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rootpage-Appendix_Spanish_pronouns skin-vector action-view"><div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Appendix</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Spanish pronouns</span></h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wiktionary, the free dictionary</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Personal_pronouns"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Personal pronouns</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Inflection"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Inflection</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Usage"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Usage</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Nominative_forms"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Nominative forms</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#Compounds_with_con"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Compounds with <i>con</i></span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Regional_and_temporal_variation"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Regional and temporal variation</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Tú,_usted_and_vusted"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Tú, usted and vusted</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Ustedes_and_vosotros"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Ustedes and vosotros</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Voseo"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Voseo</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Possessive_pronouns"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Possessive pronouns</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Inflection_2"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Inflection</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Usage_2"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Usage</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Demonstratives"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Demonstratives</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Inflection_3"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Inflection</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Usage_3"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Usage</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_pronouns">Personal pronouns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Spanish_pronouns&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Personal pronouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inflection">Inflection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Spanish_pronouns&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Inflection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="border: 1px solid #FFFFFF; border-collapse:collapse;" cellpadding="3" rules="all" align="center"> <caption>Personal pronoun inflection in Spanish </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">  </td> <td colspan="1" bgcolor="#A0C0A0" align="center"><a href="/wiki/nominative" title="nominative">nominative</a> </td> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#C0B0A0" align="center"><a href="/wiki/objective" title="objective">objective</a> </td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#B0B0C0" align="center"><a href="/wiki/reflexive" title="reflexive">reflexive</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-size:85%;">Person</span> </td> <td bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-size:85%;">No</span> </td> <td bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><span style="font-size:85%;">Gender</span> </td> <td bgcolor="#A0C0A0"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/subject" title="subject">subject</a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#C0B0A0"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/direct_object" title="direct object">direct object</a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#C0B0A0"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/indirect_object" title="indirect object">indirect object</a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#C0B0A0"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/prepositional" title="prepositional">prepositional</a> <a href="/wiki/object" title="object">object</a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#C0B0A0"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/con" title="con">con</a> + form <sup>1</sup></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#B0B0C0"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/plain" title="plain">plain</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F0F0D0"><span style="font-size:85%;">1st</span> </td> <td rowspan="3" bgcolor="#F0F0D0"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="gender"><abbr title="singular number">sg</abbr></span></span> </td> <td rowspan="3" bgcolor="#F0F0D0">  </td> <td bgcolor="#E0F0E0"><a href="/wiki/yo" title="yo">yo</a> </td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/me" title="me">me</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/m%C3%AD" title="mí">mí</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/conmigo" title="conmigo">conmigo</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0E0F0"><a href="/wiki/me" title="me">me</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F0F0D0"><span style="font-size:85%;">2nd (familiar) <sup>2</sup></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0F0E0"><a href="/wiki/vos" title="vos">vos</a> </td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/te" title="te">te</a>, <a href="/wiki/os" title="os">os</a> <sup>7</sup>, <a href="/wiki/vos" title="vos">vos</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/vos" title="vos">vos</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/con" title="con">con</a> <a href="/wiki/vos" title="vos">vos</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0E0F0"><a href="/wiki/te" title="te">te</a>, <a href="/wiki/os" title="os">os</a> <sup>7</sup>, <a href="/wiki/vos" title="vos">vos</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F0F0D0"><span style="font-size:85%;">2nd (familiar)</span> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0F0E0"><a href="/wiki/t%C3%BA" title="tú">tú</a> </td> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/te" title="te">te</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/ti" title="ti">ti</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/contigo" title="contigo">contigo</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0E0F0"><a href="/wiki/te" title="te">te</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E0E0C0"><span style="font-size:85%;">2nd (formal)</span> </td> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#E0E0C0"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="gender"><abbr title="singular number">sg</abbr></span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0E0C0">  </td> <td bgcolor="#D0E0D0"><a href="/wiki/usted" title="usted">usted</a>, <a href="/wiki/vusted" title="vusted">vusted</a> <sup>3</sup> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0D0D0">  </td> <td bgcolor="#E0D0D0"><a href="/wiki/se" title="se">se</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0D0D0"><a href="/wiki/usted" title="usted">usted</a>, <a href="/wiki/vusted" title="vusted">vusted</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#D0D0E0"><a href="/wiki/consigo" title="consigo">consigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/con" title="con">con</a> <a href="/wiki/usted" title="usted">usted</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#D0D0E0"><a href="/wiki/se" title="se">se</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" bgcolor="#E0E0C0"><span style="font-size:85%;">3rd</span> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0E0C0" align="center"><span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#D0E0D0"><a href="/wiki/%C3%A9l" title="él">él</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0D0D0"><a href="/wiki/le" title="le">le</a>, <a href="/wiki/lo" title="lo">lo</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" bgcolor="#E0D0D0"><a href="/wiki/le" title="le">le</a>, <a href="/wiki/se" title="se">se</a> <sup>4</sup> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0D0D0"><a href="/wiki/%C3%A9l" title="él">él</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#D0D0E0"><a href="/wiki/consigo" title="consigo">consigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/con" title="con">con</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%A9l" title="él">él</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" bgcolor="#D0D0E0"><a href="/wiki/se" title="se">se</a>, <a href="/wiki/s%C3%AD" title="sí">sí</a> <sup>5</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E0E0C0" align="center"><span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#D0E0D0"><a href="/wiki/ella" title="ella">ella</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0D0D0"><a href="/wiki/la" title="la">la</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0D0D0"><a href="/wiki/ella" title="ella">ella</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#D0D0E0"><a href="/wiki/consigo" title="consigo">consigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/con" title="con">con</a> <a href="/wiki/ella" title="ella">ella</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E0E0C0" align="center"><span class="gender"><abbr title="neuter gender">n</abbr></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#D0E0D0"><a href="/wiki/ello" title="ello">ello</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0D0D0"><a href="/wiki/lo" title="lo">lo</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0D0D0"><a href="/wiki/ello" title="ello">ello</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#D0D0E0"><a href="/wiki/consigo" title="consigo">consigo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" bgcolor="#F0F0D0"><span style="font-size:85%;">1st</span> </td> <td rowspan="4" bgcolor="#F0F0D0"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="gender"><abbr title="plural number">pl</abbr></span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F0F0D0" align="center"><span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span>, <span class="gender"><abbr title="common gender">c</abbr></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0F0E0"><a href="/wiki/nosotros" title="nosotros">nosotros</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" bgcolor="#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/nos" title="nos">nos</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/nosotros" title="nosotros">nosotros</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/con" title="con">con</a> <a href="/wiki/nosotros" title="nosotros">nosotros</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" bgcolor="#E0E0F0"><a href="/wiki/nos" title="nos">nos</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F0F0D0" align="center"><span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0F0E0"><a href="/wiki/nosotras" title="nosotras">nosotras</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/nosotras" title="nosotras">nosotras</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/con" title="con">con</a> <a href="/wiki/nosotras" title="nosotras">nosotras</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F0F0D0"><span style="font-size:85%;">2nd (familiar, is used only in Spain)</span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F0F0D0" align="center"><span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span>, <span class="gender"><abbr title="common gender">c</abbr></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0F0E0"><a href="/wiki/vosotros" title="vosotros">vosotros</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" bgcolor="#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/os" title="os">os</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/vosotros" title="vosotros">vosotros</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/con" title="con">con</a> <a href="/wiki/vosotros" title="vosotros">vosotros</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" bgcolor="#E0E0F0"><a href="/wiki/os" title="os">os</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F0F0D0"><span style="font-size:85%;">2nd (familiar)</span> </td> <td bgcolor="#F0F0D0" align="center"><span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0F0E0"><a href="/wiki/vosotras" title="vosotras">vosotras</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/vosotras" title="vosotras">vosotras</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/con" title="con">con</a> <a href="/wiki/vosotras" title="vosotras">vosotras</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E0E0C0"><span style="font-size:85%;">2nd <sup>6</sup></span> </td> <td rowspan="3" bgcolor="#E0E0C0"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="gender"><abbr title="plural number">pl</abbr></span></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0E0C0">  </td> <td bgcolor="#D0E0D0"><a href="/wiki/ustedes" title="ustedes">ustedes</a>, <a href="/wiki/vustedes" title="vustedes">vustedes</a> <sup>3</sup> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0D0D0">  </td> <td bgcolor="#E0D0D0"><a href="/wiki/se" title="se">se</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0D0D0"><a href="/wiki/ustedes" title="ustedes">ustedes</a>, <a href="/wiki/vustedes" title="vustedes">vustedes</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#D0D0E0"><a href="/wiki/consigo" title="consigo">consigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/con" title="con">con</a> <a href="/wiki/ustedes" title="ustedes">ustedes</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" bgcolor="#D0D0E0"><a href="/wiki/se" title="se">se</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" bgcolor="#E0E0C0"><span style="font-size:85%;">3rd</span> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0E0C0" align="center"><span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span>, <span class="gender"><abbr title="common gender">c</abbr></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#D0E0D0"><a href="/wiki/ellos" title="ellos">ellos</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0D0D0"><a href="/wiki/los" title="los">los</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" bgcolor="#E0D0D0"><a href="/wiki/les" title="les">les</a>, <a href="/wiki/se" title="se">se</a> <sup>4</sup> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0D0D0"><a href="/wiki/ellos" title="ellos">ellos</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#D0D0E0"><a href="/wiki/consigo" title="consigo">consigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/con" title="con">con</a> <a href="/wiki/ellos" title="ellos">ellos</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E0E0C0" align="center"><span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#D0E0D0"><a href="/wiki/ellas" title="ellas">ellas</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0D0D0"><a href="/wiki/las" title="las">las</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#E0D0D0"><a href="/wiki/ellas" title="ellas">ellas</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#D0D0E0"><a href="/wiki/consigo" title="consigo">consigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/con" title="con">con</a> <a href="/wiki/ellas" title="ellas">ellas</a> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#dddddd"> <td colspan="9"><sup>1</sup> Most personal pronouns compound with the preposition <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/con#Spanish" title="con">con</a></i>, but the meaning varies with grammatical person (<a href="#Compounds_with_con">see below</a>).<br /><sup>2</sup> Use of the <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/vos#Spanish" title="vos">vos</a></i> forms is restricted to portions of Latin America and, in certain countries, is considered non-standard.<br /><sup>3</sup> The second person formal <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/usted#Spanish" title="usted">usted</a></i> and <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/ustedes#Spanish" title="ustedes">ustedes</a></i> take verbs conjugated in the third person.<br /><sup>4</sup> The form <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/se#Spanish" title="se">se</a></i> is used in place of <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/le#Spanish" title="le">le</a></i> or <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/les#Spanish" title="les">les</a></i> before the third person direct object pronouns <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/lo#Spanish" title="lo">lo</a></i> and <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/la#Spanish" title="la">la</a></i>.<br /><sup>5</sup> Use of the form <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/s%C3%AD#Spanish" title="sí">sí</a></i> is always accompanied by a preposition.<br /><sup>6</sup> In Spain (except <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>), <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/ustedes#Spanish" title="ustedes">ustedes</a></i> is formal; elsewhere, it is neither specifically formal nor specifically informal.<br /><sup>7</sup> The use of <i><a href="/wiki/os" title="os">os</a></i> as the object form of <i><a href="/wiki/vos" title="vos">vos</a></i> is rare.<br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Usage">Usage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Spanish_pronouns&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nominative_forms">Nominative forms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Spanish_pronouns&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nominative forms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nominative forms of Spanish pronouns function as the <a href="/wiki/subject" title="subject">subject</a> of a sentence. However, because Spanish verb conjugation implies the subject pronoun, these forms are seldom used except in cases where the subject pronoun is given emphasis. </p> <dl><dd><ul><li>Subject implied by verb: <dl><dd><i><b>Soy</b> de España.</i> — “<b>I am</b> from Spain.”</dd></dl></li> <li>Subject given for emphasis: <dl><dd><i>Él es de Portugal, pero <b>yo soy</b> de España.</i> — “He is from Portugal, but <b>I am</b> from Spain.”</dd></dl></li></ul></dd></dl> <p>Nominative forms of pronouns precede the verb in most situations, but when asking questions or giving commands, the pronoun follows the verb. </p> <dl><dd><ul><li>Statement; pronoun precedes verb: <dl><dd><i><b>Ella</b> está en casa.</i> “<b>She</b> is at home.”</dd></dl></li> <li>Question; pronoun follows verb: <dl><dd><i>¿Dónde está <b>ella</b>?</i> — “Where is <b>she</b>?”</dd></dl></li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Compounds_with_con">Compounds with <i><a href="/wiki/con#Spanish" title="con">con</a></i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Spanish_pronouns&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Compounds with con"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most personal pronouns compound with the preposition <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/con#Spanish" title="con">con</a></i>, but the meaning varies with grammatical person. Such first and second person compounds are objective only (e.g. <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/conmigo#Spanish" title="conmigo">conmigo</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">with me</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>), but third person compounds may function either as an objective or reflexive form, e.g. <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/consigo#Spanish" title="consigo">consigo</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">with him/her; with himself/herself</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span>. </p><p>In the past, there were also compound forms for <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/nosotros#Spanish" title="nosotros">nosotros</a></i> (<i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/connosco#Spanish" title="connosco">connosco</a></i>) and <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/vosotros#Spanish" title="vosotros">vosotros</a></i> (<i class="Latn mention" lang="osp"><a href="/wiki/convusco#Old_Spanish" title="convusco">convusco</a></i>). These forms have dropped out of usage and are considered archaic or obsolete. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_and_temporal_variation">Regional and temporal variation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Spanish_pronouns&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Regional and temporal variation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tú,_usted_and_vusted"><span id="T.C3.BA.2C_usted_and_vusted"></span>Tú, usted and vusted</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Spanish_pronouns&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Tú, usted and vusted"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The second person formal pronoun is usually <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/usted#Spanish" title="usted">usted</a></i>, but the in older forms of the language, <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/vusted#Spanish" title="vusted">vusted</a></i> (and its plural <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/vustedes#Spanish" title="vustedes">vustedes</a></i>) were used. The archaic forms are confined mostly to period works now though they also appear in Spanish translations of the Bible. <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/vuestra" title="vuestra">Vuestra</a> <a href="/wiki/merced" title="merced">merced</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">your grace</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> and <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/vuestras" title="vuestras">vuestras</a> <a href="/wiki/mercedes" title="mercedes">mercedes</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">your graces</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> are the origin of <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/usted#Spanish" title="usted">usted</a></i>, <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/usarc%C3%A9#Spanish" title="usarcé">usarcé</a></i> and similar forms that are conjugated in the third person to address the second one. </p><p>The variant <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/vusted#Spanish" title="vusted">vusted</a></i>/<i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/vustedes#Spanish" title="vustedes">vustedes</a></i> is mostly a regionalism of some South American countries. It is common to hear it in isolated areas of Colombia or Venezuela. It is archaic for other speakers of the language because it is an older form of the diminutive for <i>vuestra merced</i>. However, the abbreviations <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Vd.#Spanish" title="Vd.">Vd.</a></i> and <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Vds.#Spanish" title="Vds.">Vds.</a></i> are still used in all Spanish-speaking areas for the singular and plural form respectively. In Colombia, it is not rare to hear people use <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/su" title="su">su</a> <a href="/wiki/merced" title="merced">merced</a></i> <span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">“</span><span class="mention-gloss">your grace</span><span class="mention-gloss-double-quote">”</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren annotation-paren">)</span> for <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/usted#Spanish" title="usted">usted</a></i> or <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/vusted#Spanish" title="vusted">vusted</a></i>. It is used interchangeably by most users, however. It can be used to replace a person’s name as well. When speaking to an older man named Miguel, one could say, “<b>Su merced</b>, ¿por qué no viene vusted y sus nietos a mi casa esta tarde?” (“<b>Your grace</b>, why don't you and your grandchildren come to my house this afternoon?”) </p><p>In Spain, <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/t%C3%BA#Spanish" title="tú">tú</a></i> is increasingly used in neutral situations, reserving <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/usted#Spanish" title="usted">usted</a></i> for a more formal register. In Latin America, <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/usted#Spanish" title="usted">usted</a></i> (or its variants) is the normal polite form, and <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/t%C3%BA#Spanish" title="tú">tú</a></i> is reserved for family and friends. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ustedes_and_vosotros">Ustedes and vosotros</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Spanish_pronouns&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ustedes and vosotros"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/ustedes#Spanish" title="ustedes">ustedes</a></i> second-person plural form is the formal plural form of address in Spain but is also commonly used in Latin American countries, where <a href="/wiki/vosotros" title="vosotros">vosotros</a> is considered archaic, and it is neither formal nor informal. </p><p>The pronoun <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/vosotros#Spanish" title="vosotros">vosotros</a></i> is absent in Latin America (the pronoun <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/ustedes#Spanish" title="ustedes">ustedes</a></i> being used instead) except among some speakers of Ladino in countries like Venezuela, Curaçao, Cuba, Mexico, or Argentina. It is still used as the second-person familiar plural for most people in Spain and is the only form used by Sephardic Jews who speak Ladino. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Voseo">Voseo</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Spanish_pronouns&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Voseo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/voseo#Spanish" title="voseo">voseo</a></i> refers to use of the pronoun <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/vos#Spanish" title="vos">vos</a></i>, which has both an archaic usage in mainstream Spanish as well as a modern usage that is quite different from the archaic one. In Old Spanish, <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/vos#Spanish" title="vos">vos</a></i> was used to address superiors of noble standing and to address God. It has long since dropped out of the spoken Spanish language though it occasionally appears in poetic literature. </p><p>Today, the word <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/vos#Spanish" title="vos">vos</a></i> is as an informal personal pronoun in Latin America, particularly in Central America, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, the state of Zulia in Venezuela, and some Andean regions. There, it can be used with the same treatment that <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/t%C3%BA#Spanish" title="tú">tú</a></i> is used (informal and intimate) or in some areas, it is employed among equals but not to very close people (couples or family) or to “inferiors” (children, animals, etc.) to whom the pronoun <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/t%C3%BA#Spanish" title="tú">tú</a></i> would normally be used. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ladino" title="Ladino">Ladino</a> speakers use <i class="Latn mention" lang="lad"><a href="/wiki/vos#Ladino" title="vos">vos</a></i> as well but employ it with the same treatment as <a href="/wiki/usted" title="usted">usted</a> is used. In fact, Ladino speakers do not use <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/usted#Spanish" title="usted">usted</a></i> at all because <i class="Latn mention" lang="lad"><a href="/wiki/vos#Ladino" title="vos">vos</a></i> implies the same respect that it once had in Old Spanish. In Ladino, <i class="Latn mention" lang="lad"><a href="/wiki/t%C3%BA#Ladino" title="tú">tú</a></i> is used towards anyone informally. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Possessive_pronouns">Possessive pronouns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Spanish_pronouns&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Possessive pronouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Possessive pronouns are a special class of personal pronouns which indicate a relationship of ownership or possession. However, they may serve as either as a pronoun or as an adjective. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inflection_2">Inflection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Spanish_pronouns&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Inflection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="border: 1px solid #FFFFFF; border-collapse:collapse;" cellpadding="3" rules="all" align="center"> <caption>Inflection of possessive pronouns in Spanish </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#707070; color:white" align="center">Grammar of the possessor </td> <td colspan="4" style="background:#907090; color:white" align="center">Grammar of the possessed noun </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#709070; color:white" align="center">Short forms <sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#D0D0D0"><span style="font-size:85%;">Person</span> </td> <td style="background:#D0D0D0"><span style="font-size:85%;">No</span> </td> <td style="background:#c0cfe4"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="singular number">sg</abbr></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#c0cfe4"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span>/<span class="gender"><abbr title="common gender">c</abbr></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="plural number">pl</abbr></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#e4d4c0"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="singular number">sg</abbr></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#e4d4c0"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="plural number">pl</abbr></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#c0e4c0"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="gender"><abbr title="common gender">c</abbr></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="singular number">sg</abbr></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#c0e4c0"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="gender"><abbr title="common gender">c</abbr></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="plural number">pl</abbr></span> </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F0F0D0"><span style="font-size:85%;">1st</span> </td> <td rowspan="4" style="background:#F0F0D0"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="gender"><abbr title="singular number">sg</abbr></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#E0E0F0"><a href="/wiki/m%C3%ADo" title="mío">mío</a> </td> <td style="background:#E0E0F0"><a href="/wiki/m%C3%ADos" title="míos">míos</a> </td> <td style="background:#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/m%C3%ADa" title="mía">mía</a> </td> <td style="background:#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/m%C3%ADas" title="mías">mías</a> </td> <td style="background:#E0F0E0"><a href="/wiki/mi" title="mi">mi</a> </td> <td style="background:#E0F0E0"><a href="/wiki/mis" title="mis">mis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F0F0D0"><span style="font-size:85%;">2nd (familiar)</span> </td> <td style="background:#E0E0F0"><a href="/wiki/tuyo" title="tuyo">tuyo</a> </td> <td style="background:#E0E0F0"><a href="/wiki/tuyos" title="tuyos">tuyos</a> </td> <td style="background:#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/tuya" title="tuya">tuya</a> </td> <td style="background:#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/tuyas" title="tuyas">tuyas</a> </td> <td style="background:#E0F0E0"><a href="/wiki/tu" title="tu">tu</a> </td> <td style="background:#E0F0E0"><a href="/wiki/tus" title="tus">tus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F0F0D0"><span style="font-size:85%;">2nd (formal) <sup>2</sup></span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#E0E0F0"><a href="/wiki/suyo" title="suyo">suyo</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#E0E0F0"><a href="/wiki/suyos" title="suyos">suyos</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/suya" title="suya">suya</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/suyas" title="suyas">suyas</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#E0F0E0"><a href="/wiki/su" title="su">su</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#E0F0E0"><a href="/wiki/sus" title="sus">sus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F0F0D0"><span style="font-size:85%;">3rd</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#D0D0D0"><span style="font-size:85%;">Person</span> </td> <td style="background:#D0D0D0"><span style="font-size:85%;">No</span> </td> <td style="background:#c0cfe4"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="singular number">sg</abbr></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#c0cfe4"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="gender"><abbr title="masculine gender">m</abbr></span>/<span class="gender"><abbr title="common gender">c</abbr></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="plural number">pl</abbr></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#e4d4c0"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="singular number">sg</abbr></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#e4d4c0"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="gender"><abbr title="feminine gender">f</abbr></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="plural number">pl</abbr></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#c0e4c0"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="gender"><abbr title="common gender">c</abbr></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="singular number">sg</abbr></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#c0e4c0"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="gender"><abbr title="common gender">c</abbr></span> <span class="gender"><abbr title="plural number">pl</abbr></span> </span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F0F0D0"><span style="font-size:85%;">1st</span> </td> <td rowspan="4" style="background:#F0F0D0"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="gender"><abbr title="plural number">pl</abbr></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#E0E0F0"><a href="/wiki/nuestro" title="nuestro">nuestro</a> </td> <td style="background:#E0E0F0"><a href="/wiki/nuestros" title="nuestros">nuestros</a> </td> <td style="background:#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/nuestra" title="nuestra">nuestra</a> </td> <td style="background:#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/nuestras" title="nuestras">nuestras</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background:#E0F0E0">  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F0F0D0"><span style="font-size:85%;">2nd (familiar)</span> </td> <td style="background:#E0E0F0"><a href="/wiki/vuestro" title="vuestro">vuestro</a> </td> <td style="background:#E0E0F0"><a href="/wiki/vuestros" title="vuestros">vuestros</a> </td> <td style="background:#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/vuestra" title="vuestra">vuestra</a> </td> <td style="background:#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/vuestras" title="vuestras">vuestras</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F0F0D0"><span style="font-size:85%;">2nd (formal) <sup>2</sup></span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#E0E0F0"><a href="/wiki/suyo" title="suyo">suyo</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#E0E0F0"><a href="/wiki/suyos" title="suyos">suyos</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/suya" title="suya">suya</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/suyas" title="suyas">suyas</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#E0F0E0"><a href="/wiki/su" title="su">su</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#E0F0E0"><a href="/wiki/sus" title="sus">sus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F0F0D0"><span style="font-size:85%;">3rd</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#dddddd"> <td colspan="9"><sup>1</sup> Short forms function only in the adjectival capacity, always with a noun.<br /><sup>2</sup> The 2nd person formal forms take verbs conjugated in the third person.<br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Usage_2">Usage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Spanish_pronouns&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The full forms of the possessive pronouns may function either as pronouns or as adjectives. Full forms always follow the associated noun or appear following the verb. Short forms of the possessive pronouns are functional adjectives. They must precede the noun with which they are associated. </p> <dl><dd><ul><li>Full form functioning as pronoun: <dl><dd><i>El libro es <b>mío</b>.</i> — “The book is <b>mine</b>.”</dd> <dd><i>Tu padre es mayor que el <b>mío</b>.</i> — “Your father is older than <b>mine</b>.”</dd></dl></li> <li>Full form functioning as adjective: <dl><dd><i>Necesito el libro <b>mío</b>.</i> — “I need the book <b>of mine</b>.” -or- “I need <b>my</b> book.”</dd></dl></li> <li>Short form functioning as adjective: <dl><dd><i>Necesito <b>mi</b> libro.</i> — “I need <b>my</b> book.”</dd></dl></li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demonstratives">Demonstratives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Spanish_pronouns&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Demonstratives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The demonstratives are another class of pronoun that have both pronomial and adjectival functions. The two functions are traditionally distinguished by the presence or absence of accents. Accented forms (and the neuter forms) always function as pronouns. However, since the 1960s, forms without accents may function either as adjectives or as pronouns. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inflection_3">Inflection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Spanish_pronouns&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Inflection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="border: 1px solid #FFFFFF; border-collapse:collapse;" cellpadding="3" rules="all" align="center"> <caption>Inflection of demonstratives in Spanish </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#FFFFFF" align="center" scope="col">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#707090; color:white" scope="col" align="center">Masculine </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#907070; color:white" scope="col" align="center">Feminine </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#709070; color:white" scope="col" align="center">Neuter <sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#D0D0D0" align="center" scope="col"><span style="font-size:85%;">Remoteness</span> </td> <td style="background:#D0D0D0" align="center" scope="col"><span style="font-size:85%;">Function</span> </td> <td style="background:#c0cfe4" scope="col"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="gender"><abbr title="singular number">sg</abbr></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#c0cfe4" scope="col"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="gender"><abbr title="plural number">pl</abbr></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#e4d4c0" scope="col"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="gender"><abbr title="singular number">sg</abbr></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#e4d4c0" scope="col"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="gender"><abbr title="plural number">pl</abbr></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#c0e4c0" scope="col"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="gender"><abbr title="singular number">sg</abbr></span></span> </td> <td style="background:#c0e4c0" scope="col"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="gender"><abbr title="plural number">pl</abbr></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#F0F0D0" align="center" scope="row"><b><a href="/wiki/aqu%C3%AD" title="aquí">aquí</a></b><br />"here" </td> <td style="background:#F0F0D0"><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>pronomial</i> <sup>2</sup></span> </td> <td style="background:#E0E0F0"><a href="/wiki/%C3%A9ste" title="éste">éste</a> </td> <td style="background:#E0E0F0"><a href="/wiki/%C3%A9stos" title="éstos">éstos</a> </td> <td style="background:#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/%C3%A9sta" title="ésta">ésta</a> </td> <td style="background:#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/%C3%A9stas" title="éstas">éstas</a> </td> <td style="background:#E0F0E0"><a href="/wiki/esto" title="esto">esto</a> </td> <td style="background:#E0F0E0">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F0F0D0"><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>adjectival</i></span> </td> <td style="background:#E0E0F0"><a href="/wiki/este" title="este">este</a> </td> <td style="background:#E0E0F0"><a href="/wiki/estos" title="estos">estos</a> </td> <td style="background:#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/esta" title="esta">esta</a> </td> <td style="background:#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/estas" title="estas">estas</a> </td> <td style="background:#E0F0E0">— </td> <td style="background:#E0F0E0">— </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#E0E0C0" align="center" scope="row"><b><a href="/wiki/ah%C3%AD" title="ahí">ahí</a></b><br />"there" </td> <td style="background:#E0E0C0"><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>pronomial</i></span> </td> <td style="background:#c0cfe4"><a href="/wiki/%C3%A9se" title="ése">ése</a> </td> <td style="background:#c0cfe4"><a href="/wiki/%C3%A9sos" title="ésos">ésos</a> </td> <td style="background:#e4d4c0"><a href="/wiki/%C3%A9sa" title="ésa">ésa</a> </td> <td style="background:#e4d4c0"><a href="/wiki/%C3%A9sas" title="ésas">ésas</a> </td> <td style="background:#c0e4c0"><a href="/wiki/eso" title="eso">eso</a> </td> <td style="background:#c0e4c0">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E0E0C0"><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>adjectival</i></span> </td> <td style="background:#c0cfe4"><a href="/wiki/ese" title="ese">ese</a> </td> <td style="background:#c0cfe4"><a href="/wiki/esos" title="esos">esos</a> </td> <td style="background:#e4d4c0"><a href="/wiki/esa" title="esa">esa</a> </td> <td style="background:#e4d4c0"><a href="/wiki/esas" title="esas">esas</a> </td> <td style="background:#c0e4c0">— </td> <td style="background:#c0e4c0">— </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#F0F0D0" align="center" scope="row"><b><a href="/wiki/all%C3%AD" title="allí">allí</a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/all%C3%A1" title="allá">allá</a></b><br />"over there" </td> <td style="background:#F0F0D0"><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>pronomial</i></span> </td> <td style="background:#E0E0F0"><a href="/wiki/aqu%C3%A9l" title="aquél">aquél</a> </td> <td style="background:#E0E0F0"><a href="/wiki/aqu%C3%A9llos" title="aquéllos">aquéllos</a> </td> <td style="background:#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/aqu%C3%A9lla" title="aquélla">aquélla</a> </td> <td style="background:#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/aqu%C3%A9llas" title="aquéllas">aquéllas</a> </td> <td style="background:#E0F0E0"><a href="/wiki/aquello" title="aquello">aquello</a> </td> <td style="background:#E0F0E0">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F0F0D0"><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>adjectival</i></span> </td> <td style="background:#E0E0F0"><a href="/wiki/aquel" title="aquel">aquel</a> </td> <td style="background:#E0E0F0"><a href="/wiki/aquellos" title="aquellos">aquellos</a> </td> <td style="background:#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/aquella" title="aquella">aquella</a> </td> <td style="background:#F0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/aquellas" title="aquellas">aquellas</a> </td> <td style="background:#E0F0E0">— </td> <td style="background:#E0F0E0">— </td></tr> <tr style="background:#dddddd"> <td colspan="9"><sup>1</sup> There is no neuter adjectival form because Spanish does not have neuter nouns.<br /> <sup>2</sup> Pronomial forms are functional pronouns. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Usage_3">Usage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Spanish_pronouns&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to a decision from the 1960s of the <i>Real Academia</i> (which governs the academic use of Spanish), the accents on demonstrative pronomials (pronoun forms) are only to be used when necessary to avoid ambiguity with the demonstrative determiners (adjectival forms). However, the normal educated standard is still to use the accents on pronomials in all cases. Foreign learners may safely adhere to either standard. </p> <dl><dd><ul><li>Accented form functioning as pronoun: <dl><dd><i><b>Éstos</b> son caballos.</i> — “<b>These</b> are horses.”</dd> <dd><i><b>Ése</b> es mío.</i> — “<b>That one</b> is mine.”</dd></dl></li> <li>Unaccented form functioning as adjective: <dl><dd><i><b>Estas</b> llamas son peruanas.</i> — “<b>These</b> llamas are Peruvian.”</dd> <dd><i><b>Esa</b> llama está enferma.</i> — “<b>That</b> llama is sick.”</dd> <dd><i><b>Aquellos</b> nubarrones parecen siniestros.</i> — “<b>Those</b> storm clouds look ominous.”</dd></dl></li></ul></dd></dl> <p>Note that there is never an accent on the neuter forms <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/esto#Spanish" title="esto">esto</a></i>, <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/eso#Spanish" title="eso">eso</a></i>, and <i class="Latn mention" lang="es"><a href="/wiki/aquello#Spanish" title="aquello">aquello</a></i>. The neuter forms have no determiner equivalents because there are no neuter nouns in Spanish. The neuter forms are a remnant from Latin, which had three genders of noun. As a result, no accents are necessary to distinguish these forms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Spanish_pronouns&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_pronouns" title="w:Spanish pronouns"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/15px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/23px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/30px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a></span> <b class="Latn" lang="en"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_pronouns" class="extiw" title="w:Spanish pronouns">Spanish pronouns</a></b> on Wikipedia.<span class="interProject"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_pronouns" class="extiw" title="w:Spanish pronouns">Wikipedia </a></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Spanish_pronouns&oldid=76826323">https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Appendix:Spanish_pronouns&oldid=76826323</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pronoun_appendices" 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