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Pentru înscriere de articole la concurs (nominalizări), condiții de eligibilitate, punctare și alte detalii, vă rugăm să accesați \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Concurs_de_scriere\" title=\"Wikipedia:Concurs de scriere\"\u003Epagina\u0026#160;concursului\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"clear: both;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cuprins" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tipuri_de_sol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tipuri_de_sol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tipuri de sol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tipuri_de_sol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galerie_de_imagini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galerie_de_imagini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Galerie de imagini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galerie_de_imagini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sol (strat al Pământului)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 135 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-135" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">135 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grond" title="Grond – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Grond" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suelo" title="Suelo – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Suelo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="تربة – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تربة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="মাটি – asameză" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মাটি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suelu" title="Suelu – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Suelu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laq%27a" title="Laq'a – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Laq'a" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpaq" title="Torpaq – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Torpaq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="توپراق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="توپراق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%A1" title="Тупраҡ – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тупраҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%97rva" title="Dėrva – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Dėrva" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tano" title="Tano – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Tano" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daga" title="Daga – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Daga" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Глеба – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Глеба" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Глеба – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Глеба" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tana" title="Tana – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Tana" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Почва – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Почва" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="माटी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="माटी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="মাটি – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাটি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douar" title="Douar – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Douar" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlo" title="Tlo – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tlo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B2l" title="Sòl – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sòl" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B9" title="Tù – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tù" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Латта – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Латта" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%86%DA%B5" title="خۆڵ – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خۆڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra" title="Terra – corsicană" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Terra" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corsicană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%AFda" title="Půda – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Půda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тăпра – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тăпра" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pridd" title="Pridd – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pridd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jord" title="Jord – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jord" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boden_(Bodenkunde)" title="Boden (Bodenkunde) – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Boden (Bodenkunde)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Έδαφος – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έδαφος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil" title="Soil – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Soil" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grundo" title="Grundo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Grundo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suelo" title="Suelo – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Suelo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muld" title="Muld – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Muld" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurzoru" title="Lurzoru – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lurzoru" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="خاک – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خاک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maaper%C3%A4" title="Maaperä – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maaperä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qele" title="Qele – fijiană" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Qele" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol_(p%C3%A9dologie)" title="Sol (pédologie) – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sol (pédologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boaiem_(ierde)" title="Boaiem (ierde) – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Boaiem (ierde)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ithir" title="Ithir – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ithir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%99ir" title="Ùir – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ùir" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solo" title="Solo – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Solo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%98asa_(shinfidar_%C6%99asa)" title="Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa) – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa)" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%BA" title="Thú – chineză hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thú" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chineză hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%A2" title="קרקע – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרקע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE" title="मृदा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मृदा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlo" title="Tlo – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tlo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaj" title="Talaj – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Talaj" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%B2" title="Հող – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հող" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah" title="Tanah – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tanah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulo" title="Sulo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sulo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jar%C3%B0vegur" title="Jarðvegur – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jarðvegur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suolo" title="Suolo – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Suolo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%8C" title="土壌 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="土壌" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemah" title="Lemah – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lemah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ნიადაგი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიადაგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akal_(tasnakalt)" title="Akal (tasnakalt) – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Akal (tasnakalt)" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanoh" title="Tanoh – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Tanoh" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Топырақ – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Топырақ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%81" title="ಮಣ್ಣು – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಣ್ಣು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9D%99" title="흙 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="흙" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ax" title="Ax – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ax" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Топурак – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Топурак" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra_(solum)" title="Terra (solum) – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Terra (solum)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerdbaom" title="Aerdbaom – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Aerdbaom" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirvo%C5%BEemis" title="Dirvožemis – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dirvožemis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augsne" title="Augsne – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Augsne" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nofon-tany" title="Nofon-tany – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Nofon-tany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah" title="Tanah – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Tanah" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Почва – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Почва" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D" title="മണ്ണ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മണ്ണ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%81" title="Хөрс – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хөрс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD" title="တိ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="တိ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="माती – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="माती" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah" title="Tanah – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tanah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Мода – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Мода" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlalli" title="Tlalli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlalli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B" title="माटो – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="माटो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodem" title="Bodem – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bodem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jord" title="Jord – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jord" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jord" title="Jord – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jord" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80" title="ਮਿੱਟੀ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਿੱਟੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil" title="Soil – pidgin nigerian" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Soil" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="pidgin nigerian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gleba" title="Gleba – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gleba" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="مٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87" title="خاوره – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="خاوره" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solo" title="Solo – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Solo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allpa" title="Allpa – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Allpa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terren" title="Terren – romanșă" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Terren" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanșă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimintu" title="Pimintu – aromână" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Pimintu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromână" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Почва – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Почва" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Буор – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Буор" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱦᱟᱥᱟ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱦᱟᱥᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirrinu" title="Tirrinu – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tirrinu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syle" title="Syle – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Syle" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%BD%D9%8A" title="مٽي – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مٽي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlo" title="Tlo – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tlo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akal" title="Akal – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Akal" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil" title="Soil – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Soil" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B4da" title="Pôda – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pôda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prst_(pedologija)" title="Prst (pedologija) – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Prst (pedologija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaga" title="Dhaga – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Dhaga" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dheu" title="Dheu – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dheu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Тло – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тло" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taneuh" title="Taneuh – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Taneuh" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jord" title="Jord – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jord" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udongo" title="Udongo – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Udongo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/lala%27" title="lala' – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="lala'" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D" title="மண் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மண்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/rhzyal(%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0)" title="rhzyal(土地) – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="rhzyal(土地)" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮಣ್ಣ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಮಣ್ಣ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF" title="మట్టి – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మట్టి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Хок – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хок" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ดิน – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupa" title="Lupa – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lupa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelekele" title="Kelekele – tongană" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kelekele" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toprak" title="Toprak – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Toprak" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Туфрак – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Туфрак" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%87%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="تۇپراق – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تۇپراق" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Ґрунт – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ґрунт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="مٹی – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مٹی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuproq" title="Tuproq – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tuproq" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahuz" title="Mahuz – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mahuz" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A5t" title="Đất – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eirde_(ground)" title="Eirde (ground) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Eirde (ground)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tuna" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A0%87%E6%B3%A5" title="堇泥 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="堇泥" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umhlaba" title="Umhlaba – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Umhlaba" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9F" title="באדן – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="באדן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namh" title="Namh – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Namh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4" title="土壤 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="土壤" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B4%CD%98" title="Thô͘ – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thô͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E5%9C%9F" title="泥土 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="泥土" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36133#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sol_(strat_al_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului)&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sol_(strat_al_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului)&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header 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vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sol_(strat_al_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului)"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sol_(strat_al_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului)&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sol_(strat_al_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului)&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sol_(strat_al_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului)&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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.ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}</style><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-content ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/50px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/75px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/100px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Acest articol sau această secțiune are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor">bibliografia</a> incompletă sau inexistentă.</b><br /> Puteți contribui prin adăugarea de referințe în vederea <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificabilitate" title="Wikipedia:Verificabilitate">susținerii bibliografice</a> a afirmațiilor pe care le conține.<span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Stagnogley.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Stagnogley.JPG/300px-Stagnogley.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Stagnogley.JPG/450px-Stagnogley.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Stagnogley.JPG/600px-Stagnogley.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1511" data-file-height="1179" /></a><figcaption>Profilul unui sol</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Solul</b> este partea superioară, <a href="/wiki/Af%C3%A2nare" title="Afânare">afânată</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Litosfer%C4%83" title="Litosferă">litosferei</a>, care se află într-o continuă evoluție sub influența factorilor pedogenetici, reprezentând stratul superficial al <a href="/wiki/P%C4%83m%C3%A2nt" title="Pământ">Pământului</a> în care se dezvoltă viața vegetală. Stratul fertil al solului conține <a href="/wiki/Nutrien%C8%9Bi_ai_solului" title="Nutrienți ai solului">nutrienți</a> și este alcătuit din <a href="/wiki/Humus" title="Humus">humus</a> și din <a href="/wiki/Loess" title="Loess">loess</a>. El poate proveni și din <a href="/wiki/Mulci" title="Mulci">mulci</a>. Un sol lipsit de o cantitate suficientă de nutrienți se numește <a href="/wiki/Oligotrofic" class="mw-redirect" title="Oligotrofic">oligotrofic</a>. </p><p>Știința care studiază geneza, evoluția, structura și distribuția solurilor se numește <a href="/wiki/Pedologie_(studiul_solurilor)" title="Pedologie (studiul solurilor)">pedologie</a>. </p><p>Solul înghețat permanent sau temporar se numește gelisol. Partea de dedesubt, ce rămâne înghețată permanent, se numește pergelisol sau <a href="/wiki/Permafrost" title="Permafrost">permafrost</a>. Partea de la suprafață, care se dezgheață vara, se numește molisol. Zonele de pe glob care sunt afectate profund de îngheț formează criolitozona. </p><p>În zonele cu pergelisol gros, procesul repetat îngheț-dezgheț dă naștere la un microrelief dispus anarhic (similar <a href="/wiki/Carst" title="Carst">carstului</a>) numit <i>criocarst</i> sau <i><a href="/wiki/Termocarst" title="Termocarst">termocarst</a></i>. </p><p>De studiul gelisolului se ocupă <a href="/wiki/Geocriologie" title="Geocriologie">geocriologia</a>. </p><p>Alte tipuri de soluri sunt: </p> <ul><li>sol aluvionar - Tip de sol cu o structură foarte variată ce apare pe <a href="/wiki/Lunc%C4%83_inundabil%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Luncă inundabilă">luncile inundabile</a>. Sunt soluri foarte productive, bogate în <a href="/wiki/Nutrien%C8%9Bi_ai_solului" title="Nutrienți ai solului">nutrienți</a>.</li> <li>sol azonal - Soluri de evoluție incipientă, fără orizonturi distincte, formate pe depozite recente, răspândite pe mici areale.</li> <li>sol calcimorfic - Tip de sol aflat deasupra unui strat bogat în <a href="/wiki/Calciu" title="Calciu">calciu</a>.</li> <li>sol hidromorfic - Tip de sol ale cărui procese pedologice sunt dominate de prezența unei cantități abundente de apă.</li> <li>de tundră (se găsesc în zona de tundră, și sunt sărace în humus)</li> <li>cenușii (se găsesc în puținele locuri din deșert în care vegetația este prezentă, grosime foarte mică)</li> <li>roșii (se găsesc în zonele subecuatoriale unde se dezvoltă savanele, ele au o fertilitate bună dar se degradează repede)</li> <li>laterice (se găsesc în zonele ecuatoriale, sărace în humus, culoare roșie)</li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tipuri_de_sol">Tipuri de sol</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sol_(strat_al_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Tipuri de sol" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sol_(strat_al_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Tipuri de sol"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În anul 2003 Institutul de Cercetări pentru Pedologie a adoptat o nouă clasificare a solurilor SRTS (Sistemul Român de Taxonomie a Solurilor) </p><p>Conform SRTS există următoarele clase și tipuri de sol: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="661"> <tbody><tr> <th width="259" valign="top">Clasa de sol </th> <th width="402" valign="top">Tipurile de sol </th></tr> <tr> <td>Protisolurile (solurile neevoluate) </td> <td>litosolul, <p>regosolul, psamosolul, aluvisolul entiantrosolul </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cernisolurile (molisolurile) </td> <td>kastanoziom, <p>cernoziom calcaric cernoziom, cernoziom cambic, faeoziom cambic, faeoziom argic, faeoziom greic, faeoziom marmic, rendzina. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Umbrisolurile </td> <td>nigrosolul, <p>humosiosolul. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cambisolurile </td> <td>eutricambisolul, <p>terra rossa, districambisolul. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Luvisolurile (argiluvisolurile) </td> <td>preluvisolul tipic, <p>preluvisolul roscat, luvosolul tipic, luvosolul albic, planosolul si alosolul. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spodisolurile (spodosolurile) </td> <td>prepodzolul, <p>podzolul, criptopodzolul. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pelisolurile (vertisolurile) </td> <td>pelosolul, <p>vertosolul. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Andisolurile </td> <td>andosolul. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hidrisolurile (solurile hidromorfe) </td> <td>stagnosolul, <p>gleisolul, limnisolul. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Salsodisolurile (solurile halomorfe) </td> <td>solonceacul, <p>solonetul. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Histisolurile (solurile organice sau histosolurile) </td> <td>histosolul, <p>folisolul. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antrisolurile (solurile trunchiate si desfundate) </td> <td>erodosolul, <p>antrosolul. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Profilul de sol denumit și profil pedogenetic este constituit dintr-o succesiune de orizonturi pedogenetice de la suprafața terenului până la roca de solificare. Solul apare structurat în straturi paralele și mult paralele. Aceste straturi s-au format în decursul procesului de formare a solului și sunt denumite orizonturi pedogenetice. Principalii indicatori sunt: orizontul pedogenetic, grosimea orizontului, textura, culoarea, prezența scheletului, structura, umiditatea, plasticitatea, neoformațiuni, tipul de humus și volumul edafic util. </p><p>Profilele pedogenetice se deosebesc între ele prin gradul de dezvoltare a profilului estimat după numărul de orizonturi, intensitatea de <a href="/wiki/Bioacumulare" title="Bioacumulare">bioacumulare</a>; după gradul de diferențiere; după gradul de individualizare apreciat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galerie_de_imagini">Galerie de imagini</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sol_(strat_al_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Galerie de imagini" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sol_(strat_al_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Galerie de imagini"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Soil_sci.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Profilul solului"><img alt="Profilul solului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Soil_sci.jpg/94px-Soil_sci.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Soil_sci.jpg/141px-Soil_sci.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Soil_sci.jpg/189px-Soil_sci.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="458" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Profilul solului</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Oklahoma_state_soil.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Profilul unui sol din Oklahoma"><img alt="Profilul unui sol din Oklahoma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Oklahoma_state_soil.JPG/84px-Oklahoma_state_soil.JPG" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Oklahoma_state_soil.JPG/126px-Oklahoma_state_soil.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Oklahoma_state_soil.JPG/168px-Oklahoma_state_soil.JPG 2x" data-file-width="242" data-file-height="346" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Profilul unui sol din Oklahoma</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Erosion.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eroziunea solului"><img alt="Eroziunea solului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Erosion.jpg/79px-Erosion.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Erosion.jpg/119px-Erosion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Erosion.jpg/159px-Erosion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1769" data-file-height="2670" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eroziunea_solului" title="Eroziunea solului">Eroziunea solului</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Eroded_paddock.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eroziunea solului"><img alt="Eroziunea solului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Eroded_paddock.jpg/120px-Eroded_paddock.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Eroded_paddock.jpg/180px-Eroded_paddock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Eroded_paddock.jpg/240px-Eroded_paddock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eroziunea_solului" title="Eroziunea solului">Eroziunea solului</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sol_(strat_al_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sol_(strat_al_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USDA_Soil_Taxonomy" title="USDA Soil Taxonomy">USDA Soil Taxonomy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sol_(strat_al_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sol_(strat_al_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear:right;border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0 0 1em 1em;font-size:90%;background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9f9);color:color:var(--color-base, #000);width:230px;padding:2px;spacing:2px;text-align:center;float:right"><div style="float:left;vertical-align:middle"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></div><div style="margin-left:35px;line-height:normal;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> conține materiale multimedia legate de <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Soil?uselang=ro">Sol</a></b></span></div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chimiamediului.ro/2009/10/12/clasificarea-solurilor/">Clasificarea solurilor</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100118170713/http://www.chimiamediului.ro/2009/10/12/clasificarea-solurilor/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2010-01-18">18 ianuarie 2010</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harti-orase.ro/harta/solurilor/">Harta solurilor din România</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Minerale" title="Format:Minerale"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Minerale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Minerale — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Minerale&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;">Minerale, roci, soluri și zăcăminte</span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">Minerale</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/Abelsonit" title="Abelsonit">Abelsonit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Acvamarin" title="Acvamarin">Acvamarin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Adamit" title="Adamit">Adamit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Adular" title="Adular">Adular</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Agat" title="Agat">Agat</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Aguilarit" title="Aguilarit">Aguilarit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ajoit" title="Ajoit">Ajoit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Alabastru" title="Alabastru">Alabastru</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Albit" title="Albit">Albit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Allanit" title="Allanit">Allanit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Almandin" title="Almandin">Almandin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Altait" title="Altait">Altait</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Aluminit" title="Aluminit">Aluminit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Amazonit" title="Amazonit">Amazonit</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ametist" title="Ametist">Ametist</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ametrin" title="Ametrin">Ametrin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Amfiboli" title="Amfiboli">Amfiboli</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Andaluzit" title="Andaluzit">Andaluzit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Anhidrit" title="Anhidrit">Anhidrit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Anortit" title="Anortit">Anortit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Apatit" title="Apatit">Apatit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Aragonit" title="Aragonit">Aragonit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Argentit" title="Argentit">Argentit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Arsenopirit%C4%83" title="Arsenopirită">Arsenopirită</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Auricalcit" title="Auricalcit">Auricalcit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Auripigment" title="Auripigment">Auripigment</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Autunit" title="Autunit">Autunit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Azbest" title="Azbest">Azbest</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Azurit" title="Azurit">Azurit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Baritin%C4%83" title="Baritină">Baritină</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Beril" title="Beril">Beril</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Biotit" title="Biotit">Biotit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Blend%C4%83" title="Blendă">Blendă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Boracit" title="Boracit">Boracit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Borax" title="Borax">Borax</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Brochantit" title="Brochantit">Brochantit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Calcedonie" title="Calcedonie">Calcedonie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Calcit" title="Calcit">Calcit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Calcopirit%C4%83" title="Calcopirită">Calcopirită</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Carneol" title="Carneol">Carneol</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cinabru" title="Cinabru">Cinabru</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Citrin" title="Citrin">Citrin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Clorur%C4%83_de_amoniu" title="Clorură de amoniu">Clorură de amoniu</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Coffinit" title="Coffinit">Coffinit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Corindon" title="Corindon">Corindon</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cristobalit" title="Cristobalit">Cristobalit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cuar%C8%9B" title="Cuarț">Cuarț</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">Diamant</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Diopsid" title="Diopsid">Diopsid</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Dolomit_(mineral)" title="Dolomit (mineral)">Dolomit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Dumortierit" title="Dumortierit">Dumortierit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Epidot" title="Epidot">Epidot</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Feldspat" title="Feldspat">Feldspat</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fluorin%C4%83" title="Fluorină">Fluorină</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Galen%C4%83" title="Galenă">Galenă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gips" class="mw-redirect" title="Gips">Gips</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Goetit" title="Goetit">Goetit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">Grafit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Granat" title="Granat">Granat</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Hematit" title="Hematit">Hematit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Hidroboracit" title="Hidroboracit">Hidroboracit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ilmenit" title="Ilmenit">Ilmenit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Jasp" title="Jasp">Jasp</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Labradorit" title="Labradorit">Labradorit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Limonit" title="Limonit">Limonit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Magnetit" title="Magnetit">Magnetit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Magnezit" title="Magnezit">Magnezit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Malachit" title="Malachit">Malachit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Marcasit%C4%83" title="Marcasită">Marcasită</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mic%C4%83" title="Mică">Mică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Moldavit" title="Moldavit">Moldavit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Monazit" title="Monazit">Monazit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nobleit" title="Nobleit">Nobleit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ochi_de_tigru" title="Ochi de tigru">Ochi de tigru</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Olivin%C4%83" title="Olivină">Olivină</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Onix" title="Onix">Onix</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Opal" title="Opal">Opal</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pirit%C4%83" title="Pirită">Pirită</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Piroxeni" title="Piroxeni">Piroxeni</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Realgar" title="Realgar">Realgar</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rodocrozit" title="Rodocrozit">Rodocrozit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin">Rubin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rutil" title="Rutil">Rutil</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Safir" title="Safir">Safir</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sare_gem%C4%83" title="Sare gemă">Sare gemă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Silvin%C4%83" title="Silvină">Silvină</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Smarald" title="Smarald">Smarald</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Carbonat_de_sodiu" title="Carbonat de sodiu">Sodă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Spessartin" title="Spessartin">Spessartin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Spinel" title="Spinel">Spinel</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Stibin%C4%83_(mineral)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stibină (mineral)">Stibină</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Talc" title="Talc">Talc</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tanzanit" title="Tanzanit">Tanzanit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Titanit" title="Titanit">Titanit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Topaz" title="Topaz">Topaz</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Turmalin%C4%83" title="Turmalină">Turmalină</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Vanadinit" title="Vanadinit">Vanadinit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Vivianit" title="Vivianit">Vivianit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Wolastonit" title="Wolastonit">Wolastonit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Wolframit" title="Wolframit">Wolframit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Zircon" title="Zircon">Zircon</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Zoisit" title="Zoisit">Zoisit</a> </p> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Roc%C4%83" title="Rocă">Roci</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/Andezit" title="Andezit">Andezit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Argil%C4%83" title="Argilă">Argilă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bauxit%C4%83" title="Bauxită">Bauxită</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bazalt" title="Bazalt">Bazalt</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bentonit" title="Bentonit">Bentonit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Calcar" title="Calcar">Calcar</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Caolin" title="Caolin">Caolin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Caolinit" title="Caolinit">Caolinit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Conglomerat" title="Conglomerat">Conglomerat</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Dacit" title="Dacit">Dacit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Diabaz" title="Diabaz">Diabaz</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Diatomit" title="Diatomit">Diatomit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Diorit" title="Diorit">Diorit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Dolomit_(roc%C4%83)" title="Dolomit (rocă)">Dolomit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gabro" title="Gabro">Gabro</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gnais" title="Gnais">Gnais</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Granit" title="Granit">Granit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gresie_(geologie)" title="Gresie (geologie)">Gresie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Loess" title="Loess">Loess</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Marmur%C4%83" title="Marmură">Marmură</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Minerale_argiloase" title="Minerale argiloase">Minerale argiloase</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nisip" title="Nisip">Nisip</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">Obsidian</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pegmatit" title="Pegmatit">Pegmatit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Peridotit" title="Peridotit">Peridotit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pietri%C8%99" title="Pietriș">Pietriș</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Porfir_(roc%C4%83)" title="Porfir (rocă)">Porfir</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Riolit" title="Riolit">Riolit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Suevit" title="Suevit">Suevit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Trahit" title="Trahit">Trahit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Travertin" title="Travertin">Travertin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tuf" title="Tuf">Tuf</a> </p> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Soluri</a> și <a href="/wiki/Z%C4%83c%C4%83m%C3%A2nt" title="Zăcământ">zăcăminte</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <p><a href="/wiki/Straturile_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului" title="Straturile Pământului">Straturile Pământului</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sol</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Antracit" title="Antracit">Antracit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83rbune" title="Cărbune">Cărbune</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Filon_(z%C4%83c%C4%83m%C3%A2nt)" title="Filon (zăcământ)">Filon</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gaz_natural" title="Gaz natural">Gaz natural</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Lav%C4%83" title="Lavă">Lavă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Magm%C4%83" title="Magmă">Magmă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Minereu" title="Minereu">Minereu</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Piroclaste" title="Piroclaste">Piroclaste</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Petrol" title="Petrol">Petrol</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Substan%C8%9Be_minerale" class="mw-redirect" title="Substanțe minerale">Substanțe minerale</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Vulcanism" title="Vulcanism">Vulcanism</a> </p> </div></div>  </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Geologie" title="Categorie:Geologie">Geologie</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513826">.mw-parser-output .navbox{margin:0 auto 0}@media 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