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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">James P. Richards</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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Richards – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="James P. 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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">James Prioleau Richards</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Richards_portrait,_1956.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/James_Richards_portrait%2C_1956.jpg/220px-James_Richards_portrait%2C_1956.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/James_Richards_portrait%2C_1956.jpg/330px-James_Richards_portrait%2C_1956.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/James_Richards_portrait%2C_1956.jpg/440px-James_Richards_portrait%2C_1956.jpg 2x" data-file-width="921" data-file-height="1314" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Richards in 1956</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>'s <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="South Carolina's 5th congressional district">5th</a> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1933 – January 3, 1957</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Stevenson" title="William Francis Stevenson">William F. Stevenson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Hemphill" title="Robert W. Hemphill">Robert W. Hemphill</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs" title="United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs">Committee on Foreign Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1951 – January 3, 1953</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Kee" title="John Kee">John Kee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Chiperfield" title="Robert B. Chiperfield">Robert B. Chiperfield</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1955 – January 3, 1957</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Robert B. Chiperfield</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Gordon" title="Thomas S. Gordon">Thomas S. Gordon</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1894-08-31</span>)</span>August 31, 1894<br /><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Hill,_South_Carolina" title="Liberty Hill, South Carolina">Liberty Hill, South Carolina</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">February 21, 1979<span style="display:none">(1979-02-21)</span> (aged 84)<br /><a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_South_Carolina" title="Lancaster, South Carolina">Lancaster, South Carolina</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Clemson_University" title="Clemson University">Clemson College</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina" title="University of South Carolina">University of South Carolina</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">lawyer</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1917 – 1919</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Second_Lieutenant_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Lieutenant (United States)">Second Lieutenant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data">118th Regiment, 30th Division</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>James Prioleau</b> "<b>Dick</b>" <b>Richards</b> (August 31, 1894 – February 21, 1979) was a lawyer, judge, and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> from <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> between 1933 and 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later served as a special ambassador under <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> President <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_P._Richards&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Hill,_South_Carolina" title="Liberty Hill, South Carolina">Liberty Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>, Richards attended in-state county schools and Clemson College, in <a href="/wiki/Clemson,_South_Carolina" title="Clemson, South Carolina">Clemson</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_P._Richards&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the First World War, Richards served overseas as a private, corporal, sergeant, and second lieutenant in the Trench Mortar Battery, Headquarters Company, <a href="/wiki/118th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="118th Infantry Regiment (United States)">118th Infantry Regiment</a>, <a href="/wiki/30th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="30th Infantry Division (United States)">30th Division</a> from 1917 to 1919. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lawyer_and_judge">Lawyer and judge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_P._Richards&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Lawyer and judge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richards graduated from the law department of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina_at_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="University of South Carolina at Columbia">University of South Carolina at Columbia</a> in 1921 and was admitted to the bar the same year, commencing practice in <a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_South_Carolina" title="Lancaster, South Carolina">Lancaster, South Carolina</a>. He served as judge of the probate court of <a href="/wiki/Lancaster_County,_South_Carolina" title="Lancaster County, South Carolina">Lancaster County, South Carolina</a>, from 1923 to 1933. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Congressman">Congressman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_P._Richards&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Congressman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richards was elected as a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> to the <a href="/wiki/73rd_United_States_Congress" title="73rd United States Congress">seventy-third Congress</a> and reelected to the eleven succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1933 – January 3, 1957). </p><p>A confidential 1943 analysis of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs" title="United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs">House Foreign Affairs Committee</a> by <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Isaiah Berlin</a> for the British <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Office">Foreign Office</a> described Richards as having "supported the Administration on foreign policy before and after <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbour</a> all the way with the single exception of the vote on lifting belligerent zones for American ships three weeks before Pearl Harbour ... Probably internationalist rather than nationalist in outlook". His voting record was "consistently pro-British". He voted in favor of the 1941 Lend Lease Act<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in favor of the 1944 Lend Lease Act.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hachey1973_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hachey1973-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1947-8, he served on the <a href="/wiki/Herter_Committee" title="Herter Committee">Herter Committee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Final_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Final-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/82nd_United_States_Congress" title="82nd United States Congress">Eighty-second</a> and <a href="/wiki/84th_United_States_Congress" title="84th United States Congress">Eighty-fourth Congresses</a> he served as chairman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs" title="United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs">Committee on Foreign Affairs</a>. In 1953, Richards served as delegate to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Francisco" title="Treaty of San Francisco">Japanese Peace Conference</a> and United States delegate to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. Hoping to retire from Congress, he was not a candidate for reelection in 1956 to the Eighty-fifth Congress. </p><p>He was a signatory to the 1956 <a href="/wiki/Southern_Manifesto" title="Southern Manifesto">Southern Manifesto</a> that opposed the desegregation of public schools ordered by the Supreme Court in <i><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. Board of Education</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_life">Later life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_P._Richards&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He served as special assistant to President Eisenhower, January 1957–January 1958, for the Middle East, following announcement of the <a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Doctrine" title="Eisenhower Doctrine">Eisenhower Doctrine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With this position, Richards held rank of ambassador. Following this, he resided in <a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_South_Carolina" title="Lancaster, South Carolina">Lancaster, South Carolina</a>, and resumed the practice of law. </p><p>Richards died there on February 21, 1979, and was interred in Liberty Hill Presbyterian Church Cemetery, Liberty Hill, South Carolina. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_P._Richards&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000214">James P. Richards</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voteview.com/rollcall/RH0770006">"Voteview | Plot Vote: 77th Congress > House > 6"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Voteview+%26%23124%3B+Plot+Vote%3A+77th+Congress+%3E+House+%3E+6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voteview.com%2Frollcall%2FRH0770006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+P.+Richards" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://voteview.com/rollcall/RH0780117">"Voteview | Plot Vote: 78th Congress > House > 117"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Voteview+%26%23124%3B+Plot+Vote%3A+78th+Congress+%3E+House+%3E+117&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvoteview.com%2Frollcall%2FRH0780117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+P.+Richards" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hachey1973-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hachey1973_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHachey,_Thomas_E.1973–1974" class="citation journal cs1">Hachey, Thomas E. (Winter 1973–1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131021185357/http://berlin.wolf.ox.ac.uk/published_works/singles/bib139a/bib139a.pdf">"American Profiles on Capitol Hill: A Confidential Study for the British Foreign Office in 1943"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Wisconsin Magazine of History</i>. <b>57</b> (2): 141–153. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4634869">4634869</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://berlin.wolf.ox.ac.uk/published_works/singles/bib139a/bib139a.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-10-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wisconsin+Magazine+of+History&rft.atitle=American+Profiles+on+Capitol+Hill%3A+A+Confidential+Study+for+the+British+Foreign+Office+in+1943&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=141-153&rft.date=1973%2F1974&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4634869%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Hachey%2C+Thomas+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fberlin.wolf.ox.ac.uk%2Fpublished_works%2Fsingles%2Fbib139a%2Fbib139a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+P.+Richards" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Final-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Final_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marshallfoundation.org/library/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2014/04/Studies_Prior_to_the_Marshall_Plan.pdf">"Final Report on Foreign Aid of the House Select Committee on Foreign Aid"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Marshall Foundation. May 1, 1948<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Final+Report+on+Foreign+Aid+of+the+House+Select+Committee+on+Foreign+Aid&rft.pub=Marshall+Foundation&rft.date=1948-05-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marshallfoundation.org%2Flibrary%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F16%2F2014%2F04%2FStudies_Prior_to_the_Marshall_Plan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+P.+Richards" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202022606/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,821091,00.html">FOREIGN RELATIONS: Doctrine's First Fruits</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>, April 29, 1957</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_P._Richards&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressR000214" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000214">"James P. Richards (id: R000214)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=James+P.+Richards+%28id%3A+R000214%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DR000214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+P.+Richards" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Stevenson" title="William Francis Stevenson">William F. Stevenson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States representatives from South Carolina">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <br />from <span data-sort-value="South Carolina05 !"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="South Carolina's 5th congressional district">South Carolina's 5th congressional district</a></span> </b><br />1933–1957 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Hemphill" title="Robert W. Hemphill">Robert W. Hemphill</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Kee" title="John Kee">John Kee</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chairman of <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs" title="United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs">House Foreign Affairs Committee</a> </b><br />1951 – 1953 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Chiperfield" title="Robert B. Chiperfield">Robert B. Chiperfield</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Robert B. Chiperfield</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chairman of House Foreign Affairs Committee </b><br />1955 – 1957 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Gordon" title="Thomas S. Gordon">Thomas S. Gordon</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs" title="United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs">Chairmen of the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Russell" title="Jonathan Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(politician)" title="John Forsyth (politician)">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Archer" title="William S. Archer">Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Moore_Wayne" class="mw-redirect" title="James Moore Wayne">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Y._Mason" title="John Y. Mason">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Chew_Howard" title="Benjamin Chew Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Wilkinson_Pickens" title="Francis Wilkinson Pickens">Pickens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Cushing" title="Caleb Cushing">Cushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Jared_Ingersoll" title="Charles Jared Ingersoll">Ingersoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Smith" title="Truman Smith">T. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Alexander_McClernand" class="mw-redirect" title="John Alexander McClernand">McClernand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Bayly" title="Thomas H. Bayly">Bayly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_C._M._Pennington" title="Alexander C. M. Pennington">Pennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_L._Clingman" title="Thomas L. Clingman">Clingman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Hopkins" title="George Washington Hopkins">Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Corwin" title="Thomas Corwin">Corwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">Crittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Winter_Davis" title="Henry Winter Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Myers_(politician)" title="Leonard Myers (politician)">Myers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godlove_S._Orth" title="Godlove S. Orth">Orth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Swann" title="Thomas Swann">Swann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_S._Cox" title="Samuel S. Cox">Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Williams" title="Charles G. Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gregg_Curtin" title="Andrew Gregg Curtin">Curtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Belmont" title="Perry Belmont">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._McCreary" title="James B. McCreary">McCreary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Hitt" title="Robert R. Hitt">Hitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Henderson_Blount" title="James Henderson Blount">Blount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._McCreary" title="James B. McCreary">McCreary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Hitt" title="Robert R. Hitt">Hitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_G._Cousins" title="Robert G. Cousins">Cousins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Breck_Perkins" title="James Breck Perkins">Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Foster" title="David J. Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sulzer" title="William Sulzer">Sulzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bennett_Smith" title="Charles Bennett Smith">C. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_D._Flood" title="Henry D. Flood">Flood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_G._Porter" title="Stephen G. Porter">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilson_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Wilson Temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Linthicum" class="mw-redirect" title="John Charles Linthicum">Linthicum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Davis_McReynolds" title="Samuel Davis McReynolds">McReynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_Bloom" title="Sol Bloom">Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Aubrey_Eaton" title="Charles Aubrey Eaton">Eaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_Bloom" title="Sol Bloom">Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kee" title="John Kee">Kee</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Chiperfield" title="Robert B. Chiperfield">Chiperfield</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Gordon" title="Thomas S. Gordon">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Morgan" title="Thomas E. Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_J._Zablocki" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement J. Zablocki">Zablocki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Fascell" title="Dante Fascell">Fascell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Hamilton" title="Lee Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gilman" title="Benjamin Gilman">Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hyde" title="Henry Hyde">Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Lantos" title="Tom Lantos">Lantos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Berman" title="Howard Berman">Berman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ileana_Ros-Lehtinen" title="Ileana Ros-Lehtinen">Ros-Lehtinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Royce_(politician)" title="Ed Royce (politician)">Royce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliot_Engel" title="Eliot Engel">Engel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Meeks" title="Gregory Meeks">Meeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McCaul" title="Michael McCaul">McCaul</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="South_Carolina&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_73rd–84th_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCongRep-start" title="Template talk:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="South_Carolina&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_73rd–84th_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>'s delegation(s) to the 73rd–84th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congresses</a> <span class="nowrap">(ordered by seniority)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/73rd_United_States_Congress" title="73rd United States Congress">73rd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ellison_D._Smith" title="Ellison D. Smith">E. Smith</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">J. Byrnes</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States representatives from South Carolina">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Hampton_P._Fulmer" title="Hampton P. Fulmer">H. Fulmer</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._McSwain" title="John J. McSwain">J. McSwain</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Allard_H._Gasque" title="Allard H. Gasque">A. Gasque</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._McMillan" title="Thomas S. McMillan">T. McMillan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Richards</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_C._Taylor" title="John C. Taylor">J. Taylor</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/74th_United_States_Congress" title="74th United States Congress">74th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ellison_D._Smith" title="Ellison D. Smith">E. Smith</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">J. Byrnes</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States representatives from South Carolina">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Hampton_P._Fulmer" title="Hampton P. Fulmer">H. Fulmer</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._McSwain" title="John J. McSwain"><i>J. McSwain</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Allard_H._Gasque" title="Allard H. Gasque">A. Gasque</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._McMillan" title="Thomas S. McMillan">T. McMillan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Richards</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_C._Taylor" title="John C. Taylor">J. Taylor</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_H._Mahon_Jr." title="Gabriel H. Mahon Jr."><i>G. Mahon</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/75th_United_States_Congress" title="75th United States Congress">75th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ellison_D._Smith" title="Ellison D. Smith">E. Smith</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">J. Byrnes</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States representatives from South Carolina">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Hampton_P._Fulmer" title="Hampton P. Fulmer">H. Fulmer</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Allard_H._Gasque" title="Allard H. Gasque"><i>A. Gasque</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._McMillan" title="Thomas S. McMillan">T. McMillan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Richards</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_C._Taylor" title="John C. Taylor">J. Taylor</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_H._Mahon_Jr." title="Gabriel H. Mahon Jr.">G. Mahon</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Hawley_Gasque" title="Elizabeth Hawley Gasque"><i>E. Gasque</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/76th_United_States_Congress" title="76th United States Congress">76th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ellison_D._Smith" title="Ellison D. Smith">E. Smith</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">J. Byrnes</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States representatives from South Carolina">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Hampton_P._Fulmer" title="Hampton P. Fulmer">H. Fulmer</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._McMillan" title="Thomas S. McMillan"><i>T. McMillan</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Richards</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Butler_B._Hare" title="Butler B. Hare">B. Hare</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Bryson" title="Joseph R. Bryson">J. Bryson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_L._McMillan" title="John L. McMillan">J. McMillan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Clara_G._McMillan" title="Clara G. McMillan"><i>C. McMillan</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/77th_United_States_Congress" title="77th United States Congress">77th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ellison_D._Smith" title="Ellison D. Smith">E. Smith</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes"><i>J. Byrnes</i></a> (D)<br /></li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alva_M._Lumpkin" title="Alva M. Lumpkin"><i>A. Lumpkin</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Roger_C._Peace" title="Roger C. Peace"><i>R. Peace</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Burnet_R._Maybank" title="Burnet R. Maybank"><i>B. Maybank</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States representatives from South Carolina">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Hampton_P._Fulmer" title="Hampton P. Fulmer">H. Fulmer</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Richards</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Butler_B._Hare" title="Butler B. Hare">B. Hare</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Bryson" title="Joseph R. Bryson">J. Bryson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_L._McMillan" title="John L. McMillan">J. McMillan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/L._Mendel_Rivers" title="L. Mendel Rivers">L. M. Rivers</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/78th_United_States_Congress" title="78th United States Congress">78th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ellison_D._Smith" title="Ellison D. Smith"><i>E. Smith</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Burnet_R._Maybank" title="Burnet R. Maybank">B. Maybank</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Wilton_E._Hall" title="Wilton E. Hall"><i>W. Hall</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States representatives from South Carolina">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Hampton_P._Fulmer" title="Hampton P. Fulmer"><i>H. Fulmer</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Richards</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Butler_B._Hare" title="Butler B. Hare">B. Hare</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Bryson" title="Joseph R. Bryson">J. Bryson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_L._McMillan" title="John L. McMillan">J. McMillan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/L._Mendel_Rivers" title="L. Mendel Rivers">L. M. Rivers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Willa_L._Fulmer" title="Willa L. Fulmer"><i>W. Fulmer</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/79th_United_States_Congress" title="79th United States Congress">79th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Burnet_R._Maybank" title="Burnet R. Maybank">B. Maybank</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Olin_D._Johnston" title="Olin D. Johnston">O. Johnston</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States representatives from South Carolina">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Richards</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Butler_B._Hare" title="Butler B. Hare">B. Hare</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Bryson" title="Joseph R. Bryson">J. Bryson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_L._McMillan" title="John L. McMillan">J. McMillan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/L._Mendel_Rivers" title="L. Mendel Rivers">L. M. Rivers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._Riley" title="John J. Riley">J. Riley</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/80th_United_States_Congress" title="80th United States Congress">80th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Burnet_R._Maybank" title="Burnet R. Maybank">B. Maybank</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Olin_D._Johnston" title="Olin D. Johnston">O. Johnston</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States representatives from South Carolina">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Richards</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Bryson" title="Joseph R. Bryson">J. Bryson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_L._McMillan" title="John L. McMillan">J. McMillan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/L._Mendel_Rivers" title="L. Mendel Rivers">L. M. Rivers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._Riley" title="John J. Riley">J. Riley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_Dorn" title="William Jennings Bryan Dorn">W. J. B. Dorn</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/81st_United_States_Congress" title="81st United States Congress">81st</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Burnet_R._Maybank" title="Burnet R. Maybank">B. Maybank</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Olin_D._Johnston" title="Olin D. Johnston">O. Johnston</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States representatives from South Carolina">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Richards</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Bryson" title="Joseph R. Bryson">J. Bryson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_L._McMillan" title="John L. McMillan">J. McMillan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/L._Mendel_Rivers" title="L. Mendel Rivers">L. M. Rivers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._Riley" title="John J. Riley">J. Riley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Hugo_S._Sims_Jr." title="Hugo S. Sims Jr.">H. Sims</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/82nd_United_States_Congress" title="82nd United States Congress">82nd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Burnet_R._Maybank" title="Burnet R. Maybank">B. Maybank</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Olin_D._Johnston" title="Olin D. Johnston">O. Johnston</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States representatives from South Carolina">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Richards</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Bryson" title="Joseph R. Bryson">J. Bryson</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_L._McMillan" title="John L. McMillan">J. McMillan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/L._Mendel_Rivers" title="L. Mendel Rivers">L. M. Rivers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._Riley" title="John J. Riley">J. Riley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_Dorn" title="William Jennings Bryan Dorn">W. J. B. Dorn</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/83rd_United_States_Congress" title="83rd United States Congress">83rd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Burnet_R._Maybank" title="Burnet R. Maybank"><i>B. Maybank</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Olin_D._Johnston" title="Olin D. Johnston">O. Johnston</a> (D)<br /></li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Daniel" title="Charles E. Daniel"><i>C. Daniel</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond"><i>S. Thurmond</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States representatives from South Carolina">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Richards</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Bryson" title="Joseph R. Bryson"><i>J. Bryson</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_L._McMillan" title="John L. McMillan">J. McMillan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/L._Mendel_Rivers" title="L. Mendel Rivers">L. M. Rivers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._Riley" title="John J. Riley">J. Riley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_Dorn" title="William Jennings Bryan Dorn">W. J. B. Dorn</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_T._Ashmore" title="Robert T. Ashmore"><i>R. Ashmore</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/84th_United_States_Congress" title="84th United States Congress">84th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States senators from South Carolina">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Olin_D._Johnston" title="Olin D. Johnston">O. Johnston</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond"><i>S. Thurmond</i></a> (D)<br /></li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Wofford" title="Thomas A. Wofford"><i>T. Wofford</i></a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_South_Carolina" title="List of United States representatives from South Carolina">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Richards</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_L._McMillan" title="John L. McMillan">J. McMillan</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/L._Mendel_Rivers" title="L. Mendel Rivers">L. M. Rivers</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_J._Riley" title="John J. Riley">J. Riley</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_Dorn" title="William Jennings Bryan Dorn">W. J. B. Dorn</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_T._Ashmore" title="Robert T. Ashmore">R. 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