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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>List of Crown Dependencies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_Crown_Dependencies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of Crown Dependencies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_Crown_Dependencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Channel_Islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Channel_Islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Channel Islands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Channel_Islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bailiwick_of_Guernsey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Bailiwick of Guernsey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bailiwick_of_Guernsey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bailiwick_of_Jersey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bailiwick_of_Jersey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Bailiwick of Jersey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bailiwick_of_Jersey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isle_of_Man" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isle_of_Man"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Isle of Man</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isle_of_Man-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>City status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constitutional_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitutional_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Constitutional status</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Constitutional_status-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Constitutional status subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Constitutional_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Crown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Crown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>The Crown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Crown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Crown_in_the_Isle_of_Man" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Crown_in_the_Isle_of_Man"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>The Crown in the Isle of Man</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Crown_in_the_Isle_of_Man-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Crown_in_the_Channel_Islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Crown_in_the_Channel_Islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>The Crown in the Channel Islands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Crown_in_the_Channel_Islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distinction_from_Overseas_Territories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distinction_from_Overseas_Territories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Distinction from Overseas Territories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distinction_from_Overseas_Territories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_the_UK" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_the_UK"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Relationship with the UK</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Relationship_with_the_UK-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Relationship with the UK subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_the_UK-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>International representation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Legislative independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_prerogative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_prerogative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Royal prerogative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_prerogative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Commonwealth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commonwealth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Commonwealth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commonwealth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>European Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Common_Travel_Area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_Travel_Area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Common Travel Area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_Travel_Area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Customs_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Customs_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Customs Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Customs_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Crown Dependencies</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 66 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britse_Kroongebiede" title="Britse Kroongebiede – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Britse Kroongebiede" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="ملحقات التاج البريطاني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ملحقات التاج البريطاني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependencia_d%27a_Corona_britanica" title="Dependencia d'a Corona britanica – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Dependencia d'a Corona britanica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependencia_de_la_Corona_brit%C3%A1nica" title="Dependencia de la Corona británica – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dependencia de la Corona británica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxt-tac_%C9%99razil%C9%99ri" title="Taxt-tac əraziləri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Taxt-tac əraziləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Каронныя землі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каронныя землі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="क्राउन डिपेंडेंसी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="क्राउन डिपेंडेंसी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Коронни владения – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Коронни владения" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krunski_posjed" title="Krunski posjed – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Krunski posjed" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depend%C3%A8ncies_de_la_Corona" title="Dependències de la Corona – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dependències de la Corona" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%C4%83%D1%88%C4%83%D0%BB_%C3%A7%C4%95%D1%80%C4%95" title="Кăшăл çĕрĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кăшăл çĕрĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britsk%C3%A9_korunn%C3%AD_z%C3%A1visl%C3%A9_%C3%BAzem%C3%AD" title="Britské korunní závislé území – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Britské korunní závislé území" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiriogaethau_dibynnol_y_Goron" title="Tiriogaethau dibynnol y Goron – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tiriogaethau dibynnol y Goron" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronbesiddelse" title="Kronbesiddelse – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kronbesiddelse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronbesitzungen" title="Kronbesitzungen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kronbesitzungen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suurbritannia_kroonist_s%C3%B5ltuvad_alad" title="Suurbritannia kroonist sõltuvad alad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Suurbritannia kroonist sõltuvad alad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BE%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%8C_%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Εξαρτώμενα από το Στέμμα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εξαρτώμενα από το Στέμμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependencia_de_la_Corona_brit%C3%A1nica" title="Dependencia de la Corona británica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dependencia de la Corona británica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krondependa%C4%B5oj_de_la_brita_monarkio" title="Krondependaĵoj de la brita monarkio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Krondependaĵoj de la brita monarkio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britainiar_koroaren_dependentzia" title="Britainiar koroaren dependentzia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Britainiar koroaren dependentzia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="جزیره‌های وابسته به تاج‌وتخت بریتانیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جزیره‌های وابسته به تاج‌وتخت بریتانیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9pendances_de_la_Couronne" title="Dépendances de la Couronne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dépendances de la Couronne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sple%C3%A1chas_na_Cor%C3%B3nach" title="Spleáchas na Corónach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Spleáchas na Corónach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croghaneyn-crooin_y_Reeriaght_Unnaneysit" title="Croghaneyn-crooin y Reeriaght Unnaneysit – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Croghaneyn-crooin y Reeriaght Unnaneysit" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependencia_da_Coroa_brit%C3%A1nica" title="Dependencia da Coroa británica – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dependencia da Coroa británica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%99%95%EC%8B%A4%EC%86%8D%EB%A0%B9" title="왕실속령 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="왕실속령" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="किरीटाधीन क्षेत्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="किरीटाधीन क्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krunski_posjedi" title="Krunski posjedi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Krunski posjedi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependensi_Mahkota" title="Dependensi Mahkota – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dependensi Mahkota" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%C3%A6%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D0%B7%C3%A6%D1%85%D1%85%D1%8B%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Коронæйы зæххытæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Коронæйы зæххытæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipendenza_della_Corona_britannica" title="Dipendenza della Corona britannica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dipendenza della Corona britannica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%97%D7%99_%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99" title="שטחי חסות של הכתר הבריטי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שטחי חסות של הכתר הבריטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%AC%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="გვირგვინის მიწები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გვირგვინის მიწები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eneo_chini_ya_taji_la_Uingereza" title="Eneo chini ya taji la Uingereza – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Eneo chini ya taji la Uingereza" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinciae_Coronae_Britannicae" title="Provinciae Coronae Britannicae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Provinciae Coronae Britannicae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apvienot%C4%81s_Karalistes_Kro%C5%86a_%C4%ABpa%C5%A1umi" title="Apvienotās Karalistes Kroņa īpašumi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Apvienotās Karalistes Kroņa īpašumi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kar%C5%ABnos_priklausiniai" title="Karūnos priklausiniai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karūnos priklausiniai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependen%C3%A7e_da_Coronn-a_Britannega" title="Dependençe da Coronn-a Britannega – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Dependençe da Coronn-a Britannega" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brit_koronaf%C3%BCgg%C5%91s%C3%A9gek" title="Brit koronafüggőségek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Brit koronafüggőségek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="ملحقات التاج البريطانى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ملحقات التاج البريطانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilayah_tanggungan_mahkota" title="Wilayah tanggungan mahkota – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wilayah tanggungan mahkota" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brits_Kroonbezit" title="Brits Kroonbezit – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brits Kroonbezit" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%81%AE%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%A4%E5%B1%9E%E9%A0%98" title="イギリスの王室属領 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イギリスの王室属領" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronbesittelse" title="Kronbesittelse – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kronbesittelse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroneige" title="Kroneige – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kroneige" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependencja_korony_brytyjskiej" title="Dependencja korony brytyjskiej – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dependencja korony brytyjskiej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depend%C3%AAncias_da_Coroa_Brit%C3%A2nica" title="Dependências da Coroa Britânica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dependências da Coroa Britânica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependen%C8%9Bele_Coroanei_Britanice" title="Dependențele Coroanei Britanice – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dependențele Coroanei Britanice" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Коронные земли – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Коронные земли" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croun_dependencies" title="Croun dependencies – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Croun dependencies" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Var%C3%ABsit%C3%AB_e_Kuror%C3%ABs" title="Varësitë e Kurorës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Varësitë e Kurorës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_dependencies" title="Crown dependencies – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Crown dependencies" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korunn%C3%A1_dependencia" title="Korunná dependencia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Korunná dependencia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronske_odvisnosti" title="Kronske odvisnosti – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kronske odvisnosti" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Крунски поседи – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Крунски поседи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruununalusmaat" title="Kruununalusmaat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kruununalusmaat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronbesittning" title="Kronbesittning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kronbesittning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupang-Sakop_ng_Kaputungan" title="Lupang-Sakop ng Kaputungan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lupang-Sakop ng Kaputungan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3" title="ดินแดนภายใต้อธิปไตยของสหราชอาณาจักร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดินแดนภายใต้อธิปไตยของสหราชอาณาจักร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C3%A7_Topraklar%C4%B1" title="Taç Toprakları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Taç Toprakları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Коронні володіння – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Коронні володіння" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9" title="تاج توابع – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تاج توابع" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipendensa_de_%C5%82a_Corona_Brit%C3%A0nega" title="Dipendensa de ła Corona Britànega – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Dipendensa de ła Corona Britànega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A3nh_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Ba_v%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_quy%E1%BB%81n" title="Lãnh địa vương quyền – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lãnh địa vương quyền" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%B0" title="皇家属地 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="皇家属地" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%A4%E5%B1%AC%E5%9C%B0" title="王室屬地 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="王室屬地" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q185086#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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.ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-official-below{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-other{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-caption{padding-top:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-motto{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-elevation{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-pol-div vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Crown Dependencies<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Dépendances de la Couronne</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span><br /><span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv">Croghaneyn-crooin</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a>)</span><br /><span title="Jèrriais-language text"><i lang="nrf-JE">Dépendances d'la Couronne</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/J%C3%A8rriais_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Jèrriais language">Jèrriais</a>)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:291px;max-width:291px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:83px;max-width:83px"><div style="height:54px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Guernsey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/81px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="81" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/122px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/162px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div style="height:54px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Jersey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/90px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/135px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/180px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:110px;max-width:110px"><div style="height:54px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/108px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png" decoding="async" width="108" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/162px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/216px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><br />Flags of the Crown Dependencies</div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Anthem</b>: "<a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">God Save the King</a>" <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="54" data-mwtitle="God_Save_the_King.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/God_Save_the_King.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/God_Save_the_King.ogg/God_Save_the_King.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGod_Save_the_King.ogg&lang=cy&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="cy" label="Cymraeg ‪(cy)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGod_Save_the_King.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGod_Save_the_King.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGod_Save_the_King.ogg&lang=frc&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="frc" label="français cadien ‪(frc)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGod_Save_the_King.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGod_Save_the_King.ogg&lang=mwl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="mwl" label="Mirandés ‪(mwl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGod_Save_the_King.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGod_Save_the_King.ogg&lang=tl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tl" label="Tagalog ‪(tl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AGod_Save_the_King.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest territory</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">Monarch</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">768 km<sup>2</sup> (297 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• 2021 Census estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">252,719 (exc. Sark)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Pound sterling</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (£) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">GBP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B00:00" title="UTC+00:00">UTC+00:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">GMT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Summer_Time" title="British Summer Time">BST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date format</th><td class="infobox-data">dd/mm/yyyy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Driving side</a></th><td class="infobox-data">left</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Calling code</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">+44</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Crown Dependencies</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are three <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">offshore island territories</a> in the <a href="/wiki/British_Islands" title="British Islands">British Islands</a> that are self-governing possessions of the <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">British Crown</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</a>, both located in the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> and together known as the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a> between <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>. </p><p>They are closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">countries</a> of <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (UK), although they are not part of them.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Briefing2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Briefing2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have the status of "territories for which the United Kingdom is responsible", rather than <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign states</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-International_recognition_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-International_recognition-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, they are not member states of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-justice.gov.uk_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-justice.gov.uk-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, they do have relationships with the Commonwealth and other international organisations, and are members of the <a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Irish_Council" title="British–Irish Council">British–Irish Council</a>. They have their own teams in the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a>. </p><p>Each island's political development has been largely independent from, though often parallel with, that of the UK,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they are akin to "miniature states with wide powers of self-government".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the Crown Dependencies are not sovereign states, the power to pass legislation affecting the islands ultimately rests with the <a href="/wiki/King-in-Council" title="King-in-Council">King-in-Council</a> (though this power is rarely exercised without the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_conventions_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constitutional conventions of the United Kingdom">consent of the dependencies</a>, and the right to do so is disputed). However, they each have their own <a href="/wiki/Legislative_assembly" title="Legislative assembly">legislative assembly</a>, with power to legislate on many local matters with the assent of the Crown (the <a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Most_Honourable_Privy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council">Privy Council</a>, or, in the case of the Isle of Man, in certain circumstances the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man">lieutenant-governor</a> or, in the case of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, the Lieutenant-Governor).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Jersey and the Isle of Man, the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> is called the <a href="/wiki/Chief_minister" title="Chief minister">chief minister</a>. In Guernsey, the head representative of the committee-based government is the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Policy_and_Resources_Committee_of_Guernsey" title="President of the Policy and Resources Committee of Guernsey">President of the Policy and Resources Committee</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Dependencies&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term 'Crown Dependencies' has been disputed by <a href="/wiki/Gavin_St_Pier" title="Gavin St Pier">Gavin St Pier</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Guernsey" title="Chief Minister of Guernsey">Chief Minister of Guernsey</a>. He argues that the term was an administrative invention of <a href="/wiki/Whitehall" title="Whitehall">Whitehall</a>, which incorrectly implies that the islands are dependent upon the Crown, and advocates instead the use of the term 'Crown Dominion'.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_Crown_Dependencies">List of Crown Dependencies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Dependencies&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: List of Crown Dependencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Location </th> <th>Title of monarch </th> <th>Area </th> <th>Population </th> <th>Island </th> <th>Arms </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of<br />Guernsey</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="#The_Crown_in_the_Channel_Islands">King in right of the Bailiwick</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ordinance2005_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ordinance2005-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DoN-note_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoN-note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="4">78 km<sup>2</sup> (30 sq mi) </td> <td rowspan="4" style="text-align: right;">67,334<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Alderney.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Alderney.svg/60px-Flag_of_Alderney.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Alderney.svg/90px-Flag_of_Alderney.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Alderney.svg/120px-Flag_of_Alderney.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Alderney" title="Alderney">Alderney</a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Alderney.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Coat_of_Arms_of_Alderney.svg/50px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Alderney.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Coat_of_Arms_of_Alderney.svg/75px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Alderney.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Coat_of_Arms_of_Alderney.svg/100px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Alderney.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne,_Alderney" title="Saint Anne, Alderney">Saint Anne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Guernsey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/60px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/90px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Guernsey.svg/120px-Flag_of_Guernsey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Guernsey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Coat_of_arms_of_Guernsey.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Guernsey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Coat_of_arms_of_Guernsey.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Guernsey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Coat_of_arms_of_Guernsey.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Guernsey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="264" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Herm.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Herm.svg/60px-Flag_of_Herm.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Herm.svg/90px-Flag_of_Herm.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Herm.svg/120px-Flag_of_Herm.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Herm" title="Herm">Herm</a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Ile_Herm.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blason_Ile_Herm.svg/50px-Blason_Ile_Herm.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blason_Ile_Herm.svg/75px-Blason_Ile_Herm.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blason_Ile_Herm.svg/100px-Blason_Ile_Herm.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>(none) </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Sark.svg/60px-Flag_of_Sark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Sark.svg/90px-Flag_of_Sark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Sark.svg/120px-Flag_of_Sark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Sark" title="Sark">Sark</a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Sark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Sark.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Sark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Sark.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Sark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Sark.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Sark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="392" data-file-height="431" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Seigneurie" title="La Seigneurie">La Seigneurie</a> (<i>de facto</i>;<br />Sark does not have a capital city) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Bailiwick<br />of Jersey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> </td> <td><a href="#The_Crown_in_the_Channel_Islands">King in right of Jersey</a><sup id="cite_ref-Carswell2010_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carswell2010-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DoN-note_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoN-note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>118.2 km<sup>2</sup> (46 sq mi) </td> <td style="text-align: right;">107,800<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Jersey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/60px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/90px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Jersey.svg/120px-Flag_of_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Jersey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Jersey.svg/50px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Jersey.svg/75px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Jersey.svg/100px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="271" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helier" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Helier">Saint Helier</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Mann" title="Lord of Mann">Lord of Mann</a> </td> <td>572 km<sup>2</sup> (221 sq mi) </td> <td style="text-align: right;">83,314<sup id="cite_ref-census-2016_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-2016-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Mann.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Mann.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Mann.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Mann.svg/90px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Mann.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Mann.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Mann.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="822" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard hlist" style="width:20em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Politics of the United Kingdom">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Politics of the United Kingdom">Politics of the United Kingdom</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_lesser_arms).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Lesser arms of the United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/203px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/270px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1366" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constitution of the United Kingdom">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:centre"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_1689" title="Bill of Rights 1689">Bill of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Union" title="Treaty of Union">Treaty of Union</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_sovereignty_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliamentary sovereignty in the United Kingdom">Parliamentary sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rule of law in the United Kingdom">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Separation of powers in the United Kingdom">Separation of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_Kingdom#Principles" title="Constitution of the United Kingdom">Other constitutional principles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">The Crown</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:centre"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_variant_2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg/45px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg/68px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="479" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">The Monarch</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">list</a>)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/King_Charles_III" class="mw-redirect" title="King Charles III">King Charles III</a> </p><p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Prince of Wales's feathers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg/30px-Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg/45px-Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg/60px-Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers_Badge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="339" data-file-height="383" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_British_throne" title="Succession to the British throne">Heir apparent</a></b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William, Prince of Wales</a> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_royal_family" title="British royal family">Royal family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_British_throne" title="Succession to the British throne">Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_prerogative_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Royal prerogative in the United Kingdom">Prerogative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counsellor_of_State" title="Counsellor of State">Counsellors of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Republicanism in the United Kingdom">Republicanism in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:centre"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">Privy Council</a></b></li></ul> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_Crown_%26_Garter).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg/20px-Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg/30px-Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg/40px-Royal_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_Crown_%26_Garter%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="1147" /></a></span> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a><br /><b>(<a href="/wiki/King-in-Council" title="King-in-Council">King-in-Council</a>)</b> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">HM Government</a></b></li></ul> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_lesser_arms).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/45px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1366" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cabinet of the United Kingdom">Cabinet</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_British_governments" title="List of British governments">list</a>)<br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Starmer_ministry" title="Starmer ministry">Starmer ministry</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>)<br /> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom">list</a>)<br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>)<br /> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Deputy Prime Minister</a></b><br /></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Angela Rayner</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>)<br /> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_the_Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Departments of the Government of the United Kingdom">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_government_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of government ministers of the United Kingdom">Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_agency" title="Executive agency">Agencies</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Legislatures_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Legislatures of the United Kingdom">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:centre"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a></b></li></ul> <p>(<a href="/wiki/King-in-Parliament" title="King-in-Parliament">King-in-Parliament</a>)<br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crowned_Portcullis.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Crowned portcullis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Crowned_Portcullis.svg/50px-Crowned_Portcullis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Crowned_Portcullis.svg/75px-Crowned_Portcullis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Crowned_Portcullis.svg/100px-Crowned_Portcullis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="550" /></a></span> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">King</a></b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></b></li></ul> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:House_of_Lords_composition.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Composition diagram of the House of Lords" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/House_of_Lords_composition.svg/100px-House_of_Lords_composition.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/House_of_Lords_composition.svg/150px-House_of_Lords_composition.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/House_of_Lords_composition.svg/200px-House_of_Lords_composition.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="199" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Lord_Speaker" title="Lord Speaker">Lord Speaker</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/John_McFall,_Baron_McFall_of_Alcluith" title="John McFall, Baron McFall of Alcluith">The Lord McFall of Alcluith</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></b></li></ul> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:House_of_Commons_UK.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Composition diagram of the House of Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/House_of_Commons_UK.svg/100px-House_of_Commons_UK.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/House_of_Commons_UK.svg/150px-House_of_Commons_UK.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/House_of_Commons_UK.svg/200px-House_of_Commons_UK.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="164" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)">Speaker</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Hoyle" title="Lindsay Hoyle">Sir Lindsay Hoyle</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(United_Kingdom)" title="Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)">Leader of the Opposition</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Kemi_Badenoch" title="Kemi Badenoch">Kemi Badenoch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">C</a>)<br /></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_elected_in_the_2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of MPs elected in the 2024 United Kingdom general election">59th Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Most_Loyal_Opposition" title="His Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">MPs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_elected_in_the_2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of MPs elected in the 2024 United Kingdom general election">List of MPs</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Judiciaries of the United Kingdom">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:centre"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a><br /><b>(<a href="/wiki/Court_of_King%27s_Bench_(England)" title="Court of King's Bench (England)">King-on-the-Bench</a>)</b> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">Supreme Court</a></b></li></ul> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Badge_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Badge of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Badge_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/30px-Badge_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Badge_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/45px-Badge_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Badge_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/60px-Badge_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="691" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">President</a></b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Robert_Reed,_Baron_Reed_of_Allermuir" title="Robert Reed, Baron Reed of Allermuir">The Lord Reed</a> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Deputy_President_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Deputy President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">Deputy President</a></b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hodge,_Lord_Hodge" title="Patrick Hodge, Lord Hodge">The Lord Hodge</a> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom">Justices of the Supreme Court</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Judiciaries of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_England_and_Wales" title="Courts of England and Wales">England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Scotland" title="Courts of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Courts of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:centre"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Bank_of_England" title="Governor of the Bank of England">Governor</a></b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bailey_(banker)" title="Andrew Bailey (banker)">Andrew Bailey</a> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Governor_of_the_Bank_of_England" title="Deputy Governor of the Bank of England">Deputy governors</a></b></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Monetary_Policy_Committee_(United_Kingdom)" title="Monetary Policy Committee (United Kingdom)">Monetary Policy Committee</a> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_currencies" title="List of British currencies">Currencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_pound_sterling" title="Banknotes of the pound sterling">Banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_pound_sterling" title="Coins of the pound sterling">Coins</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Elections in the United Kingdom">Elections</a> and <a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Referendums in the United Kingdom">referendums</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:centre"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament constituencies</a> (<a href="/wiki/2023_Periodic_Review_of_Westminster_constituencies" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies">2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of political parties in the United Kingdom">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Parties,_Elections_and_Referendums_Act_2000" title="Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000">Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_and_Calling_of_Parliament_Act_2022" title="Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022">Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament_constituencies_and_electoral_regions" title="Scottish Parliament constituencies and electoral regions">Scottish Parliament constituencies and electoral regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senedd_constituencies_and_electoral_regions" title="Senedd constituencies and electoral regions">Senedd constituencies and electoral regions</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_general_elections" title="List of United Kingdom general elections">UK general elections</a></b></div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="First Parliament of the United Kingdom">1801 co-option</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1802_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1802 United Kingdom general election">1802</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1806_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1806 United Kingdom general election">1806</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1807_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1807 United Kingdom general election">1807</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1812_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1812 United Kingdom general election">1812</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1818_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1818 United Kingdom general election">1818</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1820_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1820 United Kingdom general election">1820</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1826_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1826 United Kingdom general election">1826</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1830_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1830 United Kingdom general election">1830</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1831_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1831 United Kingdom general election">1831</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1832_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1832 United Kingdom general election">1832–33</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1835_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1835 United Kingdom general election">1835</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1837_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1837 United Kingdom general election">1837</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1841_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1841 United Kingdom general election">1841</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1847_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1847 United Kingdom general election">1847</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1852_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1852 United Kingdom general election">1852</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1857_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1857 United Kingdom general election">1857</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1859_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1859 United Kingdom general election">1859</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1865_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1865 United Kingdom general election">1865</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1868_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1868 United Kingdom general election">1868</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1874_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1874 United Kingdom general election">1874</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1880_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1880 United Kingdom general election">1880</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1885_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1885 United Kingdom general election">1885</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1886_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1886 United Kingdom general election">1886</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1892_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1892 United Kingdom general election">1892</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1895_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1895 United Kingdom general election">1895</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1900_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1900 United Kingdom general election">1900</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1906_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1906 United Kingdom general election">1906</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/January_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="January 1910 United Kingdom general election">1910 (Jan–Feb)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/December_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="December 1910 United Kingdom general election">1910 (Dec)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1918 United Kingdom general election">1918</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1922_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1922 United Kingdom general election">1922</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1923_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1923 United Kingdom general election">1923</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1924_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1924 United Kingdom general election">1924</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1929_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1929 United Kingdom general election">1929</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1931_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1931 United Kingdom general election">1931</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1935_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1935 United Kingdom general election">1935</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1945_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1945 United Kingdom general election">1945</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1950_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1950 United Kingdom general election">1950</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1951_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1951 United Kingdom general election">1951</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1955_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1955 United Kingdom general election">1955</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1959_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1959 United Kingdom general election">1959</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1964 United Kingdom general election">1964</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1966_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1966 United Kingdom general election">1966</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1970_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1970 United Kingdom general election">1970</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/February_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="February 1974 United Kingdom general election">1974 (Feb)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/October_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="October 1974 United Kingdom general election">1974 (Oct)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1979 United Kingdom general election">1979</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1983 United Kingdom general election">1983</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1987 United Kingdom general election">1987</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1992 United Kingdom general election">1992</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1997_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1997 United Kingdom general election">1997</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2001 United Kingdom general election">2001</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2005_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2005 United Kingdom general election">2005</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2017 United Kingdom general election">2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024</a></li></ul></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Endorsements</b></div> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Endorsements in the 2010 United Kingdom general election">2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Endorsements in the 2015 United Kingdom general election">2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2017_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Endorsements in the 2017 United Kingdom general election">2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Endorsements in the 2019 United Kingdom general election">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="Endorsements in the 2024 United Kingdom general election">2024</a></li></ul></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>European Parliament elections (1979–2019)</b></div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1979 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1979</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1984 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1984</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1989 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1989</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1994 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1994</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1999 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1999</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2004 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2004</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2014 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="2019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">2019</a></li></ul></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Scottish Parliament elections</b></div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/1999_Scottish_Parliament_election" title="1999 Scottish Parliament election">1999</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2003_Scottish_Parliament_election" title="2003 Scottish Parliament election">2003</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Scottish_Parliament_election" title="2007 Scottish Parliament election">2007</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Scottish_Parliament_election" title="2011 Scottish Parliament election">2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Scottish_Parliament_election" title="2016 Scottish Parliament election">2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Scottish_Parliament_election" title="2021 Scottish Parliament election">2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Next_Scottish_Parliament_election" title="Next Scottish Parliament election">Next</a></li></ul></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Northern Ireland Assembly elections</b></div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/1998_Northern_Ireland_Assembly_election" title="1998 Northern Ireland Assembly election">1998</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2003_Northern_Ireland_Assembly_election" title="2003 Northern Ireland Assembly election">2003</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Northern_Ireland_Assembly_election" title="2007 Northern Ireland Assembly election">2007</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Northern_Ireland_Assembly_election" title="2011 Northern Ireland Assembly election">2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Northern_Ireland_Assembly_election" title="2016 Northern Ireland Assembly election">2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Northern_Ireland_Assembly_election" title="2017 Northern Ireland Assembly election">2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Northern_Ireland_Assembly_election" title="2022 Northern Ireland Assembly election">2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Next_Northern_Ireland_Assembly_election" title="Next Northern Ireland Assembly election">Next</a></li></ul></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Senedd elections</b></div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/1999_National_Assembly_for_Wales_election" title="1999 National Assembly for Wales election">1999</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2003_National_Assembly_for_Wales_election" title="2003 National Assembly for Wales election">2003</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2007_National_Assembly_for_Wales_election" title="2007 National Assembly for Wales election">2007</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2011_National_Assembly_for_Wales_election" title="2011 National Assembly for Wales election">2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2016_National_Assembly_for_Wales_election" title="2016 National Assembly for Wales election">2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Senedd_election" title="2021 Senedd election">2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Next_Senedd_election" title="Next Senedd election">Next</a></li></ul></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>UK referendums</b></div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/1975_United_Kingdom_European_Communities_membership_referendum" title="1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum">1975</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_Alternative_Vote_referendum" title="2011 United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum">2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">2016</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">Devolution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:centre"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_relations_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Intergovernmental relations in the United Kingdom">Intergovernmental relations in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_consent_motion" title="Legislative consent motion">Legislative consent motions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_and_Heads_of_Devolved_Governments_Council" title="Prime Minister and Heads of Devolved Governments Council">Prime Minister and Heads of Devolved Governments Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Nations_and_Regions" title="Council of the Nations and Regions">Council of the Nations and Regions</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governance_of_England" title="Governance of England">Governance of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_votes_for_English_laws" title="English votes for English laws">English votes for English laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1998_Greater_London_Authority_referendum" title="1998 Greater London Authority referendum">1998 referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority_Act_1999" title="Greater London Authority Act 1999">Greater London Authority Act 1999</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority_Act_2007" title="Greater London Authority Act 2007">2007 Act</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_London" title="Mayor of London">Mayor of London</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadiq_Khan" title="Sadiq Khan">Sadiq Khan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Mayor_of_London" title="Deputy Mayor of London">Mayoral cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Assembly" title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Plan" title="London Plan">London Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined authority">Combined authorities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Directly_elected_mayors_in_England#Combined_Authority_("Metro")_Mayors" title="Directly elected mayors in England">Metro mayors</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Act_1998" title="Northern Ireland Act 1998">Northern Ireland Act 1998</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_(St_Andrews_Agreement)_Act_2006" title="Northern Ireland (St Andrews Agreement) Act 2006">2006 Act</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_and_deputy_First_Minister_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland">First Minister</a> </b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_O%27Neill" title="Michelle O'Neill">Michelle O'Neill</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_and_deputy_First_Minister_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland">deputy First Minister</a> </b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Little-Pengelly" title="Emma Little-Pengelly">Emma Little-Pengelly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Executive" title="Northern Ireland Executive">Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="List of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly">Act of the Northern Ireland Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Law of Northern Ireland">Law of Northern Ireland</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_devolution" title="Scottish devolution">Scottish devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Scottish_devolution_referendum" title="1997 Scottish devolution referendum">1997 referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_Act_1998" title="Scotland Act 1998">Scotland Act 1998</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Scotland_Act_2012" title="Scotland Act 2012">2012 Act</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland_Act_2016" title="Scotland Act 2016">2016 Act</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Scotland" title="First Minister of Scotland">First Minister</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Swinney" title="John Swinney">John Swinney</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_the_Scottish_Parliament" title="Act of the Scottish Parliament">Act of the Scottish Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_statutory_instrument" title="Scottish statutory instrument">Scottish statutory instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_law" title="Scots law">Scots law</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_devolution" title="Welsh devolution">Welsh devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Welsh_devolution_referendum" title="1997 Welsh devolution referendum">1997 referendum</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/2011_Welsh_devolution_referendum" title="2011 Welsh devolution referendum">2011 referendum on law-making powers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Wales_Act_1998" title="Government of Wales Act 1998">Government of Wales Act 1998</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Government_of_Wales_Act_2006" title="Government of Wales Act 2006">2006 Act</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales_Act_2014" title="Wales Act 2014">Wales Act 2014</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales_Act_2017" title="Wales Act 2017">Wales Act 2017</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Wales" title="First Minister of Wales">First Minister</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eluned_Morgan,_Baroness_Morgan_of_Ely" class="mw-redirect" title="Eluned Morgan, Baroness Morgan of Ely">Eluned Morgan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Senedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Measure_of_the_National_Assembly_for_Wales" title="Measure of the National Assembly for Wales">Measure of the National Assembly for Wales</a> (1999–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Senedd_Cymru" title="Act of Senedd Cymru">Act of Senedd Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_law" title="Welsh law">Welsh law</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Administrative geography of the United Kingdom">Administration</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:centre"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_England" title="Local government in England">England</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_England" title="History of local government in England">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_England" title="Subdivisions of England">Subdivisions</a>: <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial counties</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_ceremonial_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ceremonial counties of England">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England">Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_county" title="Metropolitan county">Metropolitan county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_county" title="Non-metropolitan county">Non-metropolitan county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">Unitary authorities</a> (<a href="/wiki/Template:Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Template:Unitary authorities of England">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Districts</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts" title="List of English districts">list</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">Metropolitan Borough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">Non-metropolitan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_boroughs" title="London boroughs">London Borough</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">Civil parishes</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_England" title="List of civil parishes in England">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">Historic counties</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Local government in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Northern_Ireland#History" title="Local government in Northern Ireland">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Northern Ireland">Subdivisions</a>: <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Counties of Northern Ireland">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Northern Ireland">Districts</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Scotland" title="Local government in Scotland">Scotland</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_Scotland" title="History of local government in Scotland">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Scotland" title="Subdivisions of Scotland">Subdivisions</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sheriffdom" title="Sheriffdom">Sheriffdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_areas_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Council areas of Scotland">Council areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_community_council_areas_in_Scotland" title="List of community council areas in Scotland">Community council areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Scotland" title="List of civil parishes in Scotland">Civil parishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shires_of_Scotland" title="Shires of Scotland">Shires of Scotland</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Wales" title="Local government in Wales">Wales</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_Wales" title="History of local government in Wales">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preserved_counties_of_Wales" title="Preserved counties of Wales">Preserved counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Wales" title="Local government in Wales">Principal areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_(Wales)" title="Community (Wales)">Communities</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_communities_in_Wales" title="List of communities in Wales">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_Wales" title="Historic counties of Wales">Historic counties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crown Dependencies</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:centre"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a> <br /></li></ul> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Alderney" title="Alderney">Alderney</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sark" title="Sark">Sark</a></span>)</li></ul></div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Bailiwick of Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Islands" title="British Islands">British Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Travel_Area" title="Common Travel Area">Common Travel Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Crown_Dependencies_Customs_Union" title="United Kingdom–Crown Dependencies Customs Union">UK-CD Customs Union</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:centre"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li><li><br /><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li><li><br /><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li><li><br /><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li><li><br /><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li><li><br /><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li><li><br /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></span><br /> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></small></li><li><small><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></small></li><li><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a>)</small></li><li><br /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul></div> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories_citizen" title="British Overseas Territories citizen">British Overseas Territories citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_British_Overseas_Territories_citizens" title="Visa requirements for British Overseas Territories citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policies_of_British_Overseas_Territories" title="Visa policies of British Overseas Territories">Visa policies</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories_Act_2002" title="British Overseas Territories Act 2002">British Overseas Territories Act 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK%E2%80%93Overseas_Territories_Joint_Ministerial_Council" title="UK–Overseas Territories Joint Ministerial Council">UK-OT JMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago_sovereignty_dispute" title="Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute">Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_of_Gibraltar" title="Status of Gibraltar">Gibraltar sovereignty dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands_sovereignty_dispute" title="Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute">Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Foreign relations of the United Kingdom">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:centre"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign,_Commonwealth_and_Development_Office" title="Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office">Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign policy of the United Kingdom">Foreign policy</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom">history</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of diplomatic missions of the United Kingdom">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of diplomatic missions in the United Kingdom">in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_passport" title="British passport">UK passport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_National_(Overseas)_passport" title="British National (Overseas) passport">British National (Overseas) passport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_British_citizens" title="Visa requirements for British citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Crown_Dependencies_Customs_Union" title="United Kingdom–Crown Dependencies Customs Union">UK–CD Customs Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Visa policy of the United Kingdom">Visa policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreements_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom">Free trade agreements</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Australia–United Kingdom relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Barbados–United Kingdom relations">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Belgium–United Kingdom relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Belize–United Kingdom relations">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Brunei–United Kingdom relations">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Canada–United Kingdom relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="China–United Kingdom relations">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Hong Kong–United Kingdom relations">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Cyprus–United Kingdom relations">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Denmark–United Kingdom relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="France–United Kingdom relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Germany–United Kingdom relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="India–United Kingdom relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Israel–United Kingdom relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Italy–United Kingdom relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Japan–United Kingdom relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Kenya–United Kingdom relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Malaysia–United Kingdom relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Malta–United Kingdom relations">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Netherlands–United Kingdom relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="New Zealand–United Kingdom relations">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Norway–United Kingdom relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Russia–United Kingdom relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–United Kingdom relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Singapore–United Kingdom relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Spain–United Kingdom relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="South Africa–United Kingdom relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Palestine–United Kingdom relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Pakistan–United Kingdom relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Poland–United Kingdom relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Portugal–United Kingdom relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="United Kingdom–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Zimbabwe_relations" title="United Kingdom–Zimbabwe relations">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Ireland–United Kingdom relations">Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Politics of Northern Ireland">politics of Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">Good Friday Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_border" title="Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border">UK–Ireland border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Protocol" title="Northern Ireland Protocol">Northern Ireland Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Irish_Council" title="British–Irish Council">British–Irish Council</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="United Kingdom–European Union relations">European Union</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_membership_of_the_European_Union" title="United Kingdom membership of the European Union">history</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Brexit_United_Kingdom_relations_with_the_European_Union" title="Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union">Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brexit_withdrawal_agreement" title="Brexit withdrawal agreement">UK–EU withdrawal agreement</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">The Commonwealth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations">member states</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_the_United_Nations" title="United Kingdom and the United Nations">United Kingdom and the United Nations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council">P5</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Seven" class="mw-redirect" title="Group of Seven">G7</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_England" title="Category:Politics of England">England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Category:Politics of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland"><img alt="Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Scotland" title="Category:Politics of Scotland">Scotland</a></span></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales"><img alt="Wales" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/46px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Wales" title="Category:Politics of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Politics of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Politics of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Channel_Islands">Channel Islands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Dependencies&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Channel Islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wyspy_Normandzkie.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Wyspy_Normandzkie.png/220px-Wyspy_Normandzkie.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Wyspy_Normandzkie.png/330px-Wyspy_Normandzkie.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Wyspy_Normandzkie.png/440px-Wyspy_Normandzkie.png 2x" data-file-width="1419" data-file-height="1980" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a> located in the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Since 1290,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Channel Islands have been governed as: </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a>, comprising the islands of <a href="/wiki/Alderney" title="Alderney">Alderney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brecqhou" title="Brecqhou">Brecqhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herm" title="Herm">Herm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jethou" title="Jethou">Jethou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lihou" title="Lihou">Lihou</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sark" title="Sark">Sark</a>;</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</a>, comprising the island of <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a> and uninhabited islets such as the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cr%C3%A9hous" title="Écréhous">Écréhous</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minquiers" title="Minquiers">Minquiers</a>.</li></ul> <p>Each <a href="/wiki/Bailiwick" title="Bailiwick">Bailiwick</a> is a Crown dependency and each is headed by a <a href="/wiki/Bailiff" title="Bailiff">Bailiff</a>, with a Lieutenant Governor representing the Crown in each Bailiwick. Each Bailiwick has its own legal and healthcare systems and its own separate immigration policy, with "local status" in one Bailiwick having no validity in the other. The two Bailiwicks exercise bilateral <a href="/wiki/Tax_treaty" title="Tax treaty">double taxation treaties</a>. Since 1961, the Bailiwicks have had separate courts of <a href="/wiki/Appeal" title="Appeal">appeal</a>, but generally, the Bailiff of each Bailiwick has been appointed to serve on the panel of appellate judges for the other Bailiwick. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bailiwick_of_Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Dependencies&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bailiwick of Guernsey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a></div><p>The Bailiwick of Guernsey comprises three separate jurisdictions: </p><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alderney" title="Alderney">Alderney</a>, including smaller surrounding uninhabited islands.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a>, which also includes the nearby islands of Herm, Jethou, Lihou, and other smaller uninhabited islands.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sark" title="Sark">Sark</a>, which also includes the nearby island of <a href="/wiki/Brecqhou" title="Brecqhou">Brecqhou</a>, and other smaller uninhabited islands.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brecqhou_from_the_air.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Brecqhou_from_the_air.JPG/220px-Brecqhou_from_the_air.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Brecqhou_from_the_air.JPG/330px-Brecqhou_from_the_air.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Brecqhou_from_the_air.JPG/440px-Brecqhou_from_the_air.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3978" data-file-height="2535" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brecqhou" title="Brecqhou">Brecqhou</a> island</figcaption></figure> <p>The parliament of Guernsey is the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Guernsey#States_of_Deliberation" title="States of Guernsey">States of Deliberation</a>, the parliament of Sark is called the <a href="/wiki/Sark#Chief_Pleas" title="Sark">Chief Pleas</a>, and the parliament of Alderney is called the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Alderney" title="States of Alderney">States of Alderney</a>. The three parliaments together can also approve joint Bailiwick-wide legislation that applies in those parts of the Bailiwick whose parliaments approve it. There are no <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political parties</a> in any of the parliaments; candidates stand for election as <a href="/wiki/Independent_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politics)">independents</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bailiwick_of_Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Dependencies&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bailiwick of Jersey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_fields_in_St_Clement,_Jersey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Aerial_view_of_fields_in_St_Clement%2C_Jersey.jpg/220px-Aerial_view_of_fields_in_St_Clement%2C_Jersey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Aerial_view_of_fields_in_St_Clement%2C_Jersey.jpg/330px-Aerial_view_of_fields_in_St_Clement%2C_Jersey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Aerial_view_of_fields_in_St_Clement%2C_Jersey.jpg/440px-Aerial_view_of_fields_in_St_Clement%2C_Jersey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4384" data-file-height="3288" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Clement,_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Clement, Jersey">Saint Clement, Jersey</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</a> consists of the island of Jersey and a number of surrounding uninhabited islands. </p><p>The parliament is the <a href="/wiki/States_Assembly" title="States Assembly">States Assembly</a>, the first known mention of which is in a document of 1497.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>States of Jersey Law 2005</i> introduced the post of <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Jersey" title="Chief Minister of Jersey">Chief Minister of Jersey</a>, abolished the Bailiff's power of dissent to a resolution of the States and the Lieutenant Governor's power of veto over a resolution of the States, and established that any Order in Council or Act of the United Kingdom proposed to apply to Jersey must be referred to the States so that the States can express their views on it.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are few <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Jersey#Political_parties" title="Politics of Jersey">political parties</a>, as candidates generally stand for election as independents. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isle_of_Man">Isle of Man</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Dependencies&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Isle of Man"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Isle_of_Man.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_Isle_of_Man.svg/200px-The_Isle_of_Man.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_Isle_of_Man.svg/300px-The_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/The_Isle_of_Man.svg/400px-The_Isle_of_Man.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="976" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> located in the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Politics of the Isle of Man">Politics of the Isle of Man</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="History of the Isle of Man">History of the Isle of Man</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Noble_and_royal_titles_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Noble and royal titles of the Isle of Man">Noble and royal titles of the Isle of Man</a></div> <p>The Isle of Man's <a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Tynwald</a> claims to be the world's oldest <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">parliament</a> in continuous existence, dating back to 979. (However, it does not claim to be the oldest parliament, as <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Althing" title="Althing">Althing</a> dates back to 930.) It consists of a popularly elected <a href="/wiki/House_of_Keys" title="House of Keys">House of Keys</a> and an indirectly elected <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Legislative Council of the Isle of Man">Legislative Council</a>. These two branches may sit separately or jointly to consider pieces of legislation, which, when passed into law, are known as "<a href="/wiki/Act_of_Tynwald" title="Act of Tynwald">Acts of Tynwald</a>". Candidates mostly stand for election to the Keys as independents, rather than being selected by <a href="/wiki/Political_parties" class="mw-redirect" title="Political parties">political parties</a>. There is a Council of Ministers headed by a <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of the Isle of Man">chief minister</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike the other Crown Dependencies, the Isle of Man has a <a href="/wiki/Common_Purse_Agreement" title="Common Purse Agreement">Common Purse Agreement</a> with the United Kingdom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="City_status">City status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Dependencies&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: City status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/British_overseas_cities" title="British overseas cities">British overseas cities</a></div> <p>As overseas territories were added to the land conquered by the British, a number of towns and villages began to request formal recognition to validate their importance, and would be accorded a status if deemed to be deserving such as a <a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">borough</a> or as a more prestigious <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom#Crown_colonies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="City status in the United Kingdom">city</a> by the monarch. Many cities were designated over several centuries, and as <a href="/wiki/Historical_development_of_Church_of_England_dioceses#Colonial_dioceses" title="Historical development of Church of England dioceses">Anglican dioceses</a> began to be created the process of city creation became aligned to that used in England, being linked to the presence of a <a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">cathedral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite this, <a href="/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_Isle" title="St Patrick's Isle">St Patrick's Isle</a> adjoining the Isle of Man, which had a <a href="/wiki/Peel_Cathedral#History" title="Peel Cathedral">medieval cathedral</a>, was never granted privileges of a city. What is now <a href="/wiki/Peel_Cathedral" title="Peel Cathedral">Peel Cathedral</a> was later built nearby, but only raised to the status of a cathedral in the 1980s. </p><p>The Channel Islands were at first <a href="/wiki/List_of_churches,_chapels_and_meeting_halls_in_the_Channel_Islands#Second_millennium" title="List of churches, chapels and meeting halls in the Channel Islands">part of a mainland French diocese</a>, and then came under the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Winchester" title="Bishop of Winchester">Bishop of Winchester</a> after the <a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">English Reformation</a>. These islands had no cathedral. </p><p>Since the year 2000, the UK government has arranged competitions to grant city status to settlements. In 2021, <a href="/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_Civic_Honours" title="Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours">submissions for city status</a> were invited to mark the <a href="/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II</a>, with Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories being allowed to take part for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Dependencies, the only applicants were Douglas and Peel, both on the Isle of Man,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Douglas was granted the honour, making it the first formal city.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constitutional_status">Constitutional status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Dependencies&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Constitutional status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the 1973 <a href="/wiki/Kilbrandon_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilbrandon Report">Kilbrandon Report</a>, the Crown Dependencies are "like miniature states".<sup id="cite_ref-:2_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a 2010 Commons Justice Committee, they are independent from the UK and from each other and their relationship is with the Crown. The UK's responsibilities derive from that fact.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All "insular" legislation has to receive the approval of the "King in Council", in effect, the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council of the United Kingdom">Privy Council</a> in London.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Certain types of domestic legislation in the Isle of Man and the Bailiwick of Guernsey, however, may be signed into law by the Lieutenant Governor, using delegated powers, without having to pass through the Privy Council. In Jersey, provisional legislation of an administrative nature may be adopted by means of <i>triennial regulations</i> (renewable after three years), without requiring the assent of the Privy Council.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much legislation, in practice, is effected by means of <a href="/wiki/Secondary_legislation" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary legislation">secondary legislation</a> under the authority of prior laws or Orders in Council. </p><p>A unique constitutional position has arisen in the Channel Islands as successive monarchs have confirmed the <a href="/wiki/Royal_charters_applying_to_the_Channel_Islands" title="Royal charters applying to the Channel Islands">liberties and privileges of the Bailiwicks</a>, often referring to the so-called <i>Constitutions of King John</i>, a legendary document supposed to have been granted by King John in the aftermath of 1204. Governments of the Bailiwicks have generally tried to avoid testing the limits of the unwritten constitution by avoiding conflict with British governments. Following the restoration of <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">King Charles II</a>, who had spent part of his exile in Jersey, the Channel Islands were given the right to set their own customs duties, referred to by the <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Legal_French" title="Jersey Legal French">Jersey Legal French</a> term as <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">impôts</i></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Crown">The Crown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Dependencies&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The Crown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The monarch is represented by a <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Governor">Lieutenant Governor</a> in each Crown dependency, but this post is largely ceremonial. Since 2010 the Lieutenant Governors of each Crown dependency have been recommended to the Crown by a panel in each respective Crown dependency; this replaced the previous system of the appointments being made by the Crown on the recommendation of UK ministers.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, it was decided in the Isle of Man to replace the Lieutenant Governor with a <a href="/wiki/Crown_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Commissioner">Crown Commissioner</a>, but this decision was reversed before it was implemented. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Crown_in_the_Isle_of_Man">The Crown in the Isle of Man</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Dependencies&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The Crown in the Isle of Man"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp-IoM_regional_set_1958-69.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Stamp-IoM_regional_set_1958-69.jpg/220px-Stamp-IoM_regional_set_1958-69.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Stamp-IoM_regional_set_1958-69.jpg/330px-Stamp-IoM_regional_set_1958-69.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Stamp-IoM_regional_set_1958-69.jpg/440px-Stamp-IoM_regional_set_1958-69.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1588" data-file-height="1233" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a>, the former Lord of Mann, on Isle of Man stamps</figcaption></figure> <p>"The Crown" is defined differently in each Crown Dependency. Legislation of the Isle of Man defines the "Crown in right of the Isle of Man" as being separate from the "Crown in right of the United Kingdom".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> the British monarch is styled <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Mann" title="Lord of Mann">Lord of Mann</a>, a title variously held by <a href="/wiki/Norsemen" title="Norsemen">Norse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scottish</a> and English kings and nobles (the English nobles in <a href="/wiki/Fealty" title="Fealty">fealty</a> to the English Crown) until it was revested into the British monarchy in 1765. The title "Lord" is today used irrespective of the gender of the person who holds it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Crown_in_the_Channel_Islands">The Crown in the Channel Islands</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Dependencies&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Crown in the Channel Islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Reine_Notre_Duc_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/La_Reine_Notre_Duc_2012.jpg/170px-La_Reine_Notre_Duc_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/La_Reine_Notre_Duc_2012.jpg/255px-La_Reine_Notre_Duc_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/La_Reine_Notre_Duc_2012.jpg/340px-La_Reine_Notre_Duc_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1872" data-file-height="3487" /></a><figcaption><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">"La Reine, Notre Duc"</i></span> (The Queen, Our Duke): title of a <a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Diamond Jubilee</a> exhibition at the Jersey Arts Centre in 2012</figcaption></figure> <p>The Channel Islands are part of the territory annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Normandy" title="Duchy of Normandy">Duchy of Normandy</a> in 933 from the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brittany" title="Duchy of Brittany">Duchy of Brittany</a>. This territory was added to the grant of land given in settlement by the King of France in 911 to the Viking raiders who had sailed up the Seine almost to the walls of Paris. <a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William the Conqueror</a>, Duke of Normandy, claimed the title <a href="/wiki/King_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="King of England">King of England</a> in 1066, following the death of <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a>, and secured the claim through the <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman conquest of England">Norman conquest of England</a>. Subsequent marriages between Kings of England and French nobles meant that Kings of England had title to more French lands than the King of France. When the King of France asserted his feudal right of <a href="/wiki/Jus_patronatus" title="Jus patronatus">patronage</a>, the then-King of England, King <a href="/wiki/John_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="John of England">John</a>, fearing he would be imprisoned should he attend, failed to fulfill his obligation. </p><p>In 1204, the title and lands of the Duchy of <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a> and his other French possessions were stripped from King <a href="/wiki/John_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="John of England">John of England</a> by the King of France. The Channel Islands remained in the possession of the King of England, who ruled them as Duke of Normandy until the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1259)" title="Treaty of Paris (1259)">Treaty of Paris</a> in 1259. John's son, <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III</a>, renounced the title of Duke of Normandy by that treaty, and none of his successors ever revived it. The Channel Islands continued to be governed by the Kings of England as French fiefs, distinct from Normandy, until the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>, during which they were definitively separated from France. At no time did the Channel Islands form part of the Kingdom of England, and they remained legally separate, though under the same monarch, through the subsequent unions of England with Wales (1536), Scotland (1707) and Ireland (1801). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles III of the United Kingdom">Charles III</a> reigns over the Channel Islands directly, and not by virtue of his role as monarch of the United Kingdom. No specific title is associated with his role as monarch of the Channel Islands. The monarch has been described, in Jersey, as the "King in right of Jersey",<sup id="cite_ref-Carswell2010_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carswell2010-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in legislation as the "Sovereign of the Bailiwick of Jersey" and "Sovereign in right of the Bailiwick of Jersey".<sup id="cite_ref-Succession2013_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Succession2013-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Jersey, statements in the 21st century of the constitutional position by the <a href="/wiki/Law_Officers_of_the_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="Law Officers of the Crown">Law Officers of the Crown</a> define it as the "Crown in right of Jersey",<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with all Crown land in the Bailiwick of Jersey belonging to the Crown in right of Jersey and not to the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Estate" title="Crown Estate">Crown Estate</a> of the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Guernsey, legislation refers to the "Crown in right of the Bailiwick",<sup id="cite_ref-Ordinance2005_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ordinance2005-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Law Officers of the Crown of Guernsey submitted that "The Crown in this context ordinarily means the Crown in right of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">république</i></span> of the Bailiwick of Guernsey"<sup id="cite_ref-RJCO2010_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RJCO2010-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that this comprises "the collective governmental and civic institutions, established by and under the authority of the Monarch, for the governance of these Islands, including the States of Guernsey and legislatures in the other Islands, the Royal Court and other courts, the Lieutenant Governor, Parish authorities, and the Crown acting in and through the Privy Council."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This constitutional concept is also worded as the "Crown in right of the Bailiwick of Guernsey".<sup id="cite_ref-RJCO2010_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RJCO2010-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Castletown_Aerial_View_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_30-APR-09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Castletown_Aerial_View_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_30-APR-09.jpg/290px-Castletown_Aerial_View_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_30-APR-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Castletown_Aerial_View_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_30-APR-09.jpg/435px-Castletown_Aerial_View_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_30-APR-09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Castletown_Aerial_View_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_30-APR-09.jpg/580px-Castletown_Aerial_View_-_Isle_of_Man_-_kingsley_-_30-APR-09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2021" data-file-height="795" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of <a href="/wiki/Castletown,_Isle_of_Man" title="Castletown, Isle of Man">Castletown, Isle of Man</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distinction_from_Overseas_Territories">Distinction from Overseas Territories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Dependencies&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Distinction from Overseas Territories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories (BOTs) share a similar geopolitical status. They are both categories of self-governing territories which fall under British sovereignty (the Head of State being the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">King of the United Kingdom</a>) and for which the UK is responsible internationally. Neither Crown Dependencies nor BOTs are part of the UK and neither send representatives to the UK Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, Crown Dependencies are distinct from BOTs. Unlike BOTs, which are remnants of the British Empire, the Crown Dependencies have a much older relationship with the UK, springing from their status as "<a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">feudatory kingdoms</a>" subject to the English Crown. The self-governing status of the BOTs evolved through Acts of Parliament and the creation of fairly homogeneous political structures. On the other hand, the political systems of the Crown Dependencies evolved in an <a href="/wiki/Ad_hoc" title="Ad hoc">ad hoc</a> manner, resulting in particular and unique political structures in each dependency.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship_with_the_UK">Relationship with the UK</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Dependencies&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Relationship with the UK"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jour_d%27la_Lib%C3%A9th%C3%A2tion_J%C3%A8rri_9_d%27Mai_2012_67.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Jour_d%27la_Lib%C3%A9th%C3%A2tion_J%C3%A8rri_9_d%27Mai_2012_67.jpg/220px-Jour_d%27la_Lib%C3%A9th%C3%A2tion_J%C3%A8rri_9_d%27Mai_2012_67.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Jour_d%27la_Lib%C3%A9th%C3%A2tion_J%C3%A8rri_9_d%27Mai_2012_67.jpg/330px-Jour_d%27la_Lib%C3%A9th%C3%A2tion_J%C3%A8rri_9_d%27Mai_2012_67.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Jour_d%27la_Lib%C3%A9th%C3%A2tion_J%C3%A8rri_9_d%27Mai_2012_67.jpg/440px-Jour_d%27la_Lib%C3%A9th%C3%A2tion_J%C3%A8rri_9_d%27Mai_2012_67.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2186" data-file-height="2058" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_McColl_(British_Army_officer)" title="John McColl (British Army officer)">Sir John Chalmers McColl</a> as Lieutenant Governor of Jersey</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories collectively form "one, undivided realm" under the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">British monarchy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crown Dependencies have the international status of "territories for which the United Kingdom is responsible" rather than sovereign states.<sup id="cite_ref-International_recognition_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-International_recognition-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The relationship between the governments of the Crown Dependencies and the UK is "one of mutual respect and support, i.e. a partnership".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a significant gap between the official and operational relationship between the UK and the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until 2001, responsibility for the UK Government's relationships with the Crown dependencies rested with the <a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a>, but it was then transferred first to the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor%27s_Department" title="Lord Chancellor's Department">Lord Chancellor's Department</a>, then to the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Constitutional_Affairs" title="Department for Constitutional Affairs">Department for Constitutional Affairs</a>, and finally to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Justice</a>. In 2010, the Ministry of Justice stated that relationships with the Crown Dependencies are the responsibility of the United Kingdom Government as a whole, with the Ministry of Justice holding responsibility for the constitutional relationship and other ministries engaging with their opposite numbers in the Crown Dependencies according to their respective policy areas.<sup id="cite_ref-justice.gov.uk_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-justice.gov.uk-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The UK Government is solely responsible for defence and international representation<sup id="cite_ref-Briefing2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Briefing2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (although, in accordance with 2007 framework agreements,<sup id="cite_ref-FramewJersey_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FramewJersey-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the UK has elected not to act internationally on behalf of the Crown Dependencies without prior consultation). The Crown Dependencies are within the <a href="/wiki/Common_Travel_Area" title="Common Travel Area">Common Travel Area</a> and apply the same <a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Visa policy of the United Kingdom">visa policy</a> as the UK, but each Crown dependency has responsibility for its own customs and immigration services. </p><p>As in England, but not the United Kingdom as a whole, the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> is the <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">established Church</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The constitutional and cultural proximity of the islands to the UK means that there are shared institutions and organisations. The <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, for example, has local radio stations in the Channel Islands, and also a website run by a team based in the Isle of Man (which is included in <a href="/wiki/BBC_North_West" title="BBC North West">BBC North West</a>). Similarly, <a href="/wiki/ITV_Channel_Television" title="ITV Channel Television">ITV Channel Television</a> is a franchise in the UK's <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV network</a>, while the Isle of Man falls within the <a href="/wiki/ITV_Granada" title="ITV Granada">ITV Granada</a> franchise area. While the islands now assume responsibility for their own post and telecommunications, they continue to participate in the <a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">UK telephone numbering plan</a>, and they have adopted <a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal codes in the United Kingdom">postcode</a> systems that are compatible with that of the UK. </p><p>The growth of offshore finance in all three territories led to a "conflictual relationship" with the UK governments of the 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Crown Dependencies, together with the United Kingdom, are collectively <a href="/wiki/Terminology_of_the_British_Isles" title="Terminology of the British Isles">known as</a> the <a href="/wiki/British_Islands" title="British Islands">British Islands</a>. Since the <a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_Act_1981" title="British Nationality Act 1981">British Nationality Act 1981</a> came into effect, they have been treated as part of the United Kingdom for <a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">British nationality law</a> purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, each Crown dependency maintains local controls over housing and employment, with special rules applying to British citizens without specified connections to that Crown dependency (as well as to non-British citizens). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Parliament_Square" title="Parliament Square">Parliament Square</a>, at the northwest end of the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a> in the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a> in central <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, features all of the British flags alined: the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_flags" title="List of United Kingdom flags">flags of the United Kingdom</a>, those of its <a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">four nations</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Flags_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flags-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the county flags of these nations,<sup id="cite_ref-Flags_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flags-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_symbols_of_the_United_Kingdom,_the_Channel_Islands_and_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of national symbols of the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man">three flags</a> of the Crown Dependencies and the <a href="/wiki/Historical_flags_of_the_British_Empire_and_the_overseas_territories" title="Historical flags of the British Empire and the overseas territories">sixteen heraldic shields</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 May 2023, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_symbols_of_the_United_Kingdom,_the_Channel_Islands_and_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of national symbols of the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man">three coats of arms</a> of the Crown Dependencies and the <a href="/wiki/Historical_flags_of_the_British_Empire_and_the_overseas_territories" title="Historical flags of the British Empire and the overseas territories">sixteen heraldic shields</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a>, were 'immortalised' in two new <a href="/wiki/Stained_glass_windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Stained glass windows">stained glass windows</a> unveiled in the <a href="/wiki/Speaker%27s_House" title="Speaker's House">Speaker's House</a> at the <a href="/wiki/New_Palace_of_Westminster" class="mw-redirect" title="New Palace of Westminster">New Palace of Westminster</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)">Speaker of the House of Commons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Lindsay_Hoyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Lindsay Hoyle">Sir Lindsay Hoyle</a>, said: "The two windows represent part of our <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">United Kingdom</a> family".<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_representation">International representation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Dependencies&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: International representation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For the purposes of international agreements, the islands were considered part of the British <a href="/wiki/Metropole" title="Metropole">metropolitan</a> territory until a declaration was agreed in 1950 that henceforth the three territories would be considered distinct from the UK and each other.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 19">: 19 </span></sup> </p><p>In 2007–2008, each Crown Dependency and the UK signed agreements<sup id="cite_ref-FramewJersey_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FramewJersey-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that established frameworks for the development of the international identity of each Crown Dependency. Among the points clarified in the agreements were that: </p> <ul><li>The UK has no democratic accountability in and for the Crown Dependencies, which are governed by their own democratically elected assemblies;</li> <li>The UK will not act internationally on behalf of the Crown Dependencies without prior consultation;</li> <li>Each Crown Dependency has an international identity that is different from that of the UK;</li> <li>The UK supports the principle of each Crown Dependency further developing its international identity;</li> <li>The UK recognises that the interests of each Crown Dependency may differ from those of the UK, and the UK will seek to represent any differing interests when acting in an international capacity; and</li> <li>The UK and each Crown Dependency will work together to resolve or clarify any differences that may arise between their respective interests.</li></ul> <p>While the Parliament of the United Kingdom has the power to legislate for the Crown Dependencies without prior consultation, the United Kingdom is expected to seek permission from the dependencies before doing so.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Generally speaking, the British government will only extend international agreements to the Crown Dependencies with their permission. Under international law, the British government is responsible for ensuring the dependencies comply with any treaties that extend to them.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_independence">Legislative independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Dependencies&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Legislative independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The United Kingdom Parliament has power to legislate for the Islands, but Acts of Parliament do not extend to the Islands automatically, but only by express mention or necessary implication ... 'it can be said that a constitutional convention has been established whereby Parliament does not legislate for the islands without their consent on domestic matters'.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Hale,_Baroness_Hale_of_Richmond" title="Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond">Baroness Hale</a>, <i>R (Barclay) v Secy of State for Justice</i> [2014] 3 WLR 1142, at para 12.</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Acts of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a> do not usually apply to the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man, unless explicitly stated. UK legislation does not ordinarily extend to them without their consent.<sup id="cite_ref-justice.gov.uk_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-justice.gov.uk-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For a UK Act to extend otherwise than by an <a href="/wiki/Order_in_Council" title="Order in Council">Order in Council</a> is now very unusual.<sup id="cite_ref-Briefing2_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Briefing2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The States of Jersey Law 2005<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and subsequently the 2019 amended version of <i>The Reform (Guernsey) Law, 1948</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> established that all Acts of Parliament and Orders in Council which have application to either island were to be referred to their respective States assemblies for debate before registration in their Royal Court. </p><p>When deemed advisable, Acts of Parliament may be extended to the islands by means of an Order in Council (thus giving the UK Government some responsibility for <a href="/wiki/Good_governance" title="Good governance">good governance</a> in the islands). An example of this was the <a href="/wiki/Television_Act_1954" title="Television Act 1954">Television Act 1954</a>, which was extended to the Channel Islands, so as to create a local <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> franchise, known as <a href="/wiki/Channel_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel Television">Channel Television</a>. By constitutional convention this is only done at the request of the insular authorities,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has become a rare option (thus giving the insular authorities themselves the responsibility for good governance in the islands); the islands usually prefer nowadays to pass their own versions of laws giving effect to international treaties. </p><p>Each dependency retains its own distinct law and legal system. The Channel Islands' law systems are founded in the traditions of Norman law. For all three states, there is a right of judicial appeal to <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">the Crown</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Council" title="Judicial Committee of the Privy Council">Judicial Committee of the Privy Council</a>, whose judgements are binding once approved and promulgated by <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">the King</a> via an <a href="/wiki/Order-in-Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Order-in-Council">Order-in-Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Westminster<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness"><span title="Which body, specifically? There are many of them in Westminster (May 2024)">vague</span></a></i>]</sup> retains the right to legislate for the islands against their will as a last resort, but this is also rarely exercised, and may, according to legal opinion from the Attorney-General of Jersey, have fallen into <a href="/wiki/Desuetude" title="Desuetude">desuetude</a> – although the Department for Constitutional Affairs did not accept this argument. The <a href="/wiki/Marine,_%26c.,_Broadcasting_(Offences)_Act_1967" title="Marine, &c., Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967">Marine, &c., Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967</a> was one recent piece of legislation extended to the Isle of Man against the wishes of Tynwald.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There are many highly authoritative assertions of Parliament's sovereignty over Jersey, such as the 1861 Civil Commissioners. According to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_the_Constitution_(United_Kingdom)" title="Royal Commission on the Constitution (United Kingdom)">Kilbrandon Report</a>, the long-standing convention against Parliament intervening in domestic matters did not limit Parliament's authority to legislate for the Crown Dependencies without consent. <a href="/wiki/Brenda_Hale,_Baroness_Hale_of_Richmond" title="Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond">Baroness Hale</a> further asserted this legal opinion in 2014 (quotation above), though she did not hear arguments from Crown Dependency governments in that case.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Conversely, <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Jowell" title="Jeffrey Jowell">Jeffrey Jowell</a> argues that Parliament's powers are "of last resort" and do not therefore constitute paramount power to intervene in the Dependencies' internal affairs. He argues that as the powers have always been used within the limits of their justification, these have become constitutional law. <a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Stephen" title="Henry John Stephen">Henry John Stephen</a> argued that, as the Duchy of Normandy conquered England and its territory has never been annexed into England, the level of <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_sovereignty" title="Parliamentary sovereignty">parliamentary sovereignty</a> exercised elsewhere in the British Empire may not apply to the Channel Islands.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_prerogative">Royal prerogative</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Dependencies&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Royal prerogative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The UK Government has a monopoly on advising how the royal prerogative – such as giving royal assent to Channel Islands' legislation – should be exercised in the Crown Dependencies.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gavin St Pier, former Chief Minister of Guernsey, has called in 2023 for the Channel Islands to reconsider their constitutional relationship with the UK, "making us less susceptible to whimsical breach of conventions should the UK continue to convulse politically". He called for the Islands to have more power of the exercise of the royal prerogative by their appointment of Privy Counsellors.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Dependencies&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Membership_of_British_Overseas_Territories_and_Crown_Dependencies_in_international_organisations" title="Membership of British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies in international organisations">Membership of British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies in international organisations</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commonwealth">Commonwealth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Dependencies&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Commonwealth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While their constitutional status bears some resemblance to that of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realms" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth realms">Commonwealth realms</a>, the Crown Dependencies are not independent members of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>. They participate in the Commonwealth of Nations by virtue of their relationship with the United Kingdom, and participate in various Commonwealth institutions in their own right. For example, all three participate in the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Parliamentary_Association" title="Commonwealth Parliamentary Association">Commonwealth Parliamentary Association</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a>. </p><p>All three Crown Dependencies regard the existing situation as unsatisfactory and have lobbied for change. The States of Jersey have called on the British Foreign Secretary to request that the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Heads_of_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Heads of Government">Commonwealth Heads of Government</a> "consider granting associate membership to Jersey and the other Crown Dependencies as well as any other territories at a similarly advanced stage of autonomy". Jersey has proposed that it be accorded "self-representation in all Commonwealth meetings; full participation in debates and procedures, with a right to speak where relevant and the opportunity to enter into discussions with those who are full members; and no right to vote in the Ministerial or Heads of Government meetings, which is reserved for full members".<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The States of Guernsey and the Government of the Isle of Man have made calls of a similar nature for a more integrated relationship with the Commonwealth,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including more direct representation and enhanced participation in Commonwealth organisations and meetings, including <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Heads_of_Government_Meeting" title="Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting">Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of the Isle of Man">Chief Minister of the Isle of Man</a> has said: "A closer connection with the Commonwealth itself would be a welcome further development of the Island's international relationships"<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Union">European Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Dependencies&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: European Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Crown Dependencies have never been EU member states, including during the period when the UK was. During that time, their relationship with the EU was governed by Protocol 3 of the <a href="/wiki/European_Communities_Act_1972_(UK)" title="European Communities Act 1972 (UK)">European Communities Act 1972</a>. The Dependencies were part of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">EU customs territory</a><sup id="cite_ref-customs_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-customs-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (though only the Isle of Man was in the <a href="/wiki/Value-added_tax" title="Value-added tax">VAT area</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-vatcustoms_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vatcustoms-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and took part in the <a href="/wiki/European_single_market" title="European single market">free movements of goods</a>, but not the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_movement" title="Freedom of movement">free movement of persons</a>, services or capital.<sup id="cite_ref-customs_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-customs-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Common_Agricultural_Policy" title="Common Agricultural Policy">Common Agricultural Policy</a> of the EU never applied to the Crown Dependencies, and their citizens never took part in elections to the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>. Although they were still <a href="/wiki/European_Union_citizenship" title="European Union citizenship">European citizens</a>, British citizens who had a connection to the Crown Dependencies only were not entitled to freedom of movement rights.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a> negotiations, the House of Lords produced a report titled "Brexit: the Crown Dependencies", which stated that the "UK Government must continue to fulfil its constitutional obligations to represent the interests of the Crown Dependencies in international relations, even where these differ from those of the UK, both during the Brexit negotiations and beyond."<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the "<a href="/wiki/Great_Repeal_Bill_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Repeal Bill 2016">Great Repeal Bill</a>" <a href="/wiki/White_paper" title="White paper">white paper</a> published on 30 March 2017 the UK government stated, "The Government is committed to engaging with the Crown Dependencies, Gibraltar and the other Overseas Territories as we leave the EU."<sup id="cite_ref-GRBWP_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRBWP-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: ch.5">: ch.5 </span></sup> </p><p>The most contentious Brexit issue was an upset to the arrangement of <a href="/wiki/2021_Jersey_dispute" title="2021 Jersey dispute">fishing rights</a> of fishermen from France, Jersey, or Guernsey who wished to fish in the territorial waters of a different jurisdiction; proof of historic fishing in the jurisdiction was required in order to obtain a fishing permit, but all communications on the matter had to be routed via national or EU officials in London, Paris, or Brussels, leading to delays. This was resolved after officials in the affected French regions were allowed to communicate directly to counterparts in Guernsey and Jersey.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The UK requirement for EU citizens to present passports to enter the <a href="/wiki/Common_Travel_Area" title="Common Travel Area">Common Travel Area</a> resulted in a drop of day visitors to Jersey in particular. This issue was resolved in 2022 when Jersey (with UK approval) began to allow French nationals to enter the bailiwick on day trips using just their <a href="/wiki/National_identity_card_(France)" title="National identity card (France)">national ID card</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guernsey followed suit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Common_Travel_Area">Common Travel Area</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Dependencies&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Common Travel Area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Common_Travel_Area" title="Common Travel Area">Common Travel Area</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CommonTravelArea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/CommonTravelArea.svg/220px-CommonTravelArea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/CommonTravelArea.svg/330px-CommonTravelArea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/CommonTravelArea.svg/440px-CommonTravelArea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="677" data-file-height="722" /></a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Travel_Area" title="Common Travel Area">Common Travel Area</a></figcaption></figure> <p>All three Crown Dependencies participate in an open borders area, along with the United Kingdom and Ireland. An informal memorandum of understanding exists between the member countries of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Travel_Area" title="Common Travel Area">Common Travel Area</a> (CTA) whereby the internal borders of each country are expected to have minimal controls, if any, and can normally be crossed by British and Irish citizens with minimal identity documents (with certain exceptions). Under Irish law, <a href="/wiki/Manx_people" title="Manx people">Manx people</a> and Channel Islanders – who were not entitled to take advantage of the European Union's <a href="/wiki/Four_Freedoms_(European_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Freedoms (European Union)">freedom of movement</a> provisions – are exempt from immigration control and immune from deportation.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2019, the British and Irish governments signed a Memorandum of Understanding in an effort to secure the rights of British and Irish citizens after Brexit.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The document was signed in <a href="/wiki/London,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="London, England">London, England</a> before a meeting of the British-Irish Intergovernmental Conference, putting the rights of both countries' citizens, that were already in place under an informal agreement, on a more secure footing. </p><p>The agreement, which is the culmination of over two years' work of both governments, means the rights of both countries' citizens are protected after Brexit whilst also ensuring that Ireland can continue to meet its obligations under European Union law. The agreement took effect on 31 January 2020 when the United Kingdom left the European Union. The maintenance of the CTA involves considerable cooperation on immigration matters between the British and Irish authorities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Customs_Union">Customs Union</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Dependencies&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Customs Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Crown_Dependencies_Customs_Union" title="United Kingdom–Crown Dependencies Customs Union">United Kingdom–Crown Dependencies Customs Union</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:154px;max-width:154px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Crown_Dependencies.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/British_Crown_Dependencies.svg/150px-British_Crown_Dependencies.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/British_Crown_Dependencies.svg/225px-British_Crown_Dependencies.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/British_Crown_Dependencies.svg/300px-British_Crown_Dependencies.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div> <p>On 26 November 2018 <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> each signed a customs agreement with the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> to collectively establish a <a href="/wiki/Customs_union" title="Customs union">customs union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-olsen2_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-olsen2-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 31 January 2020 the UK–Crown Dependencies Customs Union was officially established.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020 the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">UK Government</a> made the Customs (Tariff Quotas) (EU Exit) Regulations 2020. These regulations apply in modified form in the Crown Dependencies.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Dependencies&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li>As the <a href="#The_Crown_in_the_Channel_Islands">King in right of the Bailiwick</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a></li> <li>As the <a href="#The_Crown_in_the_Channel_Islands">King in right of Jersey</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</a></li> <li>As the <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Mann" title="Lord of Mann">Lord of Mann</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Mann" class="mw-redirect" title="Isle of Mann">Isle of Mann</a></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Each dependency produces their own local issue coins and notes and accept all UK notes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Dépendances de la Couronne</i>; <a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a>: <i lang="gv">Croghaneyn-crooin</i>; <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A8rriais" title="Jèrriais">Jèrriais</a>: <i>Dépendances d'la Couronne</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DoN-note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DoN-note_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DoN-note_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">On the Channel Islands the monarch is informally known as the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Normandy#Modern_usage" title="Duke of Normandy">Duke of Normandy</a>. However, the title is not used in formal government publications and does not exist as a matter of Channel Islands law.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">St Peter Port is also the de facto capital of the whole Bailiwick</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also known in legislation as the "Sovereign of the Bailiwick of Jersey" and "Sovereign in right of the Bailiwick of Jersey".<sup id="cite_ref-Succession2013_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Succession2013-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Dependencies&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_microstates" title="European microstates">European microstates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_government_in_the_United_Kingdom_and_dependencies#Crown_Dependencies" title="List of current heads of government in the United Kingdom and dependencies">List of the leaders of the Crown Dependencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_charters_applying_to_the_Channel_Islands" title="Royal charters applying to the Channel Islands">Royal charters applying to the Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93Crown_Dependencies_Customs_Union" title="United Kingdom–Crown Dependencies Customs Union">United Kingdom–Crown Dependencies Customs Union</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Dependencies&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmjust/56/5604.htm">"Crown Dependencies – Justice Committee"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a>. 30 March 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120625201135/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmjust/56/5604.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crown+Dependencies+%E2%80%93+Justice+Committee&rft.pub=Parliament+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.date=2010-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm200910%2Fcmselect%2Fcmjust%2F56%2F5604.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Dependencies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Briefing2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Briefing2_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Briefing2_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Briefing2_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/about/moj/our-responsibilities/Background_Briefing_on_the_Crown_Dependencies2.pdf">"Background briefing on the Crown dependencies: Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Justice</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191102104306/http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/about/moj/our-responsibilities/Background_Briefing_on_the_Crown_Dependencies2.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Justice&rft.atitle=Background+briefing+on+the+Crown+dependencies%3A+Jersey%2C+Guernsey+and+the+Isle+of+Man&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov.uk%2Fdownloads%2Fabout%2Fmoj%2Four-responsibilities%2FBackground_Briefing_on_the_Crown_Dependencies2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Dependencies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-International_recognition-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-International_recognition_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-International_recognition_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507012447/http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/about/moj/our-responsibilities/crown-dependencies-factsheet.pdf">"Fact sheet on the UK's relationship with the Crown Dependencies"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Ministry of Justice</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/about/moj/our-responsibilities/crown-dependencies-factsheet.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 7 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Justice&rft.atitle=Fact+sheet+on+the+UK%27s+relationship+with+the+Crown+Dependencies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov.uk%2Fdownloads%2Fabout%2Fmoj%2Four-responsibilities%2Fcrown-dependencies-factsheet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Dependencies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-justice.gov.uk-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-justice.gov.uk_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-justice.gov.uk_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-justice.gov.uk_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/publications/moj/2010/gov-response-justice-select-committee-crowndependencies.pdf">"Government Response to the Justice Select Committee's report: Crown Dependencies"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Ministry of Justice</i>. November 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171108023424/http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/publications/moj/2010/gov-response-justice-select-committee-crowndependencies.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 8 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2008</span>. <q>The legislature passes primary legislation, which requires approval by The King in Council, and enacts subordinate legislation in many areas without any requirement for Royal Sanction and under powers conferred by primary legislation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=States+of+Jersey&rft.atitle=Profile+of+Jersey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.je%2FChiefMinister%2FInternational%2BRelations%2FProfile%2Bof%2BJersey.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Dependencies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFExpress" class="citation web cs1">Express, Bailiwick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gsy.bailiwickexpress.com/gsy/news/should-we-be-crown-dependencies-or-crown-dominions/">"Should we be Crown Dependencies… or Crown Dominions?"</a>. <i>Bailiwick Express</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=States+of+Jersey&rft.atitle=Review+of+the+Roles+of+the+Crown+Officers&rft.date=2010-05-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.je%2FSiteCollectionDocuments%2FGovernment%2520and%2520administration%2FR%2520Deputy%2520Bailiff%2520Transcript%252020100504WM%2520v1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Dependencies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Succession2013-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Succession2013_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Succession2013_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jerseylaw.je/laws/enacted/Pages/L-14-2013.aspx">"Succession to the Crown (Jersey) Law 2013"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Legal_Information_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey Legal Information Board">Jersey Legal Information Board</a></i>. 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2023</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Jersey_Legal_Information_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey Legal Information Board">Jersey Legal Information Board</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jersey+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Jersey%27s+Relationship+with+the+UK+Parliament+Revisited&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jerseylaw.je%2Fpublications%2Fjglr%2FPages%2FJLR1701_Dixon.aspx%23_ftn19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Dependencies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFExpress" class="citation web cs1">Express, Bailiwick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bailiwickexpress.com/jsy/news/should-we-be-crown-dependencies-or-crown-dominions/">"Should we be Crown Dependencies... or Crown Dominions?"</a>. <i>Bailiwick Express Jersey</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230212155410/https://www.bailiwickexpress.com/jsy/news/should-we-be-crown-dependencies-or-crown-dominions/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliament+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.atitle=Foreign+Affairs+Committee%3A+Written+evidence+from+the+States+of+Guernsey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm201213%2Fcmselect%2Fcmfaff%2F114%2F114we18.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Dependencies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130302143313/http://www.gov.im/lib/news/cso/isleofmanwelcome5.xml">"Isle of Man welcomes report on Commonwealth future"</a>. <i>Isle of Man Government</i>. 23 November 2012. 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Section 50 of the Act defines 'United Kingdom' for the purposes of that Act to include the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man, overriding the usual definition from Schedule 1 of the <a href="/wiki/Interpretation_Act_1978" title="Interpretation Act 1978">Interpretation Act 1978</a> which excludes them.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Protocol 3 of the Treaty of Accession of the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Denmark (OJ L 73, 27 March 1972).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201617/ldselect/ldeucom/136/136.pdf">"House of Lords European Union Committee – Brexit: the Crown Dependencies"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Parliament of the United Kingdom. 23 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731232914/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201617/ldselect/ldeucom/136/136.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 31 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=House+of+Lords+European+Union+Committee+%E2%80%93+Brexit%3A+the+Crown+Dependencies&rft.pub=Parliament+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.date=2017-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fld201617%2Fldselect%2Fldeucom%2F136%2F136.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Dependencies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GRBWP-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRBWP_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/604514/Great_repeal_bill_white_paper_print.pdf">"Legislating for the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Exiting_the_European_Union" title="Department for Exiting the European Union">Department for Exiting the European Union</a></i>. 30 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170425050851/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/604514/Great_repeal_bill_white_paper_print.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 25 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+for+Exiting+the+European+Union&rft.atitle=Legislating+for+the+United+Kingdom%27s+withdrawal+from+the+European+Union&rft.date=2017-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F604514%2FGreat_repeal_bill_white_paper_print.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Dependencies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorel" class="citation web cs1">Morel, Julian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bailiwickexpress.com/jsy/news/major-breakthrough-fishing-dispute-macron-allows-direct-talks/">"Major breakthrough in fishing dispute as Macron allows direct talks"</a>. <i>Bailiwick Express</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231030163700/https://www.bailiwickexpress.com/jsy/news/major-breakthrough-fishing-dispute-macron-allows-direct-talks/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bailiwick+Express&rft.atitle=Major+breakthrough+in+fishing+dispute+as+Macron+allows+direct+talks&rft.aulast=Morel&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bailiwickexpress.com%2Fjsy%2Fnews%2Fmajor-breakthrough-fishing-dispute-macron-allows-direct-talks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Dependencies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.je/News/2023/Pages/FrenchIDCardSchemeExtension.aspx">"Extension to ID cards scheme for French nationals travelling to Jersey"</a>. States of Jersey. 2 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Extension+to+ID+cards+scheme+for+French+nationals+travelling+to+Jersey&rft.pub=States+of+Jersey&rft.date=2023-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.je%2FNews%2F2023%2FPages%2FFrenchIDCardSchemeExtension.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Dependencies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As per the provisions of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1999/en/si/0097.html">S.I. No. 97/1999 — Aliens (Exemption) Order, 1999</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140617095206/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1999/en/si/0097.html">Archived</a> 17 June 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1999/en/act/pub/0022/print.html">Immigration Act 1999</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141016151857/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1999/en/act/pub/0022/print.html">Archived</a> 16 October 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/memorandum-of-understanding-between-the-uk-and-ireland-on-the-cta">"Memorandum of Understanding between the UK and Ireland on the CTA"</a>. <i>GOV.UK</i>. 8 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200614072846/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/memorandum-of-understanding-between-the-uk-and-ireland-on-the-cta">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.UK&rft.atitle=Memorandum+of+Understanding+between+the+UK+and+Ireland+on+the+CTA&rft.date=2019-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fpublications%2Fmemorandum-of-understanding-between-the-uk-and-ireland-on-the-cta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Dependencies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-olsen2-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-olsen2_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.careyolsen.com/briefings/brexit-impact-end-transition-period-guernsey-and-jersey">"Brexit: the impact of the end of the Transition Period on Guernsey and Jersey"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Carey_Olsen" title="Carey Olsen">Carey Olsen</a></i>. 18 January 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210303154328/https://www.careyolsen.com/briefings/brexit-impact-end-transition-period-guernsey-and-jersey">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2024</span>. <q>a new Customs Arrangement (the 'UK-CD Customs Union') between the UK and the Crown Dependencies, enabling the Islands to enjoy the benefit of free trade agreements entered into by the UK</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Carey+Olsen&rft.atitle=Brexit%3A+the+impact+of+the+end+of+the+Transition+Period+on+Guernsey+and+Jersey&rft.date=2021-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.careyolsen.com%2Fbriefings%2Fbrexit-impact-end-transition-period-guernsey-and-jersey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Dependencies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngeloni2020" class="citation web cs1">Angeloni, Cristian (28 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://international-adviser.com/crown-dependencies-weigh-in-on-start-of-brexit-negotiations/">"Crown dependencies weigh in on start of Brexit negotiations"</a>. <i>International Adviser</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Adviser&rft.atitle=Crown+dependencies+weigh+in+on+start+of+Brexit+negotiations&rft.date=2020-02-28&rft.aulast=Angeloni&rft.aufirst=Cristian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finternational-adviser.com%2Fcrown-dependencies-weigh-in-on-start-of-brexit-negotiations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Dependencies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2020/1432/made">"Customs (Tariff Quotas) (EU Exit) Regulations 2020"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a>, SI 2020/1432</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Customs+%28Tariff+Quotas%29+%28EU+Exit%29+Regulations+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F2020%2F1432%2Fmade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrown+Dependencies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crown_Dependencies&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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text" href="http://www.gov.im/">Isle of Man Government</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.gg/">States of Guernsey</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.je/">States of Jersey</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_Kingdom_constituents_and_affiliations" title="Template:United Kingdom constituents and affiliations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_Kingdom_constituents_and_affiliations" title="Template talk:United Kingdom constituents and affiliations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_Kingdom_constituents_and_affiliations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United Kingdom constituents and affiliations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries,_territories_and_dependencies_of_the_British_Crown" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries, territories and dependencies of the <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">British Crown</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a> <br />of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alderney" title="Alderney">Alderney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sark" title="Sark">Sark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gough_Island" title="Gough Island">Gough Island</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_that_have_gained_independence_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of countries that have gained independence from the United Kingdom">List of countries that have gained independence from the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Sovereign Base Areas</a>. <sup>2</sup> Partial suspension of sovereignty due to the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty_System" title="Antarctic Treaty System">Antarctic Treaty</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_Kingdom_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_Kingdom_topics" title="Template:United Kingdom topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_Kingdom_topics" title="Template talk:United Kingdom topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_Kingdom_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United Kingdom topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_Kingdom_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the United Kingdom">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_British_history" title="Timeline of British history">Chronology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formation_of_the_United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland">Formation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_England_and_Scotland_Act_1603" title="Union of England and Scotland Act 1603">Union of England and Scotland Act 1603</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Union" title="Treaty of Union">Treaty of Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union 1707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_with_Scotland_(Amendment)_Act_1707" title="Union with Scotland (Amendment) Act 1707">Union with Scotland (Amendment) Act 1707</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_era" title="Georgian era">Georgian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwardian_era" title="Edwardian era">Edwardian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_the_First_World_War" title="History of the United Kingdom during the First World War">First World War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interwar_Britain" title="Interwar Britain">Interwar</a></li> <li>Second World War <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United Kingdom home front during World War II">civilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II">military</a></li></ul></li> <li>Postwar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postwar_Britain_(1945%E2%80%931979)" class="mw-redirect" title="Postwar Britain (1945–1979)">political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_history_of_Postwar_Britain_(1945%E2%80%931979)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social history of Postwar Britain (1945–1979)">social</a></li></ul></li> <li>Since 1979 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1979%E2%80%93present)" title="Political history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)">political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1979%E2%80%93present)" title="Social history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)">social</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic history of the United Kingdom">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_(1814%E2%80%931919)" title="International relations (1814–1919)">1814–1919</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_law_enforcement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of law enforcement in the United Kingdom">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Maritime history of the United Kingdom">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mass_surveillance_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of mass surveillance in the United Kingdom">Mass surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Military history of the United Kingdom">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_taxation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of taxation in the United Kingdom">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of women in the United Kingdom">Women's history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Geography of the United Kingdom">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Administrative geography of the United Kingdom">Administrative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Counties of the United Kingdom">Counties of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Countries of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Crown Dependencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">City status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of towns in the United Kingdom">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_that_have_gained_independence_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of countries that have gained independence from the United Kingdom">Former colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Geography of the United Kingdom">Physical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminology_of_the_British_Isles" title="Terminology of the British Isles">terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Climate of the United Kingdom">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Climate change in the United Kingdom">change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastline_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Coastline of the United Kingdom">Coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Great_Britain" title="Geology of Great Britain">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_and_lochs_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of lakes and lochs of the United Kingdom">Lakes and lochs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_mountains_and_hills_in_the_British_Isles" title="Lists of mountains and hills in the British Isles">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of rivers of the United Kingdom">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of volcanoes in the United Kingdom">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_renewable_resources_produced_and_traded_by_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of renewable resources produced and traded by the United Kingdom">Resources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Agriculture in the United Kingdom">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Energy in the United Kingdom">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiesel_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Biodiesel in the United Kingdom">biodiesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_mining_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Coal mining in the United Kingdom">coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Geothermal power in the United Kingdom">geothermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic fracturing in the United Kingdom">hydraulic frac.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hydroelectricity in the United Kingdom">hydroelectricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_Kingdom#Ocean_power" title="Renewable energy in the United Kingdom">marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_oil" title="North Sea oil">North Sea oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Renewable energy in the United Kingdom">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Solar power in the United Kingdom">solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wind power in the United Kingdom">wind</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fishing <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_England" title="Fishing industry in England">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Scotland" title="Fishing industry in Scotland">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Wales" title="Fishing industry in Wales">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_and_shooting_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom">Hunting</a></li> <li>Materials <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Forestry in the United Kingdom">forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mining in the United Kingdom">mining</a></li></ul></li> <li>Wildlife <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Great_Britain" title="Fauna of Great Britain">fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Flora of Great Britain and Ireland">flora</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Politics of the United Kingdom">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constitution of the United Kingdom">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Corruption in the United Kingdom">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">Devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Elections in the United Kingdom">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UK_parliamentary_by-elections" title="UK parliamentary by-elections">By-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Foreign relations of the United Kingdom">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Human rights in the United Kingdom">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United Kingdom">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Judiciaries of the United Kingdom">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Law of the United Kingdom">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Law enforcement in the United Kingdom">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Local government in the United Kingdom">Local government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">Monarchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Republicanism in the United Kingdom">republicanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of political parties in the United Kingdom">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_leaders_of_British_political_parties" title="List of female leaders of British political parties">Female party leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_scandals_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of political scandals in the United Kingdom">Political scandals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_Shadow_Cabinet_(United_Kingdom)" title="Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet (United Kingdom)">Shadow Cabinet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cabinet of the United Kingdom">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_governments" title="List of British governments">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_(United_Kingdom)" title="Civil Service (United Kingdom)">Civil service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_the_Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Departments of the Government of the United Kingdom">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunak_ministry" title="Sunak ministry">Ministers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_government_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of government ministers of the United Kingdom">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Naval_Service" title="His Majesty's Naval Service">His Majesty's Naval Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="United Kingdom and weapons of mass destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economy of the United Kingdom">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of banks in the United Kingdom">Banks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Budget of the United Kingdom">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic geography of the United Kingdom">Economic geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreements_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom">Free trade agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Income in the United Kingdom">Income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Manufacturing in the United Kingdom">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Pound sterling <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Science and technology in the United Kingdom">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges_in_the_United_Kingdom,_the_British_Crown_Dependencies_and_United_Kingdom_Overseas_Territories" title="List of stock exchanges in the United Kingdom, the British Crown Dependencies and United Kingdom Overseas Territories">Stock exchanges</a> (<a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Exchange</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Taxation in the United Kingdom">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telecommunications in the United Kingdom">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Tourism in the United Kingdom">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Transport in the United Kingdom">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_transport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Air transport in the United Kingdom">Air transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Bus transport">Bus transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Driving in the United Kingdom">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Roads in the United Kingdom">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in the United Kingdom">Rail transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Society of the United Kingdom">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cannabis in the United Kingdom">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Crime in the United Kingdom">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Demographics of the United Kingdom">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Drug policy of the United Kingdom">Drug policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Education in the United Kingdom">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_inequality_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Environmental inequality in the United Kingdom">Environmental inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Environmental issues in the United Kingdom">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Health in the United Kingdom">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Homelessness in the United Kingdom">Homelessness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_England" title="Homelessness in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Scotland" title="Homelessness in Scotland">Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Housing in the United Kingdom">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hunger in the United Kingdom">Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_immigration_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="Modern immigration to the United Kingdom">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_innovations_and_discoveries" title="List of British innovations and discoveries">Innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Languages of the United Kingdom">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_regions_by_life_expectancy" title="List of British regions by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mental health in the United Kingdom">Mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Poverty in the United Kingdom">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prostitution in the United Kingdom">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Public holidays in the United Kingdom">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Racism in the United Kingdom">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_care_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Social care in the United Kingdom">Social care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Social class in the United Kingdom">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Suicide in the United Kingdom">Suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_basic_income_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Universal basic income in the United Kingdom">Universal basic income (UBI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Waste in the United Kingdom">Waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Welfare state in the United Kingdom">Welfare state</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Culture of the United Kingdom">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Art of the United Kingdom">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wine_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wine from the United Kingdom">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_national_identity" title="British national identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_literature" title="British literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mass media in the United Kingdom">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Music of the United Kingdom">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Religion in the United Kingdom">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Sport in the United Kingdom">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_symbols_of_the_United_Kingdom,_the_Channel_Islands_and_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of national symbols of the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Theatre of the United Kingdom">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_the_British" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereotypes of the British">Stereotypes of the British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Countries of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_England" title="History of England">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_society" title="English society">social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_English_history" title="Timeline of English history">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_England" title="Geography of England">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_England" title="Politics of England">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_England" title="Economy of England">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_England" title="Tourism in England">tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_England" title="Education in England">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_England" title="Healthcare in England">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_England" title="Homelessness in England">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_England" title="Culture of England">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_England" title="National symbols of England">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Northern_Ireland" title="History of Northern Ireland">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland#Geography_and_climate" title="Northern Ireland">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Politics of Northern Ireland">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Executive" title="Northern Ireland Executive">Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_and_deputy_First_Minister_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland">First Minister and deputy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Law of Northern Ireland">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Economy of Northern Ireland">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Ireland" title="List of tourist attractions in Ireland">tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Education in Northern Ireland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_and_Social_Care_(Northern_Ireland)" title="Health and Social Care (Northern Ireland)">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Culture of Northern Ireland">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Religion in Northern Ireland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland#Symbols" title="Northern Ireland">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scotland" title="History of Scotland">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Scottish_history" title="Timeline of Scottish history">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Scotland" title="Geography of Scotland">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Scotland" title="Politics of Scotland">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Scotland" title="First Minister of Scotland">First Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_law" title="Scots law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Scotland" title="Economy of Scotland">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Scotland" title="Tourism in Scotland">tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Scotland" title="Education in Scotland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Scotland" title="Healthcare in Scotland">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Scotland" title="Homelessness in Scotland">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Scotland" title="Culture of Scotland">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Scotland" title="Religion in Scotland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Scotland" title="National symbols of Scotland">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wales" title="History of Wales">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Wales" title="Geography of Wales">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Wales" title="Politics of Wales">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Senedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Wales" title="First Minister of Wales">First Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_law" title="Welsh law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Wales" title="Economy of Wales">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Wales" title="Tourism in Wales">tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Wales" title="Education in Wales">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Wales" title="Healthcare in Wales">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Wales" title="Culture of Wales">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wales" title="Religion in Wales">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Wales" title="National symbols of Wales">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Outline of the United Kingdom">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_United_Kingdom%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of United Kingdom–related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_Kingdom" title="Category:United Kingdom">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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