rft.date=2014-03-22&rft.aulast=McVeigh&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftheobserver%2F2014%2Fmar%2F22%2Fgeorge-stinney-execution-verdict-innocent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlin+D.+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uonoav-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uonoav_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uonoav_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?MarkerID=9335">"Barkers Creek Baptist Church Marker"</a>. hmdb.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barkers+Creek+Baptist+Church+Marker&rft.pub=hmdb.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hmdb.org%2Fmarker.asp%3FMarkerID%3D9335&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlin+D.+Johnston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olin_D._Johnston&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/20206">Olin D. Johnston</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sc.edu/about/offices_and_divisions/university_libraries/browse/sc_political_collections/collections/johnston_olin_dewitt_talmadge_1896-1965.php">Olin DeWitt Talmade Johnston Papers</a> at South Carolina Political Collections at the University of South Carolina</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ibra_Charles_Blackwood" title="Ibra Charles Blackwood">Ibra Charles Blackwood</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Carolina" title="Governor of South Carolina">Governor of South Carolina</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1934_South_Carolina_gubernatorial_election" title="1934 South Carolina gubernatorial election">1934</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Burnet R. Maybank</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Burnet_R._Maybank" title="Burnet R. Maybank">Burnet R. Maybank</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Carolina" title="Governor of South Carolina">Governor of South Carolina</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1942_South_Carolina_gubernatorial_election" title="1942 South Carolina gubernatorial election">1942</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ellison_D._Smith" title="Ellison D. Smith">Ellison D. Smith</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_South_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from South Carolina">Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="Classes of United States Senators">Class 3</a>) </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Carolina" title="1944 United States Senate election in South Carolina">1944</a>, <a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Carolina" title="1950 United States Senate election in South Carolina">1950</a>, <a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Carolina" title="1956 United States Senate election in South Carolina">1956</a>, <a href="/wiki/1962_United_States_Senate_election_in_South_Carolina" title="1962 United States Senate election in South Carolina">1962</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Hollings" title="Fritz Hollings">Fritz Hollings</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wilton_E._Hall" title="Wilton E. Hall">Wilton E. Hall</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina"> U.S. senator (Class 3) from South Carolina</a> </b><br />January 3, 1945 – April 18, 1965 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Burnet_R._Maybank" title="Burnet R. Maybank">Burnet R. Maybank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ezra_Daniel" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Ezra Daniel">Charles Ezra Daniel</a>, Strom Thurmond, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Wofford" title="Thomas A. Wofford">Thomas A. Wofford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Donald_S._Russell" title="Donald S. Russell">Donald S. Russell</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ibra_Charles_Blackwood" title="Ibra Charles Blackwood">Ibra Charles Blackwood</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Carolina" title="Governor of South Carolina">Governor of South Carolina</a> </b><br />1935–1939 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Burnet_R._Maybank" title="Burnet R. Maybank">Burnet R. Maybank</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Manning_Jefferies" title="Richard Manning Jefferies">Richard Manning Jefferies</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Governor of South Carolina </b><br />1943–1945 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ransome_Judson_Williams" title="Ransome Judson Williams">Ransome Judson Williams</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_South_Carolina" title="Template:Governors of South Carolina"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_South_Carolina" title="Template talk:Governors of South Carolina"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_South_Carolina" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of South Carolina"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_of_South_Carolina" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_South_Carolina" title="List of governors of South Carolina">Governors of South Carolina</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge" title="John Rutledge">J. Rutledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawlins_Lowndes" title="Rawlins Lowndes">Lowndes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge" title="John Rutledge">J. Rutledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mathews_(lawyer)" title="John Mathews (lawyer)">Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Guerard" title="Benjamin Guerard">Guerard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Moultrie" title="William Moultrie">Moultrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pinckney" title="Thomas Pinckney">T. Pinckney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Pinckney_(governor)" title="Charles Pinckney (governor)">C. Pinckney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Moultrie" title="William Moultrie">Moultrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnoldus_Vanderhorst" title="Arnoldus Vanderhorst">Vanderhorst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Pinckney_(governor)" title="Charles Pinckney (governor)">C. Pinckney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Rutledge" title="Edward Rutledge">E. Rutledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Drayton" title="John Drayton">Drayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burchill_Richardson" title="James Burchill Richardson">J. Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hamilton_(politician)" title="Paul Hamilton (politician)">P. Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Pinckney_(governor)" title="Charles Pinckney (governor)">C. Pinckney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Drayton" title="John Drayton">Drayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Middleton_(governor)" title="Henry Middleton (governor)">Middleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Alston" title="Joseph Alston">Alston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Rogerson_Williams" title="David Rogerson Williams">D. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Pickens_(governor)" title="Andrew Pickens (governor)">A. Pickens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Geddes_(politician)" title="John Geddes (politician)">Geddes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bennett_Jr." title="Thomas Bennett Jr.">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lyde_Wilson" title="John Lyde Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Irvine_Manning_I" title="Richard Irvine Manning I">Manning I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_(South_Carolina_governor)" title="John Taylor (South Carolina governor)">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Decatur_Miller" title="Stephen Decatur Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hamilton_Jr." title="James Hamilton Jr.">J. Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Y._Hayne" title="Robert Y. Hayne">Hayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McDuffie" title="George McDuffie">McDuffie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierce_Mason_Butler" title="Pierce Mason Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Noble" title="Patrick Noble">Noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas_Kelet_Henagan" title="Barnabas Kelet Henagan">Henagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Peter_Richardson_II" title="John Peter Richardson II">Richardson II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Hammond" title="James H. Hammond">Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Aiken_Jr." title="William Aiken Jr.">Aiken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Johnson_(governor)" title="David Johnson (governor)">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitemarsh_Benjamin_Seabrook" title="Whitemarsh Benjamin Seabrook">Seabrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hugh_Means" title="John Hugh Means">Means</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lawrence_Manning" title="John Lawrence Manning">J. Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hopkins_Adams" title="James Hopkins Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Francis_Withers_Allston" title="Robert Francis Withers Allston">Allston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Gist" title="William Henry Gist">Gist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Wilkinson_Pickens" title="Francis Wilkinson Pickens">F. Pickens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milledge_Luke_Bonham" title="Milledge Luke Bonham">Bonham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gordon_Magrath" title="Andrew Gordon Magrath">Magrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Perry" title="Benjamin Franklin Perry">Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawrence_Orr" title="James Lawrence Orr">Orr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kingston_Scott" title="Robert Kingston Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_J._Moses_Jr." title="Franklin J. Moses Jr.">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Henry_Chamberlain" title="Daniel Henry Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade_Hampton_III" title="Wade Hampton III">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dunlap_Simpson" title="William Dunlap Simpson">Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bothwell_Jeter" title="Thomas Bothwell Jeter">Jeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Hagood_(governor)" title="Johnson Hagood (governor)">Hagood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Smith_Thompson" title="Hugh Smith Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Calhoun_Sheppard" title="John Calhoun Sheppard">Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Peter_Richardson_III" title="John Peter Richardson III">Richardson III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tillman" title="Benjamin Tillman">Tillman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gary_Evans" title="John Gary Evans">Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Haselden_Ellerbe" title="William Haselden Ellerbe">Ellerbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Benjamin_McSweeney" title="Miles Benjamin McSweeney">McSweeney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Clinch_Heyward" title="Duncan Clinch Heyward">Heyward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Frederick_Ansel" title="Martin Frederick Ansel">Ansel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cole_L._Blease" title="Cole L. Blease">Blease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Aurelius_Smith" title="Charles Aurelius Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Irvine_Manning_III" title="Richard Irvine Manning III">Manning III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Archer_Cooper" title="Robert Archer Cooper">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Godfrey_Harvey" title="Wilson Godfrey Harvey">Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gordon_McLeod" title="Thomas Gordon McLeod">McLeod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gardiner_Richards_Jr." title="John Gardiner Richards Jr.">Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibra_Charles_Blackwood" title="Ibra Charles Blackwood">Blackwood</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnet_R._Maybank" title="Burnet R. Maybank">Maybank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Emile_Harley" title="Joseph Emile Harley">Harley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Manning_Jefferies" title="Richard Manning Jefferies">Jefferies</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ransome_Judson_Williams" title="Ransome Judson Williams">R. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">Byrnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bell_Timmerman_Jr." title="George Bell Timmerman Jr.">Timmerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Hollings" title="Fritz Hollings">Hollings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_S._Russell" title="Donald S. Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Evander_McNair" title="Robert Evander McNair">McNair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._West" title="John C. West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Edwards" title="James B. Edwards">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Riley" title="Richard Riley">Riley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_A._Campbell_Jr." title="Carroll A. Campbell Jr.">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Beasley" title="David Beasley">Beasley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Hodges" title="Jim Hodges">Hodges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Sanford" title="Mark Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikki_Haley" title="Nikki Haley">Haley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_McMaster" title="Henry McMaster">McMaster</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Seal_of_the_Governor_of_South_Carolina.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_Governor_of_South_Carolina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Seal_of_the_Governor_of_South_Carolina.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_Governor_of_South_Carolina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Seal_of_the_Governor_of_South_Carolina.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_Governor_of_South_Carolina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="246" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="Template:United States senators from South Carolina"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="Template talk:United States senators from South Carolina"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from South Carolina"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">United States senators from South Carolina</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierce_Butler_(American_politician)" title="Pierce Butler (American politician)">P. Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hunter_(South_Carolina_politician)" title="John Hunter (South Carolina politician)">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Pinckney_(governor)" title="Charles Pinckney (governor)">Pinckney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sumter" title="Thomas Sumter">Sumter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_(South_Carolina_governor)" title="John Taylor (South Carolina governor)">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(South_Carolina_senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Smith (South Carolina senator)">W. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Y._Hayne" title="Robert Y. Hayne">R. Hayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Elliott_Huger" title="Daniel Elliott Huger">Huger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_H._Elmore" title="Franklin H. Elmore">Elmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodward_Barnwell" title="Robert Woodward Barnwell">Barnwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Barnwell_Rhett" title="Robert Barnwell Rhett">Rhett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._De_Saussure" title="William F. De Saussure">De Saussure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_J._Evans" title="Josiah J. Evans">Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Hayne" title="Arthur P. Hayne">A. Hayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Chesnut_Jr." title="James Chesnut Jr.">Chesnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Robertson" title="Thomas J. Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Butler" title="Matthew Butler">M. Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tillman" title="Benjamin Tillman">Tillman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christie_Benet" title="Christie Benet">Benet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Pollock" title="William P. Pollock">Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_B._Dial" title="Nathaniel B. Dial">Dial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cole_L._Blease" title="Cole L. Blease">Blease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">Byrnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alva_M._Lumpkin" title="Alva M. Lumpkin">Lumpkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_C._Peace" title="Roger C. Peace">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnet_R._Maybank" title="Burnet R. Maybank">Maybank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Daniel" title="Charles E. Daniel">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Wofford" title="Thomas A. Wofford">Wofford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Graham</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Izard" title="Ralph Izard">Izard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Read" title="Jacob Read">Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Colhoun" title="John E. Colhoun">Colhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierce_Butler_(American_politician)" title="Pierce Butler (American politician)">P. Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gaillard" title="John Gaillard">Gaillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harper_(South_Carolina_politician)" title="William Harper (South Carolina politician)">Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(South_Carolina_senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Smith (South Carolina senator)">W. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Decatur_Miller" title="Stephen Decatur Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Preston" title="William C. Preston">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McDuffie" title="George McDuffie">McDuffie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Butler" title="Andrew Butler">A. Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Hammond" title="James H. Hammond">Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_A._Sawyer" title="Frederick A. Sawyer">Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Patterson" title="John J. Patterson">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade_Hampton_III" title="Wade Hampton III">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._M._Irby" title="John L. M. Irby">Irby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Earle" title="Joseph H. Earle">Earle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._McLaurin" title="John L. McLaurin">McLaurin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asbury_Latimer" title="Asbury Latimer">Latimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Gary" title="Frank B. Gary">Gary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellison_D._Smith" title="Ellison D. Smith">E. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilton_E._Hall" title="Wilton E. Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_S._Russell" title="Donald S. Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Hollings" title="Fritz Hollings">Hollings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_DeMint" title="Jim DeMint">DeMint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Scott" title="Tim Scott">Scott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Post_Office_and_Civil_Service" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#default;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Post_Office_chairs" title="Template:US Senate Post Office chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Post_Office_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate Post Office chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Post_Office_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Post Office chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Post_Office_and_Civil_Service" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairmen of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Civil_Service" title="United States Senate Committee on Civil Service">United States Senate Committee on Post Office and Civil Service</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post Office and Post Roads<br />(1816–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_J._Wilson" title="James J. Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montfort_Stokes" title="Montfort Stokes">Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lanman" title="James Lanman">Lanman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Bibb" title="George M. Bibb">Bibb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Grundy" title="Felix Grundy">Grundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Robinson_(Illinois_politician)" title="John M. Robinson (Illinois politician)">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henderson_(Mississippi_politician)" title="John Henderson (Mississippi politician)">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Duhurst_Merrick" title="William Duhurst Merrick">Merrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milton_Niles" title="John Milton Niles">Niles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk" title="Thomas Jefferson Rusk">Rusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Levy_Yulee" title="David Levy Yulee">Yulee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Gwin" title="William M. Gwin">Gwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Collamer" title="Jacob Collamer">Collamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dixon" title="James Dixon">Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ramsey" title="Alexander Ramsey">Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Hamlin" title="Hannibal Hamlin">Hamlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Ferry" title="Thomas W. Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_B._Maxey" title="Samuel B. Maxey">Maxey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Ferry" title="Thomas W. Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Hill" title="Nathaniel P. Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_D._Conger" title="Omar D. Conger">Conger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philetus_Sawyer" title="Philetus Sawyer">Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Vilas" title="William F. Vilas">Vilas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_O._Wolcott" title="Edward O. Wolcott">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Mason_(American_politician)" title="William E. Mason (American politician)">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boies_Penrose" title="Boies Penrose">Penrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bourne_Jr._(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan Bourne Jr. (politician)">Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Bankhead" title="John H. Bankhead">Bankhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Townsend" title="Charles E. Townsend">Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sterling" title="Thomas Sterling">Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Moses" title="George H. Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_C._Phipps" title="Lawrence C. Phipps">Phipps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasker_Oddie" title="Tasker Oddie">Oddie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)" title="Kenneth McKellar (politician)">McKellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Dennis Chávez">Chávez</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil Service and Retrenchment<br />(1873–1921)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_G._Wright" title="George G. Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powell_Clayton" title="Powell Clayton">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Teller" title="Henry M. Teller">Teller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Butler" title="Matthew Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Hawley" title="Joseph R. Hawley">Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Chace" title="Jonathan Chace">Chace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_O._Wolcott" title="Edward O. Wolcott">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Call" title="Wilkinson Call">Call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Jarvis" title="Thomas J. Jarvis">Jarvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeter_C._Pritchard" title="Jeter C. Pritchard">Pritchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Baker" title="Lucien Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Perkins" title="George C. Perkins">Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_B._Cummins" title="Albert B. Cummins">Cummins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlee_Pomerene" title="Atlee Pomerene">Pomerene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)" title="Kenneth McKellar (politician)">McKellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sterling" title="Thomas Sterling">Sterling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil Service<br />(1921–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sterling" title="Thomas Sterling">Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_N._Stanfield" title="Robert N. Stanfield">Stanfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Couzens" title="James Couzens">Couzens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_H._Dale" title="Porter H. Dale">Dale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Bulow" title="William J. Bulow">Bulow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheridan_Downey" title="Sheridan Downey">Downey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post Office and Civil Service<br />(1947–1977)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Langer" title="William Langer">Langer</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Carlson" title="Frank Carlson">Carlson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Monroney" title="Mike Monroney">Monroney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gale_W._McGee" title="Gale W. McGee">McGee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="South_Carolina&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_79th–89th_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCongRep-start" title="Template talk:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="South_Carolina&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_79th–89th_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>'s delegation(s) to the 79th–89th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congresses</a> <span class="nowrap">(ordered by seniority)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/79th_United_States_Congress" title="79th United States Congress">79th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Burnet_R._Maybank" title="Burnet R. Maybank">B. Maybank</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">O. Johnston</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States representatives from South Carolina">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_P._Richards" title="James P. Richards">J. Richards</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Butler_B._Hare" title="Butler B. Hare">B. Hare</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Bryson" title="Joseph R. Bryson">J. Bryson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_L._McMillan" title="John L. McMillan">J. McMillan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/L._Mendel_Rivers" title="L. Mendel Rivers">L. M. Rivers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._Riley" title="John J. Riley">J. Riley</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/80th_United_States_Congress" title="80th United States Congress">80th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Burnet_R._Maybank" title="Burnet R. Maybank">B. Maybank</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">O. Johnston</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States representatives from South Carolina">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_P._Richards" title="James P. Richards">J. Richards</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Bryson" title="Joseph R. Bryson">J. Bryson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_L._McMillan" title="John L. McMillan">J. McMillan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/L._Mendel_Rivers" title="L. Mendel Rivers">L. M. Rivers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._Riley" title="John J. Riley">J. Riley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_Dorn" title="William Jennings Bryan Dorn">W. J. B. Dorn</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/81st_United_States_Congress" title="81st United States Congress">81st</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Burnet_R._Maybank" title="Burnet R. Maybank">B. Maybank</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">O. Johnston</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States representatives from South Carolina">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_P._Richards" title="James P. Richards">J. Richards</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Bryson" title="Joseph R. Bryson">J. Bryson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_L._McMillan" title="John L. McMillan">J. McMillan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/L._Mendel_Rivers" title="L. Mendel Rivers">L. M. Rivers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._Riley" title="John J. Riley">J. Riley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Hugo_S._Sims_Jr." title="Hugo S. Sims Jr.">H. Sims</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/82nd_United_States_Congress" title="82nd United States Congress">82nd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Burnet_R._Maybank" title="Burnet R. Maybank">B. Maybank</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">O. Johnston</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States representatives from South Carolina">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_P._Richards" title="James P. Richards">J. Richards</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Bryson" title="Joseph R. Bryson">J. Bryson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_L._McMillan" title="John L. McMillan">J. McMillan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/L._Mendel_Rivers" title="L. Mendel Rivers">L. M. Rivers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._Riley" title="John J. Riley">J. Riley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_Dorn" title="William Jennings Bryan Dorn">W. J. B. Dorn</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/83rd_United_States_Congress" title="83rd United States Congress">83rd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Burnet_R._Maybank" title="Burnet R. Maybank"><i>B. Maybank</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">O. Johnston</a> (D)<br /></li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Daniel" title="Charles E. Daniel"><i>C. Daniel</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond"><i>S. Thurmond</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States representatives from South Carolina">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_P._Richards" title="James P. Richards">J. Richards</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Bryson" title="Joseph R. Bryson"><i>J. Bryson</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_L._McMillan" title="John L. McMillan">J. McMillan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/L._Mendel_Rivers" title="L. Mendel Rivers">L. M. Rivers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._Riley" title="John J. Riley">J. Riley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_Dorn" title="William Jennings Bryan Dorn">W. J. B. Dorn</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_T._Ashmore" title="Robert T. Ashmore"><i>R. Ashmore</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/84th_United_States_Congress" title="84th United States Congress">84th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">O. Johnston</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond"><i>S. Thurmond</i></a> (D)<br /></li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Wofford" title="Thomas A. Wofford"><i>T. Wofford</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States representatives from South Carolina">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_P._Richards" title="James P. Richards">J. Richards</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_L._McMillan" title="John L. McMillan">J. McMillan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/L._Mendel_Rivers" title="L. Mendel Rivers">L. M. Rivers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._Riley" title="John J. Riley">J. Riley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_Dorn" title="William Jennings Bryan Dorn">W. J. B. Dorn</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_T._Ashmore" title="Robert T. Ashmore">R. Ashmore</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/85th_United_States_Congress" title="85th United States Congress">85th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">O. Johnston</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">S. Thurmond</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States representatives from South Carolina">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_L._McMillan" title="John L. McMillan">J. McMillan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/L._Mendel_Rivers" title="L. Mendel Rivers">L. M. Rivers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._Riley" title="John J. Riley">J. Riley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_Dorn" title="William Jennings Bryan Dorn">W. J. B. Dorn</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_T._Ashmore" title="Robert T. Ashmore">R. Ashmore</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Hemphill" title="Robert W. Hemphill">R. Hemphill</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/86th_United_States_Congress" title="86th United States Congress">86th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">O. Johnston</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">S. Thurmond</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States representatives from South Carolina">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_L._McMillan" title="John L. McMillan">J. McMillan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/L._Mendel_Rivers" title="L. Mendel Rivers">L. M. Rivers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._Riley" title="John J. Riley">J. Riley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_Dorn" title="William Jennings Bryan Dorn">W. J. B. Dorn</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_T._Ashmore" title="Robert T. Ashmore">R. Ashmore</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Hemphill" title="Robert W. Hemphill">R. Hemphill</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/87th_United_States_Congress" title="87th United States Congress">87th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">O. Johnston</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">S. Thurmond</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States representatives from South Carolina">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_L._McMillan" title="John L. McMillan">J. McMillan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/L._Mendel_Rivers" title="L. Mendel Rivers">L. M. Rivers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._Riley" title="John J. Riley"><i>J. Riley</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_Dorn" title="William Jennings Bryan Dorn">W. J. B. Dorn</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_T._Ashmore" title="Robert T. Ashmore">R. Ashmore</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Hemphill" title="Robert W. Hemphill">R. Hemphill</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Corinne_Boyd_Riley" title="Corinne Boyd Riley"><i>C. Riley</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/88th_United_States_Congress" title="88th United States Congress">88th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">O. Johnston</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">S. Thurmond</a> (D/R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States representatives from South Carolina">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_L._McMillan" title="John L. McMillan">J. McMillan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/L._Mendel_Rivers" title="L. Mendel Rivers">L. M. Rivers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_Dorn" title="William Jennings Bryan Dorn">W. J. B. Dorn</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_T._Ashmore" title="Robert T. Ashmore">R. Ashmore</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Hemphill" title="Robert W. Hemphill"><i>R. Hemphill</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Albert_Watson_(South_Carolina_politician)" title="Albert Watson (South Carolina politician)">A. Watson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Gettys" title="Thomas S. Gettys"><i>T. Gettys</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/89th_United_States_Congress" title="89th United States Congress">89th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>O. Johnston</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">S. Thurmond</a> (R)<br /></li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Donald_S._Russell" title="Donald S. Russell"><i>D. Russell</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States representatives from South Carolina">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_L._McMillan" title="John L. McMillan">J. McMillan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/L._Mendel_Rivers" title="L. Mendel Rivers">L. M. Rivers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_Dorn" title="William Jennings Bryan Dorn">W. J. B. Dorn</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_T._Ashmore" title="Robert T. Ashmore">R. Ashmore</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Albert_Watson_(South_Carolina_politician)" title="Albert Watson (South Carolina politician)">A. Watson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Gettys" title="Thomas S. Gettys">T. Gettys</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357511#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357511#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357511#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000028128672">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/11408906">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/251471/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJppD7WYjfKkbgDDGKcwYP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1183014724">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88222254">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=J000195">US Congress</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10570893">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w64m9ckv">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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