CINXE.COM

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<h1>Cardiovascular System Research</h1> <p>The cardiovascular, or circulatory, system is a closed elastic circuit consisting of the heart, blood vessels (arteries, capillaries and veins) and the blood. The primary function is to pump oxygenated blood to the tissues throughout the body and reabsorb waste carbon dioxide for its removal. This function is performed by the use of pulmonary and systemic circulation.</p> <div class="tabbed_content"> <div class="tab_menu"> <div class="tab tab_1 tab_open" data-tab="1" data-tabname="products" id="pharm_tabs_products"> <span>Research Areas</span></div> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_1 tab_open" data-tab="1"> <div class="pharm_sub_cats"><h3>Cardiovascular Disease Product Areas</h3><ul class="tile_column_1"><li><a href="/research-area/arrhythmia-research" title="Browse products for Arrhythmia Research">Arrhythmia Research</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/atherosclerosis-research" title="Browse products for Atherosclerosis Research">Atherosclerosis Research</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/heart-failure-research" title="Browse products for Heart Failure Research">Heart Failure Research</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/hypertension-research" title="Browse products for Hypertension Research">Hypertension Research</a></li></ul><ul class="tile_column_2"><li><a href="/research-area/ischemia-and-reperfusion-injury-research" title="Browse products for Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Research">Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Research</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/myocardial-infarction-research" title="Browse products for Myocardial Infarction Research">Myocardial Infarction Research</a></li><li><a href="/research-area/thrombosis-and-hemostasis-research" title="Browse products for Thrombosis & Hemostasis Research">Thrombosis & Hemostasis Research</a></li></ul><h3>Cardiovascular System Research Product Areas</h3><ul class="tile_column_1"><li><a href="/pharmacology/acetylcholine-muscarinic-receptors" title="Browse products for Acetylcholine Muscarinic Receptors">Acetylcholine Muscarinic Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/adrenergic-receptors" title="Browse products for Adrenergic Receptors">Adrenergic Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/cell-biology/angiogenesis" title="Browse products for Angiogenesis">Angiogenesis</a></li><li><a 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Pumps/Transporters</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/lxr-like-receptors" title="Browse products for LXR-like Receptors">LXR-like Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/matrix-metalloproteases" title="Browse products for Matrix Metalloproteases">Matrix Metalloproteases</a></li><li><a href="/cell-biology/nitric-oxide-signaling" title="Browse products for Nitric Oxide Signaling">Nitric Oxide Signaling</a></li></ul><ul class="tile_column_2"><li><a href="/cell-biology/oxidative-phosphorylation" title="Browse products for Oxidative Phosphorylation">Oxidative Phosphorylation</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/oxygenases-and-oxidases" title="Browse products for Oxygenases/Oxidases">Oxygenases/Oxidases</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/phosphodiesterases" title="Browse products for Phosphodiesterases">Phosphodiesterases</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/piezo-channels" title="Browse products for Piezo Channels">Piezo Channels</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/plasminogen-activator-inhibitor-1" title="Browse products for Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1">Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/platelet-activating-factor-paf-receptors" title="Browse products for Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) Receptors">Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/prostanoid-receptors" title="Browse products for Prostanoid Receptors">Prostanoid Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/protease-activated-receptors" title="Browse products for Protease-Activated Receptors">Protease-Activated Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/protein-disulfide-isomerase" title="Browse products for Protein Disulfide Isomerase">Protein Disulfide Isomerase</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/purinergic-p2x-receptors" title="Browse products for Purinergic (P2X) Receptors">Purinergic (P2X) Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/purinergic-p2y-receptors" title="Browse products for Purinergic (P2Y) Receptors">Purinergic (P2Y) Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/urotensin-ii-receptors" title="Browse products for Urotensin-II Receptors">Urotensin-II Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/vasopressin-receptors" title="Browse products for Vasopressin Receptors">Vasopressin Receptors</a></li><li><a href="/pharmacology/vip-receptors" title="Browse products for VIP Receptors">VIP Receptors</a></li></ul></div> <div class="pharm_long_desc"><p>The pulmonary circulation controls the blood that flows between the heart and lungs for gaseous exchange. The right ventricle of the heart pumps blood to the lungs where oxygen enters the bloodstream. Upon oxygenation, blood enters systemic circulation, originating from the left side of the heart. The left ventricle of the heart circulates oxygenated blood throughout the body in the arteries and oxygen is released at capillaries of individual tissues. Here, the tissues excrete waste CO<sub>2</sub> which is reabsorbed into the blood and returned by veins to the right ventricle of the heart, returning to pulmonary circulation and completing the circuit. The cardiovascular system also maintains bodily pH, temperature, cellular salt and water content and the transport of hormones and nutrients.</p> <h5>Cardiovascular Disease</h5> <p>Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally, accounting for about 30% of deaths worldwide. The term refers to a collection of diseases which affect the heart and blood vessels. These conditions can be genetic in nature or triggered by infection, but the major influences on the development of cardiovascular disease are environmental factors including a high saturated fat intake and a sedentary lifestyle.</p> <p>One of the most common cardiovascular diseases is <a href='/research-area/atherosclerosis-research' title='View products for Atherosclerosis Research'>atherosclerosis</a> - a condition which is characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits within arterial walls and which can trigger <a href='/research-area/myocardial-infarction-research' title='View products for Myocardial Infarction Research'>heart attack</a> or <a href='/research-area/stroke-research' title='View products for Stroke Research'>stroke</a> through the formation of a <a href='/research-area/thrombosis-and-hemostasis-research' title='View products for Thrombosis & Hemostasis Research'>blood clot</a>. Damage to the heart muscle caused by a heart attack can alter the contractility of the heart, leading to irregular heartbeats called <a href='/research-area/arrhythmia-research' title='View products for Arrhythmia Research'>arrhythmias</a>. A reduced ability of the heart to pump blood around the body can eventually lead to the development of <a href='/research-area/heart-failure-research' title='View products for Heart Failure Research'>heart failure</a>. Due to the association of cardiovascular disorders, early treatment of these disorders is preferable.</p> <p>Surgical interventions such as coronary artery bypass and artificial pacemakers are available to treat patients with cardiovascular disease, though the treatments themselves may worsen the overall function of the heart. For many patients, pharmacological intervention is therefore preferable to invasive surgery, particularly for the treatment of early atherosclerosis and <a href='/research-area/hypertension-research' title='View products for Hypertension Research'>high blood pressure</a>. For example, a major breakthrough in the treatment of cardiovascular disease was the development of <a href='/pharmacology/hmg-coa-reductase/inhibitors' title='Browse products for HMG-CoA Reducase Inhibitors'>HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors</a> (statins) for the treatment of raised cholesterol. However, therapy for other diseases such as heart failure and advanced atherosclerosis is lacking and demands further research.</p></div> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_2" data-tab="2"> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_3" data-tab="3"> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_4" data-tab="4"> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_5" data-tab="5"> </div> <div class="tab_content tab_6" data-tab="6"> </div> </div> </div> <div id="sidebar" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-md-3 col-lg-3 col-xl-3"> <div class="resources_sidebar_container"> <div class="fp_four_box"> <div class="fp_box_wrapper"><h3>Featured New Products</h3> <div class="fp_featured_product"><a href="https://www.tocris.com/products/corafluortm-1-haloalkane_8817">8817 | CoraFluor™ 1, Haloalkane</a><br /> Cell impermeable terbium cryptate FRET donor for TR-FRET assay development, with chloroalkane ligand</div> <div class="fp_featured_product"><a href="https://www.tocris.com/products/hb-2-30_8831">8831 | HB-2-30</a><br /> Fluorescent 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