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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propriétés"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Propriétés</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Propriétés-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Propriétés</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Propriétés-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Propriétés_physiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propriétés_physiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Propriétés physiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propriétés_physiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Propriétés_chimiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propriétés_chimiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Propriétés chimiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propriétés_chimiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilisations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilisations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Utilisations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilisations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Thulium</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 125 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-125" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">125 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tulium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%8A%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ቱሊየም – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቱሊየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थुलियम – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="थुलियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ثوليوم – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثوليوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ثوليوم – arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ثوليوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ثوليوم – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ثوليوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuliu" title="Tuliu – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tuliu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tulium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Тулій – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тулій" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Туль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Туль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тулий – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тулий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थुलियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="थुलियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="থুলিয়াম – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="থুলিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuliom" title="Tuliom – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tuliom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulij" title="Tulij – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tulij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuli" title="Tuli – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tuli" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulyo" title="Tulyo – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tulyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="توولیۆم – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="توولیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuliu" title="Tuliu – corse" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Tuliu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тулий – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тулий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thwliwm" title="Thwliwm – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Thwliwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Θούλιο – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θούλιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulio" title="Tulio – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tulio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulio" title="Tulio – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tulio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuulium" title="Tuulium – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tuulium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulio" title="Tulio – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tulio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="تولیم – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تولیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="article recommandé"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tulium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuulium" title="Tuulium – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tuulium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuli" title="Tuli – frioulan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Tuli" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="frioulan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BAiliam" title="Túiliam – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Túiliam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuilium" title="Tuilium – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Tuilium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulio" title="Tulio – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tulio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A5%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="થુલિયમ – goudjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="થુલિયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="goudjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – mannois" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – hawaïen" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="תוליום – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תוליום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थुलियम – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="थुलियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – hindi fidjien" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulij" title="Tulij – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tulij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BAlium" title="Túlium – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Túlium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Թուլիում – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թուլիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tulium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulio" title="Tulio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tulio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BAl%C3%ADn" title="Túlín – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Túlín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulio" title="Tulio – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tulio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%84%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="ツリウム – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ツリウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinmrtuli" title="jinmrtuli – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinmrtuli" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="თულიუმი – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თულიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%CA%8Al%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Tʊlɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tʊlɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тулий – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тулий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A5%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಥುಲಿಯಮ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಥುಲಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%88%B4%EB%A5%A8" title="툴륨 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="툴륨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тулий – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Тулий" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuliom" title="Thuliom – cornique" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Thuliom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тулий – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тулий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulio" title="Tulio – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Tulio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulis" title="Tulis – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tulis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%ABlijs" title="Tūlijs – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tūlijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Тулиум – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тулиум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="തൂലിയം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തൂലിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Тули – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тули" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थुलियम – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="थुलियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тулий – mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Тулий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tulium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ကျူလီယမ် – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကျူလီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थुलियम – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="थुलियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulii" title="Tulii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Tulii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थुलियम – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="थुलियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tul" title="Tul – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tul" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulio" title="Tulio – piémontais" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Tulio" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piémontais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="تھلیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تھلیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="توليوم – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="توليوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BAlio" title="Túlio – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Túlio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulyu" title="Thulyu – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Thulyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuliu" title="Tuliu – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tuliu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuliu" title="Tuliu – aroumain" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Tuliu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aroumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тулий – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тулий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="थुलियम – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="थुलियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Тулиум – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тулиум" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B9liu" title="Tùliu – sarde" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tùliu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sarde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuliu" title="Tuliu – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tuliu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulijum" title="Tulijum – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tulijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BAlium" title="Túlium – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Túlium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulij" title="Tulij – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tulij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuliumi" title="Tuliumi – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tuliumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Тулијум – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тулијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tulium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தூலியம் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தூலியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A5%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="థూలియం – télougou" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="థూలియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="télougou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тулий – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Тулий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ทูเลียม – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทูเลียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulyum" title="Tulyum – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tulyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тулий – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тулий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%87%D9%84%D9%89%D9%8A" title="تۇلىي – ouïghour" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تۇلىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ouïghour" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Тулій – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тулій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="تھلیئم – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تھلیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuliy" title="Tuliy – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tuliy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulii" title="Tulii – vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Tulii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulyo" title="Tulyo – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tulyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%A5" title="铥 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="铥" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Тулиум – kalmouk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Тулиум" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmouk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%A5" title="铥 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="铥" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%A9" title="銩 – chinois littéraire" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="銩" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chinois littéraire" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thulium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%A9" title="銩 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="銩" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmThuthumbi" title="UmThuthumbi – zoulou" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmThuthumbi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zoulou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1853#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Thulium" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Thulium"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Thulium"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Thulium" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Thulium" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&oldid=214903174" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=Thulium&id=214903174&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FThulium"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FThulium"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Thulium"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Thulium&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Thulium" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1853" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#FBF;color:black;">Thulium </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Thulium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image illustrative de l’article Thulium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Thulium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/220px-Thulium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Thulium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/330px-Thulium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Thulium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg/440px-Thulium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4765" data-file-height="3274" /></a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Dendrite_(cristal)" title="Dendrite (cristal)">Cristaux dendritiques</a> et cube de un cm<sup>3</sup> de thulium. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table class="nocellpadding" style="border-spacing:0; width:100%; background:#f9f9f9"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Erbium</a> ← <b>Thulium</b> → <a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Ytterbium</a></td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;">—</td><td style="text-align:center;" rowspan="5"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" style="border-collapse:separate; width:248px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Hydrogène"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:7px; padding:0; background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> </td> <td colspan="14" rowspan="5" style="border:none; padding:0; background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Empilement_compact_de_sph%C3%A8res_identiques" title="Empilement compact de sphères identiques"><img alt="Structure cristalline hexagonale compacte" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/40px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/60px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/80px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="border:none; width:7px; padding:0; background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> </td> <td colspan="9" rowspan="3" style="border:none; text-align:center; padding:0; background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size:10pt; border:none; padding:0; line-height:1em; background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> <br />69</td> <td style="font-size:16pt; border:none; padding:0; line-height:1em; background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"><b>Tm</b></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td colspan="5" style="border:none; padding:0; background-color:transparent; color:inherit;"> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0; 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9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untritrium" title="Untritrium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untriquadium" title="Untriquadium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untripentium" title="Untripentium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untrihexium" title="Untrihexium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untriseptium" title="Untriseptium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untrioctium" title="Untrioctium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Untriennium" title="Untriennium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unquadnilium" title="Unquadnilium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unquadunium" title="Unquadunium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 7px; height: 9px; border: none; background-color: #ffeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Unquadbium" title="Unquadbium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;">↑</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;"><b>Tm</b></td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;">↓</td></tr><tr><td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Mend%C3%A9l%C3%A9vium" title="Mendélévium">Md</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding-top:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments" title="Tableau périodique des éléments">Tableau complet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique_%C3%A9tendu" title="Tableau périodique étendu">Tableau étendu</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FBF; color:#000000">Position dans le <a href="/wiki/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments" title="Tableau périodique des éléments">tableau périodique</a></th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Symbole_chimique" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbole chimique">Symbole</a> </th> <td>Tm </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nom_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments_chimiques" title="Nom des éléments chimiques">Nom</a> </th> <td>Thulium </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Num%C3%A9ro_atomique" title="Numéro atomique">Numéro atomique</a> </th> <td>69 </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe du tableau périodique">Groupe</a> </th> <td>– </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période du tableau périodique">Période</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_6_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 6 du tableau périodique">6</a><sup>e</sup> période </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Bloc_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Bloc du tableau périodique">Bloc</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Bloc_f_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Bloc f du tableau périodique">Bloc f</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Famille_d%27%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments_chimiques" title="Famille d'éléments chimiques">Famille d'éléments</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Lanthanide" title="Lanthanide">Lanthanide</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Configuration_%C3%A9lectronique" title="Configuration électronique">Configuration électronique</a> </th> <td>[<a href="/wiki/X%C3%A9non" title="Xénon">Xe</a>] 4<a href="/wiki/Orbitale-f" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbitale-f">f</a><sup>13</sup> 6<a href="/wiki/Orbitale-s" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbitale-s">s</a><sup>2</sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectron" title="Électron">Électrons</a> par <a href="/wiki/Niveau_d%27%C3%A9nergie" title="Niveau d'énergie">niveau d’énergie</a> </th> <td>2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2 </td> </tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FBF; color:#000000">Propriétés atomiques de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_chimique" title="Élément chimique">élément</a></th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Masse_atomique" title="Masse atomique">Masse atomique</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">168,934 22</span> ± 0,000 02 <span title="Unité de masse atomique">u</span></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Rayon_atomique" title="Rayon atomique">Rayon atomique</a> <small>(calc)</small> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="1,75 Å">175</span> <span title="picomètre">pm</span></span> (<span class="nowrap"><span title="2,22 Å">222</span> <span title="picomètre">pm</span></span>) </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Rayon_de_covalence" title="Rayon de covalence">Rayon de covalence</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="1,9 Å">190</span> ± 10 <span title="picomètre">pm</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nombre_d%27oxydation" title="Nombre d'oxydation">État d’oxydation</a> </th> <td>3 </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectron%C3%A9gativit%C3%A9" title="Électronégativité">Électronégativité</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/%C3%89chelle_de_Pauling" title="Échelle de Pauling">Pauling</a>)</small> </th> <td>1,25 </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Oxyde" title="Oxyde">Oxyde</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Base_(chimie)" title="Base (chimie)">Base</a> </td> </tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FBF; color:#000000"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie_d%27ionisation" title="Énergie d'ionisation">Énergies d’ionisation</a><sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"></td></tr><tr><td><abbr class="abbr" title="Première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr> : <span class="nowrap"><span title="9,908 356E−19 J ou 596,695 kJ·mol⁻¹ ou 200,5 nm">6,184 31</span> <span title="Électron-volt">eV</span></span> </td><td><abbr class="abbr" title="Deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr> : <span class="nowrap"><span title="1,930 622 7E−18 J ou 1 162,647 9 kJ·mol⁻¹ ou 102,9 nm">12,05</span> <span title="Électron-volt">eV</span></span> </td></tr><tr><td><abbr class="abbr" title="Troisième">3<sup>e</sup></abbr> : <span class="nowrap"><span title="3,793 953 9E−18 J ou 2 284,772 1 kJ·mol⁻¹ ou 52,4 nm">23,68</span> <span title="Électron-volt">eV</span></span> </td><td><abbr class="abbr" title="Quatrième">4<sup>e</sup></abbr> : <span class="nowrap"><span title="6,841 293 6E−18 J ou 4 119,922 6 kJ·mol⁻¹ ou 29 nm">42,7</span> <span title="Électron-volt">eV</span></span> </td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FBF; color:#000000"><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_du_thulium" title="Isotopes du thulium">Isotopes les plus stables</a></th></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="padding:0px"><table class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"><tbody><tr style="background:#f2f2f2;"><th rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">Iso</a></th><th rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Abondance_naturelle" title="Abondance naturelle">AN</a></th><th rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_radioactive" title="Période radioactive">Période</a></th><th rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Mode_de_d%C3%A9sint%C3%A9gration" title="Mode de désintégration">MD</a></th><th> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie_de_d%C3%A9sint%C3%A9gration" title="Énergie de désintégration">Ed</a></th><th rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Produit_de_d%C3%A9sint%C3%A9gration" title="Produit de désintégration">PD</a></th></tr><tr style="background:#f2f2f2;"><th> <a href="/wiki/MeV" class="mw-redirect" title="MeV">MeV</a></th></tr><tr><td><sup>169</sup>Tm</td><td><b><span class="nowrap"><span title="1 000 000 ppm">100</span> <span title="pourcent">%</span></span></b></td><td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Isotope_stable" title="Isotope stable">stable</a> avec 100 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrons</a></td></tr> <tr><td><sup>171</sup>Tm</td><td><a href="/wiki/Radioisotope_synth%C3%A9tique" title="Radioisotope synthétique">{syn.}</a></td><td><span class="nowrap"><span title="60 549 120 s">1,92</span> <span title="Année">a</span></span></td><td><a href="/wiki/Radioactivit%C3%A9_%CE%B2" title="Radioactivité β">β</a><sup>-</sup></td><td>0,096</td><td><sup>171</sup><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FBF; color:#000000">Propriétés physiques du <a href="/wiki/Corps_simple" title="Corps simple">corps simple</a></th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Phase_(thermodynamique)" title="Phase (thermodynamique)">État ordinaire</a> </th> <td>solide </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Masse_volumique" title="Masse volumique">Masse volumique</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="9 321 kg⋅m⁻³ ou 129,44 °Baumé">9,321</span> <span title="Gramme">g</span>·<span title="centimètre">cm</span><sup>-3</sup></span> (<span class="nowrap"><span title="77 °F ou 298,2 K">25</span> <span title="Degré Celsius">°C</span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-HandbookChemPhys90_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HandbookChemPhys90-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_cristallin" title="Système cristallin">Système cristallin</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Empilement_compact_de_sph%C3%A8res_identiques" title="Empilement compact de sphères identiques">Hexagonal compact</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Couleur" title="Couleur">Couleur</a> </th> <td>blanc argenté </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Point_de_fusion" title="Point de fusion">Point de fusion</a> </th> <td><span title="2 813 °F ou 1 818,2 K">1 545 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-HandbookChemPhys90_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HandbookChemPhys90-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Point_d%27%C3%A9bullition" title="Point d'ébullition">Point d’ébullition</a> </th> <td><span title="3 542 °F ou 2 223,2 K">1 950 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-HandbookChemPhys90_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HandbookChemPhys90-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie_de_fusion" class="mw-disambig" title="Énergie de fusion">Énergie de fusion</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="0,174 534 346 457 54 eV ou 4 024,86 cal(th)·mol⁻¹">16,84</span> <span title="kilojoule">kJ</span>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie_de_vaporisation" title="Énergie de vaporisation">Énergie de vaporisation</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="1,979 576 019 797 5 eV ou 45 650,1 cal(th)·mol⁻¹">191</span> <span title="kilojoule">kJ</span>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Volume_molaire" title="Volume molaire">Volume molaire</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">19,1</span>×10<sup class="exposant">-3</sup> <span title="mètre">m</span><sup>3</sup>·<span title="Mole">mol</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Capacit%C3%A9_thermique_massique" title="Capacité thermique massique">Chaleur massique</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">160</span> <span title="joule">J</span>·<span title="Kilogramme">kg</span><sup>-1</sup>·<span title="Kelvin">K</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Conductivit%C3%A9_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Conductivité électrique">Conductivité électrique</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">1,5</span>×10<sup class="exposant">6</sup> <span title="Siemens">S</span>·<span title="mètre">m</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique" title="Conductivité thermique">Conductivité thermique</a> </th> <td><span class="nowrap"><span title="">16,8</span> <span title="Watt">W</span>·<span title="mètre">m</span><sup>-1</sup>·<span title="Kelvin">K</span><sup>-1</sup></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FBF; color:#000000">Divers</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Num%C3%A9ro_CAS" title="Numéro CAS"><abbr class="abbr" title="Numéro">N<sup>o</sup></abbr> CAS</a> </th> <td><span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><span class="noarchive"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/magnustools/cas.php?cas=7440-30-4&language=fr&title=Thulium">7440-30-4</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <a href="/wiki/Agence_europ%C3%A9enne_des_produits_chimiques" title="Agence européenne des produits chimiques"><abbr class="abbr" title="Numéro">N<sup>o</sup></abbr> ECHA</a> </th> <td><span class="plainlinks"><span class="noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://echa.europa.eu/fr/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.028.309">100.028.309</a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FBF; color:#000000">Précautions</th></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FBF; color:#000000"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_harmonis%C3%A9_de_classification_et_d%27%C3%A9tiquetage_des_produits_chimiques" title="Système général harmonisé de classification et d'étiquetage des produits chimiques">SGH</a><sup id="cite_ref-sa_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sa-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Poudre" title="Poudre">État pulvérulent</a> :<div style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="SGH02 : Inflammable"><img alt="SGH02 : Inflammable" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/60px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/90px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/120px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="SGH07 : Toxique, irritant, sensibilisant, narcotique"><img alt="SGH07 : Toxique, irritant, sensibilisant, narcotique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg/60px-GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg/90px-GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg/120px-GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><br />Danger</div><span title="Matière solide inflammable">H228</span>, <span title="Provoque une sévère irritation des yeux">H319</span>, <span title="Peut irriter les voies respiratoires">H335</span>, <span title="Tenir à l’écart de la chaleur/des étincelles/des flammes nues/des surfaces chaudes. — Ne pas fumer.">P210</span>, <span title="Éviter de respirer les poussières/fumées/gaz/brouillards/vapeurs/aérosols.">P261</span> et <span title="En cas de contact avec les yeux : rincer avec précaution à l’eau pendant plusieurs minutes. Enlever les lentilles de contact si la victime en porte et si elles peuvent être facilement enlevées. Continuer à rincer.">P305+P351+P338</span><div class="NavFrame" title="[+]/[–]" style="border:none; padding : 0;"><div class="NavContent" style="display:none; text-align:left;"><b>H228</b> : Matière solide inflammable<br /><b>H319</b> : Provoque une sévère irritation des yeux<br /><b>H335</b> : Peut irriter les voies respiratoires<br /><b>P210</b> : Tenir à l’écart de la chaleur/des étincelles/des flammes nues/des surfaces chaudes. — Ne pas fumer.<br /><b>P261</b> : Éviter de respirer les poussières/fumées/gaz/brouillards/vapeurs/aérosols.<br /><b>P305+P351+P338</b> : En cas de contact avec les yeux : rincer avec précaution à l’eau pendant plusieurs minutes. Enlever les lentilles de contact si la victime en porte et si elles peuvent être facilement enlevées. Continuer à rincer.<br /></div></div></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FBF; color:#000000"><a href="/wiki/Accord_europ%C3%A9en_relatif_au_transport_international_des_marchandises_dangereuses_par_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Accord européen relatif au transport international des marchandises dangereuses par route">Transport</a><sup id="cite_ref-sa_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sa-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Poudre" title="Poudre">État pulvérulent</a> :<table class="wikitable centre" style="width:33px margin:0px; background-color:#ff950e; border: 1px solid black;"><tbody><tr><td width="100%" style="background-color:#ff950e; border: 1px solid black;"><div style="text-align:center">-</div></td></tr><tr><td width="100%" style="background-color:#ff950e; border: 1px solid black;"><div style="text-align:center">   <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_num%C3%A9ros_ONU" title="Liste des numéros ONU"><span style="color: black;" title="numéro ONU">3089</span></a>   </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="NavFrame" title="[+]/[–]" style="border:none; padding: 0;"><div class="NavContent" style="display:none; text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Num%C3%A9ro_ONU" title="Numéro ONU">Numéro ONU</a> :</b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_num%C3%A9ros_ONU" title="Liste des numéros ONU">3089</a></b> : POUDRE MÉTALLIQUE INFLAMMABLE, N.S.A.<br /><b>Classe :</b><br />4.1<br /><b>Étiquette :</b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:ADR_4.1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="pictogramme ADR 4.1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/ADR_4.1.svg/75px-ADR_4.1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/ADR_4.1.svg/113px-ADR_4.1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/ADR_4.1.svg/150px-ADR_4.1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="717" data-file-height="716" /></a></span><br /><b>4.1</b> : Matières solides inflammables, matières autoréactives, matières solides explosibles désensibilisées et matières qui polymérisent<br /><b>Emballage :</b><br />Groupe d'emballage <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr> : matières moyennement dangereuses ;<br /></div></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2"><hr style="height:2px; background-color:#FBF;" /></td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><small><i>Unités du <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_international_d%27unit%C3%A9s" title="Système international d'unités">SI</a> & <a href="/wiki/Conditions_normales_de_temp%C3%A9rature_et_de_pression" title="Conditions normales de température et de pression">CNTP</a>, sauf indication contraire.</i></small></td> </tr><tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #FBF solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thulium&action=edit&section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_%C3%89l%C3%A9ment/Thulium" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Le <b>thulium</b> est un <a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_chimique" title="Élément chimique">élément chimique</a> de symbole Tm et de <a href="/wiki/Num%C3%A9ro_atomique" title="Numéro atomique">numéro atomique</a> 69. Le thulium est un métal du groupe des <a href="/wiki/Terre_rare" title="Terre rare">terres rares</a>. Comme les autres <a href="/wiki/Lanthanide" title="Lanthanide">lanthanides</a>, il est malléable et ductile à la température ambiante. Il s'oxyde peu dans l'air sec. </p><p>Son nom dérive du grec « Thule », ce qui signifie « pays nordique ». Il s'agit de l'ancienne dénomination de la Scandinavie, où l'on a trouvé la gadolinite, minerai dans lequel <a href="/wiki/Per_Teodor_Cleve" title="Per Teodor Cleve">Per Theodor Cleve</a> l'a découvert en 1879, en même temps que l'<a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">holmium</a>. </p><p>À l'origine, le symbole était « Tu » ; par la suite, l'accord s'est fait sur « Tm ». </p><p>C'est la plus rare des terres rares (0,007 % dans la <a href="/wiki/Monazite" title="Monazite">monazite</a>) ; sous forme de métal, il est beaucoup plus cher que l'<a href="/wiki/Or" title="Or">or</a>. Le thulium naturel est formé exclusivement de l'isotope stable <sup>169</sup>Tm. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Découverte"><span id="D.C3.A9couverte"></span>Découverte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Découverte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Découverte"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="border: 1px solid #ccc; background-color: var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0em; width: 248px; float: right; clear: right; vertical-align: middle"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border: 0; padding: 0;">Découvertes des terres rares. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #dedede; padding: 3px"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0; font-size:50%;width:300px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Yttrium</a> (1794) </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p>Yttrium </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Terbium</a> (1843) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Erbium</a> (1843) </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;">Erbium </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p>Erbium </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thulium</a> (1879) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Holmium</a> (1879) </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p>Holmium </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dysprosium</a> (1886) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Ytterbium</a> (1878) </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;">Ytterbium </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p>Ytterbium </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Lut%C3%A9cium" title="Lutécium">Lutécium</a> (1907) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Scandium</a> (1879) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0; font-size:50%;width:300px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9rium" title="Cérium">Cérium</a> (1803) </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p>Cérium </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthane" title="Lanthane">Lanthane</a> (1839) </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p>Lanthane </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><a href="/wiki/Didyme_(chimie)" title="Didyme (chimie)"><span style="color:#ffa500">Didyme</span></a> (1839) </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><span style="color:#ffa500">Didyme</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9odyme" title="Néodyme">Néodyme</a> (1885) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Pras%C3%A9odyme" title="Praséodyme">Praséodyme</a> (1885) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Samarium</a> (1879) </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;">Samarium </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p>Samarium </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Europium</a> (1901) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gadolinium</a> (1880) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="clade" cellpadding="0" style="border-spacing:0; font-size:50%;width:300px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black); padding:0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center; position:relative;"><br /> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Prom%C3%A9thium" title="Prométhium">Prométhium</a> (1947) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; font-size: 90%; width: 248px; border: 0; padding: 0;">Diagrammes des découvertes des terres rares. Les dates entre parenthèses sont les dates d'annonces des découvertes<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les branches représentent les séparations des éléments à partir d'un ancien (l'un des nouveaux éléments conservant le nom de l'ancien, sauf pour le didyme). </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>En 1789, le chimiste finlandais <a href="/wiki/Johan_Gadolin" title="Johan Gadolin">Johan Gadolin</a> identifie un nouvel <a href="/wiki/Oxyde" title="Oxyde">oxyde</a> (ou « terre ») dans un échantillon d'ytterbite (rebaptisée plus tard « <a href="/wiki/Gadolinite" title="Gadolinite">gadolinite</a> » en son honneur). Cette nouvelle roche avait été découverte deux ans auparavant par le lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Carl_Axel_Arrhenius" title="Carl Axel Arrhenius">Carl Axel Arrhenius</a> près du village d'<a href="/wiki/Ytterby" title="Ytterby">Ytterby</a> en <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8de" title="Suède">Suède</a>. Ces travaux sont confirmés en 1797 par <a href="/wiki/Anders_Gustaf_Ekeberg" title="Anders Gustaf Ekeberg">Anders Gustaf Ekeberg</a> qui baptise le nouvel oxyde <i>yttria</i><sup id="cite_ref-emsley2001_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emsley2001-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Près d'un demi-siècle plus tard, le Suédois <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Mosander" title="Carl Gustaf Mosander">Carl Gustav Mosander</a> parvient à isoler trois composés distincts à partir de l'<i>yttria</i> grâce à de nouveaux procédés de <a href="/wiki/Cristallisation_fractionn%C3%A9e_(chimie)" title="Cristallisation fractionnée (chimie)">cristallisation fractionnée</a>. Il décide de conserver le terme <i>yttria</i> pour la fraction incolore (oxyde d'<a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">yttrium</a> pur) et nomme la fraction jaune <i>erbia</i> et la fraction rose <i>terbia</i>, toujours en rappel du village d'<a href="/wiki/Ytterby" title="Ytterby">Ytterby</a>. Pour d'obscures raisons, les successeurs de Mosander intervertiront ces deux termes. C'est ainsi que <i>erbia</i> (l'<a href="/wiki/Oxyde_d%27erbium(III)" title="Oxyde d'erbium(III)">erbine</a>) finit par désigner l'<a href="/wiki/Oxyde_d%27erbium(III)" title="Oxyde d'erbium(III)">oxyde d'erbium</a> (rose) et <i>terbia</i> (la <a href="/wiki/Terbine" class="mw-redirect" title="Terbine">terbine</a>) l'<a href="/wiki/Oxyde_de_terbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxyde de terbium">oxyde de terbium</a> (jaune)<sup id="cite_ref-eote2008_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eote2008-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>En 1878, le chimiste suisse <a href="/wiki/Jean_Charles_Galissard_de_Marignac" title="Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac">Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac</a> découvre que l'erbine n'est pas homogène et il parvient à en extraire un nouvel élément, qu'il nomme <a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">ytterbium</a>. Le Suédois <a href="/wiki/Per_Teodor_Cleve" title="Per Teodor Cleve">Per Thodor Cleve</a> décide de concentrer ses recherches sur les sels d'<a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">erbium</a> restant après cette séparation. En 1879, il obtient trois fractions distinctes qu'il soumet à un examen spectroscopique. L'une correspond bien à l'erbium, mais les deux autres sont inconnues. En l'honneur de son pays, Cleve propose de les nommer <a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">holmium</a>, d'après le nom latin de Stockholm, et thulium, d'après le nom légendaire de la <a href="/wiki/Scandinavie" title="Scandinavie">Scandinavie</a><sup id="cite_ref-eote2008_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eote2008-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>En 1911, l'Américain <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Theodore William Richards</a> procède à 15 000 recristallisations du <a href="/wiki/Bromate" title="Bromate">bromate</a> de thulium afin d'obtenir un échantillon de la plus grande pureté et déterminer sa <a href="/wiki/Masse_atomique" title="Masse atomique">masse atomique</a> le plus précisément possible. Il reçoit le <a href="/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_chimie" title="Prix Nobel de chimie">prix Nobel de chimie</a> en 1914 en reconnaissance de ses travaux<sup id="cite_ref-emsley2001_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emsley2001-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Propriétés"><span id="Propri.C3.A9t.C3.A9s"></span>Propriétés</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Propriétés" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Propriétés"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Propriétés_physiques"><span id="Propri.C3.A9t.C3.A9s_physiques"></span>Propriétés physiques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Propriétés physiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Propriétés physiques"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Thulium_Crystals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Thulium_Crystals.jpg/100px-Thulium_Crystals.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Thulium_Crystals.jpg/150px-Thulium_Crystals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Thulium_Crystals.jpg/200px-Thulium_Crystals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Échantillons de thulium.</figcaption></figure> <p>Le thulium pur est brillant et argenté. Il ternit lorsqu'il est exposé à l'air. Il peut être coupé au couteau<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et il est malléable et <a href="/wiki/Ductilit%C3%A9" title="Ductilité">ductile</a><sup id="cite_ref-CRC_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : il possède une dureté comprise entre 2 et 3 sur l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89chelle_de_Mohs" title="Échelle de Mohs">échelle de Mohs</a>. Le thulium est <a href="/wiki/Ferromagn%C3%A9tisme" title="Ferromagnétisme">ferromagnétique</a> en dessous de 32 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antiferromagn%C3%A9tisme" title="Antiferromagnétisme">antiferromagnétique</a> entre <span title="−241,15 °C ou −402,07 °F" style="cursor:help">32</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="kelvin">K</abbr> et <span title="−217,15 °C ou −358,87 °F" style="cursor:help">56</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="kelvin">K</abbr> et <a href="/wiki/Paramagn%C3%A9tisme" title="Paramagnétisme">paramagnétique</a> au-dessus de <span title="−217,15 °C ou −358,87 °F" style="cursor:help">56</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="kelvin">K</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le thulium liquide est très volatil<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Le thullium possède deux principales <a href="/wiki/Allotropie" title="Allotropie">formes allotropiques</a> : le thulium <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_cristallin_t%C3%A9tragonal" title="Système cristallin tétragonal">tétragonal</a> α-Tm et le thulium <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_cristallin_hexagonal" title="Système cristallin hexagonal">hexagonal</a> (le plus stable) β-Tm<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Propriétés_chimiques"><span id="Propri.C3.A9t.C3.A9s_chimiques"></span>Propriétés chimiques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Propriétés chimiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Propriétés chimiques"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"><span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell">Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Thulium" title="Spécial:EditPage/Thulium">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue ! <a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">Comment faire ?</a></div></div> <p>Le thulium ternit lentement dans l'air et brûle réellement à 150 <a href="/wiki/Degr%C3%A9_Celsius" title="Degré Celsius">°C</a> pour former de l'<a href="/wiki/Oxyde_de_thulium(III)" title="Oxyde de thulium(III)">oxyde de thulium(III)</a> : </p> <dl><dd>4 Tm + 3 O<sub>2</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub> → 2 Tm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></dd></dl> <p>Cet oxyde peut, par réaction avec le <a href="/wiki/Chlorure_d%27ammonium" title="Chlorure d'ammonium">chlorure d'ammonium</a>, former le <a href="/wiki/Chlorure_de_thulium(III)" title="Chlorure de thulium(III)">chlorure de thulium(III)</a><sup id="cite_ref-Brauer_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brauer-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Oxyde_de_thulium(III)" title="Oxyde de thulium(III)">Tm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a> + 6 <a href="/wiki/Chlorure_d%27ammonium" title="Chlorure d'ammonium">NH<sub>4</sub>Cl</a> → 2 <a href="/wiki/Chlorure_de_thulium(III)" title="Chlorure de thulium(III)">TmCl<sub>3</sub></a> + 6 <a href="/wiki/Ammoniac" title="Ammoniac">NH<sub>3</sub></a> + 3 <a href="/wiki/Eau" title="Eau">H<sub>2</sub>O</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilisations">Utilisations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Utilisations" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Utilisations"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elles sont limitées, en raison du prix élevé de cet élément. </p> <ul><li>Source de rayonnement : on utilise des composés de <sup>169</sup>Tm « bombardés » avec des <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrons</a> comme source de rayonnement dans des appareils radiographiques portables.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">Pigment</a> pour tube cathodique : le <a href="/wiki/Sulfure_de_zinc" title="Sulfure de zinc">sulfure de zinc</a> dopé avec de l'oxyde de thulium (Tm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) sert comme substance <a href="/wiki/Phosphorescence" title="Phosphorescence">phosphorescente</a> bleue pour les <a href="/wiki/Tube_cathodique" title="Tube cathodique">tubes cathodiques</a>.</li> <li>Composant pour micro-ondes : on utilise des <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9ramique_technique" title="Céramique technique">céramiques</a> magnétiques contenant de l'oxyde de thulium dans les <a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9tron" title="Magnétron">magnétrons</a> (dispositif générateur hyperfréquence, utilisé, par exemple, dans les <a href="/wiki/Four_%C3%A0_micro-ondes" title="Four à micro-ondes">fours à micro-ondes</a>).</li> <li>Source de chaleur, entre autres dans des batteries nucléaires composées de l'isotope <sup>171</sup>Tm. Celui-ci a une demi-vie de 1,92 ans.</li></ul> <div class="clear" style="clear:left;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé <span class="plainlinks">« <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium?oldid=663475776">Thulium</a> » <small>(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium?action=history">voir la liste des auteurs</a>)</small></span>.</li></ul> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Beatriz_Cordero,_Verónica_Gómez,_Ana_E._Platero-Prats,_Marc_Revés,_Jorge_Echeverría,_Eduard_Cremades,_Flavia_Barragán_et_Santiago_Alvarez2008"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="nom_auteur">Beatriz Cordero, Verónica Gómez, Ana E. Platero-Prats, Marc Revés, Jorge Echeverría, Eduard Cremades, Flavia Barragán et Santiago Alvarez</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Covalent radii revisited</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Dalton Transactions</span></i>,‎ <time>2008</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">2832 - 2838</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b801115j">10.1039/b801115j</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Covalent+radii+revisited&rft.jtitle=Dalton+Transactions&rft.aulast=Beatriz+Cordero%2C+Ver%C3%B3nica+G%C3%B3mez%2C+Ana+E.+Platero-Prats%2C+Marc+Rev%C3%A9s%2C+Jorge+Echeverr%C3%ADa%2C+Eduard+Cremades%2C+Flavia+Barrag%C3%A1n+et+Santiago+Alvarez&rft.date=2008&rft.pages=2832+-+2838&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2Fb801115j&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AThulium"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics_2-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lide2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="David_R._Lide2009"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> David R. Lide, <cite class="italique" lang="en">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</cite>, CRC, <time>2009</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="quatre-vingt-neuvième">89<sup>e</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">10-203</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.pub=CRC&rft.edition=89&rft.aulast=Lide&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rft.date=2009&rft.pages=10-203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AThulium"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HandbookChemPhys90-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-HandbookChemPhys90_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HandbookChemPhys90_3-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-HandbookChemPhys90_3-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lide2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="David_R._Lide2009"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> David R. Lide, <cite class="italique" lang="en">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</cite>, CRC Press Inc, <time>2009</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="quatre-vingt-dixième">90<sup>e</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, 2804 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>, Relié <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-420-09084-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-420-09084-0"><span class="nowrap">978-1-420-09084-0</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.pub=CRC+Press+Inc&rft.edition=90&rft.aulast=Lide&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rft.date=2009&rft.tpages=2804&rft.isbn=978-1-420-09084-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AThulium"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Base de données Chemical Abstracts interrogée via SciFinder Web le 15 décembre 2009 (<a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SciFinder_elements_Thulium-Unquadquadium.pdf">résultats de la recherche</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sa-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sa_5-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-sa_5-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">Fiche <a href="/wiki/Sigma-Aldrich" title="Sigma-Aldrich">Sigma-Aldrich</a> du composé <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/FR/fr/product/ALDRICH/263222?context=bbe">Thulium powder, ~40 mesh, 99.9% trace metals basis</a></i>, consultée le 28 août 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1996"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <cite class="italique" lang="en">Episodes from the History of the Rare Earth Elements</cite>, Springer Netherlands, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Chemists and Chemistry », <time class="nowrap" datetime="1996-01-01" data-sort-value="1996-01-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> janvier 1996</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9789401066143" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9789401066143"><span class="nowrap">9789401066143</span></a> et <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9789400902879" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9789400902879"><span class="nowrap">9789400902879</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0287-9">10.1007/978-94-009-0287-9</a></span>)</small>, xxi<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Episodes+from+the+History+of+the+Rare+Earth+Elements&rft.pub=Springer+Netherlands&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.pages=xxi&rft.isbn=9789401066143&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-94-009-0287-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AThulium"></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-emsley2001-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-emsley2001_7-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-emsley2001_7-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Emsley2001"><span class="ouvrage" id="John_Emsley2001"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> John <span class="nom_auteur">Emsley</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Nature's building blocks : an A-Z guide to the elements</cite>, Oxford, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>2001</time>, 240–242 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-19-850341-5" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-19-850341-5"><span class="nowrap">0-19-850341-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=Yhi5X7OwuGkC">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nature%27s+building+blocks&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.stitle=an+A-Z+guide+to+the+elements&rft.aulast=Emsley&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2001&rft.tpages=240%E2%80%93242&rft.isbn=0-19-850341-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AThulium"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eote2008-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-eote2008_8-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-eote2008_8-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Enghag2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="Per_Enghag2008"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Per <span class="nom_auteur">Enghag</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Encyclopedia of the Elements : Technical Data - History - Processing - Applications</cite>, <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>, <time>2008</time>, 1309 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=fUmTX8yKU4gC">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Elements&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.stitle=Technical+Data+-+History+-+Processing+-+Applications&rft.aulast=Enghag&rft.aufirst=Per&rft.date=2008&rft.tpages=1309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AThulium"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Eagleson1994"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Eagleson, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Concise Encyclopedia Chemistry</cite>, Walter de Gruyter, <time>1994</time>, 1201 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-3-11-011451-5" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-3-11-011451-5"><span class="nowrap">978-3-11-011451-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Owuv-c9L_IMC&pg=PA1061">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 1061<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concise+Encyclopedia+Chemistry&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.au=Eagleson&rft.date=1994&rft.pages=1061&rft.tpages=1201&rft.isbn=978-3-11-011451-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AThulium"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRC-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_10-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_10-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="R.2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hammond,_C._R.2000"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Hammond, C. R., <cite class="italique" lang="en">Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</cite>, Boca Raton/New York/Washington, CRC press, <time>2000</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="quatre-vingt-unième">81<sup>e</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-8493-0481-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-8493-0481-4"><span class="nowrap">0-8493-0481-4</span></a>)</small><span class="lang-en" lang="en">, « The Elements »</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.atitle=The+Elements&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2FNew+York%2FWashington&rft.pub=CRC+press&rft.edition=81&rft.aulast=R.&rft.aufirst=Hammond%2C+C.&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-8493-0481-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AThulium"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="M.2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jackson,_M.2000"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Jackson, M., « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Magnetism of Rare Earth</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">The IRM quarterly</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 10, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 3,‎ <time>2000</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 1 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irm.umn.edu/quarterly/irmq10-3.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Magnetism+of+Rare+Earth&rft.jtitle=The+IRM+quarterly&rft.issue=3&rft.aulast=M.&rft.aufirst=Jackson%2C&rft.date=2000&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irm.umn.edu%2Fquarterly%2Firmq10-3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AThulium"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Robert_E.2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Krebs,_Robert_E.2006"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Krebs, Robert E., <cite class="italique" lang="en">The History And Use of Our Earth's Chemical Elements : A Reference Guide</cite>, Greenwood Publishing Group, <time>2006</time>, 422 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-313-33438-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-313-33438-2"><span class="nowrap">978-0-313-33438-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yb9xTj72vNAC&pg=PA299">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 299<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+And+Use+of+Our+Earth%27s+Chemical+Elements&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.stitle=A+Reference+Guide&rft.au=Krebs%2C+Robert+E.&rft.date=2006&rft.pages=299&rft.tpages=422&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33438-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AThulium"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brauer-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Brauer_13-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Brauer1975"><span class="ouvrage" id="Georg_Brauer1975"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : allemand">(de)</abbr> Georg Brauer, <cite class="italique" lang="de">Handbuch der Präparativen Anorganischen Chemie</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 2, <time>1975</time>, 608 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-3-432-87813-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-3-432-87813-3"><span class="nowrap">978-3-432-87813-3</span></a> et <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/3-432-87813-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/3-432-87813-3"><span class="nowrap">3-432-87813-3</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 897<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbuch+der+Pr%C3%A4parativen+Anorganischen+Chemie&rft.aulast=Brauer&rft.aufirst=Georg&rft.date=1975&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=897&rft.tpages=608&rft.isbn=978-3-432-87813-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AThulium"></span></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Thulium?uselang=fr">Thulium</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li><li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/thulium" class="extiw" title="wikt:thulium">thulium</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur le <span class="project">Wiktionnaire</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodictable.com/Elements/069/data.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Technical data for Thulium</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-08-11" data-sort-value="2016-08-11">11 août 2016</time>)</small></span>, avec en sous-pages les données connues pour chaque isotope</li></ul> <div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div><p><br /> </p><table style="background:none; padding:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td width="15">  </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_1_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 1 du tableau périodique">1</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_2_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 2 du tableau périodique">2</a> </td> <td width="10">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23">  </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_3_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 3 du tableau périodique">3</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_4_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 4 du tableau périodique">4</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_5_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 5 du tableau périodique">5</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_6_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 6 du tableau périodique">6</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_7_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 7 du tableau périodique">7</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_8_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 8 du tableau périodique">8</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_9_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 9 du tableau périodique">9</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_10_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 10 du tableau périodique">10</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_11_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 11 du tableau périodique">11</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_12_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 12 du tableau périodique">12</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_13_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 13 du tableau périodique">13</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_14_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 14 du tableau périodique">14</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Pnictog%C3%A8ne" title="Pnictogène">15</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Chalcog%C3%A8ne" title="Chalcogène">16</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_17_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 17 du tableau périodique">17</a> </td> <td width="23"><a href="/wiki/Groupe_18_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 18 du tableau périodique">18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_1_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 1 du tableau périodique">1</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Hydrogène"> H </a> </td> <td>  </td> <td colspan="30">  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#C0E8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium"> He </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_2_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 2 du tableau périodique">2</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F66;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium"> Li </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F6CFA1;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ryllium" title="Béryllium"> Be </a> </td> <td colspan="25">  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Bore" title="Bore"> B </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone"> C </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Azote" title="Azote"> N </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène"> O </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FF9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor"> F </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#C0E8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon"> Ne </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_3_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 3 du tableau périodique">3</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F66;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium"> Na </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F6CFA1;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sium" title="Magnésium"> Mg </a> </td> <td colspan="25">  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium"> Al </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Silicium" title="Silicium"> Si </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Phosphore" title="Phosphore"> P </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Soufre" title="Soufre"> S </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FF9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Chlore" title="Chlore"> Cl </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#C0E8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"> Ar </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_4_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 4 du tableau périodique">4</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F66;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium"> K </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F6CFA1;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium"> Ca </a> </td> <td colspan="15">  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium"> Sc </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Titane" title="Titane"> Ti </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium"> V </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Chrome" title="Chrome"> Cr </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Mangan%C3%A8se" title="Manganèse"> Mn </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Fer" title="Fer"> Fe </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt"> Co </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel"> Ni </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Cuivre" title="Cuivre"> Cu </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc"> Zn </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium"> Ga </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium"> Ge </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic"> As </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#A0FFA0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9nium" title="Sélénium"> Se </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FF9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Brome" title="Brome"> Br </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#C0E8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton"> Kr </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_5_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 5 du tableau périodique">5</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F66;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium"> Rb </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F6CFA1;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium"> Sr </a> </td> <td colspan="15">  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium"> Y </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium"> Zr </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium"> Nb </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Molybd%C3%A8ne" title="Molybdène"> Mo </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Techn%C3%A9tium" title="Technétium"> Tc </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Ruth%C3%A9nium" title="Ruthénium"> Ru </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium"> Rh </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium"> Pd </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent"> Ag </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium"> Cd </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium"> In </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tain" title="Étain"> Sn </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Antimoine" title="Antimoine"> Sb </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Tellure" title="Tellure"> Te </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FF9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Iode" title="Iode"> I </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#C0E8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/X%C3%A9non" title="Xénon"> Xe </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_6_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 6 du tableau périodique">6</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F66;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sium" title="Césium"> Cs </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F6CFA1;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Baryum" title="Baryum"> Ba </a> </td> <td>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Lanthane" title="Lanthane"> La </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9rium" title="Cérium"> Ce </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Pras%C3%A9odyme" title="Praséodyme"> Pr </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9odyme" title="Néodyme"> Nd </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Prom%C3%A9thium" title="Prométhium"> Pm </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium"> Sm </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium"> Eu </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"> Gd </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium"> Tb </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium"> Dy </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium"> Ho </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium"> Er </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:2px solid dimgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"> Tm </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"> Yb </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Lut%C3%A9cium" title="Lutécium"> Lu </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium"> Hf </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Tantale_(chimie)" title="Tantale (chimie)"> Ta </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Tungst%C3%A8ne" title="Tungstène"> W </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%A9nium" title="Rhénium"> Re </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium"> Os </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium"> Ir </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Platine" title="Platine"> Pt </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Or" title="Or"> Au </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Mercure_(chimie)" title="Mercure (chimie)"> Hg </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium"> Tl </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Plomb" title="Plomb"> Pb </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth"> Bi </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CCC;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium"> Po </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#CC9;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Astate" title="Astate"> At </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#C0E8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"> Rn </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_7_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 7 du tableau périodique">7</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F66;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium"> Fr </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F6CFA1;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium"> Ra </a> </td> <td>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium"> Ac </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium"> Th </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium"> Pa </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium"> U </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium"> Np </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium"> Pu </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9ricium" title="Américium"> Am </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium"> Cm </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Berk%C3%A9lium" title="Berkélium"> Bk </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium"> Cf </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"> Es </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium"> Fm </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Mend%C3%A9l%C3%A9vium" title="Mendélévium"> Md </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Nob%C3%A9lium" title="Nobélium"> No </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F9C;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium"> Lr </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium"> Rf </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium"> Db </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"> Sg </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium"> Bh </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium"> Hs </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Meitn%C3%A9rium" title="Meitnérium"> Mt </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"> Ds </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"> Rg </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FFC0C0;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium"> Cn </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"> Nh </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A9rovium" title="Flérovium"> Fl </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium"> Mc </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium"> Lv </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Tennesse" title="Tennesse"> Ts </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:{{{4}}}%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson"> Og </a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_8_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Période 8 du tableau périodique">8</a>  </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Ununennium" title="Ununennium"> 119 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#F7F8FF;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbinilium" title="Unbinilium"> 120 </a> </td> <td>* </td> <td colspan="22">  </td> <td colspan="8">  </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="3">  </td> <td>* </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbiunium" title="Unbiunium"> 121 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbibium" title="Unbibium"> 122 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbitrium" title="Unbitrium"> 123 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbiquadium" title="Unbiquadium"> 124 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbipentium" title="Unbipentium"> 125 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbihexium" title="Unbihexium"> 126 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbiseptium" title="Unbiseptium"> 127 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbioctium" title="Unbioctium"> 128 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unbiennium" title="Unbiennium"> 129 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untrinilium" title="Untrinilium"> 130 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untriunium" title="Untriunium"> 131 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untribium" title="Untribium"> 132 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untritrium" title="Untritrium"> 133 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untriquadium" title="Untriquadium"> 134 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untripentium" title="Untripentium"> 135 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untrihexium" title="Untrihexium"> 136 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untriseptium" title="Untriseptium"> 137 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untrioctium" title="Untrioctium"> 138 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Untriennium" title="Untriennium"> 139 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unquadnilium" title="Unquadnilium"> 140 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unquadunium" title="Unquadunium"> 141 </a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FEE;font-size:85%;" width="{{{width}}}%"><a href="/wiki/Unquadbium" title="Unquadbium"> 142 </a> </td> <td colspan="8">  </td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /> </p><table border="0" cellpadding="1" style="margin:2px auto;font-size:85%;line-heignt:normal;background:none;border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#F66"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_alcalin" title="Métal alcalin">Métaux alcalins</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px .25em;width:74px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #AAA;background:#F6CFA1"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_alcalino-terreux" title="Métal alcalino-terreux">Métaux alcalino-terreux</a> </td> <td style="padding:1px .25em;width:72px;text-align:center;border:1px solid darkgrey;background-color:#FBF"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanide" title="Lanthanide">Lanthanides</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="padding:1px 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