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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Đăng nhập</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Trang dành cho người dùng chưa đăng nhập <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:Gi%E1%BB%9Bi_thi%E1%BB%87u" aria-label="Tìm hiểu thêm về sửa đổi"><span>tìm hiểu thêm</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C3%B3ng_g%C3%B3p_c%E1%BB%A7a_t%C3%B4i" title="Danh sách các sửa đổi được thực hiện qua địa chỉ IP này [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Đóng góp</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn_t%C3%B4i" title="Thảo luận với địa chỉ IP này [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Thảo luận cho địa chỉ IP 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nội dung</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Đầu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Xuất_hiện_trong_tự_nhiên" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xuất_hiện_trong_tự_nhiên"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Xuất hiện trong tự nhiên</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xuất_hiện_trong_tự_nhiên-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tham_khảo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tham_khảo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tham khảo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tham_khảo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liên_kết_ngoài" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liên_kết_ngoài"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Liên kết ngoài</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liên_kết_ngoài-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Nội dung" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Mục lục" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Đóng mở mục lục" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Đóng mở mục lục</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fluoride</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Xem bài viết trong ngôn ngữ khác. Bài có sẵn trong 43 ngôn ngữ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 ngôn ngữ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoried" title="Fluoried – Tiếng Hà Lan (Nam Phi)" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fluoried" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hà Lan (Nam Phi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="فلوريد – Tiếng Ả Rập" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فلوريد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ả Rập" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="فلورید – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فلورید" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorida" title="Fluorida – Tiếng Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fluorida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorida" title="Fluorida – Tiếng Mã Lai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fluorida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mã Lai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1" title="ফ্লোরাইড – Tiếng Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্লোরাইড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%AD-kho_%C3%AA_hu%CC%8Dt-ho%C3%A0-bu%CC%8Dt" title="Khí-kho ê hu̍t-hoà-bu̍t – Tiếng Mân Nam" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khí-kho ê hu̍t-hoà-bu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mân Nam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorur" title="Fluorur – Tiếng Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fluorur" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoridy" title="Fluoridy – Tiếng Séc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fluoridy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Séc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoride" title="Fluoride – Tiếng Đức" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fluoride" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đức" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8A%DE%B0%DE%8D%DE%AE%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%91%DE%B0" title="ފްލޮރައިޑް – Tiếng Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފްލޮރައިޑް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoriidid" title="Fluoriidid – Tiếng Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Fluoriidid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoride" title="Fluoride – Tiếng Anh" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Fluoride" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Anh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoruro" title="Fluoruro – Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fluoruro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoruro" title="Fluoruro – Tiếng Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fluoruro" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="فلورید – Tiếng Ba Tư" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فلورید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Tư" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorure" title="Fluorure – Tiếng Pháp" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fluorure" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pháp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluair%C3%ADd" title="Fluairíd – Tiếng Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fluairíd" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%A3%A8%EC%98%A4%EB%A6%B0%ED%99%94%EB%AC%BC" title="플루오린화물 – Tiếng Hàn" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="플루오린화물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hàn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A4%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ֆտորիդներ – Tiếng Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆտորիդներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoruro" title="Fluoruro – Tiếng Italy" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fluoruro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Italy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%93" title="פלואוריד – Tiếng Do Thái" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פלואוריד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Do Thái" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ფთორიდი – Tiếng Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფთორიდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoridas" title="Fluoridas – Tiếng Litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fluoridas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoride" title="Fluoride – Tiếng Hà Lan" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fluoride" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hà Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%83%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="フッ化物 – Tiếng Nhật" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フッ化物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nhật" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoriid" title="Fluoriid – Tiếng Frisia Miền Bắc" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Fluoriid" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Frisia Miền Bắc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ftoridlar" title="Ftoridlar – Tiếng Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ftoridlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorki" title="Fluorki – Tiếng Ba Lan" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fluorki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoreto" title="Fluoreto – Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fluoreto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorur%C4%83" title="Fluorură – Tiếng Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fluorură" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Фториды – Tiếng Nga" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фториды" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoride" title="Fluoride – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fluoride" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorid" title="Fluorid – Tiếng Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fluorid" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorid" title="Fluorid – Tiếng Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Fluorid" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorid" title="Fluorid – Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fluorid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoridi" title="Fluoridi – Tiếng Phần Lan" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fluoridi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Phần Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorid" title="Fluorid – Tiếng Thụy Điển" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fluorid" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thụy Điển" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="புளோரைடு – Tiếng Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புளோரைடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flor%C3%BCr" title="Florür – Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Florür" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Фториди – Tiếng Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фториди" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%88" title="فلورائڈ – Tiếng Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فلورائڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氟化物 – Tiếng Trung" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="氟化物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Trung" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q44793182#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sửa liên kết giữa ngôn ngữ" class="wbc-editpage">Sửa liên kết</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Không gian tên"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Tr%C3%ADch_d%E1%BA%ABn&page=Fluoride&id=71350526&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Hướng dẫn cách trích dẫn trang này"><span>Trích dẫn trang này</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFluoride"><span>Lấy URL ngắn gọn</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFluoride"><span>Tải mã QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In và xuất </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:S%C3%A1ch&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Fluoride"><span>Tạo một quyển sách</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:DownloadAsPdf&page=Fluoride&action=show-download-screen"><span>Tải dưới dạng PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluoride&printable=yes" title="Bản để in ra của trang [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bản để in ra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tại dự án khác </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fluorides" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q44793182" title="Liên kết đến khoản mục kết nối trong kho dữ liệu [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Khoản mục Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Công cụ trang"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Giao diện"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Giao diện</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Bách khoa toàn thư mở Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="vi" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r72032465">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}.mw-parser-output .infobox--nowrap-label :not(.infobox-row--wrap-label)>.infobox-label{white-space:nowrap}</style><table class="infobox infobox bordered" style="border-collapse:collapse; width:22em; text-align:left; ;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #F8EABA">Fluoride</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"> <table class="borderless" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 100%; background-color: none; text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:F-_crop.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/F-_crop.svg/100px-F-_crop.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/F-_crop.svg/150px-F-_crop.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/F-_crop.svg/200px-F-_crop.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="28" data-file-height="24" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width: 50%; vertical-align: middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Fluoride_ion2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Fluoride_ion2.svg/100px-Fluoride_ion2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Fluoride_ion2.svg/150px-Fluoride_ion2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Fluoride_ion2.svg/200px-Fluoride_ion2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1208" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Danh_ph%C3%A1p_IUPAC" title="Danh pháp IUPAC">Danh pháp IUPAC</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Fluoride<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #F8EABA">Nhận dạng</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/S%E1%BB%91_%C4%91%C4%83ng_k%C3%BD_CAS" title="Số đăng ký CAS">Số CAS</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commonchemistry.org/ChemicalDetail.aspx?ref=16984-48-8">16984-48-8</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=28179">28179</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genome.ad.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?cpd:C00742">C00742</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MeSH&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MeSH (trang không tồn tại)">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2007/MB_cgi?mode=&term=Fluoride">Fluoride</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ChEBI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ChEBI (trang không tồn tại)">ChEBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:17051">17051</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ChEMBL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ChEMBL (trang không tồn tại)">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembldb/index.php/compound/inspect/ChEMBL1362">1362</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ảnh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jmol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jmol (trang không tồn tại)">Jmol</a>-3D</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=%5BF-%5D">ảnh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">SMILES</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>đầy đủ</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><p style="word-wrap: break-word;">[F-]</p><p style="word-wrap: break-word;"></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word;"></p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><p style="word-wrap: break-word;"></p></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C6%A1_s%E1%BB%9F_d%E1%BB%AF_li%E1%BB%87u_Gmelin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cơ sở dữ liệu Gmelin (trang không tồn tại)">Tham chiếu Gmelin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">14905</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #F8EABA">Thuộc tính</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4ng_th%E1%BB%A9c_h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Công thức hóa học">Công thức phân tử</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">F<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:0.8em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sub></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_n%C3%B3ng_ch%E1%BA%A3y" title="Nhiệt độ nóng chảy">Điểm nóng chảy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">  </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%83m_s%C3%B4i" class="mw-redirect" title="Điểm sôi">Điểm sôi</a></th><td class="infobox-data">  </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #F8EABA">Nhiệt hóa học</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bi%E1%BA%BFn_thi%C3%AAn_enthalpy_h%C3%ACnh_th%C3%A0nh_ti%C3%AAu_chu%E1%BA%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biến thiên enthalpy hình thành tiêu chuẩn (trang không tồn tại)">Enthalpy<br />hình thành</a> Δ<sub>f</sub><i>H</i><sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>298</sub></th><td class="infobox-data">−333 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Entropy_mol_ti%C3%AAu_chu%E1%BA%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entropy mol tiêu chuẩn (trang không tồn tại)">Entropy mol tiêu chuẩn</a> <i>S</i><sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>298</sub></th><td class="infobox-data">145.58 J/mol K (gaseous)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #F8EABA">Các hợp chất liên quan</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Anion khác</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70981351">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chloride" title="Chloride">Chloride</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bromide" title="Bromide">Bromide</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Iodide" title="Iodide">Iodide</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba;"><div style="margin:0 auto; text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Trừ khi có ghi chú khác, dữ liệu được cung cấp cho các vật liệu trong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tr%E1%BA%A1ng_th%C3%A1i_ti%C3%AAu_chu%E1%BA%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trạng thái tiêu chuẩn (trang không tồn tại)">trạng thái tiêu chuẩn</a> của chúng (ở 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</div></div> <div style="border-top:2px solid transparent; text-align:center;"> </div> <div style="border-top:2px solid transparent; text-align:center;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" class="extiw" title="w:Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Tham khảo hộp thông tin</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Fluoride</b> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'f' trong 'find'">f</span><span title="'l' trong 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ʊər/: 'our' trong 'tour'">ʊər</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' trong 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'d' trong 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-wells313_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wells313-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'f' trong 'find'">f</span><span title="'l' trong 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɔːr/: 'ar' trong 'war'">ɔːr</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' trong 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'d' trong 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span> là một anion <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B3a_v%C3%B4_c%C6%A1" title="Hóa vô cơ">hóa vô cơ</a>, đơn phân tử của <a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">fluor</a> với <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4ng_th%E1%BB%A9c_h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Công thức hóa học">công thức hóa học</a> F<sup>−</sup>. Fluoride là anion đơn giản nhất của fluor. Muối và khoáng chất của nó là các hợp chất <a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A3n_%E1%BB%A9ng_h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Phản ứng hóa học">phản ứng hóa học</a> và hóa chất công nghiệp quan trọng, chủ yếu được sử dụng trong sản xuất <a href="/wiki/Hydro_fluoride" title="Hydro fluoride">hydro fluoride</a> cho các chất fluorocarbon. Về <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_%C3%A2m_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n" title="Độ âm điện">độ âm điện</a> và kích cỡ, ion fluoride tương tự như ion <a href="/wiki/Hi%C4%91r%C3%B4x%C3%ADt" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiđrôxít">hydroxide</a>. Các ion fluoride có mặt trên Trái Đất trong một số khoáng chất, đặc biệt là <a href="/wiki/Fluorit" title="Fluorit">fluorit</a>, nhưng chỉ có với số lượng vi lượng trong nước. Fluoride có một vị đắng đặc biệt. Nó không tạo thành màu cho muối fluoride. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Xuất_hiện_trong_tự_nhiên"><span id="Xu.E1.BA.A5t_hi.E1.BB.87n_trong_t.E1.BB.B1_nhi.C3.AAn"></span>Xuất hiện trong tự nhiên</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluoride&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sửa đổi phần “Xuất hiện trong tự nhiên”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluoride&action=edit&section=1" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Xuất hiện trong tự nhiên"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Calcite_sur_fluorine_(USA)_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Calcite_sur_fluorine_%28USA%29_1.JPG/220px-Calcite_sur_fluorine_%28USA%29_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Calcite_sur_fluorine_%28USA%29_1.JPG/330px-Calcite_sur_fluorine_%28USA%29_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Calcite_sur_fluorine_%28USA%29_1.JPG/440px-Calcite_sur_fluorine_%28USA%29_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4009" data-file-height="2629" /></a><figcaption>Tinh thể khoáng vật fluorit</figcaption></figure> <p>Nhiều khoáng chất fluoride đã được biết, nhưng <a href="/wiki/Kho%C3%A1ng_v%E1%BA%ADt" title="Khoáng vật">khoáng vật</a> có tầm quan trọng thương mại tối thượng là <a href="/wiki/Fluorit" title="Fluorit">fluorit</a> (CaF<sub>2</sub>), chứa gần 49% lượng fluoride theo khối lượng. Khoáng chất mềm, đầy màu sắc này được tìm thấy trên toàn thế giới. </p><p>Nồng độ fluoride nước biển thường ở khoảng từ 0,86 đến 1,4 mg / L và trung bình 1.1 mg/L<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (milligram trên <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADt" title="Lít">lit</a> hoặc <b>ppm</b>). Để so sánh, nồng độ chloride trong nước biển là khoảng 19 g/L (19000 ppm). Nồng độ thấp của fluoride phản ánh sự không hòa tan của fluoride của các <a href="/wiki/Kim_lo%E1%BA%A1i_ki%E1%BB%81m_th%E1%BB%95" title="Kim loại kiềm thổ">kim loại kiềm thổ</a>, chẳng hạn như CaF<sub>2</sub>. </p><p>Fluoride có trong tự nhiên với nồng độ thấp khi uống nước và thực phẩm được lấy nước từ bề mặt (nước mưa / nước)... các nguồn cung cấp nước nói chung chứa đựng tỷ lệ fluoride giữa 0.01–0.3 ppm.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/N%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_d%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bi_%C4%91%E1%BA%A5t" title="Nước dưới đất">Nước dưới đất</a> (nước giếng) có tỷ lệ muối fluoride dao động nhiều hơn, phụ thuộc vào cấu thành đất; ví dụ dưới 0.05 ppm ở một số vùng của Canada tới 2800 mg/lit, mặc dù ít khi nó vượt quá 10 mg/lit<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Ở một số nơi, nước uống chứa hàm lượng fluor cao đến mức nguy hiểm, dẫn đến các vấn đề nghiêm trọng về sức khoẻ.</li> <li>50 triệu người nhận nước từ các nguồn cung cấp nước có mức "gần tối ưu".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ở các vị trí khác, mức độ fluoride rất thấp, đôi khi dẫn đến việc fluoride hóa nguồn cung cấp nước công cộng để nâng cấp nồng độ lên 0.7-1.2 ppm.</li></ul> <p>Một số thực vật tập trung fluoride từ môi trường của chúng nhiều hơn những cây khác. Tất cả các lá trà đều chứa fluoride; tuy nhiên, các lá trưởng thành có chứa nhiều đến 10 đến 20 lần mức fluoride của lá non từ cùng một cây.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18078704_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18078704-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tham_khảo"><span id="Tham_kh.E1.BA.A3o"></span>Tham khảo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluoride&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sửa đổi phần “Tham khảo”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluoride&action=edit&section=2" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Tham khảo"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r71728118">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-width: 35em; column-width: 35em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r72042645">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"“""”""‘""’"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=28179">“Fluorides – PubChem Public Chemical Database”</a>. <i>The PubChem Project</i>. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Identification.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+PubChem+Project&rft.atitle=Fluorides+%E2%80%93+PubChem+Public+Chemical+Database&rft.pages=Identification&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsummary%2Fsummary.cgi%3Fcid%3D28179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AFluoride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r72042645"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C16984488&Mask=1#Thermo-Gas">“Fluorine anion”</a>. NIST<span class="reference-accessdate">. Truy cập ngày 4 tháng 7 năm 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fluorine+anion&rft.pub=NIST&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebbook.nist.gov%2Fcgi%2Fcbook.cgi%3FID%3DC16984488%26Mask%3D1%23Thermo-Gas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AFluoride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wells313-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wells313_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r72042645"><cite id="CITEREFWells2008" class="citation book cs1">Wells, J.C. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/longmanpronuncia0000unse"><i>Longman pronunciation dictionary</i></a> (ấn bản thứ 3). Harlow, England: Pearson Education Limited/Longman. tr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/longmanpronuncia0000unse/page/313">313</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Ngu%E1%BB%93n_s%C3%A1ch/9781405881180" title="Đặc biệt:Nguồn sách/9781405881180"><bdi>9781405881180</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longman+pronunciation+dictionary&rft.place=Harlow%2C+England&rft.pages=313&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Pearson+Education+Limited%2FLongman&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781405881180&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=J.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flongmanpronuncia0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AFluoride" class="Z3988"></span>. According to this source, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English" class="extiw" title="en:Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'f' trong 'find'">f</span><span title="'l' trong 'lie'">l</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' trong 'goose'">uː</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' trong 'about'">ə</span><span title="'r' trong 'rye'">r</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' trong 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'d' trong 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span> is a possible pronunciation in British English.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r72042645"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924035152/http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wat/wq/BCguidelines/fluoride/fluoridetoo-01.html">“Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Fluoride”</a>. Government of British Columbia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wat/wq/BCguidelines/fluoride/fluoridetoo-01.html">Bản gốc</a> lưu trữ ngày 24 tháng 9 năm 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Geneva: World Health Organization. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Ngu%E1%BB%93n_s%C3%A1ch/9241572272" title="Đặc biệt:Nguồn sách/9241572272"><bdi>9241572272</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FLUORIDES+-+Environmental+Health+Criteria+227%3A+1st+draft&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9241572272&rft.aulast=Liteplo&rft.aufirst=Dr+R.&rft.au=Gomes%2C+R.&rft.au=Howe%2C+P.&rft.au=Malcolm%2C+Heath&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inchem.org%2Fdocuments%2Fehc%2Fehc%2Fehc227.htm%231.4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AFluoride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r72042645"><cite id="WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/96" class="citation web cs1">Fawell, J.K.; và đồng nghiệp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/fluoride.pdf">“Fluoride in Drinking-water Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality”</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (bằng tiếng Anh). 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Congressional Research Service. tr. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Truy cập ngày 6 tháng 5 năm 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fluoride+in+Drinking+Water%3A+A+Review+of+Fluoridation+and+Regulation+Issues&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Congressional+Research+Service&rft.date=2013-04-05&rft.aulast=Tiemann&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Fmisc%2FRL33280.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AFluoride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r72042645"><cite id="CITEREFWongFungCarr2003" class="citation journal cs1">Wong MH, Fung KF, Carr HP (2003). “Aluminium and fluoride contents of tea, with emphasis on brick tea and their health implications”. <i>Toxicology Letters</i>. <b>137</b> (1–2): 111–20. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_s%E1%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Định danh đối tượng số">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0378-4274%2802%2900385-5">10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00385-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12505437">12505437</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+Letters&rft.atitle=Aluminium+and+fluoride+contents+of+tea%2C+with+emphasis+on+brick+tea+and+their+health+implications&rft.volume=137&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=111-20&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0378-4274%2802%2900385-5&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12505437&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=MH&rft.au=Fung%2C+KF&rft.au=Carr%2C+HP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AFluoride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid18078704-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid18078704_9-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r72042645"><cite id="CITEREFMalinowskaInkielewiczCzarnowskiSzefer2008" class="citation journal cs1">Malinowska E, Inkielewicz I, Czarnowski W, Szefer P (2008). “Assessment of fluoride concentration and daily intake by human from tea and herbal infusions”. <i>Food Chem. Toxicol</i>. <b>46</b> (3): 1055–61. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_s%E1%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Định danh đối tượng số">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.fct.2007.10.039">10.1016/j.fct.2007.10.039</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18078704">18078704</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Chem.+Toxicol.&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+fluoride+concentration+and+daily+intake+by+human+from+tea+and+herbal+infusions&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=1055-61&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.fct.2007.10.039&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18078704&rft.aulast=Malinowska&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=Inkielewicz%2C+I&rft.au=Czarnowski%2C+W&rft.au=Szefer%2C+P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AFluoride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r72042645"><cite id="CITEREFGardnerRuxtonLeeds2007" class="citation journal cs1">Gardner EJ, Ruxton CH, Leeds AR (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_european-journal-of-clinical-nutrition_2007-01_61_1/page/3">“Black tea--helpful or harmful? A review of the evidence”</a>. <i>European Journal of Clinical Nutrition</i>. <b>61</b> (1): 3–18. <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i_t%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_s%E1%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Định danh đối tượng số">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.ejcn.1602489">10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602489</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16855537">16855537</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Black+tea--helpful+or+harmful%3F+A+review+of+the+evidence&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-18&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fsj.ejcn.1602489&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16855537&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=EJ&rft.au=Ruxton%2C+CH&rft.au=Leeds%2C+AR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_european-journal-of-clinical-nutrition_2007-01_61_1%2Fpage%2F3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fvi.wikipedia.org%3AFluoride" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liên_kết_ngoài"><span id="Li.C3.AAn_k.E1.BA.BFt_ngo.C3.A0i"></span>Liên kết ngoài</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluoride&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sửa đổi phần “Liên kết ngoài”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluoride&action=edit&section=3" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Liên kết ngoài"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33280.pdf">Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Review of Fluoridation and Regulation Issues</a> <a href="/wiki/V%E1%BB%A5_Kh%E1%BA%A3o_c%E1%BB%A9u_Qu%E1%BB%91c_h%E1%BB%99i_(Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vụ Khảo cứu Quốc hội (Hoa Kỳ)">Congressional Research Service</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/MWF/Index.asp">U.S. government site for checking status of local water fluoridation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150203111150/http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/MWF/index.asp">Lưu trữ</a> 2015-02-03 tại <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Lấy từ “<a dir="ltr" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluoride&oldid=71350526">https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fluoride&oldid=71350526</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i" title="Đặc biệt:Thể loại">Thể loại</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Anion" title="Thể loại:Anion">Anion</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Thể loại ẩn: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Ngu%E1%BB%93n_CS1_ti%E1%BA%BFng_Anh_(en)" title="Thể loại:Nguồn CS1 tiếng Anh (en)">Nguồn CS1 tiếng Anh (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu_webarchive_d%C3%B9ng_li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_wayback" title="Thể loại:Bản mẫu webarchive dùng liên kết wayback">Bản mẫu webarchive dùng liên kết wayback</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Trang này được sửa đổi lần cuối vào ngày 6 tháng 5 năm 2024, 02:22.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Văn bản được phát hành theo <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Nguy%C3%AAn_v%C4%83n_Gi%E1%BA%A5y_ph%C3%A9p_Creative_Commons_Ghi_c%C3%B4ng%E2%80%93Chia_s%E1%BA%BB_t%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_t%E1%BB%B1_phi%C3%AAn_b%E1%BA%A3n_4.0_Qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF" title="Wikipedia:Nguyên văn Giấy phép Creative Commons Ghi công–Chia sẻ tương tự phiên bản 4.0 Quốc tế">Giấy phép Creative Commons Ghi công–Chia sẻ tương tự</a>; có thể áp dụng điều khoản bổ sung. 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cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>43 ngôn ngữ</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Thêm đề tài</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-s72t2","wgBackendResponseTime":136,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.248","walltime":"0.370","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1763,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":58353,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5816,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":24,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":36470,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 331.270 1 -total"," 67.16% 222.465 5 Bản_mẫu:Hộp_thông_tin"," 45.88% 151.980 1 Bản_mẫu:Chembox"," 35.57% 117.849 1 Bản_mẫu:Tham_khảo"," 23.43% 77.611 6 Bản_mẫu:Chú_thích_web"," 15.10% 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