Opening of a trial for crimes against humanity and war crimes in South Kivu

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/logos/ms-icon-150x150.png"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/favicon.ico"> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="pingback" href="https://trialinternational.org/xmlrpc.php"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/opening-of-a-trial-for-crimes-against-humanity-and-war-crimes-in-south-kivu/" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://trialinternational.org/fr/latest-post/ouverture-dun-proces-pour-crimes-contre-lhumanite-et-crimes-de-guerre-dans-le-sud-kivu/" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/opening-of-a-trial-for-crimes-against-humanity-and-war-crimes-in-south-kivu/" />  <title>Opening of a trial for crimes against humanity and war crimes in South Kivu - TRIAL International</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/opening-of-a-trial-for-crimes-against-humanity-and-war-crimes-in-south-kivu/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Opening of a trial for crimes against humanity and war crimes in South Kivu - TRIAL International" /> <meta property="og:description" content="On 23 August 2018, the South Kivu military tribunal opened a trial in the town of Kalehe against two leaders of the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), an armed group that was operating in the area. 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<div class="container main-wrapper"> <div class="container container-breadcrumbs container-1200"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><ul id="breadcrumbs" class="breadcrumbs"><li class="item-home"><a class="bread-link bread-home" href="https://trialinternational.org" title="Home">Home</a></li><li class="separator separator-home"> &rsaquo; </li><li class="item-cat item-custom-post-type-latest"><a class="bread-cat bread-custom-post-type-latest" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/" title="Latest">Latest</a></li><li class="separator"> &rsaquo; </li><li class="item-cat item-custom-post-type-latest"><a class="bread-cat bread-custom-post-type-latest" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/news/" title="News">News</a></li><li class="separator"> &rsaquo; </li><li class="item-current item-13782"><strong class="bread-current bread-13782" title="Opening of a trial for crimes against humanity and war crimes in South Kivu">Opening of a trial for crimes against humanity and war crimes in South Kivu</strong></li></ul></div></div></div> <div class="row content-row"> <div class="col-md-12 text-xs-right social-sharing"> <span class="tri-share-icon"> Share This: <i class="fa fa-share-alt" aria-hidden="true"></i> </span> <div class="hidden addthis_custom_sharing"></div> </div> <div class="the-content col-md-9"> <h1 class="latest-title orange text-uppercase nospacebelow"> Opening of a trial for crimes against humanity and war crimes in South Kivu </h1> <div class="sm-date orange">23.08.2018 ( <strong>Last modified:</strong> 19.12.2018 ) </div> <div class="clr20"></div> <div class="latest-body"> <p><span id="result_box" class="" lang="en"><span class="">On 23 August 2018, the South Kivu military tribunal opened a trial in the town of Kalehe against two leaders of the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), an armed group that was operating in the area.</span> The Court will have to decide whether c<span class="">ommanders Kabumbre and Rafiki Castro were responsible for the bloody attacks that targeted two villages in South Kivu in May 2012. At the heart of a conflict between militia and armed forces, the survivors of the massacres, supported by TRIAL International, are demanding justice and reparation</span></span>.</p> <p> </p> <h2 class="text-uppercase orange">Lumenje and Kamananga, two villages affected by terror</h2> <p>On 5 May 2012, the FDLR attacked the village of Lumenje. 14 people were killed, several wounded. Houses, as well as a primary school were burned to the ground.</p> <p>Nine days after the tragedy in Lumenje, the FDLR carried out a similar attack in the village of Kamananga. More than thirty people were killed, several wounded. Houses were looted and burned down.</p> <p> </p> <h2 class="text-uppercase orange">Retaliation threats were found on the victims’ bodies</h2> <p>Following both dramatic attacks, a similar note signed by the commanders Castro, Sabimana, Cristophe, and Guillaume was found on the bodies of the victims. The note threatens to retaliate against the civilian population, accusing it of supporting a local militia, Raia Mutomboki.</p> <p> </p> <h2 class="text-uppercase orange">Procedure</h2> <p>As part of the years-long investigation, 139 victims and witnesses testified.</p> <p>The first investigation was completed by additional documentation missions undertaken between 2017 and 2018 with the joint expertise of TRIAL International, Witness and eyeWitness.</p> <p>The collected audiovisual material was added to the evidence. If it is considered admissible, this could create an important precedent in terms of how documentation and investigations are handled in the DRC.</p> <p><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/can-video-bring-down-impunity/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Learn more about the use of audiovisual as a means of proof</a></p> <p>Evidence and testimonies collected identified the two defendants: Kabumbre and Rafiki Castro. Both are being held in Bukavu and are being prosecuted for war crimes and crimes against humanity.</p> <p> </p> <h2 class="text-uppercase orange">Context</h2> <p>Following the Peace, Security and Development Conference in North and South Kivu, joint operations were carried out in 2008 by the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Congo (FARDC) and the Rwandan army, against Democratic Forces of Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR). These operations generated strong tensions and the FDLR began to unload on the civilian population, particularly in response to clashes with the Raia Mutomboki. With several million direct and indirect victims since 1994, the <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">conflict in the DRC</a> is the deadliest since the end of the Second World War.</p> <p> </p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3 right-sidebar "> <div class="fixed-content"> <div class="subscribe"> <div class="title orange">Sign up to our newsletter </div> <form target="_blank" class="sidebar-subscribe-form form-inline" method="get" action="/newsletter"> <input type="email" name="subscribe_email" placeholder="Email" class="form-control"> <button type="submit" class="btn text-uppercase">Submit</button> </form> </div> <div class="donate"> <a class="donate-button" target="_blank" title="Donate_Lien" href="https://trialinternational.org/donate/support-us/"> Donate </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="latest-carousel-section"> <h2 class="text-xs-center text-uppercase"> <span class="title-wrap 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forward for victims of serious crimes</a> </h3> <small>16.10.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> </div> <div class="summary"> In a ruling handed down on April 12, 2023, a Congolese court has, for the first time, exempted victims from the payment... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/drc-elimination-of-court-fees-a-major-step-forward-for-victims-of-serious-crimes/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/drc-elimination-of-court-fees-a-major-step-forward-for-victims-of-serious-crimes/"><img src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/article-v2-1024x655.png" alt="Featured Image" class="img-fluid" /></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="carousel-item "> <div class="container container-1200"> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <a class="tag" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/news/">News</a> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/call-for-proposals-global-initiative-against-impunity-for-international-crimes-and-serious-human-rights-violations-making-justice-work/">Call for Proposals: “Global Initiative Against Impunity for International Crimes and Se...</a> </h3> <small>18.07.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> Global </div> <div class="summary"> Call for Proposals: “Global Initiative Against Impunity for International Crimes and Serious Human Rights Violations:... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/call-for-proposals-global-initiative-against-impunity-for-international-crimes-and-serious-human-rights-violations-making-justice-work/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/call-for-proposals-global-initiative-against-impunity-for-international-crimes-and-serious-human-rights-violations-making-justice-work/"><img src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/1.-Logo-GIAI-1024x576.png" alt="Featured Image" class="img-fluid" /></a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <a class="tag" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/news/">News</a> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/victims-voices-a-setback-for-the-fight-against-impunity/">Victims’ voices: A setback for the fight against impunity</a> </h3> <small>04.07.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/algeria/">Algeria</a> </div> <div class="summary"> “They took me into a cell and said, "[...], you're going to talk now". I was tied to the stretcher, dressed. [...] They... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/victims-voices-a-setback-for-the-fight-against-impunity/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/victims-voices-a-setback-for-the-fight-against-impunity/"><img src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/CASES-FEATURE_Nezzar-V3-1024x415.png" alt="Featured Image" class="img-fluid" /></a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <a class="tag" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/news/">News</a> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/making-justice-work-civil-society-unites-in-the-global-fight-against-impunity/">Making justice work: Civil society unites in the global fight against impunity</a> </h3> <small>18.06.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> Global </div> <div class="summary"> Impunity is the most significant obstacle to justice and reparation for victims and survivors of human rights violations... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/making-justice-work-civil-society-unites-in-the-global-fight-against-impunity/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/making-justice-work-civil-society-unites-in-the-global-fight-against-impunity/"><img src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Guatemala-City-21-June-2019-National-Day-of-the-Disappeared-achi-women-cheering-2-1024x724.jpg" alt="Featured Image" class="img-fluid" /></a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <a class="tag" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/news-releases/">News releases</a> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/historic-conviction-in-germany-of-a-former-member-of-a-gambian-death-squad-for-crimes-against-humanity/">Historic conviction in Germany of a former member of a Gambian death squad for crimes a...</a> </h3> <small>14.06.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/gambia/">The Gambia</a> </div> <div class="summary"> (Geneva, 30 November 2023) - Bai Lowe, a former member of the paramilitary unit known as the "Junglers", created by form... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/historic-conviction-in-germany-of-a-former-member-of-a-gambian-death-squad-for-crimes-against-humanity/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/historic-conviction-in-germany-of-a-former-member-of-a-gambian-death-squad-for-crimes-against-humanity/"><img src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Banner-2-DONALD-verdict_artice-et-home-1024x341.png" alt="Featured Image" class="img-fluid" /></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="carousel-item "> <div class="container container-1200"> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <a class="tag" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/news-releases/">News releases</a> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/shining-verdict-in-the-kokodikoko-case-drc/">Shining verdict in the Kokodikoko case (DRC)</a> </h3> <small>05.06.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> </div> <div class="summary"> Three former militiamen, including the infamous warlord Kokodikoko, have been condemned for crimes against humanity. The... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/shining-verdict-in-the-kokodikoko-case-drc/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/shining-verdict-in-the-kokodikoko-case-drc/"><img src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Procès-Kokodikoko-cTRIAL-InternationaAmani-featured.jpg" alt="Featured Image" class="img-fluid" /></a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <a class="tag" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/news/">News</a> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/the-ousman-sonko-case-a-historic-conviction-yet-a-missed-opportunity-to-recognize-sexual-violence-as-a-weapon-of-repression/">Sonko case: a historic conviction, yet a missed opportunity to recognize sexual violenc...</a> </h3> <small>05.06.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/switzerland/">Switzerland</a> </div> <div class="summary"> The conviction of former Gambian Interior Minister Ousman Sonko in Switzerland for crimes against humanity on 15 May 202... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/the-ousman-sonko-case-a-historic-conviction-yet-a-missed-opportunity-to-recognize-sexual-violence-as-a-weapon-of-repression/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <a class="tag" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/">Reports and publications</a> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/towards-a-convention-on-the-prevention-and-punishment-of-crimes-against-humanity-recommendations-to-states-on-the-prohibition-of-amnesties/">Towards a Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Humanity: recom...</a> </h3> <small>04.06.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> Global </div> <div class="summary"> In a brief entitled “Towards a Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Humanity: recommendations t... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/towards-a-convention-on-the-prevention-and-punishment-of-crimes-against-humanity-recommendations-to-states-on-the-prohibition-of-amnesties/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <a class="tag" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/">Reports and publications</a> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/policy-submission-victims-and-survivors-rights-in-a-convention-on-the-prevention-and-punishment-of-crimes-against-humanity/">Policy brief: Victims' and Survivors' Rights in a Convention on the Prevention and Puni...</a> </h3> <small>03.06.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> Global </div> <div class="summary"> The policy brief entitled “Victims’ and Survivors’ Rights in a Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes aga... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/policy-submission-victims-and-survivors-rights-in-a-convention-on-the-prevention-and-punishment-of-crimes-against-humanity/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> <a 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Opening of a trial for crimes against humanity and war crimes in South Kivu - TRIAL International