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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">보이기</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko" class=""><span>기부</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EC%96%B4%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다" class=""><span>계정 만들기</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EC%96%B4%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EC%96%B4%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EC%96%B4%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-어원" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#어원"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>어원</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-어원-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-역할과_관계" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#역할과_관계"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>역할과 관계</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-역할과_관계-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-모성애" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#모성애"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>모성애</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-모성애-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-보건과_안전" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#보건과_안전"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>보건과 안전</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-보건과_안전-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-폭력" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#폭력"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>폭력</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-폭력-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-예술" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#예술"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>예술</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-예술-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-각주-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>각주 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-내용주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#내용주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>내용주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-내용주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-참조주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#참조주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>참조주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-참조주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">어머니</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 150개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-150" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">150개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moeder" title="Moeder – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Moeder" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ina" title="Ina – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Ina" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mai" title="Mai – 아라곤어" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mai" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="아라곤어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C5%8Ddor" title="Mōdor – 고대 영어" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Mōdor" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="고대 영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85" title="أم – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%A1%DC%90_(%DC%92%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90)" title="ܐܡܐ (ܒܝܬܝܘܬܐ) – 아람어" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܡܐ (ܒܝܬܝܘܬܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="아람어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%83" title="মাতৃ – 아삼어" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মাতৃ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="아삼어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madre" title="Madre – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Madre" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayka" title="Tayka – 아이마라어" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Tayka" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="아이마라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana" title="Ana – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ana" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7" title="آنا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آنا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muada" title="Muada – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Muada" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muot%C4%ABna" title="Muotīna – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Muotīna" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ina" title="Ina – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ina" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyang" title="Eyang – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Eyang" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96" title="Маці – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Маці" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96" title="Маці – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Маці" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Майка – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Майка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="महतारी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="महतारी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uma" title="Uma – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Uma" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE" title="মা – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨ་མ། – 티베트어" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨ་མ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="티베트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamm" title="Mamm – 브르타뉴어" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mamm" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="브르타뉴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majka" title="Majka – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Majka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare" title="Mare – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mare" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B2ng-n%C4%81%CC%A4" title="Nòng-nā̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nòng-nā̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Нана – 체첸어" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Нана" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="체첸어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A4%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%A5" title="ᎤᏂᏥ – 체로키어" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎤᏂᏥ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="체로키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="دایک – 소라니 쿠르드어" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دایک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="소라니 쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neniy" title="Neniy – 크리민 터키어; 크리민 타타르어" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Neniy" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="크리민 터키어; 크리민 타타르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matka" title="Matka – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Matka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Мати – 교회 슬라브어" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Мати" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="교회 슬라브어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Анне – 추바시어" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Анне" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="추바시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mam" title="Mam – 웨일스어" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mam" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="웨일스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor" title="Mor – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mor" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma" title="Ma – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Ma" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutter" title="Mutter – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mutter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maye" title="Maye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Maye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Μητέρα – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μητέρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8der" title="Mèder – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Mèder" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother" title="Mother – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mother" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrino" title="Patrino – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Patrino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madre" title="Madre – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Madre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ema" title="Ema – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ema" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ama" title="Ama – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ama" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="مادر – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مادر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84iti" title="Äiti – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Äiti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8re" title="Mère – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mère" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mem" title="Mem – 서부 프리지아어" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mem" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="서부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%98" title="娘 – 간어" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="娘" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="간어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0thair" title="Màthair – 스코틀랜드 게일어" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Màthair" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="스코틀랜드 게일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nai" title="Nai – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nai" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B8%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9" title="𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌹 – 고트어" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌹" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="고트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/On%E1%BB%8D%CC%80" title="Onọ̀ – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Onọ̀" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82-m%C3%AA" title="Â-mê – 하카어" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Â-mê" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="하카어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%95%D7%AA" title="אימהות – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אימהות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="माता – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="माता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majka" title="Majka – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Majka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anya" title="Anya – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Anya" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80" title="Մայր – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մայր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibu" title="Ibu – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ibu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nne" title="Nne – 이그보어" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Nne" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="이그보어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matro" title="Matro – 이도어" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Matro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="이도어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3%C3%B0ir" title="Móðir – 아이슬란드어" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Móðir" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="아이슬란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madre" title="Madre – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Madre" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA" title="母親 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="母親" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibu" title="Ibu – 자바어" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ibu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="자바어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1yang" title="A̱yang – 티얍어" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱yang" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="티얍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ана – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ана" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF" title="ತಾಯಿ – 칸나다어" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ತಾಯಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="칸나다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC" title="موج – 카슈미르어" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="موج" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="카슈미르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayik" title="Dayik – 쿠르드어" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dayik" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mater" title="Mater – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mater" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamm" title="Mamm – 룩셈부르크어" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mamm" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="룩셈부르크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C3%A6" title="Moæ – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Moæ" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mader" title="Mader – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mader" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mam%C3%A1" title="Mamá – 링갈라어" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mamá" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="링갈라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motina" title="Motina – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Motina" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81te" title="Māte – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Māte" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81" title="माँ – 마이틸리어" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="माँ" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="마이틸리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reny" title="Reny – 말라가시어" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Reny" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="말라가시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ава – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Ава" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandeh" title="Mandeh – 미낭카바우어" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Mandeh" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="미낭카바우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мајка – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мајка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE" title="അമ്മ – 말라얄람어" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അമ്മ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="말라얄람어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯃꯄꯤ – 마니푸리어" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯄꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="마니푸리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88" title="आई – 마라티어" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आई" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="마라티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%92%D0%B2%D3%93" title="Ӓвӓ – 서부 마리어" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Ӓвӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="서부 마리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibu" title="Ibu – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ibu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%81%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="မိခင် – 버마어" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မိခင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="버마어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="مار – 마잔데라니어" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مار" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="마잔데라니어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moor_(meens)" title="Moor (meens) – 저지 색슨어" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Moor (meens)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="저지 색슨어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="आमा – 네팔어" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आमा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="네팔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81" title="माँ – 네와르어" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="माँ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="네와르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moeder" title="Moeder – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Moeder" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor" title="Mor – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mor" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor" title="Mor – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mor" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8re" title="Mère – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Mère" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maire" title="Maire – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Maire" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="ਮਾਂ – 펀잡어" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="펀잡어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memm" title="Memm – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Memm" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matka" title="Matka – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Matka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="ماں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ماں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="مور – 파슈토어" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مور" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="파슈토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A3e" title="Mãe – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mãe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamay" title="Mamay – 케추아어" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mamay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="케추아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mam%C4%83" title="Mamă – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mamă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Мать – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мать" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="माता – 산스크리트어" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="माता" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="산스크리트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="Ийэ – 야쿠트어" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ийэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="야쿠트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%B3" title="ᱟᱭᱳ – 산탈리어" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱭᱳ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="산탈리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matri" title="Matri – 시칠리아어" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Matri" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="시칠리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1%D9%8C" title="ماءٌ – 신디어" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ماءٌ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="신디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eadni" title="Eadni – 북부 사미어" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Eadni" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="북부 사미어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majka" title="Majka – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Majka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F" title="අම්මා – 싱할라어" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අම්මා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="싱할라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother" title="Mother – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mother" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matka_(biol%C3%B3gia)" title="Matka (biológia) – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Matka (biológia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mati" title="Mati – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mati" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amai" title="Amai – 쇼나어" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Amai" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="쇼나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooyo" title="Hooyo – 소말리아어" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Hooyo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="소말리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%ABna" title="Nëna – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nëna" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мајка – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мајка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moder" title="Moder – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Moder" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mama" title="Mama – 스와힐리어" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mama" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="스와힐리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/wina" title="wina – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="wina" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="தாய் – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%86" title="ಅಪ್ಪೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಅಪ್ಪೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE" title="అమ్మ – 텔루구어" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అమ్మ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="텔루구어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Модар – 타지크어" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Модар" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="타지크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88" title="แม่ – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แม่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ene" title="Ene – 투르크멘어" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ene" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="투르크멘어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ina" title="Ina – 타갈로그어" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="타갈로그어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne" title="Anne – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Anne" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Әни – 타타르어" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Әни" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="타타르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maame" title="Maame – 트위어" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Maame" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="트위어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Ава – 투비니안어" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Ава" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="투비니안어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Мати – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мати" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="ماں – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ماں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ona" title="Ona – 우즈베크어" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ona" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="우즈베크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%B9" title="Mẹ – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mẹ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mame" title="Mame – 왈론어" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Mame" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="왈론어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%B3y" title="Iróy – 와라이어" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Iróy" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="와라이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A7%86%E5%A6%88" title="姆妈 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="姆妈" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="מוטער – 이디시어" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מוטער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="이디시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cy%C3%A1" title="Ìyá – 요루바어" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìyá" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="요루바어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poete" title="Poete – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Poete" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> </p> <div class="dablink hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%8F%99%EC%9D%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%98%EC%96%B4_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="위키백과:동음이의어 문서"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/23px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/35px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/46px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> 다른 뜻에 대해서는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88_(%EB%8F%99%EC%9D%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%98)" class="mw-disambig" title="어머니 (동음이의)">어머니 (동음이의)</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <div class="dablink hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%8F%99%EC%9D%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%98%EC%96%B4_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="위키백과:동음이의어 문서"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/23px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/35px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/46px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>엄마</b>는 여기로 연결됩니다. 다른 뜻에 대해서는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%84%EB%A7%88_(%EB%8F%99%EC%9D%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%98)" class="mw-disambig" title="엄마 (동음이의)">엄마 (동음이의)</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:%E6%AF%8D-order.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/%E6%AF%8D-order.gif/150px-%E6%AF%8D-order.gif" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/%E6%AF%8D-order.gif/225px-%E6%AF%8D-order.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/%E6%AF%8D-order.gif 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>한자의 어머니 모</figcaption></figure> <p><b>어머니</b>는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%8B%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="자식">자식</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AC%EC%84%B1" title="여성">여성</a> <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EB%AA%A8" title="부모">부모</a>이다.<sup id="cite_ref-어머니01_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-어머니01-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>엄마</b>라고도 한다. <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" title="한국어">한국어</a>에서 <b>어머님</b>은 시어머니<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, 장모<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, 또는 다른 사람의 어머니를 높여부르기 위해 쓰이는 말<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>로 자신의 살아계신 어머니를 가리키는 경우에는 쓰지 않는다.<sup id="cite_ref-언어예절_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-언어예절-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 다른 사람의 어머니를 높여 부르는 말에는 <b>자당</b>(慈堂)과 같은 말이 있고<sup id="cite_ref-언어예절_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-언어예절-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, 자신의 어머니를 높여 부를 때에는 <b>자친</b>(慈親)이라고 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>어머니는 자신이 아닌 다른 사람의 입장에서 그의 여성 부모를 가리키는 말로도 쓰인다.<sup id="cite_ref-어머니01_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-어머니01-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 일반적으로 어머니를 높여 부를 땐 <b>모친</b>(母親)이라고 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%B0%EB%8A%90%EB%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="며느리">며느리</a>를 <a href="/wiki/%EC%86%90%EC%9E%90" class="mw-disambig" title="손자">손자</a>의 입장에서 부를 때나 어머니가 자식에게 스스로를 낮추어 부를 때 <b>어미</b>라고 하고<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, 간혹 <b>어멈</b>이라고 부르기도 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>주해 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>어머니는 생물학적인 관계뿐만 아니라 사회적 관계를 가리키기도 한다. 자식을 직접 낳은 유전학적인 어머니는 <b>생모</b>(生母), <b>친어머니</b>라고 하고, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%B2%84%EC%A7%80" title="아버지">아버지</a>가 사별이나 이혼과 같은 이유로 새로 결혼하여 맞이한 어머니는 <b>의붓어머니</b> , <b>계모</b>, <b>새어머니</b>와 같이 불린다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%85%EC%96%91" title="입양">입양</a>된 가정의 어머니는 <b>양어머니</b>, 입양하지 않았더라도 <a href="/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EA%B2%AC%EC%9D%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="후견인">후견</a>을 하여준 경우는 <b>수양어머니</b>라고 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 가족 관계에 있지 않은 경우에도 자신의 어머니와 비슷한 나이의 여성을 어머니라 부르기도 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-어머니01_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-어머니01-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>과학기술의 발달로 다른 남녀의 수정체를 이식하여 출산하는 경우가 생겼다. 이 경우 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%A6%AC%EB%AA%A8" title="대리모">대리모</a>라는 명칭이 쓰인다. 대리모의 법률적 인정 여부는 국가마다 다르며 여전히 뜨거운 논쟁거리이다.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 어머니와 비슷한 말로는 엄마, 어미, 어멈 등이 있다 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="어원"><span id=".EC.96.B4.EC.9B.90"></span>어원</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%96%B4%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 어원"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>신라시대의 학자 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B5%9C%EC%B9%98%EC%9B%90" title="최치원">최치원</a>이 지은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%8F%99_%EC%8C%8D%EA%B3%84%EC%82%AC_%EC%A7%84%EA%B0%90%EC%84%A0%EC%82%AC%ED%83%91%EB%B9%84" title="하동 쌍계사 진감선사탑비">하동 쌍계사 진감선사탑비</a>의 비문에 阿㜷가 어머니를 가리키는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EB%9D%BC%EC%96%B4" title="신라어">신라어</a>라고 기록되어 있어<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 신라 시대에 이미 어미라는 말이 쓰였다는 것을 알 수 있다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="역할과_관계"><span id=".EC.97.AD.ED.95.A0.EA.B3.BC_.EA.B4.80.EA.B3.84"></span>역할과 관계</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%96%B4%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 역할과 관계"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311305">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%A1%B1%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%ED%95%99" title="가족사회학">가족사회학</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="인간">인간</a>을 포함한 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EC%9C%A0%EB%A5%98" title="포유류">포유류</a>는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%84%EC%8B%A0" title="임신">임신</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B6%9C%EC%82%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="출산">출산</a>을 통해 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%8B%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="자식">자식</a>을 낳고 길러 <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EC%8B%9D" title="생식">세대 재생산</a>을 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 인간의 아이는 미숙한 채로 태어나기 때문에 오랜 시간 동안 부모의 양육을 필요로 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-한나_홈스_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-한나_홈스-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%A5%98%ED%95%99" title="인류학">인류학</a>에서는 부모의 양육 역할에 다양한 방식이 있다는 것을 보고하고 있다. 출산은 분명 여성만이 할 수 있는 역할이지만, 양육의 분담 형태는 매우 다양하다. 일부 인류 집단에서는 양육이 여의치 않은 경우 어머니가 자식을 죽이는 일을 자연스럽게 받아들이기도 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-한나_홈스_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-한나_홈스-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>출산과 양육, 그리고 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%A1%B1" title="가족">가족</a> 관계에서 어머니의 역할은 생물학적 역할과 사회적 역할로 구분할 수 있다. 19세기까지도 많은 문화에서 여성의 생물학적 차이를 이유로 양육의 책임을 어머니에게 전가하는 일이 당연시되었다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%A7%88%EB%88%84%EC%97%98_%EC%B9%B8%ED%8A%B8" title="이마누엘 칸트">이마누엘 칸트</a>는 여성과 남성의 생물학적 차이로 인해 가족 관계 내에서도 역할이 다르며 그 역할은 서로 상보적이지만 남성성이야 말로 만물의 척도이기 때문에 여성에게 동등한 권리를 줄 수 없다는 차별적인 주장을 펼쳤다.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 칸트의 이러한 주장은 18세기와 19세기의 남성 철학자들 다수에게서 볼 수 있는 일반적인 견해였다. 이들은 상보적 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1_%EC%97%AD%ED%95%A0" title="성 역할">성 역할</a> 이론으로 <b>모성</b>을 미화하고 숭배하였다. 철학의 모성 숭배는 18세기 후반에서 19세기에 이르는 사이 정점을 찍었다.<sup id="cite_ref-거다_러너_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-거다_러너-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 초기 여성주의 저술가들은 자신들의 주장을 모성의 관점에서 옹호하는 일도 있었으나<sup id="cite_ref-거다_러너_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-거다_러너-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, 이후 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AC%EC%84%B1%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EC%B2%A0%ED%95%99" title="여성주의 철학">여성주의 철학</a>은 신화적인 모성 숭배가 만들어낸 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AC%EC%84%B1%EC%84%B1" title="여성성">여성성</a>인 "이상적인 모성" 이 오히려 여성에 대한 억압의 근거로 작용하였다고 지적한다.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>여성주의는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%B6%80%EC%9E%A5%EC%A0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="가부장제">가부장</a>을 정점으로 하는 공동체로 가족을 설명하는 기능주의적 묘사가 불평등을 감추기 위한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%8D%B0%EC%98%AC%EB%A1%9C%EA%B8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="이데올로기">이데올로기</a>라고 비판한다.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 여성주의자들은 가부장제가 미화하는 이상적 모성은 강요된 것으로 현실에서는 사회 제도가 임신과 출산, 양육, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%82%AC_%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%99" class="mw-redirect" title="가사 노동">가사 노동</a> 등을 전적으로 여성에게 떠미는 수단이 될 뿐이라고 본다.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 현실에서 여성은 출산에 대해 일방적인 압박을 느끼며<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, 가족 관계 내에서 어머니의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1_%EC%97%AD%ED%95%A0" title="성 역할">성 역할</a>은 오늘날에도 여전히 사회적 갈등 요소이다.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 그러나 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C2%EC%84%B8%EB%8C%80_%EC%97%AC%EC%84%B1%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="제2세대 여성주의">제2세대 여성주의</a>의 출현 이후 여성주의 일각에서는 모성 자체를 거부하는 것 역시 반여성적이라는 비판도 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이들은 모성을 "인간적 모성"과 "가부장적 모성"으로 나누고 가부장제에 의해 이데올로기화된 모성이 아닌 생명, 소통, 평화 등을 기반으로 한 인간적 모성의 실현을 강조한다.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>한편, 가족의 역할에 대한 인식은 계속하여 변화하고 있는데, 역사 속에서 할머니와 아버지, 할아버지 등의 역할이 새롭게 조명되기도 하고<sup id="cite_ref-한나_홈스_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-한나_홈스-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, 최근에는 아버지의 양육 의무가 강조되기도 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="모성애"><span id=".EB.AA.A8.EC.84.B1.EC.95.A0"></span>모성애</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%96%B4%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 모성애"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>모성애(母性愛)는 자식에 대한 어머니의 본능적인 사랑을 가리킬 때 사용하는 말로 일반적으로 여성과 남성이 자녀의 출산 및 성장에 있어서 갖게 되는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%9E%91" title="사랑">사랑</a> 중 여성의 경우에 해당한다. 한편 이러한 모성애가 박탈되는 환경 즉 모성애박탈(母性愛剝奪)은 어린아이의 성장기 발달 초기에 어머니 또는 이러한 영향력을 제공할 수 있는 양육자로부터 애정 어린 보살핌을 받지 못하는 상태. 또는 그러한 상태를 체험하는 경험으로서 아이의 장차 여성상 형성에 매우 중요한 계기가 되어주는 경험의 결핍으로 애착 형성 곤란, 성장 및 지적 발달 지연, 상황의 긍정적 해결에 있어서 좀 더 불안정한 인식을 야기할 수 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="보건과_안전"><span id=".EB.B3.B4.EA.B1.B4.EA.B3.BC_.EC.95.88.EC.A0.84"></span>보건과 안전</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%96%B4%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 보건과 안전"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%84%EC%82%B0%EB%B6%80_%EC%82%AC%EB%A7%9D%EB%A5%A0" title="임산부 사망률">임산부 사망률</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EB%B3%B4%EA%B1%B4%EA%B8%B0%EA%B5%AC" title="세계보건기구">세계보건기구</a>는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%84%EC%82%B0%EB%B6%80_%EC%82%AC%EB%A7%9D%EB%A5%A0" title="임산부 사망률">임산부 사망률</a>의 집계 기준을 "여성이 임신 중에 있거나 출산, 중절, 또는 여타의 이유를 막론하고 임신이 종료 된 뒤 42일 이내에 사망한 경우"로 하고 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 세계보건기구에서 집계되는 임산부 사망 건수 가운데 58%는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%95%98%EB%9D%BC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%82%A8_%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4" title="사하라 이남 아프리카">사하라 이남 아프리카</a>에서, 29%는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EC%95%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="남아시아">남아시아</a>에서 일어난다.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%8C_%EB%8D%94_%EC%B9%A0%EB%93%9C%EB%9F%B0" title="세이브 더 칠드런">세이브 더 칠드런</a>의 2006년 조사에서는 출산 위험률이 가장 높은 곳으로 사하라 이남 아프리카를, 가장 안전한 곳으로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B8%EB%94%94%EB%82%98%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84" title="스칸디나비아">스칸디나비아</a>를 꼽았다.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="폭력"><span id=".ED.8F.AD.EB.A0.A5"></span>폭력</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%96%B4%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 폭력"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>어머니와 자식 사이에는 폭력이 발생하기도 한다. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%84_101%EB%85%84" class="mw-redirect" title="기원전 101년">기원전 101년</a>에 사망한 <a href="/wiki/%ED%81%B4%EB%A0%88%EC%98%A4%ED%8C%8C%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC_3%EC%84%B8_%ED%95%84%EB%A1%9C%EB%A9%94%ED%86%A0%EB%A5%B4_%EC%86%8C%ED%85%8C%EC%9D%B4%EB%9D%BC" title="클레오파트라 3세 필로메토르 소테이라">클레오파트라 3세</a>는 자식 간의 왕위 문제에 개입하였다가 결국 아들에게 살해되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2012년 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="미국">미국</a>의 살인 사건 집계 가운데 자식이 어머니를 살해한 경우는 130건, 어머니가 자식을 살해한 경우는 383 건이었다.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 한국에서는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EB%9E%98%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%84" title="서래마을">서래마을</a>의 외국인 가정에서 일어난 영아살해 사건이 사회적 관심을 받기도 하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="예술"><span id=".EC.98.88.EC.88.A0"></span>예술</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%96%B4%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 예술"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Portrait_of_a_woman_holding_a_baby_(I0024828).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Portrait_of_a_woman_holding_a_baby_%28I0024828%29.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_a_woman_holding_a_baby_%28I0024828%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Portrait_of_a_woman_holding_a_baby_%28I0024828%29.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_a_woman_holding_a_baby_%28I0024828%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Portrait_of_a_woman_holding_a_baby_%28I0024828%29.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_a_woman_holding_a_baby_%28I0024828%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5220" data-file-height="7783" /></a><figcaption>아기를 안고 있는 여성의 초상화 (1900년에서 1920년 사이)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Cimitero_di_Staglieno,_statue_of_mother_and_children-img114.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cimitero_di_Staglieno%2C_statue_of_mother_and_children-img114.jpg/220px-Cimitero_di_Staglieno%2C_statue_of_mother_and_children-img114.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cimitero_di_Staglieno%2C_statue_of_mother_and_children-img114.jpg/330px-Cimitero_di_Staglieno%2C_statue_of_mother_and_children-img114.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cimitero_di_Staglieno%2C_statue_of_mother_and_children-img114.jpg/440px-Cimitero_di_Staglieno%2C_statue_of_mother_and_children-img114.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4864" data-file-height="6645" /></a><figcaption>스태글리에노 기념비에 있는 아이들을 동반한 어머니의 동상</figcaption></figure> <p>어머니는 오랫 동안 예술 작품의 주요 소재가 되어 왔다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90" title="기독교">기독교</a>의 영향이 깊은 문화에서는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EB%AA%A8" title="성모">성모</a>에 대한 숭배 전통이 있어 왔고, 이들은 어머니 마리아와 아들 예수를 표현한 다수의 예술품을 남겼다.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC_%EC%B9%B4%EC%82%AC%ED%8A%B8" title="메리 카사트">메리 카사트</a>는 어머니와 자녀가 함께 있는 모습을 자주 그렸다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%89%EC%8B%AC_%EA%B3%A0%EB%A6%AC%ED%82%A4" title="막심 고리키">막심 고리키</a>의 《<a href="/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88_(%EC%86%8C%EC%84%A4)" title="어머니 (소설)">어머니</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%A0%81_%EC%82%AC%EC%8B%A4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="사회주의적 사실주의">사회주의적 사실주의</a>의 관점에서 모성을 그린 소설이다.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EC%BC%80%ED%85%8C_%EC%BD%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%B8%A0" title="케테 콜비츠">케테 콜비츠</a>는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="전쟁">전쟁</a>이야말로 자식잃은 어미의 가장 큰 적이라고 보았고 모성을 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%89%ED%99%94" title="평화">평화</a>의 근간으로 파악하는 작품을 많이 남겼다.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%86%A8%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B8%8C%EB%A0%88%ED%9E%88%ED%8A%B8" title="베르톨트 브레히트">베르톨트 브레히트</a>는 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%96%B5%EC%B2%99%EC%96%B4%EB%A9%88%EA%B3%BC_%EA%B7%B8_%EC%9E%90%EC%8B%9D%EB%93%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="억척어멈과 그 자식들 (없는 문서)">억척어멈과 그 자식들</a>》을 통해서 전쟁의 덧없음을 그렸다.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%ED%98%9C%EC%84%9D" title="나혜석">나혜석</a>은 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%AA%A8_%EB%90%9C_%EA%B0%90%EC%83%81%EA%B8%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="모 된 감상기 (없는 문서)">모 된 감상기</a>》에서 자신이 자식을 낳고 기른 경험을 통해 신화로 만들어진 "본능적인 모성"을 부정하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%96%B4%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480479">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480595">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/80px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0" title="위키데이터">위키데이터</a></b>에 관련 속성이 있습니다. <div style="padding-left:1em;"><ul><li><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:p25" class="extiw" title="d:Property:p25">친어머니 <small>(P25)</small></a></b><br />(<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikiData_item_%20%3FWikiData_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FKorean_WikiPedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikiData_item_%20wdt%3Ap25%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20p25%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20WikiData%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FKorean_WikiPedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikiData_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fko.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20Korean%20WikiPedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22ko%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22ko%22%20is%20Korean.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">사용 현황</a></span>)</li></ul></div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480479"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480595"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%AF%B8%EB%94%94%EC%96%B4_%EA%B3%B5%EC%9A%A9" title="위키미디어 공용">위키미디어 공용</a></b>에 관련된<br />미디어 분류가 있습니다.<div style="padding-left:1em;"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mothers?uselang=ko">어머니</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%A1%B1" title="가족">가족</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EB%AA%A8" title="부모">부모</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%B2%84%EC%A7%80" title="아버지">아버지</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EA%B3%84%EB%B6%88%ED%99%95%EC%8B%A4%EC%84%B1" title="부계불확실성">부계불확실성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1_%EC%97%AD%ED%95%A0" title="성 역할">성 역할</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%84%EC%8B%A0" title="임신">임신</a>·<a href="/wiki/%EC%B6%9C%EC%82%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="출산">출산</a>·<a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A1%EC%95%84" class="mw-redirect" title="육아">육아</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%B4%EA%B1%B4%EB%B2%95" title="모자보건법">모자보건법</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%A1%B1%EA%B3%84%ED%9A%8D" title="가족계획">가족계획</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%EB%B6%80%EB%AA%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="양부모">양부모</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%82%B4" title="아내">아내</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%96%B4%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88&action=edit&section=8" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="내용주"><span id=".EB.82.B4.EC.9A.A9.EC.A3.BC"></span>내용주</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%96%B4%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88&action=edit&section=9" title="부분 편집: 내용주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">어멈은 원래 어미를 대접하여 부르는 말이었지만(국립국어원 표준국어대사전), 낮은 계급의 나이든 여성을 가리키는 경우로도 쓰였기 때문에 현대 언어로서는 잘 쓰이지 않는다.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="참조주"><span id=".EC.B0.B8.EC.A1.B0.EC.A3.BC"></span>참조주</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%96%B4%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88&action=edit&section=10" title="부분 편집: 참조주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-어머니01-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-어머니01_1-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-어머니01_1-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-어머니01_1-2">다</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">어머니_01, 국립국어원 표준국어대사전</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">결혼한 여성의 남편의 어머니</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">결혼한 남성의 부인의 어머니</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">어머님, 국립국어원 표준국어대사전</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-언어예절-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-언어예절_5-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-언어예절_5-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.korean.go.kr/nkview/news/93/8_7.htm">부모에 대한 호칭어·지칭어</a>, 국립국어원 언어예절</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">자친, 국립국어원 표준국어대사전</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">모친, 국립국어원 표준국어대사전</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">어미_01, 국립국어원 표준국어대사전</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">국립국어원 표준국어대사전 참조</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hankookilbo.com/v/fe4f97b1d5a94c1188f4362e89f41467">대리모 허용, 불허하는 국가들</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4" title="한국일보">한국일보</a>, 2015년 12월 23일</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.history.go.kr/item/level.do?sort=levelId&dir=ASC&start=1&limit=20&page=1&setId=-1&prevPage=0&prevLimit=&itemId=gskr&types=&synonym=off&chinessChar=on&levelId=gskr_010_0010_0060_0030&position=-1">역주 한국고대금석문 제3책 통일신라 비문(1) 쌍계사 진감선사탑비, 해석문</a>, 한국사데이터베이스</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancy/conditioninfo/Pages/default.aspx">Pregnancy: Condition Information</a>, NIH</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-한나_홈스-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-한나_홈스_14-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-한나_홈스_14-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-한나_홈스_14-2">다</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">한나 홈스, 박종성 역, 《인간생태보고서: 먹고, 싸우고, 사랑하는 일에 관한 동물학적 관찰기》, 웅진지식하우스, 2010년, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r38117996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-89-01-10807-0" title="특수:책찾기/978-89-01-10807-0">978-89-01-10807-0</a>, 281-332쪽</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">론다 쉬빈저, 조성숙 역, 《두뇌는 평등하다》, 서해문집, 2007년, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-89-7483-327-5" title="특수:책찾기/978-89-7483-327-5">978-89-7483-327-5</a>, 310쪽</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-거다_러너-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-거다_러너_16-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-거다_러너_16-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">거다 러너, 《역사 속의 페미니스트 - 중세에서 1870년까지》, 평민사, 2007년, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-89-7115-485-4" title="특수:책찾기/978-89-7115-485-4">978-89-7115-485-4</a>, 389쪽</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">임정빈, 정혜정, 《성역할과 여성 - 여성학 강의》, 학지사, 1997년, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/89-7548-116-6" title="특수:책찾기/89-7548-116-6">89-7548-116-6</a>, 243-246쪽</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">한국여성연구소, 《새 여성학강의》, 동녘, 1999년, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/89-7297-405-6" title="특수:책찾기/89-7297-405-6">89-7297-405-6</a>, 187-191쪽</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">한국여성연구소, 《새 여성학강의》, 동녘, 1999년, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/89-7297-405-6" title="특수:책찾기/89-7297-405-6">89-7297-405-6</a>, 197-202쪽</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.khan.co.kr/kh_news/khan_art_view.html?artid=201701240913001&code=620116">“애 지울 용기없다” 30대 여성 숨진 채 발견</a>, 경향신문, 2017년 1월 24일</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hankookilbo.com/v/ef6acb4823624f2d8945b24dfda54be6">“아들 性교육, 남자인 내가…” 일방적 생각이 양육갈등 불러</a>, 한국일보, 2016년 10월 17일</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">조형, 《여성주의 가치와 모성 리더쉽》, 이화여자대학교출판부, 2005년, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/89-7300-648-7" title="특수:책찾기/89-7300-648-7">89-7300-648-7</a>, 92쪽</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">곽삼근, 《여성주의 교육학 - 학습리더쉽의 출현과 의미》, 이화여자대학교출판부, 2008년, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-89-7300-807-0" title="특수:책찾기/978-89-7300-807-0">978-89-7300-807-0</a>, 57-58쪽</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.segye.com/content/html/2016/12/22/20161222004006.html">저출산 극복, 일·가정 양립이 해법</a>, 세계일보, 2016년 12월 22일</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">우리말샘 - 모성애 및 모성애박탈</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riss.kr/search/detail/DetailView.do?p_mat_type=be54d9b8bc7cdb09&control_no=251f3b331c137446">모성애척도의 구성-부산대학교 대학원 : 심리학과 1991,RISS</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/indmaternalmortality/en/">"WHO - Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births)"</a>. who.int.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/news/over-99-percent-of-maternal-deaths-occur-in-developing-countries">"Over 99 percent of maternal deaths occur in developing countries"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131002211837/http://data.worldbank.org/news/over-99-percent-of-maternal-deaths-occur-in-developing-countries">Archived</a> 2013년 10월 2일 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a>. worldbank.org.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012211639/http://www.savethechildren.net/alliance/what_we_do/newsdesk/2006-05-08b.html">State of the World's Mothers Report 2006</a>, Save the Children</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://virtualreligion.net/iho/ptolemy_10.html">Ptolemy X Alexander</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2012/crime-in-the-u.s.-2012/offenses-known-to-law-enforcement/expanded-homicide/expanded_homicide_data_table_10_murder_circumstances_by_relationship_2012.xls">"Crime in the United States: Murder Circumstances by Relationship, 2012"</a>. U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved 3 July 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/bulletin/2016/06/03/0200000000AKR20160603190200004.HTML?input=1195m">한국의 과학수사 ② 99.99%의 확실성 DNA의 증거능력</a>, 연합뉴스, 2016년 6월 4일</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">마가렛 스타버드, 임경아 역, 《성배와 잃어버린 장미 - 다빈치 코드의 비밀》, 루비박스, 2004년, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/89-9112-417-8" title="특수:책찾기/89-9112-417-8">89-9112-417-8</a>, 159-160쪽</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">막심 고리키, 이강은 역, 《어머니》, 푸른숲주니어, 2008년, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-89-7184-782-4" title="특수:책찾기/978-89-7184-782-4">978-89-7184-782-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">김병옥, 《도이치문학 용어사전》, 서울대학교출판부, 2001년, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-89-5210-249-2" title="특수:책찾기/978-89-5210-249-2">978-89-5210-249-2</a>, 450쪽</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://woman.donga.com/3/all/12/135047/1">자식 잃은 어머니의 안타까운 절규 ‘전쟁은 이제 그만’</a>, 동아일보, 2006년 4월 4일</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">페터 브라운, 홍이정 역, 《색다른 문학사》, 좋은책만들기, 2008년, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-89-9253-813-8" title="특수:책찾기/978-89-9253-813-8">978-89-9253-813-8</a>, 222-223쪽</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">이상경, 《한국근대여성문학사론》, 소명, 2002년, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-89-5626-005-1" title="특수:책찾기/978-89-5626-005-1">978-89-5626-005-1</a>, 190쪽</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EA%B0%80%EC%A1%B1" title="틀:가족"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EA%B0%80%EC%A1%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="틀토론:가족 (없는 문서)"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EA%B0%80%EC%A1%B1" title="특수:문서편집/틀:가족"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="가족" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%A1%B1" title="가족">가족</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B5%EA%B0%80%EC%A1%B1" title="핵가족">직계</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%B0%EC%9A%B0%EC%9E%90" title="배우자">배우자</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%ED%8E%B8" title="남편">남편</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%82%B4" title="아내">아내</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EB%AA%A8" title="부모">부모</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%B2%84%EC%A7%80" title="아버지">아버지</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">어머니</a></li></ul></li> <li>자녀 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%93%A4" title="아들">아들</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%94%B8" title="딸">딸</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%98%95%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%90%EB%A7%A4" title="형제자매">형제자매</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%98%95%EC%A0%9C" title="형제">형제</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EB%A7%A4" title="자매">자매</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">확대가족</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EB%B6%80%EB%AA%A8" title="조부모">조부모</a> <ul><li>할아버지</li> <li>할머니</li></ul></li> <li>외조부모 <ul><li>외할아버지</li> <li>외할머니</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%A0%80%EC%94%A8" title="아저씨">아저씨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%A3%BC%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88" class="mw-redirect" title="아주머니">아주머니</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%B9%B4" title="조카">조카</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%B4%8C" title="사촌">사촌</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EC%B2%99" title="인척">인척</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%B6%80%EB%AA%A8" title="시부모">시부모</a> <ul><li>시아버지</li> <li>시어머니</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%98%EB%B6%80%EB%AA%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="처부모">처부모</a> <ul><li>장인</li> <li>장모</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9C%84" class="mw-redirect" title="사위">사위</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%B0%EB%8A%90%EB%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="며느리">며느리</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%9C%EC%A1%B1" title="친족">친족</a></th><td 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36429174"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7560#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7560#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%A0%84%EA%B1%B0_%ED%86%B5%EC%A0%9C" title="위키백과:전거 통제">전거 통제</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7560#identifiers" title="위키데이터에서 편집하기"><img alt="위키데이터에서 편집하기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">국가</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Madres"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX527314">스페인</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr 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