CINXE.COM

News | College of Chemistry

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"a3cccf7140",applicationID:"11770155"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>g,gD:()=>h,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function g(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=g(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>c,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>d,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,mw:()=>s,sb:()=>u});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),c=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),u=c&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,d=((()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2&&e[1]})(),Date.now()-(0,n.t)())},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),g(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return g(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),g(e,t)})))}function g(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=g(n),c=h(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=m()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:v,listeners:h,context:g,buffer:function(e,t){const r=m();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!m()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function g(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=h(e).concat(t)}function h(e){return n[e]||[]}function v(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function m(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,bz:()=>a});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log";n.K7.logging},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{G4:()=>i});var n=r(2614);r(860).K7.sessionReplay;const i={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"};n.g.ERROR,n.g.FULL,n.g.OFF},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>P});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),g=r(384),p=r(6344);const h=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],v=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var m=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993);var w=r(2646),A=r(3434);function R(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,A.YM)(i),a=new w.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function E(){const e=(0,g.pV)();h.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const x={};function _(e,t,g=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const h={};var w=s.ee.get(e),A=w.get("tracer");x[e]=b.g.OFF,w.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{x[e]=t}));var E="api-",_=E+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),j(E,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function T(){}h.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),function(e,t,r={},i=y.p_.INFO){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/logging/".concat(i.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,n.K7.metrics,e),(0,a.p)(y.ET,[(0,m.t)(),t,r,i],void 0,n.K7.logging,e)}(w,e,t,r)},h.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),R(w,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},v.forEach((e=>{h[e]=j(E,e,!0,"api")})),h.addPageAction=j(E,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,j(E,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},h.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},h.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),w.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},h[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},h.interaction=function(e){return(new T).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const S=T.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),g||(0,a.p)(_+"tracer",[(0,m.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,w),function(){if(A.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,m.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw A.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{A.emit("fn-end",[(0,m.t)()],r)}}}};function j(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,m.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,w),r?void 0:this}}function k(){r.e(296).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),w.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{S[e]=j(_,e,void 0,g?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),h.setCurrentRouteName=g?j(_,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):j(E,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),h.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,m.t)(),!1,r,!!x[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,w)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>k()),!0):k(),h}var N=r(9417),T=r(8122);const S={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},j={};var k=r(5284);const I=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let O=!1;function P(e,t={},r,n){let{init:a,info:c,loader_config:u,runtime:l={},exposed:f=!0}=t;l.loaderType=r;const p=(0,g.pV)();c||(a=p.init,c=p.info,u=p.loader_config),(0,N.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,a||{}),function(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");j[e]=(0,T.a)(t,S);const r=(0,g.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=j[e])}(e.agentIdentifier,u||{}),c.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(c.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,c);const h=(0,N.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),v=[c.beacon,c.errorBeacon];O||(h.proxy.assets&&(I(h.proxy.assets),v.push(h.proxy.assets)),h.proxy.beacon&&v.push(h.proxy.beacon),E(),(0,g.US)("activatedFeatures",k.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===h.soft_navigations.enabled&&h.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),l.denyList=[...h.ajax.deny_list||[],...h.ajax.block_internal?v:[]],l.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,l),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=_(e.agentIdentifier,n,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=f),O=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum-1.274.0.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={296:"sha512-gkYkZDAwQ9PwaDXs2YM+rNIdRej1Ac1mupWobRJ8eahQcXz6/sunGZCKklrzi5kWxhOGRZr2tn0rEKuLTXzfAA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var g=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(g.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=g.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=g.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={840:0,374:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(7603);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),g=i(5289),p=i(6154),h=i(384);const v=e=>p.RI&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled");function m(e){return!!(0,h.dV)().o.MO&&v(e)&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}var b=i(6389);class y extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,b.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if(v(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,3861));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,g.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return m(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var w=i(6630);class A extends y{static featureName=w.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,w.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(9908),E=i(2843),x=i(3878),_=i(782),N=i(1863);class T extends y{static featureName=_.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,_.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,R.p)("docHidden",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,x.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,R.p)("winPagehide",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,_.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var S=i(3969);class j extends y{static featureName=S.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,S.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,h.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(A),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,h.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[A,T,j],loaderType:"lite"})})()})();</script> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)" /> <link rel="canonical" href="/news" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="/node/434" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/profiles/openberkeley/themes/openberkeley_theme_brand/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta name="twitter:dnt" content="on"> <title>News | College of Chemistry</title> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/css/css_kShW4RPmRstZ3SpIC-ZvVGNFVAi0WEMuCnI0ZkYIaFw.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/css/css_TnnMw6Mh72mEvaDujXjSbFOpptbdTbtXwXrVO5d8QpM.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/css/css_VTJqEpJ_kbGhyWnq6E__HtNmim_pFNj_xmqT2CnuFyk.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/css/css_P7--I-hb0gcJsTQhFYqCt9Bbt--MYpgAtnA2MzSE2j8.css" media="screen" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/css/css_WasSX-_q_M8PX6Nbq30PexSvMzdtm3YwWovV4noo78s.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/css/css_aCRtJR8TPckvDvyjmRitctVOCP-SAi3FB5a6YtNSVo4.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/css/css_T8Oy1vbVx0_ccHg5aGeZhJFGyeWLWyvhxux1EitAMRA.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/css/css_qpsIBcs9JSa7ccwyEmky_c737hDf6nNOZA81Rs9WHqg.css" media="print" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/css/css_R3sPjjtLIV2KrFJKSEzE4K6rSifZmvzapoF0Sj27ixU.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300italic,400italic,600italic,700italic,800italic,400,300,600,700,800" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//use.typekit.net/aeg3kye.css" media="all" /> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"","setHasJsCookie":0,"ajaxPageState":{"theme":"openberkeley_theme_brand","theme_token":"S8rYTeoUG6R1Jx0vLmwL4xN4xVMNPS5GiAzbegMwWdc","js":{"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_widgets\/panopoly-widgets.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_widgets\/panopoly-widgets-spotlight.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_admin\/openberkeley_admin_siteimprove.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_base\/assets\/js\/bootstrap-accessibility.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/jquery\/1.10\/jquery.min.js":1,"misc\/jquery-extend-3.4.0.js":1,"misc\/jquery-html-prefilter-3.5.0-backport.js":1,"misc\/jquery.once.js":1,"misc\/drupal.js":1,"misc\/drupal-settings-loader.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/libraries\/bootstrap\/js\/bootstrap.min.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.core.min.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.widget.min.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.tabs.min.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.accordion.min.js":1,"misc\/form-single-submit.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_images\/panopoly-images.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/entityreference\/js\/entityreference.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_faq\/openberkeley_faq.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_portfolio\/openberkeley_portfolio.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_theme\/openberkeley_theme.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_twitter\/js\/openberkeley-twitter.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_wysiwyg_override\/js\/openberkeley-wysiwyg-override.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_magic\/panopoly-magic.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_theme\/js\/panopoly-accordion.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/caption_filter\/js\/caption-filter.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/libraries\/maphilight\/jquery.maphilight.min.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/libraries\/jquery.imagesloaded\/jquery.imagesloaded.min.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/better_exposed_filters\/better_exposed_filters.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/google_analytics\/googleanalytics.js":1,"https:\/\/www.googletagmanager.com\/gtag\/js?id=UA-61693021-1":1,"public:\/\/js\/google-analytics-e1a0fee4165af7980ba1180c53a801bf.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/extlink\/js\/extlink.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/radix\/assets\/js\/radix.script.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_base\/assets\/js\/openberkeley_theme_base.script.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_base\/assets\/js\/drupal-announce.js":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_brand\/assets\/js\/openberkeley_theme_brand.script.js":1},"css":{"modules\/system\/system.base.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.messages.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.theme.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.theme.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.accordion.css":1,"modules\/field\/theme\/field.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/mvpcreator_theme\/css\/mvpcreator-theme.css":1,"modules\/node\/node.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_brand_widgets\/css\/openberkeley-widgets-hero.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_brand_widgets\/css\/openberkeley-widgets-image.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_brand_widgets\/css\/openberkeley-widgets-modal.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_brand_widgets\/css\/openberkeley-widgets-promo.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_brand_widgets\/css\/openberkeley-widgets-thumbnail-list.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_faq\/openberkeley_faq.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_news\/openberkeley_news.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_people\/openberkeley_people.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_portfolio\/openberkeley_portfolio.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_svc_catalog\/openberkeley_svc_catalog.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_theme\/openberkeley-theme.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_search\/openberkeley_top_results\/openberkeley_top_results.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_wysiwyg_override\/css\/openberkeley-wysiwyg-override-list-properties.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_core\/css\/panopoly-dropbutton.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_magic\/css\/panopoly-magic.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_theme\/css\/panopoly-featured.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_theme\/css\/panopoly-accordian.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_theme\/css\/panopoly-layouts.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_widgets\/panopoly-widgets.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_widgets\/panopoly-widgets-spotlight.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_wysiwyg\/panopoly-wysiwyg.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/radix_layouts\/radix_layouts.css":1,"modules\/search\/search.css":1,"modules\/user\/user.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/extlink\/css\/extlink.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/views\/css\/views.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_widgets\/openberkeley_widgets.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/caption_filter\/caption-filter.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/ctools\/css\/ctools.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/css\/panels.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/contrib\/date\/date_api\/date.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_brand\/assets\/css\/bootstrap-custom.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_base\/assets\/css\/bootstrap-accessibility.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_base\/assets\/css\/openberkeley_theme_base.style.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_brand\/assets\/css\/openberkeley_theme_brand.style.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_brand\/assets\/css\/brand_openberkeley_event.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_brand\/assets\/css\/brand_openberkeley_event_reg.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_brand\/assets\/css\/brand_openberkeley_news.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_brand\/assets\/css\/brand_openberkeley_portfolio.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_brand\/assets\/css\/brand_openberkeley_privatepages.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_brand\/assets\/css\/brand_openberkeley_pubs.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_brand\/assets\/css\/brand_openberkeley_people.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_brand\/assets\/css\/brand_openberkeley_search.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_brand\/assets\/css\/brand_openberkeley_faq.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_brand\/assets\/css\/print.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_theme\/openberkeley-theme-collapsible.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/openberkeley\/openberkeley_wysiwyg_override\/css\/openberkeley-wysiwyg-override.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/modules\/panopoly\/panopoly_images\/panopoly-images.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_base\/assets\/fonts\/fontawesome-v6\/css\/fontawesome.min.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_base\/assets\/fonts\/fontawesome-v6\/css\/brands.min.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_base\/assets\/fonts\/fontawesome-v6\/css\/solid.min.css":1,"profiles\/openberkeley\/themes\/openberkeley_theme_base\/assets\/fonts\/fontawesome-v6\/css\/v4-font-face.min.css":1,"\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css?family=Open+Sans:300italic,400italic,600italic,700italic,800italic,400,300,600,700,800":1,"\/\/use.typekit.net\/aeg3kye.css":1}},"CToolsModal":{"modalSize":{"type":"scale","width":".9","height":".9","addWidth":0,"addHeight":0,"contentRight":25,"contentBottom":75},"modalOptions":{"opacity":".55","background-color":"#FFF"},"animationSpeed":"fast","modalTheme":"CToolsModalDialog","throbberTheme":"CToolsModalThrobber"},"panopoly_magic":{"pane_add_preview_mode":"single"},"better_exposed_filters":{"datepicker":false,"slider":false,"settings":[],"autosubmit":false,"views":{"openberkeley_news_archive":{"displays":{"openberkeley_news_grid":{"filters":{"field_openberkeley_news_type_tid":{"required":false}}}}}}},"googleanalytics":{"account":["UA-61693021-1","G-R6H5VH098P"],"trackOutbound":1,"trackMailto":1,"trackDownload":1,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip"},"urlIsAjaxTrusted":{"\/search\/node":true},"extlink":{"extTarget":0,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":0,"extIconPlacement":"append","extSubdomains":0,"extExclude":"(chemistry\\.berkeley\\.edu)","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":"map","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":0,"extAlertText":"You are about to leave this website to visit an external website.","mailtoClass":"mailto","mailtoLabel":"(link sends e-mail)","extUseFontAwesome":false},"openberkeley_theme_base":{"disable_linearizable_tables":false,"file_link_icons":0}}</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/js/js_SJgtMdhzo0raDjyuHJR-mtSH_mzSDwMhzOyHsnAskDQ.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/js/js_J1LDKrZlf6nq7Ka0onHwg3MUNfwG75SSQi30oTn81HA.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/js/js_WSdRr8dRB9aR789o7eOu2FTrFwrieZLcNVlHoH7NkB0.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/js/js_i3dsmQVx4QV0IqcvgPWJt1cOzJ5x_aKETFWHjvBuyUY.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-61693021-1"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/js/js_XSpTySJvPGOp_9lUPf3YjJbZpZQwB9SGjSoEVD2I09k.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/js/js_dLmXSnakSlQtnZLfaN1SzmwinPEDYG7s4CVD6dWEOCk.js"></script> </head> <body class="html not-front not-logged-in no-sidebars page-node page-node- page-node-434 node-type-openberkeley-content-page region-content panel-layout-radix_boxton panel-region-contentmain no-slogan has-legacy-footer site-name-normal site-name-option-two" > <div id="skip-link" role="navigation" aria-label="Skip links"> <a href="#main" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main content</a> </div> <header id="header" class="header"> <div class="container"> <div class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="home-branding"> <a href="https://www.berkeley.edu" class="home-link"><div id="new-wordmark"><img src="/profiles/openberkeley/themes/openberkeley_theme_base/assets/images/logo-berkeley-white-2.svg" alt="UC Berkeley"></div></a> </div> <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display --> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar-collapse" aria-controls="navbar-collapse"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <div class="navbar-header"> <div class="navbar-brand"> <div id="site-name-and-slogan"> <!--Remove old wordmark--> <div id="option-two"> <div id="site-name"> <a href="/" rel="home" title="Home"> College of Chemistry </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /.navbar-header --> <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling --> <nav class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbar-collapse" aria-label="Primary"> <form class="search-form clearfix navbar-form navbar-right" role="search" aria-label="Sitewide search" action="/search/node" method="post" id="search-form--2" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="container-inline form-inline form-wrapper" id="edit-basic--2"><div class="form-item form-type-textfield form-item-keys form-group"> <label class="element-invisible" for="edit-keys--2">Search Terms </label> <input placeholder="Search this site" class="form-control form-control form-text" type="text" id="edit-keys--2" name="keys" value="" size="20" maxlength="255" /> </div> <button type="submit" id="edit-submit--2" name="op" value="Submit Search" class="form-submit btn btn-default btn-primary"><span class="fa fa-search"></span> <span class="button-text">Submit Search</span></button></div><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-R2ucOST8hOiLRYF9EfhPx6h4PKXVRDJBxdiNDfaSzhQ" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="search_form" /> </div></form> <div id="primary-nav"> <ul id="main-menu" class="menu nav navbar-nav"> <li class="first expanded menu-fields-menu-link dropdown menu-link-the-college-"><a href="/about" class="first expanded menu-fields-menu-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" data-target="#">The College <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li class="first collapsed"> <li class="openberkeley-megamenu-wrapper"> <div class="entity entity-menu-fields menu-fields-main-menu openberkeley-megamenu clearfix"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-7 hidden-xs hidden-sm openberkeley-megamenu-content-column"> <div class="field field-name-field-featured-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><img class="openberkeley-megamenu" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_megamenu/public/chem-complex-night-960x560.jpg?itok=SYIVgYrg&amp;timestamp=1427390591" width="308" height="205" alt="chemistry complex at night" /></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-megamenu-body field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>The central mission of the College of Chemistry is to <strong>advance society through education and research</strong>, and we have made it our responsibility to fulfill this mission, year in and year out, for more than 140 years.</p></div></div></div> </div> <div class="col-md-5 openberkeley-megamenu-links-column"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first expanded menu-fields-menu-link menu-link-overview"><a href="/about" class="first expanded menu-fields-menu-link" aria-label="Overview of The College">Overview</a></li> <li class="first leaf menu-link-college-leadership"><a href="/college/leadership">College Leadership</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-link-history"><a href="/history">History</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-facts"><a href="/facts">Facts</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-centers--institutes"><a href="/centers-institutes">Centers &amp; Institutes</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-major-awards--honors"><a href="/awards-honors">Major Awards &amp; Honors</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-endowed-lectureships"><a href="/endowed-lectureships">Endowed Lectureships</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-endowed-chairs--professorships"><a href="/endowed-chairs-and-professorships">Endowed Chairs &amp; Professorships</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-link-diversity-equity-inclusion-and-belonging"><a href="/deib">Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-link-rankings"><a href="/rankings">Rankings</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </li></ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link dropdown menu-link-academics-"><a href="/academics" class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" data-target="#">Academics <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li class="collapsed"> <li class="openberkeley-megamenu-wrapper"> <div class="entity entity-menu-fields menu-fields-main-menu openberkeley-megamenu clearfix"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-7 hidden-xs hidden-sm openberkeley-megamenu-content-column"> <div class="field field-name-field-featured-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><img class="openberkeley-megamenu" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_megamenu/public/students-glove-box-300x200.jpg?itok=6ZWqWX8W&amp;timestamp=1445535977" width="308" height="205" alt="Students in lab" /></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-megamenu-body field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>Our two departments provide fundamental and applied studies of an outstanding caliber. The remarkable breadth and depth of resources available to our students readies them as chemists and chemical engineers to address society’s most urgent 21st-century issues.</p></div></div></div> </div> <div class="col-md-5 openberkeley-megamenu-links-column"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link menu-link-overview"><a href="/academics" class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link" aria-label="Overview of Academics">Overview</a></li> <li class="first collapsed menu-link-undergraduate-majors-degrees"><a href="/ugrad/degrees">Undergraduate Majors/Degrees</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-link-prospective-undergraduates"><a href="/ugrad/prospective-students">Prospective Undergraduates</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-link-undergraduate-student-services"><a href="/ugrad/student-services">Undergraduate Student Services</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-link-cbe-graduate-programs"><a href="/grad/cbe">CBE Graduate Programs</a></li> <li class="last collapsed menu-link-chemistry-graduate-programs"><a href="/grad/chem">Chemistry Graduate Programs</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </li></ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link dropdown menu-link-faculty-amp-research-"><a href="/faculty" title="Faculty &amp; Research" class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" data-target="#">Faculty &amp; Research <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li class="collapsed"> <li class="openberkeley-megamenu-wrapper"> <div class="entity entity-menu-fields menu-fields-main-menu openberkeley-megamenu clearfix"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-7 hidden-xs hidden-sm openberkeley-megamenu-content-column"> <div class="field field-name-field-featured-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><img class="openberkeley-megamenu" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_megamenu/public/sarpong-300x200.jpg?itok=A9qmDU1w&amp;timestamp=1445535872" width="308" height="205" alt="Richmond Sarpong in lab" /></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-megamenu-body field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>College faculty have been leaders at the frontiers of knowledge since 1872. Current pioneering research includes premier programs in catalysis, thermodynamics, chemical biology,  atmospheric chemistry, the development of polymer, optical and semiconductor materials, and nanoscience, among others.</p></div></div></div> </div> <div class="col-md-5 openberkeley-megamenu-links-column"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link menu-link-overview"><a href="/faculty" title="Faculty &amp; Research" class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link" aria-label="Overview of Faculty &amp;amp; Research">Overview</a></li> <li class="first collapsed menu-link-chemistry-faculty"><a href="/faculty/chem-directory" title="Chemistry Faculty">Chemistry Faculty</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-chemistry-research"><a href="/chem-research" title="">Chemistry Research</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-link-cbe-faculty"><a href="/faculty/cbe-directory" title="CBE Faculty">CBE Faculty</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-cbe-research"><a href="/cbe-research">CBE Research</a></li> <li class="last collapsed menu-link-research-facilities"><a href="/research-facilities">Research Facilities</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </li></ul></li> <li class="expanded active-trail menu-fields-menu-link dropdown active active menu-link-news-"><a href="/news" title="" class="active-trail expanded active-trail menu-fields-menu-link dropdown-toggle active" data-toggle="dropdown" data-target="#" aria-current="page">News <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li class="collapsed active-trail"> <li class="openberkeley-megamenu-wrapper"> <div class="entity entity-menu-fields menu-fields-main-menu openberkeley-megamenu clearfix"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-7 hidden-xs hidden-sm openberkeley-megamenu-content-column"> <div class="field field-name-field-featured-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><img class="openberkeley-megamenu" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_megamenu/public/news-graphic-300x200.jpg?itok=DZcTjN8l&amp;timestamp=1445452595" width="308" height="205" alt="graphic: reading news on laptop" /></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-megamenu-body field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>Check out College of Chemistry news articles and featured videos, as well as our biannual college magazine, <em>Catalyst</em>.</p></div></div></div> </div> <div class="col-md-5 openberkeley-megamenu-links-column"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="expanded active-trail menu-fields-menu-link active active menu-link-overview"><a href="/news" title="" class="active-trail expanded active-trail menu-fields-menu-link active" aria-label="Overview of News" aria-current="page">Overview</a></li> <li class="first leaf active menu-link-news"><a href="/news" aria-current="page" class="active">News</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-press-coverage"><a href="/news/press-coverage">Press Coverage</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-catalyst-magazine"><a href="/catalyst">Catalyst Magazine</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-link-impact-report"><a href="/impact-report">Impact Report</a></li> <li class="collapsed menu-link-featured-videos"><a href="/news/featured-videos">Featured Videos</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-link-student-stories"><a href="/student-stories">Student Stories</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </li></ul></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-events"><a href="https://events.berkeley.edu/chem/" title="" rel="noreferrer">Events</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link dropdown menu-link-connect-"><a href="/college-relations" class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" data-target="#">Connect <span class="fa fa-caret-down"></span></a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li class="collapsed"> <li class="openberkeley-megamenu-wrapper"> <div class="entity entity-menu-fields menu-fields-main-menu openberkeley-megamenu clearfix"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-7 hidden-xs hidden-sm openberkeley-megamenu-content-column"> <div class="field field-name-field-featured-image field-type-image field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><img class="openberkeley-megamenu" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_megamenu/public/m-and-m-beaker-student-308x205.jpg?itok=eELNhYaN&amp;timestamp=1513899399" width="308" height="205" alt="Student estimating amount of candy in beaker" /></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-megamenu-body field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>The College of Chemistry is consistently ranked as one of the best places on earth to learn, teach, and create new tools in the chemical sciences. This is no accident. It’s the direct result of exceptional scholarship as well as thousands and thousands of donations from our loyal alumni and friends.</p></div></div></div> </div> <div class="col-md-5 openberkeley-megamenu-links-column"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link menu-link-overview"><a href="/college-relations" class="expanded menu-fields-menu-link" aria-label="Overview of Connect">Overview</a></li> <li class="first leaf menu-link-advisory-board"><a href="/college-relations/advisory-board">Advisory Board</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-link-berkeley-catalyst-philanthropic-fund"><a href="https://bcpf.berkeley.edu" title="Berkeley Catalyst Philanthropic Fund" rel="noreferrer">Berkeley Catalyst Philanthropic Fund</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </li></ul></li> <li class="last leaf menu-link-giving"><a href="/giving">Giving</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="secondary-nav"> <div class="container"> <div class="secondary-nav-quick-links-wrapper"> <h2 class="visible-xs visible-sm">Secondary navigation</h2> <ul id="secondary-menu" class="menu nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li class="first leaf menu-link-chemistry"><a href="/chem" title="">Chemistry</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-link-chemical--biomolecular-engineering"><a href="/cbe" title="">Chemical &amp; Biomolecular Engineering</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-uc-berkeley"> <a id="quick-links-toggle" class="dropdown-toggle" data-target="#" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false"> Quick Links <span class="caret"></span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="quick-links-toggle"> <li id="quick-links"> <div class="region region-quick-links"> <div class="block block-menu block--"> <h2 class="block__title">Quick Links</h2> <div class="block__content"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-link-admin--support"><a href="/admin-support" title="">Admin &amp; Support</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-emergency-info"><a href="/emergency" title="Emergency Info">Emergency Info</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-building-access"><a href="/facilities-operations/engineering-management#access" title="">Building Access</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-facilities-operations"><a href="/facilities-operations" title="">Facilities Operations</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-college-directory"><a href="https://chemnet.berkeley.edu/chemdirectory/" title="College Directory of Faculty, Staff, Graduate Students" rel="noreferrer">College Directory</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-research-safety"><a href="/research-safety" title="College of Chemistry Research Safety">Research Safety</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-college-library"><a href="https://www.lib.berkeley.edu/visit/chemistry" title="College Library" rel="noreferrer">College Library</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-seminars--events"><a href="http://events.berkeley.edu/index.php/calendar/sn/chem.html" title="Seminars &amp; Events Calendar" rel="noreferrer">Seminars &amp; Events</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-link-contact-us"><a href="/contact" title="">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-link-single-sign-on-apps"><a href="http://chemnet.berkeley.edu/" title="" rel="noreferrer">Single Sign-On Apps</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </nav><!-- /.navbar-collapse --> </div><!-- /.navbar --> </div> <!-- /.container --> </header> <div id="main-wrapper" class="main-wrapper "> <nav id="pre-content" class="container" aria-label="Breadcrumbs"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div id="breadcrumb" class="visible-desktop"> <div class="item-list"><ul class="breadcrumb"><li class="first"><a href="/home">Home</a></li> <li class="last">News</li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <!-- /#pre-content --> <div id="main" role="main" tabIndex="-1"> <div id="title-pre-content" class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="page-title"> <div class="container"> <h1 class="title">News</h1> </div> </div> <div id="page-header"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /#title-pre-content --> <div id="main-content" class="container"> <div id="content" class="col-md-12"> <div class="main"> <div id="main-inner"> <div class="region region-content"> <div class="panel-display boxton clearfix radix-boxton" id="page-page"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 radix-layouts-content panel-panel"> <div class="panel-panel-inner"> <div class="panel-pane pane-views-panes pane-openberkeley-news-archive-openberkeley-news-grid" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="view view-openberkeley-news-archive view-id-openberkeley_news_archive view-display-id-openberkeley_news_grid openberkeley-card-grid view-dom-id-d2ff4782eeb18d91716109464208afcf openberkeley-views-content openberkeley-card-grid"> <div class="view-content"> <div> <div class="node node-openberkeley-news-item node-view--card row"> <div class="content col-md-12"> <a href="/news/study-shows-promise-optogenetics-new-epilepsy-treatment"> <div class="openberkeley-featured-image" style="background-image: url('https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_brand_widgets_rectangle/public/brain_slice_768x512.jpg?itok=y26t9g8H')"></div> <h2>Study shows promise of optogenetics as a new epilepsy treatment</h2> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-news-pdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">November 25, 2024</span></div></div></div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="node node-openberkeley-news-item node-view--card row"> <div class="content col-md-12"> <a href="/news/breakthrough-in-capturing-hot-co2-from-industrial-exhaust"> <div class="openberkeley-featured-image" style="background-image: url('https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_brand_widgets_rectangle/public/cooling-tower_7x3.jpg?itok=d1By-fo6')"></div> <h2>Breakthrough in capturing ‘hot’ CO2 from industrial exhaust</h2> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-news-pdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">November 14, 2024</span></div></div></div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="node node-openberkeley-news-item node-view--card row"> <div class="content col-md-12"> <a href="/news/beloved-colleague-and-prolific-scholar-alexander-alex-pines-has-passed-away"> <div class="openberkeley-featured-image" style="background-image: url('https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_brand_widgets_rectangle/public/alex_pines_casual_in_office_768x512.jpg?itok=vM9BoixK')"></div> <h2>Beloved colleague and prolific scholar, Alexander (Alex) Pines has passed away</h2> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-news-pdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">November 4, 2024</span></div></div></div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="node node-openberkeley-news-item node-view--card row"> <div class="content col-md-12"> <a href="/news/unlocking-potential-quantum-dots"> <div class="openberkeley-featured-image" style="background-image: url('https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_brand_widgets_rectangle/public/quantum_dots_768x512.jpg?itok=HdUUjOsM')"></div> <h2>Unlocking the potential of quantum dots</h2> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-news-pdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">October 29, 2024</span></div></div></div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="node node-openberkeley-news-item node-view--card row"> <div class="content col-md-12"> <a href="/news/capturing-carbon-air-just-got-easier"> <div class="openberkeley-featured-image" style="background-image: url('https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_brand_widgets_rectangle/public/chaoyang-zhao-graphic-cof-1200px.jpg?itok=okuiaSIq')"></div> <h2>Capturing carbon from the air just got easier</h2> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-news-pdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">October 23, 2024</span></div></div></div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="node node-openberkeley-news-item node-view--card row"> <div class="content col-md-12"> <a href="/news/inaugural-surd-fellows-leading-minds-next-generation"> <div class="openberkeley-featured-image" style="background-image: url('https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_brand_widgets_rectangle/public/surd_symp_768x512.jpg?itok=zwkzbYAs')"></div> <h2>Inaugural SURD fellows: the leading minds of the next generation</h2> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-news-pdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">October 22, 2024</span></div></div></div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="node node-openberkeley-news-item node-view--card row"> <div class="content col-md-12"> <a href="/news/interview-emeriti-judith-klinman"> <div class="openberkeley-featured-image" style="background-image: url('https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_brand_widgets_rectangle/public/klinman-450x300.jpg?itok=jxlfwFBv')"></div> <h2>An interview with emeriti Judith Klinman</h2> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-news-pdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">October 17, 2024</span></div></div></div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="node node-openberkeley-news-item node-view--card row"> <div class="content col-md-12"> <a href="/news/hispanic-heritage-month-lester-lecture-speaker-al%C3%A1n-aspuru-guzik"> <div class="openberkeley-featured-image" style="background-image: url('https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_brand_widgets_rectangle/public/768x512_alan.jpg?itok=jXEMWwH0')"></div> <h2>Hispanic Heritage Month: Lester Lecture speaker Alán Aspuru-Guzik</h2> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-news-pdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">October 15, 2024</span></div></div></div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="node node-openberkeley-news-item node-view--card row"> <div class="content col-md-12"> <a href="/news/ziyang-zhang-receives-nih-directors-new-innovator-award"> <div class="openberkeley-featured-image" style="background-image: url('https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_brand_widgets_rectangle/public/768x512_nih.jpg?itok=XHJq2Kyd')"></div> <h2>Ziyang Zhang receives NIH Director&#039;s New Innovator Award</h2> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-news-pdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">October 8, 2024</span></div></div></div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="node node-openberkeley-news-item node-view--card row"> <div class="content col-md-12"> <a href="/news/blavatnik-national-awards-young-scientists-celebrates-winners-gala-ceremony"> <div class="openberkeley-featured-image" style="background-image: url('https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_brand_widgets_rectangle/public/general/landry-blavatnik-stage-2024-1200x800.jpg?itok=so82hPmz')"></div> <h2>The Blavatnik National Awards for Young Scientists celebrates winners with gala ceremony</h2> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-news-pdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">October 4, 2024</span></div></div></div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="node node-openberkeley-news-item node-view--card row"> <div class="content col-md-12"> <a href="/news/first-natural-enzyme-creates-azides-scratch"> <div class="openberkeley-featured-image" style="background-image: url('https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_brand_widgets_rectangle/public/protein_structure_768x512.jpg?itok=ul_qLg-x')"></div> <h2>First natural enzyme creates azides from scratch</h2> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-news-pdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">September 30, 2024</span></div></div></div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="node node-openberkeley-news-item node-view--card row"> <div class="content col-md-12"> <a href="/news/chemistry-student-witness-rod-panos-and-birth-free-speech-movement"> <div class="openberkeley-featured-image" style="background-image: url('https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_brand_widgets_rectangle/public/savio_car_768x512.jpg?itok=Be85RMim')"></div> <h2>From chemistry student to witness: Rod Panos and the birth of the Free Speech Movement</h2> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-news-pdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">September 16, 2024</span></div></div></div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="node node-openberkeley-news-item node-view--card row"> <div class="content col-md-12"> <a href="/news/markita-landry-announced-laureate-blavatnik-national-award"> <div class="openberkeley-featured-image" style="background-image: url('https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_brand_widgets_rectangle/public/landry_768x512.jpg?itok=oXn4dNJW')"></div> <h2>Markita Landry announced as laureate for Blavatnik National Award</h2> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-news-pdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">September 12, 2024</span></div></div></div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="node node-openberkeley-news-item node-view--card row"> <div class="content col-md-12"> <a href="/news/omar-yaghi-awarded-2024-balzan-prize"> <div class="openberkeley-featured-image" style="background-image: url('https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_brand_widgets_rectangle/public/yaghi_balzan_768_512_0.jpg?itok=_SX9jDiW')"></div> <h2>Omar Yaghi awarded 2024 Balzan Prize</h2> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-news-pdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">September 9, 2024</span></div></div></div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="node node-openberkeley-news-item node-view--card row"> <div class="content col-md-12"> <a href="/news/can-fungi-turn-food-waste-next-culinary-sensation"> <div class="openberkeley-featured-image" style="background-image: url('https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_brand_widgets_rectangle/public/vayu_hill-maini_by_patrick_farrell_ucb.jpg?itok=T8c_B6Ke')"></div> <h2>Can fungi turn food waste into the next culinary sensation?</h2> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-news-pdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">September 3, 2024</span></div></div></div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="node node-openberkeley-news-item node-view--card row"> <div class="content col-md-12"> <a href="/news/new-process-vaporizes-plastic-bags-and-bottles"> <div class="openberkeley-featured-image" style="background-image: url('https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/styles/openberkeley_brand_widgets_rectangle/public/john-hartwig-rj-conk-lab-photo-bob-sanders.jpg?itok=F947DPdT')"></div> <h2>New process vaporizes plastic bags and bottles, yielding gases to make new, recycled plastics</h2> <div class="field field-name-field-openberkeley-news-pdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">August 29, 2024</span></div></div></div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-center"><div class="item-list"><ul class="pagination pager"><li class="pager-current active first"><span>1<span class="element-invisible"> of 76 Grid: News (Current page)</span></span></li> <li class="pager-item"><a title="Go to page 2" href="/news?field_openberkeley_news_type_tid%5B344%5D=344&amp;field_openberkeley_news_type_tid_op=not&amp;page=1">2<span class="element-invisible"> of 76 Grid: News</span></a></li> <li class="pager-item"><a title="Go to page 3" href="/news?field_openberkeley_news_type_tid%5B344%5D=344&amp;field_openberkeley_news_type_tid_op=not&amp;page=2">3<span class="element-invisible"> of 76 Grid: News</span></a></li> <li class="pager-item"><a title="Go to page 4" href="/news?field_openberkeley_news_type_tid%5B344%5D=344&amp;field_openberkeley_news_type_tid_op=not&amp;page=3">4<span class="element-invisible"> of 76 Grid: News</span></a></li> <li class="pager-item"><a title="Go to page 5" href="/news?field_openberkeley_news_type_tid%5B344%5D=344&amp;field_openberkeley_news_type_tid_op=not&amp;page=4">5<span class="element-invisible"> of 76 Grid: News</span></a></li> <li class="pager-item"><a title="Go to page 6" href="/news?field_openberkeley_news_type_tid%5B344%5D=344&amp;field_openberkeley_news_type_tid_op=not&amp;page=5">6<span class="element-invisible"> of 76 Grid: News</span></a></li> <li class="pager-item"><a title="Go to page 7" href="/news?field_openberkeley_news_type_tid%5B344%5D=344&amp;field_openberkeley_news_type_tid_op=not&amp;page=6">7<span class="element-invisible"> of 76 Grid: News</span></a></li> <li class="pager-item"><a title="Go to page 8" href="/news?field_openberkeley_news_type_tid%5B344%5D=344&amp;field_openberkeley_news_type_tid_op=not&amp;page=7">8<span class="element-invisible"> of 76 Grid: News</span></a></li> <li class="pager-item"><a title="Go to page 9" href="/news?field_openberkeley_news_type_tid%5B344%5D=344&amp;field_openberkeley_news_type_tid_op=not&amp;page=8">9<span class="element-invisible"> of 76 Grid: News</span></a></li> <li class="pager-ellipsis">…</li> <li class="pager-next"><a title="Go to next page" href="/news?field_openberkeley_news_type_tid%5B344%5D=344&amp;field_openberkeley_news_type_tid_op=not&amp;page=1">next ›<span class="element-invisible"> Grid: News</span></a></li> <li class="pager-last last"><a title="Go to last page" href="/news?field_openberkeley_news_type_tid%5B344%5D=344&amp;field_openberkeley_news_type_tid_op=not&amp;page=75">last »<span class="element-invisible"> Grid: News</span></a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- /.boxton --> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /.main --> </div> <!-- /#content --> </div> <!-- /#main-content --> </div> <!-- role main --> </div> <!-- /#main-wrapper --> <footer id="footer" class="footer"> <div id="footer-slogan-wrapper" class="footer-slogan-color-web-medalist"> <div id="footer-slogan"> Advancing society through education and research </div> </div> <div id="footer-main"> <div class="container"> <div id="footer-legacy-group" class="row footer-legacy"> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="region region-footer-first"> <div class="block block-block block--"> <div class="block__content"> <h2>COLLEGE OF CHEMISTRY</h2> <ul class="openberkeley-list-unbullet"> <li>420 Latimer Hall<br>University of California<br>Berkeley, CA 94720-1460<br>(510) 642-5060</li> <li><a href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/map" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Map</a></li> </ul> <h2>Undergraduate Student Services</h2> <p>121 Gilman Hall <br>University of California <br>Berkeley, CA 94720-1460<br>(510) 664-5264</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="region region-footer-second"> <div class="block block-block block--"> <div class="block__content"> <h2>Dept of Chemistry</h2> <p>Graduate Office<br>419 Latimer Hall <br>University of California <br>Berkeley, CA 94720-1460<br>(510) 642-5882</p> <h2>Dept of CHEMICAL &amp; BIOMOLECULAR ENGINEERING</h2> <p>Graduate Office<br>201 Gilman Hall <br>University of California<br>Berkeley, CA 94720-1462<br>(510) 642-2291</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="region region-footer-third"> <div class="block block-block block--administration--support"> <h2 class="block__title">Administration &amp; Support</h2> <div class="block__content"> <p><a href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/admin-finance-technology">Admin, Finance, Technology</a><br> <a href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/facilities-operations/engineering-management#access">Building Access</a><br> <a href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/college-relations">College Relations</a><br> <a href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/contact">Contact Us</a> <br><a href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/deib">Diversity, Equity, &amp; Inclusion</a><br> <a href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/facilities-operations">Facilities Operations &amp; Research Safety </a><br> <a href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/staff/info-for-faculty-and-staff">Information for Staff</a><br> <a href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/it">Information Technology</a><br> <a href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/jobs">Jobs</a><br> <a href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/administration-finance-technology/college-services#shipping-receiving">Shipping &amp; Receiving</a><br> <a href="https://chemnet.berkeley.edu/chemdirectory/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Staff Directory</a><br> <a href="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/web-update-request">Website Update Request</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="region region-footer-fourth"> <div class="block block-block block--uc-berkeley"> <h2 class="block__title">UC Berkeley</h2> <div class="block__content"> <p><a href="http://www.berkeley.edu" rel="noreferrer">Berkeley Website</a> <br> <a href="http://newscenter.berkeley.edu" rel="noreferrer">Berkeley News</a><br> <a href="http://www.berkeley.edu/admin/org.shtml" rel="noreferrer">Campus Administration</a><br> <a href="http://events.berkeley.edu" rel="noreferrer">Campus Events</a><br> <a href="http://www.berkeley.edu/map" rel="noreferrer">Campus Map</a><br> <a href="http://campaign.berkeley.edu" rel="noreferrer">The Campaign for Berkeley</a><br> <a href="http://www.berkeley.edu/visit/" rel="noreferrer">Visiting Berkeley</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-legacy-single" class="row footer-legacy"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div id="social-links"> <div class="item-list"><h3>Follow us:</h3><ul><li class="first"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/berkeleychemistry" title="Facebook" rel="noreferrer"><span class="fa-brands fa fa-facebook"><span class="element-invisible">Facebook</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/UCB_Chemistry" title="X (formerly Twitter)" rel="noreferrer"><span class="fa-brands fa fa-x-twitter"><span class="element-invisible">X (formerly Twitter)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="http://www.linkedin.com/school/berkeleychemistry" title="LinkedIn" rel="noreferrer"><span class="fa-brands fa fa-linkedin"><span class="element-invisible">LinkedIn</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/BerkeleyChemistry" title="YouTube" rel="noreferrer"><span class="fa-brands fa fa-youtube-play"><span class="element-invisible">YouTube</span></span></a></li> <li class="last"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/berkeleychemistry/" title="Instagram" rel="noreferrer"><span class="fa-brands fa fa-instagram"><span class="element-invisible">Instagram</span></span></a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-bottom"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <a href="https://www.berkeley.edu" rel="external" id="footer-logo"> <img src="/profiles/openberkeley/themes/openberkeley_theme_brand/assets/images/logo-berkeley-gold.svg" alt="UC Berkeley" /> </a> </div> <div class="col-md-8"> <p><small id="openberkeley"><a href="https://open.berkeley.edu">Powered by Open Berkeley</a></small></p> <p><small id="accessibility-info"><a href="https://dap.berkeley.edu/get-help/report-web-accessibility-issue">Accessibility<span class="element-invisible"> Statement</span></a></small></p> <p><small id="nondiscrimination"><a href="https://ophd.berkeley.edu/policies-and-procedures/nondiscrimination-policy-statement">Nondiscrimination<span class="element-invisible"> Policy Statement</span></a></small></p> <p><small id="openberkeley-privacy-statement"><a href="https://open.berkeley.edu/privacy-statement">Privacy<span class="element-invisible"> Statement</span></a></small></p> <p><small class="copyright">Copyright © 2024 UC Regents; all rights reserved </small></p> <p><small class="back-to-top"><a href="#skip-link">Back to Top</a></small></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/js/js_i91eXA1hlQ19ij0gQj-5Pyt3dDwj7KAen7yCjk7GTzY.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/js/js_lt1kI2u-wMEf8J8KYX6ak2cSk8aYuY7vOgFkCdX5-B0.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"a3cccf7140","applicationID":"11770155","transactionName":"YVIDZkNTWkZYVk1YWFgYNEBYHRtcV1FcSRlGXxE=","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":296,"atts":"TRUAEAtJSUg=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10