CINXE.COM
Yuan T. Lee | College of Chemistry
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"a3cccf7140",applicationID:"11770155"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>g,gD:()=>h,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function g(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=g(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>c,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>d,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,mw:()=>s,sb:()=>u});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),c=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),u=c&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,d=((()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2&&e[1]})(),Date.now()-(0,n.t)())},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),g(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return g(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),g(e,t)})))}function g(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=g(n),c=h(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=m()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:v,listeners:h,context:g,buffer:function(e,t){const r=m();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!m()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function g(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=h(e).concat(t)}function h(e){return n[e]||[]}function v(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function m(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,bz:()=>a});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log";n.K7.logging},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{G4:()=>i});var n=r(2614);r(860).K7.sessionReplay;const i={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"};n.g.ERROR,n.g.FULL,n.g.OFF},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>P});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),g=r(384),p=r(6344);const h=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],v=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var m=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993);var w=r(2646),A=r(3434);function R(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,A.YM)(i),a=new w.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function E(){const e=(0,g.pV)();h.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const x={};function _(e,t,g=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const h={};var w=s.ee.get(e),A=w.get("tracer");x[e]=b.g.OFF,w.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{x[e]=t}));var E="api-",_=E+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),j(E,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function T(){}h.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),function(e,t,r={},i=y.p_.INFO){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/logging/".concat(i.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,n.K7.metrics,e),(0,a.p)(y.ET,[(0,m.t)(),t,r,i],void 0,n.K7.logging,e)}(w,e,t,r)},h.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),R(w,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},v.forEach((e=>{h[e]=j(E,e,!0,"api")})),h.addPageAction=j(E,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,j(E,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},h.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},h.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),w.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},h[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h.interaction=function(e){return(new T).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const S=T.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),g||(0,a.p)(_+"tracer",[(0,m.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,w),function(){if(A.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,m.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw A.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{A.emit("fn-end",[(0,m.t)()],r)}}}};function j(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,m.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,w),r?void 0:this}}function k(){r.e(296).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),w.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{S[e]=j(_,e,void 0,g?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),h.setCurrentRouteName=g?j(_,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):j(E,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),h.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,m.t)(),!1,r,!!x[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,w)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>k()),!0):k(),h}var N=r(9417),T=r(8122);const S={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},j={};var k=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let O=!1;function P(e,t={},r,n){let{init:a,info:c,loader_config:u,runtime:l={},exposed:f=!0}=t;l.loaderType=r;const p=(0,g.pV)();c||(a=p.init,c=p.info,u=p.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,a||{}),function(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");j[e]=(0,T.a)(t,S);const r=(0,g.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=j[e])}(e.agentIdentifier,u||{}),c.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(c.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,c);const h=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),v=[c.beacon,c.errorBeacon];O||(h.proxy.assets&&(I(h.proxy.assets),v.push(h.proxy.assets)),h.proxy.beacon&&v.push(h.proxy.beacon),E(),(0,g.US)("activatedFeatures",k.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===h.soft_navigations.enabled&&h.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),l.denyList=[...h.ajax.deny_list||[],...h.ajax.block_internal?v:[]],l.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,l),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=_(e.agentIdentifier,n,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=f),O=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum-1.274.0.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={296:"sha512-gkYkZDAwQ9PwaDXs2YM+rNIdRej1Ac1mupWobRJ8eahQcXz6/sunGZCKklrzi5kWxhOGRZr2tn0rEKuLTXzfAA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var g=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(g.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=g.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=g.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={840:0,374:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(7603);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),g=i(5289),p=i(6154),h=i(384);const v=e=>p.RI&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled");function m(e){return!!(0,h.dV)().o.MO&&v(e)&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}var b=i(6389);class y extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,b.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if(v(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,3861));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,g.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return m(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var w=i(6630);class A extends y{static featureName=w.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,w.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(9908),E=i(2843),x=i(3878),_=i(782),N=i(1863);class T extends y{static featureName=_.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,R.p)("docHidden",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,x.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,R.p)("winPagehide",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var S=i(3969);class j extends y{static featureName=S.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,S.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,h.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(A),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,h.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[A,T,j],loaderType:"lite"})})()})();</script> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)" /> <link rel="canonical" href="/people/yuan-t-lee" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="/node/2602" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/profiles/openberkeley/themes/openberkeley_theme_brand/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta name="twitter:dnt" content="on"> <title>Yuan T. Lee | College of Chemistry</title> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/css/css_kShW4RPmRstZ3SpIC-ZvVGNFVAi0WEMuCnI0ZkYIaFw.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/css/css_TnnMw6Mh72mEvaDujXjSbFOpptbdTbtXwXrVO5d8QpM.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/css/css_VTJqEpJ_kbGhyWnq6E__HtNmim_pFNj_xmqT2CnuFyk.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/css/css_P7--I-hb0gcJsTQhFYqCt9Bbt--MYpgAtnA2MzSE2j8.css" media="screen" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/css/css_WasSX-_q_M8PX6Nbq30PexSvMzdtm3YwWovV4noo78s.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/css/css_fTfJo-dPtzirDva2c_4irCYiTua1w5HvujwppmNQxcE.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/css/css_T8Oy1vbVx0_ccHg5aGeZhJFGyeWLWyvhxux1EitAMRA.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/css/css_qpsIBcs9JSa7ccwyEmky_c737hDf6nNOZA81Rs9WHqg.css" media="print" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/css/css_R3sPjjtLIV2KrFJKSEzE4K6rSifZmvzapoF0Sj27ixU.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300italic,400italic,600italic,700italic,800italic,400,300,600,700,800" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//use.typekit.net/aeg3kye.css" media="all" /> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"","setHasJsCookie":0,"ajaxPageState":{"theme":"openberkeley_theme_brand","theme_token":"K3WP01ZlEZFaKHFTeYh1zoAl_oTsm6R8npxGWudfYBQ","js":{"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_widgets\/panopoly-widgets.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_widgets\/panopoly-widgets-spotlight.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_admin\/openberkeley_admin_siteimprove.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_base\/assets\/js\/bootstrap-accessibility.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/jquery\/1.10\/jquery.min.js":1,"misc\/jquery-extend-3.4.0.js":1,"misc\/jquery-html-prefilter-3.5.0-backport.js":1,"misc\/jquery.once.js":1,"misc\/drupal.js":1,"misc\/drupal-settings-loader.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/libraries\/bootstrap\/js\/bootstrap.min.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.core.min.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.widget.min.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.tabs.min.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.accordion.min.js":1,"misc\/form-single-submit.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_images\/panopoly-images.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/entityreference\/js\/entityreference.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_faq\/openberkeley_faq.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_portfolio\/openberkeley_portfolio.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_theme\/openberkeley_theme.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_twitter\/js\/openberkeley-twitter.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_wysiwyg_override\/js\/openberkeley-wysiwyg-override.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_magic\/panopoly-magic.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_theme\/js\/panopoly-accordion.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/caption_filter\/js\/caption-filter.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/libraries\/maphilight\/jquery.maphilight.min.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/libraries\/jquery.imagesloaded\/jquery.imagesloaded.min.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/google_analytics\/googleanalytics.js":1,"https:\/\/www.googletagmanager.com\/gtag\/js?id=UA-61693021-1":1,"public:\/\/js\/google-analytics-e1a0fee4165af7980ba1180c53a801bf.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/extlink\/js\/extlink.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/radix\/assets\/js\/radix.script.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_base\/assets\/js\/openberkeley_theme_base.script.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_base\/assets\/js\/drupal-announce.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_brand\/assets\/js\/openberkeley_theme_brand.script.js":1},"css":{"modules\/system\/system.base.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.messages.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.theme.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.theme.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.accordion.css":1,"modules\/field\/theme\/field.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/mvpcreator_theme\/css\/mvpcreator-theme.css":1,"modules\/node\/node.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_brand_widgets\/css\/openberkeley-widgets-hero.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_brand_widgets\/css\/openberkeley-widgets-image.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_brand_widgets\/css\/openberkeley-widgets-modal.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_brand_widgets\/css\/openberkeley-widgets-promo.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_brand_widgets\/css\/openberkeley-widgets-thumbnail-list.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_faq\/openberkeley_faq.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_news\/openberkeley_news.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_people\/openberkeley_people.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_portfolio\/openberkeley_portfolio.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_svc_catalog\/openberkeley_svc_catalog.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_theme\/openberkeley-theme.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_search\/openberkeley_top_results\/openberkeley_top_results.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_wysiwyg_override\/css\/openberkeley-wysiwyg-override-list-properties.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_core\/css\/panopoly-dropbutton.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_magic\/css\/panopoly-magic.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_theme\/css\/panopoly-featured.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_theme\/css\/panopoly-accordian.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_theme\/css\/panopoly-layouts.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_widgets\/panopoly-widgets.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_widgets\/panopoly-widgets-spotlight.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_wysiwyg\/panopoly-wysiwyg.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/radix_layouts\/radix_layouts.css":1,"modules\/search\/search.css":1,"modules\/user\/user.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/extlink\/css\/extlink.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/views\/css\/views.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_widgets\/openberkeley_widgets.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/caption_filter\/caption-filter.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/ctools\/css\/ctools.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/css\/panels.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_brand\/assets\/css\/bootstrap-custom.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_base\/assets\/css\/bootstrap-accessibility.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_base\/assets\/css\/openberkeley_theme_base.style.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_brand\/assets\/css\/openberkeley_theme_brand.style.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_brand\/assets\/css\/brand_openberkeley_event.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_brand\/assets\/css\/brand_openberkeley_event_reg.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_brand\/assets\/css\/brand_openberkeley_news.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_brand\/assets\/css\/brand_openberkeley_portfolio.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_brand\/assets\/css\/brand_openberkeley_privatepages.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_brand\/assets\/css\/brand_openberkeley_pubs.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_brand\/assets\/css\/brand_openberkeley_people.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_brand\/assets\/css\/brand_openberkeley_search.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_brand\/assets\/css\/brand_openberkeley_faq.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_brand\/assets\/css\/print.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_theme\/openberkeley-theme-collapsible.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_wysiwyg_override\/css\/openberkeley-wysiwyg-override.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_images\/panopoly-images.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_base\/assets\/fonts\/fontawesome-v6\/css\/fontawesome.min.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_base\/assets\/fonts\/fontawesome-v6\/css\/brands.min.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_base\/assets\/fonts\/fontawesome-v6\/css\/solid.min.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_base\/assets\/fonts\/fontawesome-v6\/css\/v4-font-face.min.css":1,"\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css?family=Open+Sans:300italic,400italic,600italic,700italic,800italic,400,300,600,700,800":1,"\/\/use.typekit.net\/aeg3kye.css":1}},"CToolsModal":{"modalSize":{"type":"scale","width":".9","height":".9","addWidth":0,"addHeight":0,"contentRight":25,"contentBottom":75},"modalOptions":{"opacity":".55","background-color":"#FFF"},"animationSpeed":"fast","modalTheme":"CToolsModalDialog","throbberTheme":"CToolsModalThrobber"},"panopoly_magic":{"pane_add_preview_mode":"single"},"googleanalytics":{"account":["UA-61693021-1","G-R6H5VH098P"],"trackOutbound":1,"trackMailto":1,"trackDownload":1,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip"},"urlIsAjaxTrusted":{"\/search\/node":true},"extlink":{"extTarget":0,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":0,"extIconPlacement":"append","extSubdomains":0,"extExclude":"(chemistry\\.berkeley\\.edu)","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":"map","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":0,"extAlertText":"You are about to leave this website to visit an external website.","mailtoClass":"mailto","mailtoLabel":"(link sends e-mail)","extUseFontAwesome":false},"openberkeley_theme_base":{"disable_linearizable_tables":false,"file_link_icons":0}}</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/js/js_SJgtMdhzo0raDjyuHJR-mtSH_mzSDwMhzOyHsnAskDQ.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/js/js_J1LDKrZlf6nq7Ka0onHwg3MUNfwG75SSQi30oTn81HA.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/js/js_WSdRr8dRB9aR789o7eOu2FTrFwrieZLcNVlHoH7NkB0.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/js/js_-XMY613WD2BTXjfxSlzZQ9Eo0bw4-h-ZZomLzclkVkU.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-61693021-1"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/js/js_XSpTySJvPGOp_9lUPf3YjJbZpZQwB9SGjSoEVD2I09k.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/js/js_dLmXSnakSlQtnZLfaN1SzmwinPEDYG7s4CVD6dWEOCk.js"></script> </head> <body class="html not-front not-logged-in no-sidebars page-node page-node- page-node-2602 node-type-openberkeley-person region-content panel-layout-radix_burr panel-region-contentmain panel-region-sidebar no-slogan has-legacy-footer site-name-normal site-name-option-two" > <div id="skip-link" role="navigation" aria-label="Skip links"> <a href="#main" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main content</a> </div> <header id="header" class="header"> <div class="container"> <div class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="home-branding"> <a href="https://www.berkeley.edu" class="home-link"><div id="new-wordmark"><img src="/profiles/openberkeley/themes/openberkeley_theme_base/assets/images/logo-berkeley-white-2.svg" alt="UC Berkeley"></div></a> </div> <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display --> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar-collapse" aria-controls="navbar-collapse"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <div class="navbar-header"> <div class="navbar-brand"> <div id="site-name-and-slogan"> <!--Remove old wordmark--> <div id="option-two"> <div id="site-name"> <a href="/" rel="home" title="Home"> College of Chemistry </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /.navbar-header --> <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling --> <nav class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbar-collapse" aria-label="Primary"> <form class="search-form clearfix navbar-form navbar-right" role="search" aria-label="Sitewide search" action="/search/node" method="post" id="search-form--2" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="container-inline form-inline form-wrapper" id="edit-basic--2"><div class="form-item form-type-textfield form-item-keys form-group"> <label class="element-invisible" for="edit-keys--2">Search Terms </label> <input placeholder="Search this site" class="form-control form-control form-text" type="text" id="edit-keys--2" name="keys" value="" size="20" maxlength="255" /> </div> <button type="submit" id="edit-submit--2" name="op" value="Submit Search" class="form-submit btn btn-default btn-primary"><span class="fa fa-search"></span> <span class="button-text">Submit Search</span></button></div><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-9vyKvek0MHZTmpOvicGR_KRjqhjZHoA7_hFJnsP6wTQ" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="search_form" /> </div></form> <div id="primary-nav"> <ul id="main-menu" class="menu nav navbar-nav"> <li class="first expanded menu-fields-menu-link dropdown menu-link-the-college-"><a href="/about" class="first expanded menu-fields-menu-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" data-target="#">The College <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li class="first collapsed"> <li class="openberkeley-megamenu-wrapper"> <div class="entity entity-menu-fields menu-fields-main-menu openberkeley-megamenu clearfix"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-7 hidden-xs hidden-sm openberkeley-megamenu-content-column"> <div class="field field-name-field-featured-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><img class="openberkeley-megamenu" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_megamenu/public/chem-complex-night-960x560.jpg?itok=SYIVgYrg&timestamp=1427390591" width="308" height="205" alt="chemistry complex at night" /></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-megamenu-body field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>The central mission of the College of Chemistry is to <strong>advance society through education and research</strong>, and we have made it our responsibility to fulfill this mission, year in and year out, for more than 140 years.</p></div></div></div> </div> <div class="col-md-5 openberkeley-megamenu-links-column"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first expanded menu-fields-menu-link menu-link-overview"><a href="/about" class="first expanded menu-fields-menu-link" aria-label="Overview of The College">Overview</a></li> <li class="first leaf menu-link-college-leadership"><a href="/college/leadership">College Leadership</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-link-history"><a href="/history">History</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-facts"><a href="/facts">Facts</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-centers--institutes"><a href="/centers-institutes">Centers & Institutes</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-major-awards--honors"><a href="/awards-honors">Major Awards & Honors</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-endowed-lectureships"><a href="/endowed-lectureships">Endowed Lectureships</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-endowed-chairs--professorships"><a href="/endowed-chairs-and-professorships">Endowed Chairs & Professorships</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-link-diversity-equity-inclusion-and-belonging"><a href="/deib">Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-link-rankings"><a href="/rankings">Rankings</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </li></ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link dropdown menu-link-academics-"><a href="/academics" class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" data-target="#">Academics <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li class="collapsed"> <li class="openberkeley-megamenu-wrapper"> <div class="entity entity-menu-fields menu-fields-main-menu openberkeley-megamenu clearfix"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-7 hidden-xs hidden-sm openberkeley-megamenu-content-column"> <div class="field field-name-field-featured-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><img class="openberkeley-megamenu" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_megamenu/public/students-glove-box-300x200.jpg?itok=6ZWqWX8W&timestamp=1445535977" width="308" height="205" alt="Students in lab" /></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-megamenu-body field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>Our two departments provide fundamental and applied studies of an outstanding caliber. The remarkable breadth and depth of resources available to our students readies them as chemists and chemical engineers to address society鈥檚 most urgent 21st-century issues.</p></div></div></div> </div> <div class="col-md-5 openberkeley-megamenu-links-column"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link menu-link-overview"><a href="/academics" class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link" aria-label="Overview of Academics">Overview</a></li> <li class="first collapsed menu-link-undergraduate-majors-degrees"><a href="/ugrad/degrees">Undergraduate Majors/Degrees</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-link-prospective-undergraduates"><a href="/ugrad/prospective-students">Prospective Undergraduates</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-link-undergraduate-student-services"><a href="/ugrad/student-services">Undergraduate Student Services</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-link-cbe-graduate-programs"><a href="/grad/cbe">CBE Graduate Programs</a></li> <li class="last collapsed menu-link-chemistry-graduate-programs"><a href="/grad/chem">Chemistry Graduate Programs</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </li></ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link dropdown menu-link-faculty-amp-research-"><a href="/faculty" title="Faculty & Research" class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" data-target="#">Faculty & Research <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li class="collapsed"> <li class="openberkeley-megamenu-wrapper"> <div class="entity entity-menu-fields menu-fields-main-menu openberkeley-megamenu clearfix"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-7 hidden-xs hidden-sm openberkeley-megamenu-content-column"> <div class="field field-name-field-featured-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><img class="openberkeley-megamenu" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_megamenu/public/sarpong-300x200.jpg?itok=A9qmDU1w&timestamp=1445535872" width="308" height="205" alt="Richmond Sarpong in lab" /></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-megamenu-body field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>College faculty have been leaders at the frontiers of knowledge since 1872. Current pioneering research includes premier programs in catalysis, thermodynamics, chemical biology,聽 atmospheric chemistry, the development of polymer, optical and semiconductor materials, and nanoscience, among others.</p></div></div></div> </div> <div class="col-md-5 openberkeley-megamenu-links-column"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link menu-link-overview"><a href="/faculty" title="Faculty & Research" class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link" aria-label="Overview of Faculty &amp; Research">Overview</a></li> <li class="first collapsed menu-link-chemistry-faculty"><a href="/faculty/chem-directory" title="Chemistry Faculty">Chemistry Faculty</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-chemistry-research"><a href="/chem-research" title="">Chemistry Research</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-link-cbe-faculty"><a href="/faculty/cbe-directory" title="CBE Faculty">CBE Faculty</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-cbe-research"><a href="/cbe-research">CBE Research</a></li> <li class="last collapsed menu-link-research-facilities"><a href="/research-facilities">Research Facilities</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </li></ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link dropdown menu-link-news-"><a href="/news" title="" class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" data-target="#">News <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li class="collapsed"> <li class="openberkeley-megamenu-wrapper"> <div class="entity entity-menu-fields menu-fields-main-menu openberkeley-megamenu clearfix"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-7 hidden-xs hidden-sm openberkeley-megamenu-content-column"> <div class="field field-name-field-featured-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><img class="openberkeley-megamenu" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_megamenu/public/news-graphic-300x200.jpg?itok=DZcTjN8l&timestamp=1445452595" width="308" height="205" alt="graphic: reading news on laptop" /></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-megamenu-body field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>Check out College of Chemistry news articles and featured videos, as well as our biannual college magazine, <em>Catalyst</em>.</p></div></div></div> </div> <div class="col-md-5 openberkeley-megamenu-links-column"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link menu-link-overview"><a href="/news" title="" class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link" aria-label="Overview of News">Overview</a></li> <li class="first leaf menu-link-news"><a href="/news">News</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-press-coverage"><a href="/news/press-coverage">Press Coverage</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-catalyst-magazine"><a href="/catalyst">Catalyst Magazine</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-link-impact-report"><a href="/impact-report">Impact Report</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-link-featured-videos"><a href="/news/featured-videos">Featured Videos</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-link-student-stories"><a href="/student-stories">Student Stories</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </li></ul></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-events"><a href="https://events.berkeley.edu/chem/" title="" rel="noreferrer">Events</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link dropdown menu-link-connect-"><a href="/college-relations" class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" data-target="#">Connect <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li class="collapsed"> <li class="openberkeley-megamenu-wrapper"> <div class="entity entity-menu-fields menu-fields-main-menu openberkeley-megamenu clearfix"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-7 hidden-xs hidden-sm openberkeley-megamenu-content-column"> <div class="field field-name-field-featured-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><img class="openberkeley-megamenu" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_megamenu/public/m-and-m-beaker-student-308x205.jpg?itok=eELNhYaN&timestamp=1513899399" width="308" height="205" alt="Student estimating amount of candy in beaker" /></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-megamenu-body field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>The College of Chemistry is consistently ranked as one of the best places on earth to learn, teach, and create new tools in the chemical sciences.聽This is no accident. It鈥檚 the direct result of exceptional scholarship as well as thousands and thousands of donations from our loyal alumni and friends.</p></div></div></div> </div> <div class="col-md-5 openberkeley-megamenu-links-column"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link menu-link-overview"><a href="/college-relations" class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link" aria-label="Overview of Connect">Overview</a></li> <li class="first leaf menu-link-advisory-board"><a href="/college-relations/advisory-board">Advisory Board</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-link-berkeley-catalyst-philanthropic-fund"><a href="https://bcpf.berkeley.edu" title="Berkeley Catalyst Philanthropic Fund" rel="noreferrer">Berkeley Catalyst Philanthropic Fund</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </li></ul></li> <li class="last leaf menu-link-giving"><a href="/giving">Giving</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="secondary-nav"> <div class="container"> <div class="secondary-nav-quick-links-wrapper"> <h2 class="visible-xs visible-sm">Secondary navigation</h2> <ul id="secondary-menu" class="menu nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li class="first leaf menu-link-chemistry"><a href="/chem" title="">Chemistry</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-link-chemical--biomolecular-engineering"><a href="/cbe" title="">Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-uc-berkeley"> <a id="quick-links-toggle" class="dropdown-toggle" data-target="#" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false"> Quick Links <span class="caret"></span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="quick-links-toggle"> <li id="quick-links"> <div class="region region-quick-links"> <div class="block block-menu block--"> <h2 class="block__title">Quick Links</h2> <div class="block__content"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-link-admin--support"><a href="/admin-support" title="">Admin & Support</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-emergency-info"><a href="/emergency" title="Emergency Info">Emergency Info</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-building-access"><a href="/facilities-operations/engineering-management#access" title="">Building Access</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-facilities-operations"><a href="/facilities-operations" title="">Facilities Operations</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-college-directory"><a href="https://chemnet.berkeley.edu/chemdirectory/" title="College Directory of Faculty, Staff, Graduate Students" rel="noreferrer">College Directory</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-research-safety"><a href="/research-safety" title="College of Chemistry Research Safety">Research Safety</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-college-library"><a href="https://www.lib.berkeley.edu/visit/chemistry" title="College Library" rel="noreferrer">College Library</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-seminars--events"><a href="http://events.berkeley.edu/index.php/calendar/sn/chem.html" title="Seminars & Events Calendar" rel="noreferrer">Seminars & Events</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-contact-us"><a href="/contact" title="">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-link-single-sign-on-apps"><a href="http://chemnet.berkeley.edu/" title="" rel="noreferrer">Single Sign-On Apps</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </nav><!-- /.navbar-collapse --> </div><!-- /.navbar --> </div> <!-- /.container --> </header> <div id="main-wrapper" class="main-wrapper "> <nav id="pre-content" class="container" aria-label="Breadcrumbs"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div id="breadcrumb" class="visible-desktop"> <div class="item-list"><ul class="breadcrumb"><li class="first"><a href="/home">Home</a></li> <li class="last">Yuan T. Lee</li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <!-- /#pre-content --> <div id="main" role="main" tabIndex="-1"> <div id="title-pre-content" class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="page-title"> <div class="container"> <h1 class="title">Yuan T. Lee</h1> </div> </div> <div id="page-header"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /#title-pre-content --> <div id="main-content" class="container"> <div id="content" class="col-md-12"> <div class="main"> <div id="main-inner"> <div class="region region-content"> <div class="panel-display burr clearfix radix-burr" > <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-4 radix-layouts-sidebar panel-panel"> <div class="panel-panel-inner"> <div class="panel-pane pane-entity-field pane-node-field-featured-image openberkeley-theme-subtle-header-style" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="field field-name-field-featured-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><img class="openberkeley-brand-widgets-rectangle" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_brand_widgets_rectangle/public/lee-y-t-450x300.jpg?itok=SuQwryU3&timestamp=1556657306" width="768" height="512" alt="Y. T. Lee" title="Y. T. Lee" /></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-8 radix-layouts-content panel-panel"> <div class="panel-panel-inner"> <div class="panel-pane pane-node-content openberkeley-theme-subtle-header-style" > <div class="pane-content"> <article class="node node-openberkeley-person node-view--full clearfix"> <div class="content"> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-person-title field-type-text field-label-inline clearfix"><div class="field-label">Title: </div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Professor Emeritus</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-person-dept field-type-text field-label-inline clearfix"><div class="field-label">Department: </div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Chemistry</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Bio/CV: </div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><ul> <li>Born 1936</li> <li>B.Sc. Taiwan University (1959)</li> <li>M.S. Tsinghua University (1961)</li> <li>Ph.D. Physical Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley (1965)</li> <li>Sloan Fellow (1969); Dreyfus Scholar (1971)</li> <li>Fellow of American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1975)</li> <li>Fellow Am. Phys. Soc. (1976)</li> <li>Guggenheim Fellow (1977)</li> <li>Member National Academy of Sciences (1979)</li> <li>Member Academia Sinica (1980)</li> <li>E.O. Lawrence Award (1981)</li> <li>Miller Professor, Berkeley (1981)</li> <li>Fairchild Distinguished Scholar (1983)</li> <li>Harrison Howe Award (1983)</li> <li>Peter Debye Award (1986)</li> <li>National Medal of Science (1986)</li> <li>Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1986)</li> <li>Faculty Senior Scientist, Chemical Sciences Division, LBNL</li> </ul></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-person-type field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix"><div class="field-label">Role: </div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><a href="/person-type/chemistry-emeriti">Chemistry Emeriti</a></div></div></div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- /.burr --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /.main --> </div> <!-- /#content --> </div> <!-- /#main-content --> </div> <!-- role main --> </div> <!-- /#main-wrapper --> <footer id="footer" class="footer"> <div id="footer-slogan-wrapper" class="footer-slogan-color-web-medalist"> <div id="footer-slogan"> Advancing society through education and research </div> </div> <div id="footer-main"> <div class="container"> <div id="footer-legacy-group" class="row footer-legacy"> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="region region-footer-first"> <div class="block block-block block--"> <div class="block__content"> <h2>COLLEGE OF CHEMISTRY</h2> <ul class="openberkeley-list-unbullet"> <li>420 Latimer Hall<br>University of California<br>Berkeley, CA 94720-1460<br>(510) 642-5060</li> <li><a href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/map" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Map</a></li> </ul> <h2>Undergraduate Student Services</h2> <p>121 Gilman Hall聽<br>University of California聽<br>Berkeley, CA 94720-1460<br>(510) 664-5264</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="region region-footer-second"> <div class="block block-block block--"> <div class="block__content"> <h2>Dept of Chemistry</h2> <p>Graduate Office<br>419 Latimer Hall聽<br>University of California聽<br>Berkeley, CA 94720-1460<br>(510) 642-5882</p> <h2>Dept of CHEMICAL & BIOMOLECULAR ENGINEERING</h2> <p>Graduate Office<br>201 Gilman Hall聽<br>University of California<br>Berkeley, CA 94720-1462<br>(510) 642-2291</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="region region-footer-third"> <div class="block block-block block--administration--support"> <h2 class="block__title">Administration & Support</h2> <div class="block__content"> <p><a href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/admin-finance-technology">Admin, Finance, Technology</a><br> <a href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/facilities-operations/engineering-management#access">Building Access</a><br> <a href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/college-relations">College Relations</a><br> <a href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/contact">Contact Us</a> <br><a href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/deib">Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion</a><br> <a href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/facilities-operations">Facilities Operations & Research Safety </a><br> <a href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/staff/info-for-faculty-and-staff">Information for Staff</a><br> <a href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/it">Information Technology</a><br> <a href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/jobs">Jobs</a><br> <a href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/administration-finance-technology/college-services#shipping-receiving">Shipping & Receiving</a><br> <a href="https://chemnet.berkeley.edu/chemdirectory/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Staff Directory</a><br> <a href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/web-update-request">Website Update Request</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="region region-footer-fourth"> <div class="block block-block block--uc-berkeley"> <h2 class="block__title">UC Berkeley</h2> <div class="block__content"> <p><a href="http://www.berkeley.edu" rel="noreferrer">Berkeley Website</a>聽<br> <a href="http://newscenter.berkeley.edu" rel="noreferrer">Berkeley News</a><br> <a href="http://www.berkeley.edu/admin/org.shtml" rel="noreferrer">Campus Administration</a><br> <a href="http://events.berkeley.edu" rel="noreferrer">Campus Events</a><br> <a href="http://www.berkeley.edu/map" rel="noreferrer">Campus Map</a><br> <a href="http://campaign.berkeley.edu" rel="noreferrer">The Campaign for Berkeley</a><br> <a href="http://www.berkeley.edu/visit/" rel="noreferrer">Visiting Berkeley</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-legacy-single" class="row footer-legacy"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div id="social-links"> <div class="item-list"><h3>Follow us:</h3><ul><li class="first"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/berkeleychemistry" title="Facebook" rel="noreferrer"><span class="fa-brands fa fa-facebook"><span class="element-invisible">Facebook</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/UCB_Chemistry" title="X (formerly Twitter)" rel="noreferrer"><span class="fa-brands fa fa-x-twitter"><span class="element-invisible">X (formerly Twitter)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="http://www.linkedin.com/school/berkeleychemistry" title="LinkedIn" rel="noreferrer"><span class="fa-brands fa fa-linkedin"><span class="element-invisible">LinkedIn</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/BerkeleyChemistry" title="YouTube" rel="noreferrer"><span class="fa-brands fa fa-youtube-play"><span class="element-invisible">YouTube</span></span></a></li> <li class="last"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/berkeleychemistry/" title="Instagram" rel="noreferrer"><span class="fa-brands fa fa-instagram"><span class="element-invisible">Instagram</span></span></a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-bottom"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <a href="https://www.berkeley.edu" rel="external" id="footer-logo"> <img src="/profiles/openberkeley/themes/openberkeley_theme_brand/assets/images/logo-berkeley-gold.svg" alt="UC Berkeley" /> </a> </div> <div class="col-md-8"> <p><small id="openberkeley"><a href="https://open.berkeley.edu">Powered by Open Berkeley</a></small></p> <p><small id="accessibility-info"><a href="https://dap.berkeley.edu/get-help/report-web-accessibility-issue">Accessibility<span class="element-invisible"> Statement</span></a></small></p> <p><small id="nondiscrimination"><a href="https://ophd.berkeley.edu/policies-and-procedures/nondiscrimination-policy-statement">Nondiscrimination<span class="element-invisible"> Policy Statement</span></a></small></p> <p><small id="openberkeley-privacy-statement"><a href="https://open.berkeley.edu/privacy-statement">Privacy<span class="element-invisible"> Statement</span></a></small></p> <p><small class="copyright">Copyright 漏 2024 UC Regents; all rights reserved </small></p> <p><small class="back-to-top"><a href="#skip-link">Back to Top</a></small></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/js/js_i91eXA1hlQ19ij0gQj-5Pyt3dDwj7KAen7yCjk7GTzY.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/js/js_lt1kI2u-wMEf8J8KYX6ak2cSk8aYuY7vOgFkCdX5-B0.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"a3cccf7140","applicationID":"11770155","transactionName":"YVIDZkNTWkZYVk1YWFgYNEBYHRtcV1FcSRlGXxE=","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":195,"atts":"TRUAEAtJSUg=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>