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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>The 1740s log farmhouse</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_1740s_log_farmhouse-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The 1740s log farmhouse subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_1740s_log_farmhouse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_timbering:_Blockstanderbau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_timbering:_Blockstanderbau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>The timbering: <i>Blockstanderbau</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_timbering:_Blockstanderbau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_floorplan:_Durchgaengiges_Haus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_floorplan:_Durchgaengiges_Haus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>The floorplan: <i>Durchgaengiges Haus</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_floorplan:_Durchgaengiges_Haus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_summer_kitchen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_summer_kitchen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The summer kitchen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_summer_kitchen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outbuildings_at_the_log_farmhouse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outbuildings_at_the_log_farmhouse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Outbuildings at the log farmhouse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outbuildings_at_the_log_farmhouse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_1778_stone_farmhouse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_1778_stone_farmhouse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>The 1778 stone farmhouse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_1778_stone_farmhouse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_1885_mill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_1885_mill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>The 1885 mill</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_1885_mill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hess_Homestead_restoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hess_Homestead_restoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Hess Homestead restoration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hess_Homestead_restoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=The_Hess_Homestead&params=40.1538_N_76.2863_W_type:landmark_globe:earth_region:US-PA"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°09′14″N</span> <span class="longitude">76°17′11″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.1538°N 76.2863°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.1538; -76.2863</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historic farmstead in Pennsylvania</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hess_Homestead_Buildings_in_Winter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hess_Homestead_Buildings_in_Winter.jpg/300px-Hess_Homestead_Buildings_in_Winter.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hess_Homestead_Buildings_in_Winter.jpg/450px-Hess_Homestead_Buildings_in_Winter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hess_Homestead_Buildings_in_Winter.jpg/600px-Hess_Homestead_Buildings_in_Winter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3932" data-file-height="2636" /></a><figcaption>The 1740s log farmhouse, with the summer kitchen, log garage, tool shed, and stone spring house</figcaption></figure> <p><b>The Hess Homestead</b>, in <a href="/wiki/Lancaster_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster County, Pennsylvania">Lancaster County, Pennsylvania</a>, is a historic <a href="/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites">Mennonite</a> farmstead near the town of <a href="/wiki/Lititz,_Pennsylvania" title="Lititz, Pennsylvania">Lititz</a>. The property is an ancestral home of the Hess family,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who purchased the land from <a href="/wiki/William_Penn" title="William Penn">William Penn</a>'s sons in 1735. </p><p>The primary buildings at this site were constructed by the Hess family in the 18th century, including a 1740s log farmhouse, a 1778 stone farmhouse, and a 1769 oil mill. Both houses served as church meeting houses for the local Mennonite community until 1856, when the first Hess Mennonite church building was constructed nearby.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The homestead structures survive today, on several adjoining properties, as examples of <a href="/wiki/Vernacular_architecture" title="Vernacular architecture">vernacular architecture</a> of the Pennsylvania Germans. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hess_family_history">Hess family history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hess_Homestead&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Hess family history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The farmstead was first surveyed in 1730 as a 200-acre tract<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for Johannes Hess' grandfather, Hans Hess (ca. 1683-1733). This Hess patriarch immigrated to <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> in 1717 with his wife Magdalena (ca. 1688-1767) and their children from Germany or Switzerland. Hans and Magdalena are the first Hess immigrants known to arrive in America.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hans and Magdalena's oldest son Jacob Hess (c. 1706-1741) built the first house on this tract, circa 1730s, with wife Veronica. This Hess family received title to the farm from the <a href="/wiki/William_Penn" title="William Penn">William Penn</a> family in 1735. </p><p>The present log farmhouse was built ca. 1744 for Jacob's widow Veronica and their children.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their oldest son Johannes (1730-1778) was the next owner, with wife Susanna Landis Hess. In 1784 their eldest son Christian Hess (1757-1816) received this farmstead. Six years later, in 1790, Christian deeded this part of the farm to his brother, John Hess ( 1768-1830), and wife Esther Hershey Hess (1769-1824). </p><p>The next farmstead owners were John and Esther Hess' youngest son Henry Hess, and wife Catherine Huber Hess. In turn, their youngest son became the next owner, Mennonite preacher Jonas Hess, with wife Annie Franck Hess, followed by their son Henry F. Hess and wife Anna C. Shenk. </p><p>In 1922 the farmstead left the Hess family until 1985 when it was purchased by Clarke E. Hess,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a descendant of the immigrant Hans Hess. Clarke Hess spent several years restoring the buildings for use as his residence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_1740s_log_farmhouse">The 1740s log farmhouse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hess_Homestead&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The 1740s log farmhouse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hess_Homestead_Cornerpost.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Hess_Homestead_Cornerpost.jpg/200px-Hess_Homestead_Cornerpost.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Hess_Homestead_Cornerpost.jpg/300px-Hess_Homestead_Cornerpost.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Hess_Homestead_Cornerpost.jpg/400px-Hess_Homestead_Cornerpost.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2268" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption>A cornerpost of the log farmhouse</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_timbering:_Blockstanderbau">The timbering: <i>Blockstanderbau</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hess_Homestead&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The timbering: Blockstanderbau"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The log <a href="/wiki/Farmhouse" title="Farmhouse">farmhouse</a> at the Hess Homestead is constructed with a Germanic architectural technique known as <i>Blockstanderbau</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> featuring vertical log corner posts, with many other vertical and diagonal timbers. </p><p>Colonial Pennsylvania house builders brought corner-post traditions with them from Europe. This form of post-and-beam construction is widespread throughout Germanic Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This corner-post design is unusual for historic Pennsylvania log houses. Most 18th century log houses in Pennsylvania used a V-notch for joining corners, rather than using corner posts. This Hess house is considered one of the most elaborate surviving examples of <i>Blockstanderbau</i> corner-post design.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Blockstanderbau</i> houses are, in effect, half-timbered houses. The horizontal timbers are for infill, rather than for load-bearing support. These horizontals serve the same function as brick infill or <a href="/wiki/Wattle-and-daub" class="mw-redirect" title="Wattle-and-daub">wattle-and-daub</a> filler in other half-timber framing. </p><p>The Hess log farmhouse originally had 33 vertical posts, of which most survive. The horizontal timbers are tenoned into mortises chiseled into the posts. At each <a href="/wiki/Mortise_and_tenon" title="Mortise and tenon">mortise and tenon</a> is a chiseled-in guide symbol, consisting of a Roman numeral or other directional mark. Each corner has two interior diagonal braces. The four corner posts are tenoned into interlocking sill logs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_floorplan:_Durchgaengiges_Haus">The floorplan: <i>Durchgaengiges Haus</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hess_Homestead&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The floorplan: Durchgaengiges Haus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hess_Homestead_Log_Farmhouse_Floorplan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Hess_Homestead_Log_Farmhouse_Floorplan.jpg/220px-Hess_Homestead_Log_Farmhouse_Floorplan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Hess_Homestead_Log_Farmhouse_Floorplan.jpg/330px-Hess_Homestead_Log_Farmhouse_Floorplan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Hess_Homestead_Log_Farmhouse_Floorplan.jpg/440px-Hess_Homestead_Log_Farmhouse_Floorplan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1042" /></a><figcaption>Floorplan of the log farmhouse during its first period in the 1700s</figcaption></figure> <p>The log farmhouse's primary front door opens into a central hallway which is surrounded by a nonsymmetrical arrangement of interior rooms, including the <i>Kueche</i> (kitchen), <i>Stube</i> (stove room), and <i>Arbeitsraum</i> (work room). </p><p>Although this central hallways is suggestive of the English central hallways of Pennsylvania's Georgian houses, this hallway's DNA is more Germanic than British. Architecture historians describe these houses as <i>durchgaengiges Haus</i> (through-passage house).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This floorplan has deep roots in Germany's rural architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prototypes for Pennsylvania's <i>durchgaengiges</i> floorplans are illustrated in German books as early as the 17th century. </p><p>The <i>Stube</i> (stove room) was heated by a five-plate stove fed from a small fireplace in the central hallway. Beneath the stove room is a vaulted <a href="/wiki/Root_cellar" title="Root cellar">root cellar</a> for food storage. This stove room also served as the <i>Kammer</i> (parents' bedroom). </p><p>The second floor's walls were heightened, ca. 1813, to a full story from the original half-story height, using dove-tailed corner timbering. The original, hand-hewn rafters were reused, and a full attic was added, included a <i>Rauchkammer</i> (smoke room) for smoking meats with smoke from the stovepipe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_summer_kitchen">The summer kitchen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hess_Homestead&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The summer kitchen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hess_Homestead_Summer_Kitchen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hess_Homestead_Summer_Kitchen.jpg/250px-Hess_Homestead_Summer_Kitchen.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hess_Homestead_Summer_Kitchen.jpg/375px-Hess_Homestead_Summer_Kitchen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hess_Homestead_Summer_Kitchen.jpg/500px-Hess_Homestead_Summer_Kitchen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3761" data-file-height="2583" /></a><figcaption>The summer kitchen, built ca. 1850 by Henry and Catherine Hess</figcaption></figure> <p>This frame building was built ca. 1850,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adjoining the log farmhouse. Henry Hess (1794-1867) constructed the building over a vaulted root cellar, which is one of three arch cellars at this homestead. Included in the building is a walk-in <a href="/wiki/Fireplace" title="Fireplace">fireplace</a>, previously used for butchering, making soap, heating laundry water, etc. A brick squirrel-tail bakeoven was located outside, attached to the fireplace. </p><p>A hand pump in the building was used for pumping water from an underground <a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">cistern</a>, which stored rain water from the kitchen's roof. Outside the summer kitchen was a <a href="/wiki/Windmill" title="Windmill">windmill</a> to pump water from the well. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Outbuildings_at_the_log_farmhouse">Outbuildings at the log farmhouse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hess_Homestead&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Outbuildings at the log farmhouse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 247.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 245.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spring_House_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The 1829 springhouse"><img alt="The 1829 springhouse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Spring_House_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg/368px-Spring_House_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg" decoding="async" width="246" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Spring_House_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg/551px-Spring_House_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Spring_House_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg/735px-Spring_House_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="669" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The 1829 springhouse</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 141.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 139.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tool_shed_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The tool shed"><img alt="The tool shed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Tool_shed_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg/209px-Tool_shed_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Tool_shed_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg/314px-Tool_shed_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Tool_shed_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg/419px-Tool_shed_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg 2x" data-file-width="653" data-file-height="748" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The tool shed</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 248px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 246px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_ca._1785_Log_Cabin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The ca. 1785 log cabin"><img alt="The ca. 1785 log cabin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/The_ca._1785_Log_Cabin.jpg/369px-The_ca._1785_Log_Cabin.jpg" decoding="async" width="246" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/The_ca._1785_Log_Cabin.jpg/554px-The_ca._1785_Log_Cabin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/The_ca._1785_Log_Cabin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="455" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The ca. 1785 log cabin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 234.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 232.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Second_Springhouse_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The 1930s springhouse"><img alt="The 1930s springhouse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Second_Springhouse_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg/349px-Second_Springhouse_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg" decoding="async" width="233" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Second_Springhouse_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg/524px-Second_Springhouse_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Second_Springhouse_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg/699px-Second_Springhouse_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3408" data-file-height="2342" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The 1930s springhouse</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 218.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 216.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Pigsty_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The pigsty"><img alt="The pigsty" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/The_Pigsty_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg/325px-The_Pigsty_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg" decoding="async" width="217" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/The_Pigsty_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg/487px-The_Pigsty_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/The_Pigsty_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg/649px-The_Pigsty_at_the_Hess_Homestead.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1889" data-file-height="1397" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The pigsty</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_1778_stone_farmhouse">The 1778 stone farmhouse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hess_Homestead&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The 1778 stone farmhouse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stone_Farmhouse_Facade_in_Winter.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Stone_Farmhouse_Facade_in_Winter.tif/lossy-page1-250px-Stone_Farmhouse_Facade_in_Winter.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Stone_Farmhouse_Facade_in_Winter.tif/lossy-page1-375px-Stone_Farmhouse_Facade_in_Winter.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Stone_Farmhouse_Facade_in_Winter.tif/lossy-page1-500px-Stone_Farmhouse_Facade_in_Winter.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1032" data-file-height="652" /></a><figcaption>The stone farmhouse, with a 1778 datestone for Christian and Anna Hess</figcaption></figure> <p>The stone farmhouse is next door to the log farmhouse. The construction date 1778 is carved in the gable <a href="/wiki/Datestone" title="Datestone">datestone</a>, with the initials C. H. These initials are for Christian Hess (1757-1816),<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the great-grandson of immigrant Hans Hess. </p><p>Christian Hess and wife Anna farmed approximately 100 acres here. Christian also operated the Hess mill built by his father Johannes. </p><p>A vaulted arch cellar is beneath the kitchen. The kitchen retains its original <a href="/wiki/Hearth" title="Hearth">hearth</a> and mantle. The house was enlarged to its present form ca 1800 by Christian's sister Elizabeth and her husband Mennonite Deacon Daniel Burkholder. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_1885_mill">The 1885 mill</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hess_Homestead&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The 1885 mill"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Facade_of_the_Hess_Homestead_Mill.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Facade_of_the_Hess_Homestead_Mill.tif/lossy-page1-200px-Facade_of_the_Hess_Homestead_Mill.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Facade_of_the_Hess_Homestead_Mill.tif/lossy-page1-300px-Facade_of_the_Hess_Homestead_Mill.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Facade_of_the_Hess_Homestead_Mill.tif/lossy-page1-400px-Facade_of_the_Hess_Homestead_Mill.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2582" data-file-height="3133" /></a><figcaption>Mill facade</figcaption></figure> <p>This oil and <a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">hemp</a> mill, located on the Lititz Run creek, was built by Johannes Hess c. 1769, while he was living in the log farmhouse with wife Susanna.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mill produced flaxseed oil and hempseed oil until 1790, when it began operation as a <a href="/wiki/Gristmill" title="Gristmill">gristmill</a> to grind wheat for flour. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Sawmill" title="Sawmill">sawmill</a> was added during this time, in an adjoining shed. The grist mill burned in an 1884 fire, but the stone first floor survived. One year later a frame mill was constructed on the mill's original stones walls, as it now stands. Milling ceased ca. 1900, and the building was used as a <a href="/wiki/Pretzel" title="Pretzel">pretzel</a> bakery by the Sturgis family. During that same era the mill was also used for storing whiskey distilled at the Rome Distillery, located a short distance upstream. The mill was later used as a tobacco warehouse. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hess_Homestead_restoration">Hess Homestead restoration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hess_Homestead&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Hess Homestead restoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beginning in 1985, the log farmhouse and stone farmhouse were purchased and restored by Clarke Hess, a descendant of the immigrants Hans and Magdalena Hess.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clarke Hess also relocated several historic outbuildings to the homestead. Those outbuildings had been threatened with demolition at their previous sites, including a stone <a href="/wiki/Spring_house" title="Spring house">spring house</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Pig_sty" class="mw-redirect" title="Pig sty">pig sty</a> with hand-hewn timbers, and a ca. 1785 central-chimney <a href="/wiki/Log_cabin" title="Log cabin">log cabin</a>. </p><p>In 1999 Warwick Township officials installed historical markers for the log farmhouse and for the stone farmhouse. The signs are located on a walking trail that adjoins the farmhouses. This trail is the site of the former Reading Railroad line of the <a href="/wiki/Reading_Company" title="Reading Company">Reading Company</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hess_Homestead&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Falk, Cynthia G. (2008) <i>Architecture and Artifacts of the Pennsylvania Germans</i>. The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, PA.</li> <li>Frantz, Mrs. D. B. (1966) <i>Hess Family History</i>. n.p.</li> <li>Hess, John H. (1896). <i>A Genealogy of the Hess Family</i>. Express Print, Lititz.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Landis" title="Ira Landis">Landis, Ira D.</a> (June, 1942) "Hans Hess (?-1733)". "Mennonite Historical Bulletin". Vol. III. No. 2. Historical Committee of Mennonite General Conference, Goshen, IN.</li> <li>Lanier, Gabrielle M. and Herman, Bernard L. (1997) <i>Everyday Architecture of the Mid-Atlantic</i>. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London.</li> <li>Roupp, Paul E. and Gertrude. (September 1980) <i>Roots Continuing Generations John Risser Hess 1828-1897</i>. Hesston, KS.</li></ul> <p><b>Periodical articles about the Hess Homestead Restoration</b> </p> <ul><li>Creznic, Jean (June 1996) "The Ultimate Antique / A Pennsylvania Log House". <i>Early American Homes</i>, Cowles Magazines, Inc. Harrisburg, PA.</li> <li>Long, Sue (May 1998) "History Lesson / The Johannes Hess Homestead". <i>Lancaster County Magazine</i>, Brookshire Printing, Inc. Lancaster, PA.</li> <li>Sheehan, Carol (March/April 1997) "Home Again". <i>Country Home</i>. Meredith Corp. Des Moines, IA.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hess_Homestead&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bergengren, Charles (1988). "The Cycle of Transformation in the Houses of Schaefferstwon, Pennsylvania. " Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania.</li> <li>van Dolsen, Nancy; et al. (2004). <i>Architecture and Landscape of the Pennsylvania Germans 1720-1920. Guidebook for the Vernacular Architecture Forum Annual Conference</i>. Hess, Clarke. "Religious Communities". pp. 113–133. Vernacular Architecture Forum.</li> <li>Gilbert, Geri (2005). <i>The Warrant Maps of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania</i>, Masthof Press, Morgantown, PA.</li> <li>Jurgelski, Susan (1993). "Uncovering History / 18th-century Hess Homestead to be on Historic Preservation Trust Tour". <i>Lancaster New Era</i>, Lancaster, PA.</li> <li>Hess, Clarke (2008). <i>A Brief History of the Rome Mill</i>. Monograph, Lititz.</li> <li>Hess, John H. (1880). <i>A Family Record of the Hess Family</i>. Sunbeam Print, Lititz.</li> <li>Keen, R. Martin (January 1990). "Community and Material Culture Among Lancaster Mennonites: Hans Hess from 1717 to 1733". <i>Pennsylvania Mennonite Heritage</i>.</li> <li>McMury, Sally; van Dolsen, Nancy (2011). <i>Architecture and Landscape of the Pennsylvania Germans 1720-1920</i>. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, Oxford.</li> <li>Phelps, Hermann, (1967). <i>Alemannische Holzbaukunst</i>. Franz Steiner, Weisbaden.</li> <li>Schneider, Davib B.,(1994). <i>Foundations in a Fertile Soil / Farming and Farm Buildings in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.</i> The Historic Preservation Trust of Lancaster County.</li> <li>Siegrist, Joanne Hess (1998). <i>Hess Story</i>. Siegrist, Joanne Hess, Bird in Hand, PA.</li> <li>Siegrist, Joanne Hess; Hess, Suzanne Ruhl (2004). <i>Hess Family Tours</i>. Hess Historians, Lancaster, PA.</li> <li>Ziegler und Ulrich, (pub) (Feb. 9, 1804). <i>Zuercherisches Wochen-Blatt</i>. Vol 21. No.12., Zurich.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hess_Homestead&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hess 1880, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Siegrist, Hess 2004, p.45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert 2005, p. 72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Siegrist, 1998 [p. 14].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hess 2004, p. 122</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Siegrist, 1998 [p. 32].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McMurry, van Dolsen 2011, p.36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Phelps, Hermann, 1967</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McMurry, van Dolsen 2011, p.122</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ziegler und Ulrich 1804, p.49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schneider, 1994 p.49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bergengren, 1988 p.41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McMurry, van Dolsen 2011, p.82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hess 2004, p. 121</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hess 2008, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jurgelski 1993, p. C-4</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hess_Homestead&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lmhs.org/">Lancaster Mennonite Historical Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lancasterhistory.org/">LancasterHistory.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hptrust.org/">Historic Preservation Trust of Lancaster County</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lititzhistoricalfoundation.com/">Lititz Historical Foundation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=cr&CRid=2193039">Hans Hess Family Cemetery</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=cr&GSln=hess&GSfn=jacob&GSby=1815&GSbyrel=in&GSdy=1850&GSdyrel=in&GSob=n&CRid=2392113&df=all&pt=Hess%20Family%20Cemetery&/">Hess Homestead Family Cemetery</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=cr&CRid=1975825/">Hess Mennonite Meetinghouse Cemetery</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~pacahs/hess.htm">David Hess Family Cemetery Restoration Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pennblog.typepad.com/lititz_mennonites/">Historic Mennonite Farms and Homes - Lititz, Pennsylvania</a></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=The_Hess_Homestead&params=40.1538_N_76.2863_W_type:landmark_globe:earth_region:US-PA"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°09′14″N</span> <span class="longitude">76°17′11″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.1538°N 76.2863°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.1538; 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