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{"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"wpemoji":"https:\/\/flightsafety.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji.js?ver=6.7.1","twemoji":"https:\/\/flightsafety.org\/wp-includes\/js\/twemoji.js?ver=6.7.1"}}; /** * @output wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-loader.js */ /** * Emoji Settings as exported in PHP via _print_emoji_detection_script(). * @typedef WPEmojiSettings * @type {object} * @property {?object} source * @property {?string} source.concatemoji * @property {?string} source.twemoji * @property {?string} source.wpemoji * @property {?boolean} DOMReady * @property {?Function} readyCallback */ /** * Support tests. * @typedef SupportTests * @type {object} * @property {?boolean} flag * @property {?boolean} emoji */ /** * IIFE to detect emoji support and load Twemoji if needed. * * @param {Window} window * @param {Document} document * @param {WPEmojiSettings} settings */ ( function wpEmojiLoader( window, document, settings ) { if ( typeof Promise === 'undefined' ) { return; } var sessionStorageKey = 'wpEmojiSettingsSupports'; var tests = [ 'flag', 'emoji' ]; /** * Checks whether the browser supports offloading to a Worker. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @returns {boolean} */ function supportsWorkerOffloading() { return ( typeof Worker !== 'undefined' && typeof OffscreenCanvas !== 'undefined' && typeof URL !== 'undefined' && URL.createObjectURL && typeof Blob !== 'undefined' ); } /** * @typedef SessionSupportTests * @type {object} * @property {number} timestamp * @property {SupportTests} supportTests */ /** * Get support tests from session. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @returns {?SupportTests} Support tests, or null if not set or older than 1 week. */ function getSessionSupportTests() { try { /** @type {SessionSupportTests} */ var item = JSON.parse( sessionStorage.getItem( sessionStorageKey ) ); if ( typeof item === 'object' && typeof item.timestamp === 'number' && new Date().valueOf() < item.timestamp + 604800 && // Note: Number is a week in seconds. typeof item.supportTests === 'object' ) { return item.supportTests; } } catch ( e ) {} return null; } /** * Persist the supports in session storage. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @param {SupportTests} supportTests Support tests. */ function setSessionSupportTests( supportTests ) { try { /** @type {SessionSupportTests} */ var item = { supportTests: supportTests, timestamp: new Date().valueOf() }; sessionStorage.setItem( sessionStorageKey, JSON.stringify( item ) ); } catch ( e ) {} } /** * Checks if two sets of Emoji characters render the same visually. * * This function may be serialized to run in a Worker. Therefore, it cannot refer to variables from the containing * scope. Everything must be passed by parameters. * * @since 4.9.0 * * @private * * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} context 2D Context. * @param {string} set1 Set of Emoji to test. * @param {string} set2 Set of Emoji to test. * * @return {boolean} True if the two sets render the same. */ function emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, set1, set2 ) { // Cleanup from previous test. context.clearRect( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ); context.fillText( set1, 0, 0 ); var rendered1 = new Uint32Array( context.getImageData( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ).data ); // Cleanup from previous test. context.clearRect( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ); context.fillText( set2, 0, 0 ); var rendered2 = new Uint32Array( context.getImageData( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ).data ); return rendered1.every( function ( rendered2Data, index ) { return rendered2Data === rendered2[ index ]; } ); } /** * Determines if the browser properly renders Emoji that Twemoji can supplement. * * This function may be serialized to run in a Worker. Therefore, it cannot refer to variables from the containing * scope. Everything must be passed by parameters. * * @since 4.2.0 * * @private * * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} context 2D Context. * @param {string} type Whether to test for support of "flag" or "emoji". * @param {Function} emojiSetsRenderIdentically Reference to emojiSetsRenderIdentically function, needed due to minification. * * @return {boolean} True if the browser can render emoji, false if it cannot. */ function browserSupportsEmoji( context, type, emojiSetsRenderIdentically ) { var isIdentical; switch ( type ) { case 'flag': /* * Test for Transgender flag compatibility. Added in Unicode 13. * * To test for support, we try to render it, and compare the rendering to how it would look if * the browser doesn't render it correctly (white flag emoji + transgender symbol). */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, '\uD83C\uDFF3\uFE0F\u200D\u26A7\uFE0F', // as a zero-width joiner sequence '\uD83C\uDFF3\uFE0F\u200B\u26A7\uFE0F' // separated by a zero-width space ); if ( isIdentical ) { return false; } /* * Test for UN flag compatibility. This is the least supported of the letter locale flags, * so gives us an easy test for full support. * * To test for support, we try to render it, and compare the rendering to how it would look if * the browser doesn't render it correctly ([U] + [N]). */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, '\uD83C\uDDFA\uD83C\uDDF3', // as the sequence of two code points '\uD83C\uDDFA\u200B\uD83C\uDDF3' // as the two code points separated by a zero-width space ); if ( isIdentical ) { return false; } /* * Test for English flag compatibility. England is a country in the United Kingdom, it * does not have a two letter locale code but rather a five letter sub-division code. * * To test for support, we try to render it, and compare the rendering to how it would look if * the browser doesn't render it correctly (black flag emoji + [G] + [B] + [E] + [N] + [G]). */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, // as the flag sequence '\uD83C\uDFF4\uDB40\uDC67\uDB40\uDC62\uDB40\uDC65\uDB40\uDC6E\uDB40\uDC67\uDB40\uDC7F', // with each code point separated by a zero-width space '\uD83C\uDFF4\u200B\uDB40\uDC67\u200B\uDB40\uDC62\u200B\uDB40\uDC65\u200B\uDB40\uDC6E\u200B\uDB40\uDC67\u200B\uDB40\uDC7F' ); return ! isIdentical; case 'emoji': /* * Four and twenty blackbirds baked in a pie. * * To test for Emoji 15.0 support, try to render a new emoji: Blackbird. * * The Blackbird is a ZWJ sequence combining 🐦 Bird and ⬛ large black square., * * 0x1F426 (\uD83D\uDC26) == Bird * 0x200D == Zero-Width Joiner (ZWJ) that links the code points for the new emoji or * 0x200B == Zero-Width Space (ZWS) that is rendered for clients not supporting the new emoji. * 0x2B1B == Large Black Square * * When updating this test for future Emoji releases, ensure that individual emoji that make up the * sequence come from older emoji standards. */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, '\uD83D\uDC26\u200D\u2B1B', // as the zero-width joiner sequence '\uD83D\uDC26\u200B\u2B1B' // separated by a zero-width space ); return ! isIdentical; } return false; } /** * Checks emoji support tests. * * This function may be serialized to run in a Worker. Therefore, it cannot refer to variables from the containing * scope. Everything must be passed by parameters. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @param {string[]} tests Tests. * @param {Function} browserSupportsEmoji Reference to browserSupportsEmoji function, needed due to minification. * @param {Function} emojiSetsRenderIdentically Reference to emojiSetsRenderIdentically function, needed due to minification. * * @return {SupportTests} Support tests. */ function testEmojiSupports( tests, browserSupportsEmoji, emojiSetsRenderIdentically ) { var canvas; if ( typeof WorkerGlobalScope !== 'undefined' && self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope ) { canvas = new OffscreenCanvas( 300, 150 ); // Dimensions are default for HTMLCanvasElement. } else { canvas = document.createElement( 'canvas' ); } var context = canvas.getContext( '2d', { willReadFrequently: true } ); /* * Chrome on OS X added native emoji rendering in M41. Unfortunately, * it doesn't work when the font is bolder than 500 weight. So, we * check for bold rendering support to avoid invisible emoji in Chrome. */ context.textBaseline = 'top'; context.font = '600 32px Arial'; var supports = {}; tests.forEach( function ( test ) { supports[ test ] = browserSupportsEmoji( context, test, emojiSetsRenderIdentically ); } ); return supports; } /** * Adds a script to the head of the document. * * @ignore * * @since 4.2.0 * * @param {string} src The url where the script is located. * * @return {void} */ function addScript( src ) { var script = document.createElement( 'script' ); script.src = src; script.defer = true; document.head.appendChild( script ); } settings.supports = { everything: true, everythingExceptFlag: true }; // Create a promise for DOMContentLoaded since the worker logic may finish after the event has fired. var domReadyPromise = new Promise( function ( resolve ) { document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', resolve, { once: true } ); } ); // Obtain the emoji support from the browser, asynchronously when 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data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/ASW_nov15_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World November 2015</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-october-2015/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/ASW_oct15_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World October 2015</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-september-2015/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/ASW_sep15_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World September 2015</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-july-august-2015/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/ASW_jul-aug15_cover1-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World July-August 2015</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-june-2015/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/ASW_jun15_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World June 2015</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-may-2015/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/ASW_may15_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World May 2015</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-april-2015/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ASW_apr15_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World April 2015</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-march-2015/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ASW_mar15_Cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World March 2015</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-february-2015/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/ASW_feb15_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World February 2015</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-december-2014/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/ASW_dec14-jan15_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World December 2014-January 2015</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-november-2014/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/ASW_nov14_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World November 2014</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-october-2014/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/ASW_oct14_cover1-162x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World October 2014</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-september-2014/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/ASW_sept14_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World September 2014</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-july-august-2014/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/ASW_jul-aug14_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World July-August 2014</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-june-2014/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ASW_jun14_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World June 2014</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-may-2014/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/ASW_may14_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World May 2014</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-april-2014/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ASW_apr14_coverNEW-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World April 2014</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-march-2014/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/ASW_mar14_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World March 2014</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-february-2014/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/ASW_feb14_cover-166x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World February 2014</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-december-2013/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/ASW_dec13-jan14_COVER-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World December 2013–January 2014</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-november-2013/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/ASW_nov13_cover-166x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World November 2013</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-october-2013/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/ASW_oct13_Cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World October 2013</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-september-2013/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/ASW_sept13_Cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World September 2013</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-august-2013/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/ASW_aug13_Cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World August 2013</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-july-2013/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/ASW_july13_LR-1-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World July 2013</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-june-2013/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/ASW_june13_Cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World June 2013</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-may-2013/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/ASW_may13_Cover-163x211.jpg" >Aerosafety World May 2013</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-april-2013/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/ASW_apr13_Cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World April 2013</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-march-2013/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/ASW_mar13_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World March 2013</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-february-2013/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/ASW_feb13_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World February 2013</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-december-2012/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/ASW_dec12-jan13_cover1-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World December 2012–January 2013</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-november-2012/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/ASW_nov12_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World November 2012</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-october-2012/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/ASW_oct12_cover-163x211.jpg" >Aerosafety World October 2012</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-september-2012/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/ASW_sept12_cover_0-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World September 2012</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-word-august-2012/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/asw_aug12_cover_0-166x211.jpg" >Aerosafety World August 2012</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-july-2012-2/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/asw_jul12_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World July 2012</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-june-2012/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/asw_june12_cov-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World June 2012</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-may-2012/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/asw_may12_cov-163x211.jpg" >Aerosafety World May 2012</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-april-2012/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/asw_apr12-cover-163x211.jpg" >Aerosafety World April 2012</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-march-2012/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/asw_mar12_cov-163x211.jpg" >Aerosafety World March 2012</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-february-2012/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/asw_feb12_cov-163x211.jpg" >Aerosafety World February 2012</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-december-2011-january-2012/" data-image="" >AeroSafety World December 2011–January 2012</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-november-2011/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/asw_nov11_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World November 2011</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-october-2011/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/asw_oct11_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World October 2011</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-september-2011/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/asw_sept11_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World September 2011</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-july-august-2011/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/asw_jul-aug11_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World July–August 2011</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-june-2011/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/asw_june11-cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World June 2011</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-may-2011/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/asw_may11_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World May 2011</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-april-2011/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/asw_apr11_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World April 2011</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-march-2011/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/asw_mar11_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World March 2011</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-february-2011/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/asw_feb11_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World February 2011</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-december-2010-january-2011/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/asw_dec10-jan11_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World December 2010–January 2011</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-november-2010/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/asw_nov10_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World November 2010</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-october-2010/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/asw_oct10_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World October 2010</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-september-2010/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/asw_sept10_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World September 2010</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-august-2010/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/asw_aug10_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World August 2010</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-july-2010/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/asw_jul10_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World July 2010</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-june-2010/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/asw_jun10_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World June 2010</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-may-2010/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/asw_may10_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World May 2010</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-april-2010/" data-image="" >AeroSafety World April 2010</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-march-2010/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/asw_mar10_cover-163x211.jpg" >AeroSafety World March 2010</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-february-2010/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/asw_feb10_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World February 2010</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-december-2009-january-2010/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/asw_dec09-jan10_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World December 2009–January 2010</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-november-2009/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/asw_nov09_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World November 2009</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-october-2009/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/asw_oct09_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World October 2009</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-september-2009/" data-image="" >AeroSafety World September 2009</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-august-2009/" data-image="" >AeroSafety World August 2009</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-july-2009/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/asw_jul09_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World July 2009</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-june-2009/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_jun09_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World June 2009</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-may-2009/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_may09_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World May 2009</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-april-2009/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_apr09_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World April 2009</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-march-2009/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_mar09_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World March 2009</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-february-2009/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_feb09_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World February 2009</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-january-2009/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_jan09_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World January 2009</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-december-2008/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_dec08_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World December 2008</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-november-2008/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_nov08_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World November 2008</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-october-2008/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_oct08_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World October 2008</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-september-2008/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_sept08_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World September 2008</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-august-2008/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_aug08_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World August 2008</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-july-2008/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_july08_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World July 2008</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-june-2008/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_jun08_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World June 2008</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-may-2008/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_may08_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World May 2008</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-april-2008/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_apr08_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World April 2008</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-march-2008/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_mar08_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World March 2008</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-february-2008/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_feb08_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World February 2008</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-january-2008/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_jan08_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World January 2008</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-december-2007/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_dec07_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World December 2007</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-november-2007/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_nov07_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World November 2007</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-october-2007/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_oct07_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World October 2007</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-september-2007/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_sept07_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World September 2007</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-august-2007/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_aug07_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World August 2007</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-july-2007/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_july07_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World July 2007</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-june-2007/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_june07_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World June 2007</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-may-2007/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_may07_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World May 2007</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-april-2007/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_apr07_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World April 2007</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-march-2007/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_mar07_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World March 2007</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-february-2007/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_feb07_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World February 2007</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-january-2007/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_jan07_cover-163x211.png" >AeroSafety World January 2007</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aviation-safety-world-december-2006/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/asw_dec06_cov-164x211.jpg" >Aviation Safety World December 2006</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aviationsafety-world-november-2006/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_nov06_cover-163x211.png" >Aviation Safety World November 2006</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aerosafety-world-october-2006/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_oct06_cover-163x211.png" >Aviation Safety World October 2006</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aviationsafety-world-september-2006/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_sept06_cover-1-163x211.png" >Aviation Safety World September 2006</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aviationsafety-world-august-2006/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_aug06_cover-163x211.png" >Aviation Safety World August 2006</option> <option value="https://flightsafety.org/asw-issue/aviationsafety-world-july-2006/" data-image="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_jul06_cover-163x211.png" >Aviation Safety World July 2006</option> </select> </div> <div class="filter-bar__login "> <div class="filter-bar__login-inner"> Some content is restricted: <span class="filter-bar__login-links"> <a href="https://community.flightsafety.org/memberjoin">JOIN</a> OR <a href="https://flightsafety.org/sso/login/">LOGIN</a> for full access </span> </div> </div>  </div> </div> <div class="cover-story" style="background-image: url(https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/ASW_jul-aug17_cover_web-e1610469308292.jpg);"> <div class="cover-story__wrap wrap"> <div class="cover-story__entry" role="article"> <div class="cover-story__entry-image offset-image"> <div class="cover-story__entry-image-bg"></div> <img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/ASW_jul-aug17_cover_web-e1610469308292.jpg" alt=""> </div> <div class="cover-story__entry-content entry__content u-content"> <p class="entry__categories"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/safety-issue/runway-safety-alar/">Runway Safety (approach and landing)</a>, <a href="https://flightsafety.org/category/cover-story/">Cover Story</a> </p> <h2 class="entry__title"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-article/emas-avoidance/">EMAS Avoidance?</a> </h2> <div class="entry__excerpt u-content"><p>Industry representatives say some pilots may be trying to keep their airplanes out of material designed to end a runway overrun.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cover-story__menu u-content"> <h2 class="cover-story__menu-title h3">Issue Highlights</h2> <ul class="cover-story__menu-list"> <li class="cover-story__menu-item"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-article/rethinking-the-briefing/">Rethinking the Briefing</a> </li> <li class="cover-story__menu-item"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-article/measuring-passenger-health-risks/">Measuring Passenger Health Risks</a> </li> <li class="cover-story__menu-item"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-article/pull-up/">‘Pull Up’</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="asw-callouts"> <div class="asw-callouts__bg"></div> <div class="asw-callouts__wrap wrap"> <div class="asw-callouts__top-callouts"> <div class="asw-callouts__column asw-callouts__column--apps u-content"> <h2>Download the AeroSafety World App</h2> <h4>Now Available!</h4> <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.joyjet.fsf&hl=en"><img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/themes/fsf/assets/img/play-store.png" alt="Download on Google Play"></a> <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/ph/app/aerosafety-world/id1203279753?mt=8&ign-mpt=uo%3D2"><img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/themes/fsf/assets/img/app-store.png" alt="Download on the App Store"></a> </div> <div class="asw-callouts__column u-content"> <p class="entry__categories"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/safety-issue/cabin-safety/">Cabin Safety</a>, <a href="https://flightsafety.org/category/cabin-safety/">Cabin Safety</a> </p> <h2 class="entry__title"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-article/measuring-passenger-health-risks/">Measuring Passenger Health Risks</a> </h2> <p class="entry__byline">by Linda Werfelman</p> <div class="entry__excerpt u-content"><p>Study finds no elevated risk of DVT during flight.</p> </div> </div> <div class="asw-callouts__column u-content"> <p class="entry__categories"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/category/flight-deck/">Flight Deck</a> </p> <h2 class="entry__title"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-article/rethinking-the-briefing/">Rethinking the Briefing</a> </h2> <p class="entry__byline">by Rich Loudon and David Moriarty</p> <div class="entry__excerpt u-content"><p>Alaska Airlines revamps approach and departure briefings to focus on flight-specific threats.</p> </div> </div> <div class="asw-callouts__column u-content"> <p class="entry__categories"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/category/helicopter-safety/">Helicopter Safety</a> </p> <h2 class="entry__title"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-article/pull-up/">‘Pull Up’</a> </h2> <p class="entry__byline">by Linda Werfelman</p> <div class="entry__excerpt u-content"><p>Spatial disorientation followed an EMS helicopter’s unexpected encounter with night IMC.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="asw-callouts__top-featured"> <div class="featured-events__item featured-events__item--image"> <a class="featured-events__item-link" href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-article/collision-course/"> <img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/unmanned-aircraft_jul-aug17_featured-1-588x392.jpg" alt=""> </a> <div class="featured-events__item-content u-content"> <p class="entry__categories"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/safety-issue/drones/">Unmanned Aircraft Systems</a>, <a href="https://flightsafety.org/category/aviation-research/">Aviation Research</a> </p> <h2 class="entry__title"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-article/collision-course/">Collision Course</a> </h2> </div> </div> <div class="featured-events__item featured-events__item--image"> <a class="featured-events__item-link" href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-article/taking-a-new-path/"> <img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/flighttech_jul-aug17_featured-1-588x392.jpg" alt=""> </a> <div class="featured-events__item-content u-content"> <p class="entry__categories"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/category/flight-tech/">Flight Tech</a> </p> <h2 class="entry__title"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-article/taking-a-new-path/">Taking a New Path</a> </h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-sidebar wrap"> <div class="content-sidebar__content"> <div class="entries"> <div class="entry entry--featured entry--thumbnail" role="article"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-article/two-years-on/" class="entry__image-link"> <img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/FrankJackman2012-even-smaller-2-384x288.jpg" alt=""> </a> <div class="entry__content u-content"> <p class="entry__categories"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/category/editorial-page/">Editorial Page</a> </p> <h3 class="entry__title"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-article/two-years-on/">Two Years On</a> </h3> <div class="entry__excerpt u-content"><p>In the two years since the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) implemented its new “compliance…</p> </div> <p class="entry__byline">by Frank Jackman | Editor-in-Chief</p> </div> </div> <div class="entry entry--featured entry--thumbnail" role="article"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-article/saturated-mental-capacity/" class="entry__image-link"> <img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/on-record-banner-384x288.png" alt=""> </a> <div class="entry__content u-content"> <p class="entry__categories"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/category/on-record/">On Record</a> </p> <h3 class="entry__title"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-article/saturated-mental-capacity/">‘Saturated Mental Capacity’</a> </h3> <div class="entry__excerpt u-content"><p>High workload led the pilot to fixate on continuing the approach, resulting in a fatal…</p> </div> <p class="entry__byline">by Mark Lacagnina</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-sidebar__sidebar"> <div class="sidebar"> <div class="widget widget--message"> <h3>A Message from the President</h3> <figure> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-article/digital-updates/" title="Digital Updates"> <img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Jon-Beatty_280-169x211.jpg" alt=""> <figcaption>Digital Updates</figcaption> </a> </figure> </div> <div class="widget gform_widget"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wrap"> <div class="entries"> <div class="entry entry--thumbnail post-21138 asw-article type-asw-article status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry category-datalink" role="article"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-article/downward-trend/" class="entry__image-link"> <img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/datalink-banner-180x135.png" alt=""> </a> <div class="entry__content u-content"> <p class="entry__categories"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/category/datalink/">DataLink</a> </p> <h3 class="entry__title"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-article/downward-trend/">Downward Trend</a> </h3> <div class="entry__excerpt u-content"><p>ICAO data show 2016 accident rate declined to lowest in history.</p> </div> <p class="entry__byline">by Linda Werfelman</p> </div> </div> <div class="entry entry--thumbnail post-21010 asw-article type-asw-article status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry category-safety-briefs" role="article"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-article/safety-news-july-august-2017/" class="entry__image-link"> <img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Inbrief-banner-180x135.png" alt=""> </a> <div class="entry__content u-content"> <p class="entry__categories"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/category/safety-briefs/">Safety Briefs</a> </p> <h3 class="entry__title"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-article/safety-news-july-august-2017/">Safety News | July–August 2017</a> </h3> <div class="entry__excerpt u-content"><p>FAA: Keep PEDs Out of Checked Baggage | ICAO Seeks Harmonized Drone Rules | ATSB…</p> </div> <p class="entry__byline">by Linda Werfelman</p> </div> </div> <div class="entry entry--thumbnail post-21061 asw-article type-asw-article status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry category-safety-calendar" role="article"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-article/aviation-safety-events-july-august-2017/" class="entry__image-link"> <img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/safety-calender-banner-180x135.png" alt=""> </a> <div class="entry__content u-content"> <p class="entry__categories"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/category/safety-calendar/">Safety Calendar</a> </p> <h3 class="entry__title"> <a href="https://flightsafety.org/asw-article/aviation-safety-events-july-august-2017/">Aviation Safety Events | July–August 2017</a> </h3> <div class="entry__excerpt u-content"><p>SEPTEMBER 19–20 | International Aircraft Cabin Air Conference. Global Cabin Air Quality Executive (GCAQE). London. SEPTEMBER 22–23 | Drone Enable,…</p> </div> <p class="entry__byline">by Frank Jackman</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="footer"> <div class="footer__wrap wrap"> <div class="footer__column u-content"> <p class="footer__logo"><a href="#"><img src="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/themes/fsf/assets/img/logos/FSF_logo_white.svg" alt=""></a></p> <div class="footer__info"> <p class="footer__address">1920 Ballenger Ave., 4th Floor, Alexandria, VA 22314</p> <p class="footer__phone"><span>Phone: +1 703 739 6700</span> <span>Fax: +1 703 739 6708</span></p> <p class="footer__social"> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=1804478" target="_blank"><b class="svg svg--linkedin-icon" data-svg-url="https://flightsafety.org/wp-content/themes/fsf/assets/img/icons/linkedin-icon.svg" data-icon="linkedin-icon"><svg role="img" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 22 22"><style>.st0{fill:#1b95e0}</style><path class="st0" d="M4.2.8c.7 0 1.3.2 1.8.7s.7 1.1.7 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