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<span>Establishment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Establishment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Establishment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Establishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Creation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics_and_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics_and_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politics and government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics_and_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics and government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics_and_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tito_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tito_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Tito period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tito_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_Tito's_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_Tito's_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>After Tito's death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_Tito's_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transition_to_independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transition_to_independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Transition to independence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transition_to_independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economic_model_and_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_model_and_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Economic model and theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_model_and_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy_during_the_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy_during_the_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Economy during the war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy_during_the_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renewal_of_the_economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renewal_of_the_economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Renewal of the economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renewal_of_the_economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agrarian_reform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agrarian_reform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Agrarian reform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agrarian_reform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrialization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrialization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Industrialization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrialization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Five-Year_Plan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Five-Year_Plan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.1</span> <span>Five-Year Plan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Five-Year_Plan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Socialist Republic of Croatia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="جمهورية كرواتيا الاشتراكية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جمهورية كرواتيا الاشتراكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Socialista_de_Croacia" title="Republica Socialista de Croacia – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Republica Socialista de Croacia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Socialista_de_Croacia" title="República Socialista de Croacia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="República Socialista de Croacia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xorvatiya_Sosialist_Respublikas%C4%B1" title="Xorvatiya Sosialist Respublikası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xorvatiya Sosialist Respublikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="کروواسی سوسیالیست جومهوریتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کروواسی سوسیالیست جومهوریتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка Харватыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка Харватыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка Харватыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка Харватыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Социалистическа република Хърватия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Социалистическа република Хърватия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socijalisti%C4%8Dka_Republika_Hrvatska" title="Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Socialista_de_Cro%C3%A0cia" title="República Socialista de Croàcia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="República Socialista de Croàcia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialistick%C3%A1_republika_Chorvatsko" title="Socialistická republika Chorvatsko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Socialistická republika Chorvatsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sozialistische_Republik_Kroatien" title="Sozialistische Republik Kroatien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sozialistische Republik Kroatien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Σοσιαλιστική Δημοκρατία της Κροατίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σοσιαλιστική Δημοκρατία της Κροατίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Socialista_de_Croacia" title="República Socialista de Croacia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República Socialista de Croacia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="جمهوری سوسیالیستی کرواسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جمهوری سوسیالیستی کرواسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_socialiste_de_Croatie" title="République socialiste de Croatie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="République socialiste de Croatie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Socialista_de_Croacia" title="República Socialista de Croacia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="República Socialista de Croacia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%EC%95%84%ED%8B%B0%EC%95%84_%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="크로아티아 사회주의 공화국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크로아티아 사회주의 공화국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socijalisti%C4%8Dka_Republika_Hrvatska" title="Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Sosialis_Kroasia" title="Republik Sosialis Kroasia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Republik Sosialis Kroasia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica_Socialista_di_Croazia" title="Repubblica Socialista di Croazia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Repubblica Socialista di Croazia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%94" title="הרפובליקה הסוציאליסטית של קרואטיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרפובליקה הסוציאליסטית של קרואטיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Социалист Республика Хорватия – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Социалист Республика Хорватия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Социјалистичка Република Хрватска – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Социјалистичка Република Хрватска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialistische_Republiek_Kroati%C3%AB" title="Socialistische Republiek Kroatië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Socialistische Republiek Kroatië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A2%E3%83%81%E3%82%A2%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="クロアチア社会主義共和国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クロアチア社会主義共和国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_socialista_de_Cro%C3%A0cia" title="Republica socialista de Croàcia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Republica socialista de Croàcia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="اشتراکی جمہوریہ کرویئشا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اشتراکی جمہوریہ کرویئشا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socjalistyczna_Republika_Chorwacji" title="Socjalistyczna Republika Chorwacji – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Socjalistyczna Republika Chorwacji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Socialista_da_Cro%C3%A1cia" title="República Socialista da Croácia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="República Socialista da Croácia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Socialist%C4%83_Croa%C8%9Bia" title="Republica Socialistă Croația – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Republica Socialistă Croația" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Социалистическая Республика Хорватия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Социалистическая Республика Хорватия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9brica_Sotzialista_de_Cro%C3%A0tzia" title="Repùbrica Sotzialista de Croàtzia – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Repùbrica Sotzialista de Croàtzia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Socialiste_e_Kroacis%C3%AB" title="Republika Socialiste e Kroacisë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Republika Socialiste e Kroacisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia" title="Socialist Republic of Croatia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Socialist Republic of Croatia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorv%C3%A1tska_socialistick%C3%A1_republika" title="Chorvátska socialistická republika – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chorvátska socialistická republika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialisti%C4%8Dna_republika_Hrva%C5%A1ka" title="Socialistična republika Hrvaška – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Socialistična republika Hrvaška" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Социјалистичка Република Хрватска – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Социјалистичка Република Хрватска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socijalisti%C4%8Dka_Republika_Hrvatska" title="Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatian_sosialistinen_tasavalta" title="Kroatian sosialistinen tasavalta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kroatian sosialistinen tasavalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialistiska_republiken_Kroatien" title="Socialistiska republiken Kroatien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Socialistiska republiken Kroatien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%96%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%BB%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Хорватия Социалистик Җөмһүрияте – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хорватия Социалистик Җөмһүрияте" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="สาธารณรัฐสังคมนิยมโครเอเชีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สาธารณรัฐสังคมนิยมโครเอเชีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D1%83%D0%BC%D2%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ҷумҳурии Сотсиалистии Хорватия – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷумҳурии Сотсиалистии Хорватия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%B1rvatistan_Sosyalist_Cumhuriyeti" title="Hırvatistan Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hırvatistan Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Соціалістична Республіка Хорватія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Соціалістична Республіка Хорватія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="اشتراکی جمہوریہ کرویئشا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اشتراکی جمہوریہ کرویئشا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a_X%C3%A3_h%E1%BB%99i_ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_Croatia" title="Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Croatia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Croatia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or%C3%ADl%E1%BA%B9%CC%80-%C3%A8d%C3%A8_Ol%C3%B3m%C3%ACnira_S%C3%B3s%C3%AD%C3%A1l%C3%ADst%C3%AC_il%E1%BA%B9%CC%80_Kroat%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Sósíálístì ilẹ̀ Kroatíà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Sósíálístì ilẹ̀ Kroatíà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9E%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="克羅地亞社會主義共和國 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="克羅地亞社會主義共和國" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q209062#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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.infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Federal State of Croatia <small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(1943–1945)</span></small><br /><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><i lang="sh">Federalna Država Hrvatska</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>)</span></span></small> <hr /> <p>People's Republic of Croatia <small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(1946–1963)</span></small><br /><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><i lang="sh">Narodna Republika Hrvatska</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>)</span></span></small> </p> <hr /> <p><span class="nowrap">Socialist Republic of Croatia <small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(1963–1990)</span></small></span><br /><small><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><i lang="sh">Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>)</span></span></span></small> </p> <hr /> Republic of Croatia <small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(1990–1991)</span></small><br /><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><i lang="sh">Republika Hrvatska</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>)</span></span></small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1943–1991</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Croatia_(1947%E2%80%931990).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Croatia"><img alt="Flag of Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Croatia_%281947%E2%80%931990%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281947%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Croatia_%281947%E2%80%931990%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281947%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Croatia_%281947%E2%80%931990%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281947%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Croatia" title="Flag of Croatia">Flag<br />(1947–1990)</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem (1947–1990) of Croatia"><img alt="Emblem (1947–1990) of Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia.svg/85px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia.svg/128px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia.svg/170px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="518" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia" title="Coat of arms of Croatia"> Emblem<br />(1947–1990)</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> "<a href="/wiki/Lijepa_na%C5%A1a_domovino" title="Lijepa naša domovino">Lijepa naša domovino</a>" (1972–1991)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>(English: <span lang="en">"Our Beautiful Homeland"</span>)</small><br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="60" data-mwtitle="Lijepa_nasa_domovino_instrumental.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Lijepa_nasa_domovino_instrumental.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/df/Lijepa_nasa_domovino_instrumental.ogg/Lijepa_nasa_domovino_instrumental.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALijepa_nasa_domovino_instrumental.ogg&lang=sq&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sq" label="shqip ‪(sq)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALijepa_nasa_domovino_instrumental.ogg&lang=sr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sr" label="српски / srpski ‪(sr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALijepa_nasa_domovino_instrumental.ogg&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALijepa_nasa_domovino_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh-hans&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans" label="中文（简体） ‪(zh-hans)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALijepa_nasa_domovino_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_map_Croatia_in_Yugoslavia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Croatia in Yugoslavia"><img alt="Location of Croatia in Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Locator_map_Croatia_in_Yugoslavia.svg/250px-Locator_map_Croatia_in_Yugoslavia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Locator_map_Croatia_in_Yugoslavia.svg/375px-Locator_map_Croatia_in_Yugoslavia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Locator_map_Croatia_in_Yugoslavia.svg/500px-Locator_map_Croatia_in_Yugoslavia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1220" data-file-height="1057" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Location of Croatia in <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constituent_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Constituent republic">Constituent republic</a> of <b><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Croato-Serbian</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a> standard)<br /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Croatia" title="Politics of Croatia">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>1945–1948:</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Marxism-Leninism" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxism-Leninism">Marxist–Leninist</a> <a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">one-party</a> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_state" title="Socialist state">socialist republic</a> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>1948–1990:</b></span><br /> <a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Titoist</a> <a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">one-party</a> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_state" title="Socialist state">socialist republic</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>1990–1991:</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">Semi-presidential</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">constitutional republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Presidency_of_SR_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Presidency of SR Croatia">Head of state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1943–1949 <small>(first)</small> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nazor" title="Vladimir Nazor">Vladimir Nazor</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1990–1991 <small>(last)</small> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Franjo_Tu%C4%91man" title="Franjo Tuđman">Franjo Tuđman</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Government_of_SR_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Government of SR Croatia">Head of government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1945–1953 <small>(first)</small> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Bakari%C4%87" title="Vladimir Bakarić">Vladimir Bakarić</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1990–1991 <small>(last)</small> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Josip_Manoli%C4%87" title="Josip Manolić">Josip Manolić</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_League_of_Communists_of_Croatia" title="President of the League of Communists of Croatia">Party leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1943–1944 <small>(first)</small> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andrija_Hebrang_(father)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrija Hebrang (father)">Andrija Hebrang</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1989–1990 <small>(last)</small> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ivica_Ra%C4%8Dan" title="Ivica Račan">Ivica Račan</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament" title="Croatian Parliament">Sabor</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Chamber of Counties <small>(1990–1991)</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Chamber of Representatives <small>(1990–1991)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/ZAVNOH" class="mw-redirect" title="ZAVNOH">ZAVNOH</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">13 and 14 June 1943</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">End of World War II</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">8 May 1945</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Spring" title="Croatian Spring">Croatian Spring</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1971</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Croatia" title="Constitution of Croatia">Last Constitution adopted</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">22 December 1990</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/1991_Croatian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Croatian independence referendum">Independence referendum</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">19 May 1991</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Croatia" title="Independence of Croatia">Independence declared</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">25 June 1991</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">War of Independence</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">March 1991 – November 1995</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Croatia" title="Geography of Croatia">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">1991</th><td class="infobox-data">56,594<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> km<sup>2</sup> (21,851 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Croatia" title="Demographics of Croatia">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1991 </div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,784,265<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(1991)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.672<br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">medium</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:HR" title="ISO 3166-2:HR">HR</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia" title="Democratic Federal Yugoslavia">Democratic Federal Yugoslavia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281915-1918%2C_1919-1946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Kingdom of Hungary</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Free_Territory_Trieste_Flag.svg/20px-Free_Territory_Trieste_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Free_Territory_Trieste_Flag.svg/30px-Free_Territory_Trieste_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Free_Territory_Trieste_Flag.svg/40px-Free_Territory_Trieste_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="424" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Free_Territory_of_Trieste" title="Free Territory of Trieste">Free Territory of Trieste</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/SAO_Krajina" title="SAO Krajina">SAO Krajina</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/SAO_Western_Slavonia" title="SAO Western Slavonia">SAO Western Slavonia</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/SAO_Eastern_Slavonia,_Baranja_and_Western_Syrmia" title="SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia">SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Serbian_Krajina_%281991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik_Republic_(1991)" title="Dubrovnik Republic (1991)">Dubrovnik Republic</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Dubrovnik_Republic_%281991-1992%29.svg/20px-Dubrovnik_Republic_%281991-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Dubrovnik_Republic_%281991-1992%29.svg/30px-Dubrovnik_Republic_%281991-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Dubrovnik_Republic_%281991-1992%29.svg/40px-Dubrovnik_Republic_%281991-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1200" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-fn"><ol class="ib-country-fn-alpha"> <li value="1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_box1"><b><a href="#ref_box1">^</a></b></span> Referred to in the 1974 Constitution as the "Croatian Literary Language" and as the "<a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croat_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croat language">Croat or Serb language</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ol></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Socialist Republic of Croatia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>: <i lang="sh">Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska</i> / <span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><span lang="sh">Социјалистичка Република Хрватска</span></span>), commonly abbreviated as <b>SR Croatia</b> and referred to as simply <b>Croatia</b>, was a <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia#Federal_units" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">constituent republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">federated state</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a>. By its constitution, modern-day <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> is its direct continuation. </p><p>Along with five other Yugoslav republics, Croatia was formed during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and became a <a href="/wiki/Socialist_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist republic">socialist republic</a> after the war. It had four full official names during its 48-year existence (<a href="#Names">see below</a>). By territory and population, it was the second largest republic in Yugoslavia, after the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Serbia" title="Socialist Republic of Serbia">Socialist Republic of Serbia</a>. </p><p>In 1990, the government dismantled the single-party system of government – installed by the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">League of Communists</a> – and adopted a multi-party democracy. The newly elected government of <a href="/wiki/Franjo_Tu%C4%91man" title="Franjo Tuđman">Franjo Tuđman</a> moved the republic towards <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Croatia" title="Independence of Croatia">independence</a>, formally <a href="/wiki/Secession" title="Secession">seceding</a> from Yugoslavia in 1991 and thereby contributing to <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution of Yugoslavia">its dissolution</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Croatia" title="Category:History of Croatia">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia" title="History of Croatia">History of <span class="fn org label">Croatia</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1386" data-file-height="1844" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Early history</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia_before_the_Croats" title="History of Croatia before the Croats">History of Croatia before the Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Roman Pannonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatia_(Roman_province)" title="Dalmatia (Roman province)">Roman Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogothic Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Heraclian_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Heraclian dynasty">Byzantine Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_hypotheses_of_the_Croats" title="Origin hypotheses of the Croats">Origins of the Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Croatia" title="White Croatia">White Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Croats" title="White Croats">White Croats</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Middle Ages</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Avars" title="Pannonian Avars">Avar Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Croatia" title="Duchy of Croatia">Duchy of Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavs_in_Lower_Pannonia#Principality" title="Slavs in Lower Pannonia">Lower Pannonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Dalmatia#Southern_Dalmatia" title="History of Dalmatia">Southern Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Istria" title="March of Istria">March of Istria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Kingdom of Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_personal_union_with_Hungary" title="Croatia in personal union with Hungary">Union with Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ragusa" title="Republic of Ragusa">Republic of Dubrovnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Poljica" title="Republic of Poljica">Republic of Poljica</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Modernity</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia#Croatia_in_the_Habsburg_monarchy_(1527–1918)" title="History of Croatia">Ottoman Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(Habsburg)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)">Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Military_Frontier" title="Croatian Military Frontier">Croatian Military Frontier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_Provinces" title="Illyrian Provinces">Illyrian Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Illyria" title="Kingdom of Illyria">Kingdom of Illyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Slavonia" title="Kingdom of Slavonia">Kingdom of Slavonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dalmatia" title="Kingdom of Dalmatia">Kingdom of Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triune_Kingdom" title="Triune Kingdom">Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia-Slavonia" title="Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia">Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">20th century</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatia_during_World_War_I" title="Croatia during World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Slovenes,_Croats_and_Serbs" title="State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs">State of Slovenes,<br />Croats and Serbs</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_affairs_in_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Croatian affairs in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Banovina_of_Croatia" title="Banovina of Croatia">Banovina of Croatia</a></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Names">Federal State of Croatia</a></span></div></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Socialist Republic of Croatia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Contemporary Croatia</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Croatia" title="Independence of Croatia">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">War of independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia_(1995%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Croatia (1995–present)">Croatia since 1995</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa"> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Croatian_history" title="Timeline of Croatian history">Timeline</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/16px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/24px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Croatia" title="Portal:Croatia">Croatia portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Croatia" title="Template:History of Croatia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Croatia" title="Template talk:History of Croatia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Croatia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Croatia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Croatia became part of the Yugoslav federation in 1943 after the <a href="/wiki/Second_Session_of_the_AVNOJ" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Session of the AVNOJ">Second Session of the AVNOJ</a> and through the resolutions of the <a href="/wiki/ZAVNOH" class="mw-redirect" title="ZAVNOH">ZAVNOH</a>, Croatia's wartime <a href="/wiki/Deliberative_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Deliberative body">deliberative body</a>. It was officially founded as the <b>Federal State of Croatia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: <i lang="hr">Federalna Država Hrvatska, FD Hrvatska</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on May 9, 1944, at the 3rd session of the <a href="/wiki/ZAVNOH" class="mw-redirect" title="ZAVNOH">ZAVNOH</a>. Yugoslavia, then called <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Federal_Yugoslavia" title="Democratic Federal Yugoslavia">Democratic Federal Yugoslavia</a> (<i>Demokratska Federativna Jugoslavija</i>, DFJ), was not a constitutionally socialist state, or even a republic, in anticipation of the conclusion of the war, when these issues were settled. On November 29, 1945, Democratic Federal Yugoslavia became the <a href="/wiki/Federal_People%27s_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia">Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (<i>Federativna Narodna Republika Jugoslavija</i>, FNRJ), a socialist People's Republic. Accordingly, the Federal State of Croatia became the <b>People's Republic of Croatia</b> (<i>Narodna Republika Hrvatska</i>, <i>NR Hrvatska</i>). </p><p>On April 7, 1963, the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (FPRY) was renamed the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> (SFRY). Yugoslavia (and therefore Croatia) gradually abandoned <a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">Tito–Stalin split</a> in 1948. In 1963 the People's Republic of Croatia also accordingly became the <b>Socialist Republic of Croatia</b>. </p><p>On December 22, 1990, a new <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Croatia" title="Constitution of Croatia">Constitution</a> was adopted, under which the Socialist Republic of Croatia was simply renamed as the <b>Republic of Croatia</b>. It was under this constitution that Croatia <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">became independent</a> on June 25, 1991. </p><p>The republic is commonly referred to simply as <i>Croatia</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Establishment">Establishment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Establishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Partizanski_plakat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Partizanski_plakat.jpg/180px-Partizanski_plakat.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Partizanski_plakat.jpg/270px-Partizanski_plakat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Partizanski_plakat.jpg/360px-Partizanski_plakat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>"<i>All in the fight for the freedom of Croatia</i>", <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Partisan</a> poster from World War II.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the first years of the war, the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a> in Croatia did not have considerable support from Croats, with an exception of the Croats in the Croatian region of <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a>. The majority of partisans on the territory of Croatia were <a href="/wiki/Serbs_of_Croatia" title="Serbs of Croatia">Croatian Serbs</a>. However, in 1943 Croats started to join the partisans in larger numbers. In 1943, the number of Croat partisans in Croatia increased, so in 1944 they made up 61% of the partisans in the territory of <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a>, while Serbs made up 28%; all other ethnicities made up the remaining 11%.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen199695_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen199695-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 13 June 1943 in <a href="/wiki/Oto%C4%8Dac" title="Otočac">Otočac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lika" title="Lika">Lika</a>, Croatian partisans founded the <a href="/wiki/ZAVNOH" class="mw-redirect" title="ZAVNOH">ZAVNOH</a> (National Anti-Fascist Council of the People's Liberation of Croatia), a legislative body of the future Croatian republic within Yugoslavia. Its first president was <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nazor" title="Vladimir Nazor">Vladimir Nazor</a>. Croatian partisans had autonomy along with the Slovene and Macedonian partisans. However, on 1 March 1945 they were put under the command of the Supreme Command of the Yugoslav Army, thus losing their autonomy. Partisans of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina did not have such autonomy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999215_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999215-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of partisan victories and increased territory held by partisans, <a href="/wiki/AVNOJ" class="mw-redirect" title="AVNOJ">AVNOJ</a> decided to hold the <a href="/wiki/Second_session_of_the_AVNOJ" class="mw-redirect" title="Second session of the AVNOJ">second session</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jajce" title="Jajce">Jajce</a> at the end of November 1943. At that session, the Yugoslav communist leadership decided to reestablish Yugoslavia as federal state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003257_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003257-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creation">Creation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Creation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On November 29, 1945, the Yugoslav Constituent Assembly held a session where it was decided that Croatia would be joined by five other republics in Yugoslavia: <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of Serbia">Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of Macedonia">Macedonia</a>. Not long after, the Communist Party started to prosecute those who opposed the communist one-party system. On January 30, 1946, the Constituent Assembly ratified the <a href="/wiki/1946_Yugoslav_Constitution" title="1946 Yugoslav Constitution">Constitution of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003280_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003280-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Croatia was the last of the republics to make its own constitution, which was mostly the same as the federal and other republic constitutions. The Constitution of the People's Republic of Croatia was adopted by the Constituent Parliament of the People's Republic of Croatia on January 18, 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003281_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003281-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In their constitutions, all republics were deprived of gaining independence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999208_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999208-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Republics had only formal autonomy; initially, communist Yugoslavia was a highly centralized state, based on the <a href="/wiki/Stalin%27s_USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalin's USSR">Soviet model</a>. The Communist Party's officials were, at the same time, state officials, while the Party's Central Committee was <i>de jure</i>, the highest organ of the party; however, main decisions were made by the <a href="/wiki/Politburo" title="Politburo">Politburo</a>. The governments of the republics were only part of the mechanism which executed the Politburo's decisions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003281_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003281-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Election">Election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ivan_Subasic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Ivan_Subasic.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="225" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="167" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ivan_%C5%A0uba%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Ivan Šubašić">Ivan Šubašić</a>, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia in exile and prominent member of the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Peasant_Party" title="Croatian Peasant Party">Croatian Peasant Party</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In post-war Yugoslavia, communists had a struggle for power with the opposition that supported King Peter. <a href="/wiki/Milan_Grol" title="Milan Grol">Milan Grol</a> was the leader of the opposition; as the leading figure of the opposition he opposed the idea of a federal state, denied the right for Montenegrins and Macedonians to have their republics, and held that an agreement between Tito and <a href="/wiki/Ivan_%C5%A0uba%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Ivan Šubašić">Ivan Šubašić</a> guaranteed that the opposition needed to have half of the ministers in the new government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003272_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003272-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Peasant_Party" title="Croatian Peasant Party">Croatian Peasant Party</a> (HSS), part of the opposition, had divided into three branches: one supporting the <i><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a></i>, the other supporting the communists and the third supporting <a href="/wiki/Vladko_Ma%C4%8Dek" title="Vladko Maček">Vladko Maček</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003274_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003274-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, communists had the majority in parliament and control over the army, leaving the opposition without any real power.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003272_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003272-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Šubašić had his own supporters within the HSS and he tried to unite the party once again, believing that, once united, it would be a major political factor in the country. The <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Republican_Peasant_Party_(1945)" title="Croatian Republican Peasant Party (1945)">Croatian Republican Peasant Party</a>, a party split from the HSS, wanted to enter the People's Front, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suprapolitical&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suprapolitical (page does not exist)">suprapolitical</a> organization controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Yugoslavia">Communist Party of Yugoslavia</a>. Šubašić knew that this would put the HSS under control of the communists and ended the negotiations about unification.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003276_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003276-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the election campaign, the opposition parties wanted to unite with the Serbian Radical Party and other parties; however, communist activities, using various wiles, ruined their plan. On August 20, 1945, Grol resigned and accused the communists of breaking the Tito–Šubašić agreement. Šubašić himself was also soon forced to resign at the end of October as he also disassociated himself from Tito. Soon, the communists won the election. They won an absolute majority in the parliament which enabled them to create their own form of Yugoslavia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003277_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003277-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics_and_government">Politics and government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Politics and government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia" title="Politics of the Socialist Republic of Croatia">Politics of the Socialist Republic of Croatia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uklesani_grb_SRH.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Uklesani_grb_SRH.JPG/220px-Uklesani_grb_SRH.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Uklesani_grb_SRH.JPG/330px-Uklesani_grb_SRH.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Uklesani_grb_SRH.JPG/440px-Uklesani_grb_SRH.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms SR Croatia</figcaption></figure> <p>The People's Republic of Croatia adopted its first Constitution in 1947. In 1953 followed "The Constitutional Law on the Basics of Social and Political Organization and on Republican Organs of Authority", actually a completely new constitution. The second (technically third) Constitution was adopted in 1963; it changed the name of the People's Republic of Croatia (NRH) into the Socialist Republic of Croatia (SRH). Major constitutional amendments were approved in 1971, and in 1974 followed a new Constitution of the SR Croatia which emphasized Croatian statehood as a constituent republic of the <a href="/wiki/SFRY" class="mw-redirect" title="SFRY">SFRY</a>. All the constitutions and amendments were adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament" title="Croatian Parliament">Parliament of Croatia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: <i lang="hr">Sabor</i>). After the <a href="/wiki/1990_Croatian_parliamentary_election" title="1990 Croatian parliamentary election">first multi-party parliamentary elections held in April 1990</a>, the Parliament made various constitutional changes and dropped the prefix "socialist" from the official name, so the "Socialist Republic of Croatia" became simply the "Republic of Croatia" (RH).<sup id="cite_ref-july-1990_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-july-1990-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 22 December 1990, the Parliament rejected the <a href="/wiki/Communist_state" title="Communist state">communist</a> <a href="/wiki/One-party_system" class="mw-redirect" title="One-party system">one-party system</a> and adopted a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">liberal democracy</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Croatia" title="Constitution of Croatia">Constitution of Croatia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-december-1990_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-december-1990-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was under this Constitution that independence would be proclaimed on 25 June 1991 (after the <a href="/wiki/1991_Croatian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Croatian independence referendum">Croatian independence referendum</a> held on 19 May 1991). </p><p>According to the Art. 1.2 of the 1974 Croatian Constitution, the Socialist Republic of Croatia was defined as "<i>a national state of the Croatian people, the state of the Serbian people in Croatia and the state of other nationalities living in it</i>". </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Period </th> <th colspan="15">Government branches </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1947–1953 </td> <td colspan="7.5"><b>Organs of state authority</b> </td> <td colspan="7.5"><b>Organs of state administration</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">Parliament </td> <td colspan="4.5">Presidium of the Parliament </td> <td colspan="7.5">Government </td></tr> <tr> <td>1953–1971 </td> <td colspan="7.5">Parliament </td> <td colspan="3">Executive Council </td> <td colspan="4.5">Republic Administration </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971–1974 </td> <td colspan="3">Parliament </td> <td colspan="4.5">Presidency of the Parliament </td> <td colspan="3">Executive Council </td> <td colspan="4.5">Republic Administration </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974–1990 </td> <td colspan="3">Parliament </td> <td colspan="4.5">Presidency of the Republic </td> <td colspan="3">Executive Council </td> <td colspan="3">Republic Administration </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990–1991 </td> <td colspan="3">Parliament </td> <td colspan="7.5">President </td> <td colspan="3">Government </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tito_period">Tito period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Tito period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Bakari%C4%87_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Vladimir_Bakari%C4%87_%281%29.jpg/190px-Vladimir_Bakari%C4%87_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Vladimir_Bakari%C4%87_%281%29.jpg/285px-Vladimir_Bakari%C4%87_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Vladimir_Bakari%C4%87_%281%29.jpg/380px-Vladimir_Bakari%C4%87_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="963" data-file-height="1271" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Bakari%C4%87" title="Vladimir Bakarić">Vladimir Bakarić</a>, the first head of government of the SR Croatia.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first post-war head of state of the Socialist Republic of Croatia was <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nazor" title="Vladimir Nazor">Vladimir Nazor</a> (actually President of the Presidium of the Parliament of the People's Republic of Croatia), who was, during the war, Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/ZAVNOH" class="mw-redirect" title="ZAVNOH">State Antifascist Council of the People's Liberation of Croatia</a> (ZAVNOH), while the first head of government was <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Bakari%C4%87" title="Vladimir Bakarić">Vladimir Bakarić</a>. Ironically, even though communists promoted <a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">federalism</a>, post-war Yugoslavia was strictly centralized.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999218_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999218-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main organ was the Politburo of the Central Committee of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Croatia">Communist Party of Croatia</a> (from 1952 the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Croatia" title="League of Communists of Croatia">League of Communists of Croatia</a>) made of around ten persons. Its members were assigned to certain fields: one controlled the armed forces, another the development of the state, a third the economy etc. Ostensibly, the system of government was <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative democracy</a>: people would elect councillors and members of parliaments. However, the real power was in the hands of executive organs. Representative organs (the Parliament and various councils on local and district levels) only served to give legitimacy to their decisions. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999219_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999219-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party that ruled the SR Croatia was the branch of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">Communist Party of Yugoslavia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Croatia" title="League of Communists of Croatia">Communist Party of Croatia</a> (KPH). Even though the party had a Croatian name, its membership was only 57% Croats, along with 43% Serb. The majority of members were peasants and the majority was half-educated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999235_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999235-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soon after they gained power, the Communists started to persecute former officials of the <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a> in order to compromise them to the general public. On 6 June 1946, the Supreme Court of the SR Croatia sentenced some of the leading officials of the NDH, including <a href="/wiki/Slavko_Kvaternik" title="Slavko Kvaternik">Slavko Kvaternik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Ko%C5%A1ak" title="Vladimir Košak">Vladimir Košak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Navratil" title="Miroslav Navratil">Miroslav Navratil</a>, Ivan Perčević, <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Alajbegovi%C4%87" title="Mehmed Alajbegović">Mehmed Alajbegović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osman_Kulenovi%C4%87" title="Osman Kulenović">Osman Kulenović</a> and others. Communists also had a number of major and minor show trials in order to deal with the fascist regime of the NDH. Also, local leaders of the civic parties would often "disappear" without any witness.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999209_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999209-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Communists not only cleansed the officials who were working for the NDH, but also those who supported the Croatian Peasant Party and the Catholic Church.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999235_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999235-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The only major civic party in Croatia, the Croatian Republican Peasant Party, was active only a few years after the election, but as a satellite of the Communist Party. The clash with the civic anti-communist forces stimulated the Communist Party's centralism and <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarianism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999209_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999209-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When he took power, Tito knew that the greatest threat to the development of communism in Yugoslavia was nationalism. Because of that, the communists would crush even the slightest form of nationalism by repression. The communists made the most effort to crush nationalism in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia and tried to suppress the hatred between Croats, Serbs and <a href="/wiki/Bosniaks" title="Bosniaks">Muslims</a>, but even so, their greatest supporters in this process were local Serbs. Soon, the Serbs were overrepresented in the Croatian and Bosnian state and party leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999218_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999218-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_Tito's_death"><span id="After_Tito.27s_death"></span>After Tito's death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: After Tito's death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1980, Josip Broz Tito died. Political and economic difficulties started to mount and the federal government began to crumble. The federal government realised that it was unable to service the interest on its loans and started negotiations with the IMF that continued for years. Public polemics in Croatia concerning the need to help poor and less developed regions became more frequent, as Croatia and Slovenia contributed about 60 percent of those funds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldstein1999190_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein1999190-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The debt crisis, together with soaring inflation, forced the federal government to introduce measures such as the foreign currency law for earnings of export firms. <a href="/wiki/Ante_Markovi%C4%87" title="Ante Marković">Ante Marković</a>, a Bosnian Croat who at the time was the Croatian head of government, said that Croatia would lose around $800 million because of that law.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanner2001207_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanner2001207-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marković became the last head of government of Yugoslavia in 1989 and spent two years implementing various economic and political reforms. His government's efforts were initially successful, but ultimately failed due to the incurable political instability of the SFRY. </p><p>Ethnic tensions were on the increase and would result in the demise of Yugoslavia. The growing crisis in <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, the nationalist <a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_the_Serbian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorandum of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts">memorandum of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts</a>, the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a> as the leader of Serbia, and everything else that followed provoked a very negative reaction in Croatia. The fifty-year-old rift was starting to resurface, and the Croats increasingly began to show their own national feelings and express opposition towards the <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> <a href="/wiki/Regime" title="Regime">regime</a>. </p><p>On October 17, 1989, the rock group <i><a href="/wiki/Prljavo_kazali%C5%A1te" title="Prljavo kazalište">Prljavo kazalište</a></i> held a major concert before almost 250,000 people in the central <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a> city square. In light of the changing political circumstances, their song "Mojoj majci" ("To my mother"), where the songwriter hailed the mother in the song as "the last <a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">rose</a> of Croatia", was taken to heart by the fans on the location and many more elsewhere because of the expressed patriotism. On October 26, parliament declared All Saints Day (November 1) a public holiday. </p><p>In January 1990, during the 14th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, the delegation of <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> led by Milošević insisted on replacing the 1974 constitutional policy that empowered the republics with a policy of "one person, one vote", which would benefit the <a href="/wiki/Majority" title="Majority">majority</a> Serb population. This caused first the Slovenian and then Croatian delegations (led by <a href="/wiki/Milan_Ku%C4%8Dan" title="Milan Kučan">Milan Kučan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ivica_Ra%C4%8Dan" title="Ivica Račan">Ivica Račan</a>, respectively) to leave the Congress in protest and marked a culmination in the rift of the ruling party. </p><p>Ethnic Serbs, who constituted 12% of the population of Croatia, rejected the notion of separation from Yugoslavia. Serb politicians feared the loss of influence they previously had through their membership of the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Communist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian Communist Party">League of Communists in Croatia</a> (that some Croats claimed was disproportionate). Memories from the Second World War were evoked by the rhetoric coming from the Belgrade administration. As Milošević and his clique rode the wave of Serbian nationalism across <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, talking about battles to be fought for Serbdom, emerging Croatian leader <a href="/wiki/Franjo_Tu%C4%91man" title="Franjo Tuđman">Franjo Tuđman</a> reciprocated with talk about making Croatia a <a href="/wiki/Nation_state" title="Nation state">nation state</a>. The availability of mass media allowed for propaganda to be spread fast and spark <a href="/wiki/Jingoism" title="Jingoism">jingoism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fear" title="Fear">fear</a>, creating a war climate. </p><p>In February 1990, SR Croatia changed its constitutional system to a multi-party system.<sup id="cite_ref-Amendments1_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amendments1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 1991, the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">Yugoslav People's Army</a> met with the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Yugoslavia" title="Presidency of Yugoslavia">Presidency of Yugoslavia</a> (an eight-member council composed of representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces) in an attempt to get them to declare a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> which would allow for the army to take control of the country. Serbian and Serb-dominated representatives (Montenegro, Vojvodina and Kosovo) already in agreement with the army, voted for the proposal, but as representatives of Croatia, Slovenia, Macedonia and Bosnia voted against, the plot failed. The dying country had yet to see a few more Serb leadership's attempts to push the plan for centralizing the power in Belgrade, but because of resistance in all other republics, the crisis only deteriorated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transition_to_independence">Transition to independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Transition to independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Croatia" title="Independence of Croatia">Independence of Croatia</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/1990_Croatian_parliamentary_election" title="1990 Croatian parliamentary election">1990 Croatian parliamentary election</a> was held on April 22 and May 6, 1990. After the first multi-party elections, the creation of a constituent republic based on democratic institutions occurred. </p><p>After the first free elections, in July 1990, the prefix "socialist" was dropped, and thereafter Croatia was named the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Croatia">Republic of Croatia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-End_of_SRH_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-End_of_SRH-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Franjo Tuđman was elected president and his government embarked on a path toward the <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Croatia" title="Independence of Croatia">independence of Croatia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_model_and_theory">Economic model and theory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Economic model and theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The economy of the SFR Yugoslavia and thus of the Socialist Republic of Croatia was initially influenced by the Soviet Union. As the Communist Party of Yugoslavia was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Comintern" class="mw-redirect" title="Comintern">Communist International</a>, Yugoslav communists thought that the Soviet way to socialism was the only option to create a socialist state. In the early years of the SFR Yugoslavia, Communist members suppressed critics towards the Soviet Union and harbored sympathies towards it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999210-211_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999210-211-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the CPY, it was generally thought that state ownership and <a href="/wiki/Centralism" class="mw-redirect" title="Centralism">centralism</a> were the only ways to avoid economic breakdown and that without the state ownership and administrative control it would be impossible to accumulate vast resources, material and human, for economic development. Since every undeveloped country needs vast resources in order to start developing, and Yugoslavia was among them, communists thought that this was the only way to save the economy of Yugoslavia. Also, their ideology included elimination of the private sector, as they thought that such an economic system was historically wasteful.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999211_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999211-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economy_during_the_war">Economy during the war</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy during the war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first process of nationalization started on 24 November 1944, when Yugoslav Partisans dispossessed their enemies of their assets. The first victims of the confiscation were occupiers and war criminals. However, not long after, the assets of 199,541 Germans, the whole German minority, including 68,781 ha of land, were confiscated as well. Until the end of the war, the state controlled 55% of industry, 70% of mining, 90% of ferrous metallurgy and 100% of the oil industry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999212_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999212-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renewal_of_the_economy">Renewal of the economy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Renewal of the economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the SR Croatia, material damage and losses were high. In the war, the SR Croatia lost 298,000 people, 7.8% of its total population. Because of the 4-year partisan war, bombings, over-exploitation of raw materials and agricultural resources, and destruction of roads and industrial facilities, the state entered into economic chaos. The peasantry that provided goods to all the conflicting sides in the war was devastated and human losses were also high.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003293_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003293-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The damage to industry in Yugoslavia was the worst in Europe, while the SR Croatia was among the most damaged republics of Yugoslavia, along with Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999223_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999223-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The communist authority needed to act in order to prevent hunger, disorder and chaos. Yugoslavia lacked qualified workers, so the economy's renewal was mostly based on mass volunteer work. The recruitment for volunteer work was conducted with propaganda promising a better communist future, especially for members of Yugoslav partisans and youth. Another segment of these labourers were those who feared persecution, mainly opponents of the communist regime and Nazi collaborators. They entered volunteer labour in order to escape persecution. A third segment of the work force consisted of prisoners of war, who worked the hardest jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003293_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003293-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The distribution of food and material needed for industry depended on quick rebuilding of damaged roads. The Zagreb-Belgrade railway had been in reconstruction day and night, so the first train to travel this railway after the war, did it by the end of June 1945. Minefields also had to be cleared.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003293_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003293-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even though relations between the Western countries and Yugoslavia were tense, significant help to the people of Yugoslavia came from the <a href="/wiki/UNRRA" class="mw-redirect" title="UNRRA">UNRRA</a>, an American aid agency formed as a branch of the United Nations. They distributed food, clothes and shoes, which helped the country avoid mass starvation. Between 1945 and 1946, the UNRRA deployed 2.5 million tons of goods, mostly food,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003293_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003293-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> worth US$415 million. This amount was equal to twice the imports of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a> in 1938, or 135% of its tax revenues. It is generally thought that UNRRA fed and clothed some 5 million people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999224_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999224-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agrarian_reform">Agrarian reform</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Agrarian reform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ekonomika_republik_Jugosl%C3%A1vie_1947.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Ekonomika_republik_Jugosl%C3%A1vie_1947.png/220px-Ekonomika_republik_Jugosl%C3%A1vie_1947.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Ekonomika_republik_Jugosl%C3%A1vie_1947.png/330px-Ekonomika_republik_Jugosl%C3%A1vie_1947.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Ekonomika_republik_Jugosl%C3%A1vie_1947.png/440px-Ekonomika_republik_Jugosl%C3%A1vie_1947.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="824" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the economic development of the Yugoslav republics in 1947 (average development is 100%).</figcaption></figure> <p>At the same time as the persecution of political enemies, communist authorities conducted the Agrarian Reform,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003286_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003286-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a reform made on 23 August 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999212_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999212-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This process included dispossession of wealthy citizens and peasants. Agrarian Reform changed the ownership relations of agricultural properties. Land that was above 35 acres was taken from its owners. Nearly half of taken lands were transformed to agricultural areas (state property), while the other half was given to poor peasants. This reform also included the colonization in the SR Croatia where people from the so-called depressed areas moved to areas from which the <a href="/wiki/Volksdeutsche" title="Volksdeutsche">Volksdeutsche</a> had been expelled. In the SR Croatia, colonization occurred in <a href="/wiki/Slavonia" title="Slavonia">Slavonia</a>, while colonists were the poor peasants, mostly <a href="/wiki/Serbs_of_Croatia" title="Serbs of Croatia">Croatian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbs_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian Serbs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999212_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999212-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The confiscation of property was also conducted; people who were trading during the war were declared war profiteers and by this, the state gained factories, banks and large shops.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003286_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003286-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The communists also introduced a new way of distribution of agricultural products. In order to supply the people who lived in towns and cities, they introduced the redemption of those products. The policy of distribution was based on the idea that the working segment of society should have an advantage in quantity and diversity of goods over the non-working, parasitic segment. This led to development of black markets and speculation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003294_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003294-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next step in the implementation of the Agrarian Reform was <a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">nationalization</a> of the large assets of the bourgeoise.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003286_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003286-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 28 April 1948, when small shops and the majority of crafts had been nationalized, the private sector in the SR Croatia was liquidated to the end; out of 5,395 private shops, only 5 remained active. This decision was a double-edged sword: while the poor segment of society was satisfied by it, the large majority of the population was resistant and ready to revolt.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999212_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999212-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Just like in the Soviet Union, the state controlled the entire economy, while free trade was forbidden in favour of central planning. Because of this, the state started rational distribution of necessities for living, which were distributed among the population based on remittances, while consumers gained a certain amount of certificates each month for buying a certain amount of certain goods, including food, clothes and shoes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003286_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003286-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the spring of 1949, the state introduced high taxes on private farmer's economies which farmers were unable to pay. This forced them to enter into the peasant labour unions, formed based on the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Kolhoz" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolhoz">kolhozes</a>. In such a manner, the state introduced forced collectivization of villages.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003286-287_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003286-287-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This collectivization soon disappointed the poor peasants who got their land for free in the process of dispossession of wealthy peasants. Even though the communists thought that collectivization would solve the problem with food, on the contrary, the collectivization created the so-called "Bread Crisis" in 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999212_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999212-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The process of dispossession in Yugoslavia lasted from the middle of 1945 until the end of 1949. It was the fastest process of dispossession, even compared to East European communist states.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003286-287_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003286-287-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For this process, the state needed a large number of officials who were members of the Communist Party, receiving orders from the Politburo, thus leaving the Yugoslav republic without any power in the economy. The economy of one republic was depending on decisions made by the Politburo in Belgrade, thus Yugoslavia become a strictly centralized state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003287_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003287-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, the liquidation of the private sector, cleansing of the state apparatus and high officials and their replacement by half-educated partisans, drastic reduction of the gap between payments of ministers and workers (3:1), and emigration and deaths of the bourgeois class led to the disappearance of the middle class in the social structure, which had a negative effect on social life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999213_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999213-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrialization">Industrialization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Industrialization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Five-Year_Plan">Five-Year Plan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Five-Year Plan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andrija_Hebrang.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Andrija_Hebrang.JPG/190px-Andrija_Hebrang.JPG" decoding="async" width="190" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Andrija_Hebrang.JPG/285px-Andrija_Hebrang.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Andrija_Hebrang.JPG/380px-Andrija_Hebrang.JPG 2x" data-file-width="392" data-file-height="488" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Andrija_Hebrang_(father)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrija Hebrang (father)">Andrija Hebrang</a>, 4th <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of the Communist Party of Croatia">Secretary of the Communist Party of Croatia</a>, a creator of the Five-Year Plan</figcaption></figure> <p>Industrialization was the most significant process in the economic development of the SR Croatia, as communists promoted industrialization as the main factor in fast development.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999223_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999223-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the process of renewal, the process of industrialization and electrification started based on the Soviet model.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003295_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003295-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The whole economy, the creation of a system and the formulation of the strategy of development in the Five-Year Plan, was in the charge of <a href="/wiki/Andrija_Hebrang_(father)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrija Hebrang (father)">Andrija Hebrang</a>. As President of the Economy Council and President of the Planning Commission, Hebrang was in charge of all ministries that dealt with the economy. Alongside Tito, <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Kardelj" title="Edvard Kardelj">Edvard Kardelj</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Rankovi%C4%87" title="Aleksandar Ranković">Aleksandar Ranković</a>, he was the most influential person in Yugoslavia. As a chief of the whole economy, Hebrang finished his Five-Year Plan in winter 1946–47 which was approved by the government in spring 1947. Because of the lack of knowledge, the Plan copied the Soviet model. The factories which were built faster were factories that were in the sector of heavy and military industry, of which the most known in SR Croatia were "<a href="/wiki/KON%C4%8CAR_Group" title="KONČAR Group">Rade Končar</a>" and "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prvomajska_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prvomajska (company) (page does not exist)">Prvomajska</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999224_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999224-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Five-Year Plan, Hebrang wanted to increase the industrial production by five times and agricultural production by 1.5 times, increase the GDP per capita by 1.8 times and the national revenues by 1.8 times. The plan also included the increase of qualified workers, from 350,000 to 750,000. For the SR Croatia, it was decided that its industrial production needed to be increased by 452%. The fast development in industry required a high number of workers, so from 461,000 workers in 1945, in 1949 there were 1,990,000 workers. On 17 January 1947, Kardelj stated to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Croatia that Yugoslavia would be industrially stronger than Austria and Czechoslovakia. Both Kardelj and Bakarić advocated development of light industry, instead of Hebrang's idea for industry that would serve agriculture. The Five-Year Plan was indeed exaggerated; this plan did not have qualified personnel, market (placement) and capital; even so, the state continued with its implementation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999225_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999225-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All across the country, the state built the sites, and all projects of industrialization and electrification were made with propaganda that the population would have lower poverty and unemployment. The unemployment was indeed reduced, however, new employees were not educated for their jobs, so many objects were built slowly and many of them were not built at all. Following the current views of the Communist Party, the role of leading the economy was given to the <a href="/wiki/Directorate-general" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate-general">directorate-generals</a>, as a link between the ministries and the Party's leadership. By their implementation, the state gained even greater control over the economy. The companies had their <a href="/wiki/Legal_person" title="Legal person">legal person</a>; however, they did not have operational autonomy, since they were, as state organs, under state control.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003295_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003295-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The majority of residents were <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholics</a> and approximately 12% of the population were <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Orthodox Christians</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Patriarchy</a>, with a small number of other religions. Due to strained relationships between the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> and communist Yugoslav officials, no new Catholic bishops were appointed in the People's Republic of Croatia until 1960. This left the dioceses of <a href="/wiki/Eparchy_of_Kri%C5%BEevci" class="mw-redirect" title="Eparchy of Križevci">Križevci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_%C4%90akovo-Osijek" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Đakovo-Osijek">Đakovo-Osijek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Zadar" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zadar">Zadar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_%C5%A0ibenik" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Šibenik">Šibenik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Split-Makarska" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Split-Makarska">Split-Makarska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Dubrovnik" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Dubrovnik">Dubrovnik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Rijeka" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Rijeka">Rijeka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Pore%C4%8D-Pula" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Poreč-Pula">Poreč-Pula</a> without bishops for several years.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the mid-1950s, there were only four seated bishops in Croatia in three dioceses: <a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Stepinac" title="Aloysius Stepinac">Aloysius Stepinac</a>, Franjo Salis-Seewiss, Mihovil Pušić, and <a href="/wiki/Josip_Srebrni%C4%8D" title="Josip Srebrnič">Josip Srebrnič</a>. </p><p>Many priests accused of collaboration with the Ustaše and <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a> during World War II were arrested after the end of World War II amid conflicts between the Catholic Church and the Allied Powers, including the Archbishop of Zagreb, <a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Stepinac" title="Aloysius Stepinac">Aloysius Stepinac</a>. Aloysius Stepinac was arrested on 16 September 1946. He was <a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Stepinac#Trial" title="Aloysius Stepinac">sentenced</a> to sixteen years' imprisonment, but in December 1951, he was released to house arrest at his home in <a href="/wiki/Kra%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Krašić">Krašić</a> near <a href="/wiki/Jastrebarsko" title="Jastrebarsko">Jastrebarsko</a>, where he died in 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003284_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003284-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stepinac was made a <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">cardinal</a> in 1953 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pious_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Pious XII">Pope Pious XII</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbols">Symbols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div align="center"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1467px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Croatia_(1945%E2%80%931947).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag used during World War II and early post-war period (1943–47)"><img alt="Flag used during World War II and early post-war period (1943–47)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Flag_of_Croatia_%281945%E2%80%931947%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281945%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Flag_of_Croatia_%281945%E2%80%931947%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281945%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Flag_of_Croatia_%281945%E2%80%931947%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281945%E2%80%931947%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Croatian_flags" title="List of Croatian flags">Flag</a> used during World War II and early post-war period (1943–47) </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Federal_State_of_Croatia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem used during World War II and early post-war period (1943–47)"><img alt="Emblem used during World War II and early post-war period (1943–47)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Emblem_of_the_Federal_State_of_Croatia.svg/119px-Emblem_of_the_Federal_State_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="119" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Emblem_of_the_Federal_State_of_Croatia.svg/179px-Emblem_of_the_Federal_State_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Emblem_of_the_Federal_State_of_Croatia.svg/239px-Emblem_of_the_Federal_State_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="231" data-file-height="232" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Yugoslavia#Republic_emblems" title="Emblem of Yugoslavia">Emblem</a> used during World War II and early post-war period (1943–47) </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Croatia_(1947%E2%80%931990).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of SR Croatia (1945–1990)"><img alt="Flag of SR Croatia (1945–1990)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Croatia_%281947%E2%80%931990%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281947%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Croatia_%281947%E2%80%931990%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281947%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Croatia_%281947%E2%80%931990%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281947%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Flag of SR Croatia (1945–1990)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of SR Croatia (1947–1990)"><img alt="Emblem of SR Croatia (1947–1990)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia.svg/93px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia.svg/139px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia.svg/186px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="518" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Emblem of SR Croatia (1947–1990)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Croatia_(1990).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag used in 1990, before adoption of the current national flag"><img alt="Flag used in 1990, before adoption of the current national flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Croatia_%281990%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Croatia_%281990%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Croatia_%281990%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_Croatia_%281990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Flag used in 1990, before adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Croatia" title="Flag of Croatia">current national flag</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_CoA_1990.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms used in 1990, before adoption of the current coat of arms"><img alt="Coat of arms used in 1990, before adoption of the current coat of arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/116px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png" decoding="async" width="116" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/174px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Croatia_CoA_1990.svg/232px-Croatia_CoA_1990.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Coat of arms used in 1990, before adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia" title="Coat of arms of Croatia">current coat of arms</a></div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Croatia" title="Portal:Croatia">Croatia portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia" title="History of Croatia">History of Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Croatian_history" title="Timeline of Croatian history">Timeline of Croatian history</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mvep.hr/MVP.asp?pcpid=63">"Državna obilježja"</a> [State symbols] (in Croatian). <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_and_European_Affairs_(Croatia)" title="Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (Croatia)">Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (Croatia)</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dr%C5%BEavna+obilje%C5%BEja&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Foreign+and+European+Affairs+%28Croatia%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mvep.hr%2FMVP.asp%3Fpcpid%3D63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialist+Republic+of+Croatia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDolezal2016" class="citation book cs1">Dolezal, Dalibor (2016). Arnull, Elaine; Fox, Darrell (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rn2QDAAAQBAJ"><i>Cultural Perspectives on Youth Justice: Connecting Theory, Policy and International Practice</i></a>. New York City: Springer. p. 87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-13743-397-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-13743-397-8"><bdi>978-1-13743-397-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultural+Perspectives+on+Youth+Justice%3A+Connecting+Theory%2C+Policy+and+International+Practice&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-13743-397-8&rft.aulast=Dolezal&rft.aufirst=Dalibor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRn2QDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialist+Republic+of+Croatia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/census2011/results/htm/usp_03_EN.htm">"Population by ethnicity, 1971 – 2011 censuses"</a>. <i>Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011</i>. Zagreb: <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Croatian Bureau of Statistics">Croatian Bureau of Statistics</a>. December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+of+Population%2C+Households+and+Dwellings+2011&rft.atitle=Population+by+ethnicity%2C+1971+%E2%80%93+2011+censuses&rft.date=2012-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.dzs.hr%2FEng%2Fcensuses%2Fcensus2011%2Fresults%2Fhtm%2Fusp_03_EN.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialist+Republic+of+Croatia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravo.unizg.hr/_download/repository/Ustav_Socijalisticke_RH_1974.pdf">"Ustav Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske (1974), Član 138"</a> [Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Croatia (1974), Article 138] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Croatian). <a href="/wiki/Narodne_novine" title="Narodne novine">Narodne novine</a>. 22 February 1974<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ustav+Socijalisti%C4%8Dke+Republike+Hrvatske+%281974%29%2C+%C4%8Clan+138&rft.pub=Narodne+novine&rft.date=1974-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravo.unizg.hr%2F_download%2Frepository%2FUstav_Socijalisticke_RH_1974.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialist+Republic+of+Croatia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Traditional translation, one more accurate would be the <b>Federated State of Croatia</b></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen199695-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen199695_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCohen1996">Cohen 1996</a>, p. 95.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFCohen1996 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999215-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999215_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBilandžić1999">Bilandžić 1999</a>, p. 215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003257-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003257_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatković2003">Matković 2003</a>, p. 257.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003280-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003280_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatković2003">Matković 2003</a>, p. 280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003281-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003281_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003281_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatković2003">Matković 2003</a>, p. 281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999208-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999208_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBilandžić1999">Bilandžić 1999</a>, p. 208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003272-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003272_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003272_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatković2003">Matković 2003</a>, p. 272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003274-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003274_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatković2003">Matković 2003</a>, p. 274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003276-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003276_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatković2003">Matković 2003</a>, p. 276.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003277-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003277_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatković2003">Matković 2003</a>, p. 277.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-july-1990-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-july-1990_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSabor1990" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Sabor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabor">Sabor</a> (July 25, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/1990_07_31_610.html">"Odluka o proglašenju Amandmana LXIV. do LXXV. na Ustav Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Narodne_novine" title="Narodne novine">Narodne novine</a></i> (in Croatian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Narodne+novine&rft.atitle=Odluka+o+progla%C5%A1enju+Amandmana+LXIV.+do+LXXV.+na+Ustav+Socijalisti%C4%8Dke+Republike+Hrvatske&rft.date=1990-07-25&rft.au=Sabor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnarodne-novine.nn.hr%2Fclanci%2Fsluzbeni%2F1990_07_31_610.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialist+Republic+of+Croatia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-december-1990-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-december-1990_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSabor1990" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Sabor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabor">Sabor</a> (December 22, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/1990_12_56_1092.html">"Ustav Republike Hrvatske"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Narodne_novine" title="Narodne novine">Narodne novine</a></i> (in Croatian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Narodne+novine&rft.atitle=Ustav+Republike+Hrvatske&rft.date=1990-12-22&rft.au=Sabor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnarodne-novine.nn.hr%2Fclanci%2Fsluzbeni%2F1990_12_56_1092.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialist+Republic+of+Croatia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999218-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999218_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999218_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBilandžić1999">Bilandžić 1999</a>, p. 218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999219-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999219_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBilandžić1999">Bilandžić 1999</a>, p. 219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999235-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999235_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999235_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBilandžić1999">Bilandžić 1999</a>, p. 235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999209-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999209_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999209_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBilandžić1999">Bilandžić 1999</a>, p. 209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein1999190-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldstein1999190_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldstein1999">Goldstein 1999</a>, p. 190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETanner2001207-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanner2001207_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTanner2001">Tanner 2001</a>, p. 207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amendments1-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Amendments1_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/1990_02_7_71.html">"Odluka o proglašenju Amandmana LIV. do LXIII. na Ustav Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Narodne_novine" title="Narodne novine">Narodne novine</a></i> (in Croatian). February 14, 1990<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Narodne+novine&rft.atitle=Odluka+o+progla%C5%A1enju+Amandmana+LIV.+do+LXIII.+na+Ustav+Socijalisti%C4%8Dke+Republike+Hrvatske&rft.date=1990-02-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnarodne-novine.nn.hr%2Fclanci%2Fsluzbeni%2F1990_02_7_71.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialist+Republic+of+Croatia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-End_of_SRH-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-End_of_SRH_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/1990_07_31_610.html">"Odluka o proglašenju Amandmana LXIV. do LXXV. na Ustav Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Narodne_novine" title="Narodne novine">Narodne novine</a></i> (in Croatian). July 25, 1990<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Narodne+novine&rft.atitle=Odluka+o+progla%C5%A1enju+Amandmana+LXIV.+do+LXXV.+na+Ustav+Socijalisti%C4%8Dke+Republike+Hrvatske&rft.date=1990-07-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnarodne-novine.nn.hr%2Fclanci%2Fsluzbeni%2F1990_07_31_610.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialist+Republic+of+Croatia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999210-211-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999210-211_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBilandžić1999">Bilandžić 1999</a>, p. 210-211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999211-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999211_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBilandžić1999">Bilandžić 1999</a>, p. 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999212-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999212_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999212_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999212_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999212_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999212_28-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBilandžić1999">Bilandžić 1999</a>, p. 212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003293-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003293_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003293_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003293_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003293_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatković2003">Matković 2003</a>, p. 293.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999223-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999223_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999223_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBilandžić1999">Bilandžić 1999</a>, p. 223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999224-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999224_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999224_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBilandžić1999">Bilandžić 1999</a>, p. 224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003286-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003286_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003286_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003286_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003286_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatković2003">Matković 2003</a>, p. 286.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003294-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003294_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatković2003">Matković 2003</a>, p. 294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003286-287-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003286-287_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003286-287_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatković2003">Matković 2003</a>, p. 286-287.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003287-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003287_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatković2003">Matković 2003</a>, p. 287.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999213-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999213_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBilandžić1999">Bilandžić 1999</a>, p. 213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003295-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003295_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003295_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatković2003">Matković 2003</a>, p. 295.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999225-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilandžić1999225_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBilandžić1999">Bilandžić 1999</a>, p. 225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/country/dhr.html">Catholic Dioceses in Croatia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatković2003284-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatković2003284_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatković2003">Matković 2003</a>, p. 284.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanner2001" class="citation book cs1">Tanner, Marcus (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/croatianationfor0000tann_f0k3"><i>Croatia : a nation forged in war</i></a></span> (2nd ed.). New Haven; London: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-09125-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-09125-7"><bdi>0-300-09125-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Croatia+%3A+a+nation+forged+in+war&rft.place=New+Haven%3B+London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-300-09125-7&rft.aulast=Tanner&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcroatianationfor0000tann_f0k3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialist+Republic+of+Croatia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ivo_Goldstein" title="Ivo Goldstein">Goldstein, Ivo</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pSxJdE4MYo4C"><i>Croatia: A History</i></a>. London: C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85065-525-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-85065-525-1"><bdi>1-85065-525-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Croatia%3A+A+History&rft.place=London&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.+Publishers&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-85065-525-1&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Ivo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpSxJdE4MYo4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialist+Republic+of+Croatia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatković2003" class="citation book cs1">Matković, Hrvoje (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7UWiPQAACAAJ"><i>Povijest Jugoslavije: (1918–1991–2003)</i></a>. Zagreb: Naklada P.I.P. Pavičić. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/953-6308-46-0" title="Special:BookSources/953-6308-46-0"><bdi>953-6308-46-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Povijest+Jugoslavije%3A+%281918%E2%80%931991%E2%80%932003%29&rft.place=Zagreb&rft.pub=Naklada+P.I.P.+Pavi%C4%8Di%C4%87&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=953-6308-46-0&rft.aulast=Matkovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Hrvoje&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7UWiPQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialist+Republic+of+Croatia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBilandžić1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Biland%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Dušan Bilandžić">Bilandžić, Dušan</a> (1999). <i>Hrvatska moderna povijest</i> (in Croatian). Golden marketing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/953-6168-50-2" title="Special:BookSources/953-6168-50-2"><bdi>953-6168-50-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hrvatska+moderna+povijest&rft.pub=Golden+marketing&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=953-6168-50-2&rft.aulast=Biland%C5%BEi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Du%C5%A1an&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocialist+Republic+of+Croatia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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Yugoslavia">Republics and autonomous provinces of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a>*</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Serbia" title="Socialist Republic of Serbia">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Autonomous_Province_of_Vojvodina" title="Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina">Vojvodina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Autonomous_Province_of_Kosovo" title="Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Macedonia" title="Socialist Republic of Macedonia">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Slovenia" title="Socialist Republic of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Montenegro" title="Socialist Republic of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small>* in order of population and territory size</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Croatia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Croatia_topics" title="Template:Croatia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Croatia_topics" title="Template talk:Croatia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Croatia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Croatia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Croatia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Croatia-related_articles" title="Index of Croatia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia" title="History of Croatia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia_before_the_Croats" title="History of Croatia before the Croats">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_hypotheses_of_the_Croats" title="Origin hypotheses of the Croats">Origins of Croats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Croats" title="White Croats">White Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Croatia" title="White Croatia">White Croatia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Croatia" title="Duchy of Croatia">Medieval duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatian_city-states" title="Dalmatian city-states">Dalmatian city-states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavs_in_Lower_Pannonia" title="Slavs in Lower Pannonia">Lower Pannonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Croatia" title="Red Croatia">Red Croatia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narentines" title="Narentines">Narentines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachlumia" title="Zachlumia">Zachlumia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travunia" title="Travunia">Travunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanalites" title="Kanalites">Kanalites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Medieval kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_of_Croatia" title="Ban of Croatia">Ban of Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_of_Slavonia" title="Ban of Slavonia">Ban of Slavonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_personal_union_with_Hungary" title="Croatia in personal union with Hungary">Personal union with Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Dalmatia" title="Venetian Dalmatia">Venetian Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ragusa" title="Republic of Ragusa">Republic of Ragusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(Habsburg)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)">Habsburg kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_Provinces" title="Illyrian Provinces">Illyrian Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia-Slavonia" title="Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia">Austrio-Hungarian kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Slovenes,_Croats_and_Serbs" title="State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banovina_of_Croatia" title="Banovina of Croatia">Banovina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">'Independent State'</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Socialist Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Croatia" title="Independence of Croatia">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia_(1995%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Croatia (1995–present)">Croatia since 1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Croatia–NATO relations">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2013 enlargement of the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Croatia" title="Geography of Croatia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Croatia#Climate" title="Geography of Croatia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Croatia" title="List of extreme points of Croatia">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Croatia" title="List of islands of Croatia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Croatia" title="List of lakes of Croatia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Croatia" title="List of mammals of Croatia">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Croatia" title="List of mountains in Croatia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Croatia" title="List of protected areas of Croatia">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Croatia" title="List of rivers of Croatia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topography_of_Croatia" title="Topography of Croatia">Topography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Croatia" title="Politics of Croatia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Croatia" title="Administrative divisions of Croatia">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Croatia" title="Constitution of Croatia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Croatia" title="President of Croatia">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Croatia" title="Government of Croatia">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia" title="Prime Minister of Croatia">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Croatia" title="Human rights in Croatia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Croatia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Croatia" title="Law enforcement in Croatia">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Croatia" title="Armed Forces of Croatia">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_(Croatia)" title="General Staff of the Armed Forces (Croatia)">General Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_(Croatia)" title="Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces (Croatia)">Chief of the General Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament" title="Croatian Parliament">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Croatian_Parliament" title="Speaker of the Croatian Parliament">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Croatia" title="List of political parties in Croatia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Croatia" title="Elections in Croatia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Croatia" title="Foreign relations of Croatia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_security_and_intelligence_system" title="Croatian security and intelligence system">Security and intelligence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Croatia" title="Economy of Croatia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_brands" title="Croatian brands">Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Croatia" title="Energy in Croatia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Croatian_counties_by_GDP" title="List of Croatian counties by GDP">Gross domestic product (GDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Croatia" title="Industry of Croatia">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatian_currency" title="History of Croatian currency">History of currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_National_Bank" title="Croatian National Bank">National Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia_and_the_euro" title="Croatia and the euro">The euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization_in_Croatia" title="Privatization in Croatia">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagreb_Stock_Exchange" title="Zagreb Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Croatia" title="Telecommunications in Croatia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Croatia" title="Tourism in Croatia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Croatia" title="Transport in Croatia">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Croatia" title="Category:Society of Croatia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Croatia" title="Demographics of Croatia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Croatia" title="Education in Croatia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Croatia" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Croatia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Croats" title="Genetic studies on Croats">Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Croatia" title="Healthcare in Croatia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Croatia#Languages" title="Demographics of Croatia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Croatia" title="Religion in Croatia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Croatia" title="Women in Croatia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Croatia" title="Culture of Croatia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Croatia" title="Architecture of Croatia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_art" title="Croatian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Croatia" title="Cinema of Croatia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_wine" title="Croatian wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_literature" title="Croatian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Croatia" title="Music of Croatia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Croatia" title="Public holidays in Croatia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Croatia" title="List of radio stations in Croatia">Radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Croatia" title="Sport in Croatia">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Croatia" title="Television in Croatia">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Croatia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Croatia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Croatia" title="National symbols of Croatia">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lijepa_na%C5%A1a_domovino" title="Lijepa naša domovino">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_checkerboard" title="Croatian checkerboard">Checkerboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia" title="Coat of arms of Croatia">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_national_costume" title="Croatian national costume">Costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Zvonimir" title="Crown of Zvonimir">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Croatia" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Croatia">Decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Croatian_flags" title="List of Croatian flags">Flags</a></li> 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