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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Christianity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Catholic_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholic_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Catholic Church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catholic_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stages_of_canonization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stages_of_canonization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Stages of canonization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stages_of_canonization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_Orthodoxy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Orthodoxy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Eastern Orthodoxy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Orthodoxy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canonization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canonization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Canonization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canonization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oriental_Orthodoxy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Oriental Orthodoxy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oriental_Orthodoxy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anglicanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anglicanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Anglicanism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anglicanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lutheranism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lutheranism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Lutheranism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lutheranism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Methodism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methodism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Methodism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Methodism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Protestantism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Protestantism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Other Protestantism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Protestantism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other religions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_religions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other religions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-African_diaspora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#African_diaspora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>African diaspora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-African_diaspora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buddhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buddhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Buddhism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buddhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Druze_faith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Druze_faith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Druze faith</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Druze_faith-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hinduism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hinduism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Hinduism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hinduism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sikhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sikhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Sikhism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sikhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Religious_Movements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Religious_Movements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>New Religious Movements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Religious_Movements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Saint</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 94 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">94 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heilige" title="Heilige – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Heilige" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heiliger" title="Heiliger – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Heiliger" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanct" title="Sanct – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Sanct" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="قديس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قديس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santu" title="Santu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Santu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCq%C9%99dd%C9%99s" title="Müqəddəs – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Müqəddəs" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_(%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE)" title="সন্ত (খ্রিস্টধর্ম) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সন্ত (খ্রিস্টধর্ম)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Святы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Святы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Сьвяты – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сьвяты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo" title="Santo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Santo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Светец – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Светец" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant" title="Sant – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sant" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant" title="Sant – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sant" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sv%C4%9Btec" title="Světec – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Světec" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santi" title="Santi – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Santi" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant" title="Sant – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sant" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helgen" title="Helgen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Helgen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heiliger" title="Heiliger – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Heiliger" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BChak" title="Pühak – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pühak" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Άγιος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άγιος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo" title="Santo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Santo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanktulo" title="Sanktulo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sanktulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santu" title="Santu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Santu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="قدیس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قدیس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halgimenni" title="Halgimenni – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Halgimenni" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint" title="Saint – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Saint" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillige" title="Hillige – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hillige" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomh" title="Naomh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Naomh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomh" title="Naomh – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Naomh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo" title="Santo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Santo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Бодь – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Бодь" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%B8_(%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90)" title="성인 (종교) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="성인 (종교)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Սրբեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սրբեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetac" title="Svetac – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Svetac" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo" title="Santo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Santo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo" title="Santo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Santo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sancto" title="Sancto – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Sancto" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BDrlingur" title="Dýrlingur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dýrlingur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo" title="Santo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Santo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A9_(%D7%93%D7%AA)" title="קדוש (דת) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קדוש (דת)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo" title="Santo – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Santo" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="წმინდანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წმინდანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Әулие адам – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Әулие адам" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtakatifu" title="Mtakatifu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mtakatifu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctus" title="Sanctus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sanctus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sv%C4%93tais" title="Svētais – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Svētais" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ventasis" title="Šventasis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šventasis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heilige" title="Heilige – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Heilige" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant" title="Sant – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sant" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szent" title="Szent – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szent" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Светец – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Светец" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olo-masina" title="Olo-masina – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Olo-masina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4" title="संत – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="संत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="قديس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قديس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo" title="Santo – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Santo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heilige_(christendom)" title="Heilige (christendom) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Heilige (christendom)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E4%BA%BA" title="聖人 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="聖人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helgen" title="Helgen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Helgen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helgen" title="Helgen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Helgen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint" title="Saint – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Saint" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="بزرگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بزرگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint" title="Saint – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Saint" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99ty" title="Święty – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Święty" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo" title="Santo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Santo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellije" title="Hellije – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Hellije" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sf%C3%A2nt" title="Sfânt – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sfânt" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santu" title="Santu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Santu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Святый – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Святый" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Святой – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Святой" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saunt" title="Saunt – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Saunt" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenjtori" title="Shenjtori – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shenjtori" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94" title="සාන්තුවරු – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සාන්තුවරු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint" title="Saint – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Saint" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sv%C3%A4tec" title="Svätec – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Svätec" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetnik" title="Svetnik – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Svetnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Светац – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Светац" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetac" title="Svetac – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Svetac" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyhimys" title="Pyhimys – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pyhimys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helgon" title="Helgon – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Helgon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo" title="Santo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Santo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="புனிதர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புனிதர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="เซนต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เซนต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aziz" title="Aziz – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aziz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Святий – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Святий" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="بزرگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بزرگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo" title="Santo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Santo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A1nh_nh%C3%A2n" title="Thánh nhân – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thánh nhân" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint" title="Sint – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Sint" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo" title="Santo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Santo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%BA%BA" title="圣人 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="圣人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Person recognized by a religion as being holy</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Saint_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Saint (disambiguation)">Saint (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_School_-_Icon_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist_-_1102557_-_National_Trust.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Greek_School_-_Icon_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist_-_1102557_-_National_Trust.jpg/260px-Greek_School_-_Icon_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist_-_1102557_-_National_Trust.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Greek_School_-_Icon_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist_-_1102557_-_National_Trust.jpg/390px-Greek_School_-_Icon_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist_-_1102557_-_National_Trust.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Greek_School_-_Icon_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist_-_1102557_-_National_Trust.jpg/520px-Greek_School_-_Icon_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist_-_1102557_-_National_Trust.jpg 2x" data-file-width="687" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._John_the_Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John the Baptist">St. John the Baptist</a> pictured with a <a href="/wiki/Halo_(religious_iconography)" title="Halo (religious iconography)">halo</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Christian_iconography" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian iconography">Christian iconography</a>, saints may also be depicted with <a href="/wiki/Wreath_(attire)" title="Wreath (attire)">wreaths</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palm_branch" title="Palm branch">palm branches</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_lilies" class="mw-redirect" title="White lilies">white lilies</a> or other <a href="/wiki/Saint_symbolism" title="Saint symbolism">attributes</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> belief, a <b>saint</b> is a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of <a href="/wiki/Sanctification_in_Christianity" title="Sanctification in Christianity">holiness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imitation_of_God" title="Imitation of God">likeness</a>, or closeness to <a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a>. However, the use of the term <i>saint</i> depends on the context and <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">denomination</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox">Oriental Orthodox</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> doctrine, all of their faithful deceased in <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">Heaven</a> are considered to be saints, but a selected few are considered worthy of greater honor or emulation.<sup id="cite_ref-Woodward1996_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodward1996-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Official <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">ecclesiastical</a> recognition, and <a href="/wiki/Veneration" title="Veneration">veneration</a>, is conferred on some denominational saints through the process of <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonization</a> in the Catholic Church or <a href="/wiki/Glorification" title="Glorification">glorification</a> in the Eastern Orthodox Church after their approval.<sup id="cite_ref-bebis_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bebis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> denominations <i>saint</i> refers broadly to any holy <a href="/wiki/Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian">Christian</a>, without special recognition or selection. </p><p>While the English word <i>saint</i> (deriving from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">sanctus</i></span>) originated in Christianity, <a href="/wiki/History_of_religion" title="History of religion">historians of religion</a> tend to use the appellation "in a more general way to refer to the state of special holiness that many religions attribute to certain people", referring to the Jewish <a href="/wiki/Hasid" title="Hasid">ḥasīd</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tzadik" title="Tzadik">tzadik</a>, the Islamic <a href="/wiki/Wal%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Walī">walī</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Fakir" title="Fakir">fakir</a>, the Hindu <a href="/wiki/Rishi" title="Rishi">rishi</a>, Sikh <a href="/wiki/Bhagat" title="Bhagat">bhagat</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Guru" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh Guru">guru</a>, the Shintoist <a href="/wiki/Kami" title="Kami">kami</a>, the Taoist <a href="/wiki/Shengren" class="mw-redirect" title="Shengren">shengren</a>, and the Buddhist <a href="/wiki/Arhat_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arhat (Buddhism)">arhat</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">bodhisattva</a> also as saints.<sup id="cite_ref-EoR_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Saint|Britannica_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saint|Britannica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Depending on the religion, saints are recognized either by official declaration, as in Roman Catholicism or Eastern Orthodoxy, or by popular acclamation (see <a href="/wiki/Folk_saint" title="Folk saint">folk saint</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Ben-Ami1998_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ben-Ami1998-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_characteristics">General characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: General characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The English word <i>saint</i> comes from the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">sanctus</i></span>, with the Greek equivalent being <span title="Biblical Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">ἅγιος</span></span> (<i>hagios</i>) 'holy'.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <span title="Biblical Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">ἅγιος</span></span> appears 229 times in the Greek <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, and its English translation 60 times in the corresponding text of the <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-biblepages_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biblepages-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">sanctus</i></span></i> was originally a technical one in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Roman religion">ancient Roman religion</a>, but due to its <a href="/wiki/Ecumene" title="Ecumene">globalized</a> use in Christianity the modern word <i>saint</i> is now also used as a translation of comparable terms for persons "worthy of veneration for their holiness or sanctity" in other religions. </p><p>Many religions also use similar concepts (but different terminology) to venerate persons worthy of some honor.<sup id="cite_ref-EoR_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Author John A. Coleman of the <a href="/wiki/Graduate_Theological_Union" title="Graduate Theological Union">Graduate Theological Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley, California</a>, wrote that saints across various cultures and religions have the following <a href="/wiki/Family_resemblance" title="Family resemblance">family resemblances</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>exemplary model</li> <li>extraordinary teacher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonder-worker" class="mw-redirect" title="Wonder-worker">wonder-worker</a> or source of benevolent power</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_saints" title="Intercession of saints">intercessor</a></li> <li>a life often refusing material attachments or comforts</li> <li>possession of a special and <a href="/wiki/Revelation" title="Revelation">revelatory</a> relation to the <a href="/wiki/Holy" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy">holy</a>.</li></ol> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Anthropologist" title="Anthropologist">anthropologist</a> Lawrence Babb, in an article about Indian <a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">guru</a> <a href="/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba" title="Sathya Sai Baba">Sathya Sai Baba</a>, asks the question "Who is a saint?" and responds by saying that in the symbolic infrastructure of some religions, there is the image of a certain extraordinary spiritual person's "miraculous powers", to whom frequently a certain moral presence is attributed. These saintly figures, he asserts, are "the focal points of spiritual force-fields". They exert "powerful attractive influence on followers but touch the inner lives of others in transforming ways as well".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christianity">Christianity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catholic_Church">Catholic Church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Catholic Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Catholic_Church"></span><span class="anchor" id="Catholic"></span><span class="anchor" id="Catholicism"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">List of Catholic saints</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Francesco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/San_Francesco.jpg/220px-San_Francesco.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/San_Francesco.jpg/330px-San_Francesco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/San_Francesco.jpg/440px-San_Francesco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1104" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>A portrait depicting <a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_of_Assisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Francis of Assisi">Saint Francis of Assisi</a> by the Italian artist <a href="/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue">Cimabue</a> (1240–1302)</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, a saint may be anyone in <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">Heaven</a> (besides <a href="/wiki/God_in_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="God in Catholicism">God</a>), whether recognized on Earth or not, who forms the "great cloud of witnesses" (<a href="/wiki/Hebrews_12" title="Hebrews 12">Hebrews 12</a>:1).<sup id="cite_ref-Francis2018_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francis2018-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These "may include our own mothers, grandmothers or other loved ones (cf. <a href="/wiki/2_Timothy_1:5" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Timothy 1:5">2 Timothy 1:5</a>)" who may have not always lived perfect lives, but "amid their faults and failings they kept moving forward and proved pleasing to the Lord".<sup id="cite_ref-Francis2018_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francis2018-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The title <i>Saint</i> denotes a person who has been formally <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonized</a>—that is, officially and authoritatively declared a saint, by the church as holder of the <a href="/wiki/Keys_of_the_Kingdom_of_Heaven" class="mw-redirect" title="Keys of the Kingdom of Heaven">Keys of the Kingdom of Heaven</a>, and is therefore believed to be in Heaven by the <a href="/wiki/Grace_in_Christianity" title="Grace in Christianity">grace of God</a>. There are many persons that the church believes to be in Heaven who have not been formally canonized and who are otherwise titled saints because of the fame of their holiness.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes the word saint also denotes living Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-cat2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cat2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a></i>, "The <a href="/wiki/Patriarchs_(Bible)" title="Patriarchs (Bible)">patriarchs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prophets_in_Christianity" title="Prophets in Christianity">prophets</a>, and certain other Old Testament figures have been and always will be honored as saints in all the church's liturgical traditions."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his book <i>Saint of the Day</i>, editor Leonard Foley says this: the "[Saints'] surrender to God's love was so generous an approach to the total surrender of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> that the Church recognizes them as heroes and heroines worthy to be held up for our inspiration. They remind us that the Church is holy, can never stop being holy and is called to show the holiness of God by living the life of Christ."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Catholic Church teaches that it does not "make" or "create" saints, but rather merely recognizes them. Proofs of heroic virtue required in the process of beatification will serve to illustrate in detail the general principles exposed above<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> upon proof of their holiness or likeness to God. </p><p>On 3 January 993, <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XV" title="Pope John XV">Pope John XV</a> became the first pope to proclaim a person a saint from outside the diocese of Rome: on the petition of the German ruler, he had canonized Bishop <a href="/wiki/Ulrich_of_Augsburg" title="Ulrich of Augsburg">Ulrich of Augsburg</a>. Before that time, the popular "<a href="/wiki/Cult_(religious_practice)" title="Cult (religious practice)">cults</a>", or venerations, of saints had been local and spontaneous and were confirmed by the local <a href="/wiki/Catholic_bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic bishop">bishop</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lr12_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lr12-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XVIII" title="Pope John XVIII">Pope John XVIII</a> subsequently permitted a cult of five Polish <a href="/wiki/Martyrs" class="mw-redirect" title="Martyrs">martyrs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lr12_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lr12-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_VIII" title="Pope Benedict VIII">Pope Benedict VIII</a> later declared the Armenian hermit <a href="/wiki/Simeon_of_Mantua" title="Simeon of Mantua">Simeon of Mantua</a> to be a saint, but it was not until the pontificate of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_III" title="Pope Innocent III">Pope Innocent III</a> that the popes reserved to themselves the exclusive authority to canonize saints, so that local bishops needed the confirmation of the Pope.<sup id="cite_ref-lr12_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lr12-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Walter_of_Pontoise" title="Walter of Pontoise">Walter of Pontoise</a> was the last person in <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a> to be canonized by an authority other than the Pope: <a href="/wiki/Hugh_de_Boves" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh de Boves">Hugh de Boves</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Rouen" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Rouen">Archbishop of Rouen</a>, canonized him in 1153.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thenceforth a decree of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_III" title="Pope Alexander III">Pope Alexander III</a> in 1170 reserved the prerogative of canonization to the Pope, insofar as the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> was concerned.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alban_Butler" title="Alban Butler">Alban Butler</a> published <i>Lives of the Saints</i> in 1756, including a total of 1,486 saints. The latest revision of this book, edited by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Thurston" title="Herbert Thurston">Herbert Thurston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donald_Attwater" title="Donald Attwater">Donald Attwater</a>, contains the lives of 2,565 saints.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robert Sarno, an official of the <a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" title="Dicastery for the Causes of Saints">Dicastery for the Causes of Saints</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>, expressed that it is impossible to give an exact number of saints.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Veneration of saints">veneration of saints</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">cultus</i></span>, or the "<a href="/wiki/Cult_(religious_practice)" title="Cult (religious practice)">cult</a> of the Saints", describes a particular popular devotion or entrustment of one's self to a particular saint or group of saints. Although the term <i><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">worship</a></i> is sometimes used, it is only used with the older English connotation of honoring or respecting (<i><a href="/wiki/Veneration" title="Veneration">dulia</a></i>) a person. According to the church, divine worship is in the strict sense reserved only to God (<i><a href="/wiki/Latria" title="Latria">latria</a></i>) and never to the saints. One is permitted to ask the saints to <a href="/wiki/Intercede" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercede">intercede</a> or pray to God for persons still on Earth,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> just as one can ask someone on Earth to pray for him. </p><p>A saint may be designated as a <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of a particular cause, profession, church or locale, or invoked as a protector against specific illnesses or disasters, sometimes by popular custom and sometimes by official declarations of the church.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saints are not believed to have power of their own, but only that granted by God. <a href="/wiki/Relics" class="mw-redirect" title="Relics">Relics</a> of saints are respected, or <i>venerated</i>, similar to the veneration of holy images and <a href="/wiki/Icons" class="mw-redirect" title="Icons">icons</a>. The practice in past centuries of venerating relics of saints with the intention of obtaining healing from God through their intercession is taken from the <a href="/wiki/Early_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Church">early Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, an American <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacon</a> claimed in 2000 that <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman">John Henry Newman</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (then a <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">blessed</a>) interceded with God to cure him of a physical illness. The deacon, Jack Sullivan, asserted that after addressing Newman he was cured of <a href="/wiki/Spinal_stenosis" title="Spinal stenosis">spinal stenosis</a> in a matter of hours. In 2009, a panel of theologians concluded that Sullivan's recovery was the result of his prayer to Newman. According to the church, to be deemed a miracle, "a medical recovery must be instantaneous, not attributable to treatment, disappear for good."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once a person has been canonized, the deceased body of the saint is considered holy as a <a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">relic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-newadv_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newadv-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remains of saints are called holy relics and are usually used in churches. Saints' personal belongings may also be used as relics.<sup id="cite_ref-newadv_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newadv-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the saints have a special iconographic <a href="/wiki/Saint_symbology" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint symbology">symbol</a> by tradition, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence" title="Saint Lawrence">Saint Lawrence</a>, deacon and martyr, is identified by a <a href="/wiki/Gridiron_(cooking)" title="Gridiron (cooking)">gridiron</a> because he is believed to have been burned to death on one. This symbol is found, for instance, in the Canadian heraldry of the office responsible for the <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Seaway" title="St. Lawrence Seaway">St. Lawrence Seaway</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stages_of_canonization">Stages of canonization</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Stages of canonization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Formal <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonization</a> is a lengthy process, often of many years or even centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are four major steps to become a saint.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first stage in this process is an investigation of the candidate's life by an expert. After this, the official report on the candidate is submitted to the bishop of the pertinent diocese and more study is undertaken. The information is then sent to the <a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" title="Dicastery for the Causes of Saints">Dicastery for the Causes of Saints</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> for evaluation at the universal level of the church.<sup id="cite_ref-how6191_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-how6191-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the application is approved the candidate may be granted the title <i><a href="/wiki/The_Venerable" title="The Venerable">Venerable</a></i> (stage 2).<sup id="cite_ref-how6191_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-how6191-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further investigation, step 3, may lead to the candidate's <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">beatification</a> with the title <i>Blessed</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-how6191_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-how6191-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is elevation to the class of the <i><a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Beati</a></i>. Next, and at a minimum, proof of two important miracles obtained from God through the intercession of the candidate are required for formal canonization as a saint. Finally, in the last stage, after all of these procedures are complete, the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a> may canonize the candidate as a saint<sup id="cite_ref-how6191_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-how6191-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for veneration by the universal church. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Eastern Orthodoxy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Glorification" title="Glorification">Glorification</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Eastern_Orthodox_saint_titles" title="List of Eastern Orthodox saint titles">List of Eastern Orthodox saint titles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_liturgical_calendar" title="Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar">Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9,_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_12_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B2._%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%2C_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_12_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B2._%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5.jpg/250px-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%2C_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_12_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B2._%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%2C_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_12_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B2._%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%2C_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_12_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B2._%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%2C_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_12_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B2._%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5.jpg/500px-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%2C_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_12_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B2._%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3272" data-file-height="3768" /></a><figcaption><i>Saint</i>, 12th-century fresco in <a href="/wiki/Staraya_Ladoga" title="Staraya Ladoga">Staraya Ladoga</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>, a saint is defined as anyone who is in <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">Heaven</a> besides God, whether recognised here on earth, or not. By this definition, <a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>, the various <a href="/wiki/Prophets_in_Christianity" title="Prophets in Christianity">prophets</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">archangels</a> are all given the title of "Saint". Sainthood does not necessarily reflect a moral model, but communion with God; there are many examples of people who lived in great <a href="/wiki/Sin" title="Sin">sin</a> and became saints by <a href="/wiki/Humility" title="Humility">humility</a> and <a href="/wiki/Repentance" title="Repentance">repentance</a>: Saints <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Egypt" title="Mary of Egypt">Mary of Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moses_the_Ethiopian" class="mw-redirect" title="Moses the Ethiopian">Moses the Ethiopian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dismas" class="mw-redirect" title="Dismas">Dismas</a>, the repentant thief who was crucified with <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>. Therefore, a more complete Orthodox definition of what a saint is, has to do with the way that saints, through their humility and their love of mankind, saved inside them the entire Church, and loved all people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canonization">Canonization</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Canonization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orthodox belief believes that God <a href="/wiki/Revelation" title="Revelation">reveals</a> saints through answered <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">prayers</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Miracle" title="Miracle">miracles</a>. Saints are usually recognised by their local community, often by people who directly knew them. As their popularity grows they are often then recognised by the entire Church through the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a>. The word <i>canonization</i> means that a Christian has been found worthy to have his name placed in the canon (official list) of saints of the Church. The formal process of recognition involves deliberation by a <a href="/wiki/Synod" title="Synod">synod</a> of bishops.<sup id="cite_ref-bebis_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bebis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Orthodox Church does not require the manifestation of miracles, as it does in <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a>; what is required is evidence of a virtuous life and prior <a href="/wiki/Local_veneration" class="mw-redirect" title="Local veneration">local veneration</a> of the saint.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If the ecclesiastical review is successful, this is followed by a service of glorification in which the saint is given a day on the <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical calendar">liturgical calendar</a> to be celebrated by the entire Church.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This does not, however, make the person a saint; the person already was a saint and the Church ultimately recognized it. </p><p>As a general rule, only <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">clergy</a> will touch <a href="/wiki/Relics" class="mw-redirect" title="Relics">relics</a> in order to move them or carry them in procession; however, in <a href="/wiki/Veneration" title="Veneration">veneration</a> the faithful will kiss the relic to show love and respect toward the saint. The <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">altar</a> in an Orthodox Church usually contains relics of saints,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> often of <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyrs</a>. Church interiors are covered with the <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icons</a> of saints. When an Orthodox Christian venerates icons of a saint he is venerating the image of God which he sees in the saint. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Onuphrius_Emmanuel_Tzanes.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Saint_Onuphrius_Emmanuel_Tzanes.png/200px-Saint_Onuphrius_Emmanuel_Tzanes.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Saint_Onuphrius_Emmanuel_Tzanes.png/300px-Saint_Onuphrius_Emmanuel_Tzanes.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Saint_Onuphrius_Emmanuel_Tzanes.png/400px-Saint_Onuphrius_Emmanuel_Tzanes.png 2x" data-file-width="2234" data-file-height="2857" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Onuphrius_(Tzanes)" title="Saint Onuphrius (Tzanes)">Eremitic Saint Onuphrius</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Tzanes" title="Emmanuel Tzanes">Emmanuel Tzanes</a>, 1662</figcaption></figure> <p>Because the Church shows no true distinction between the living and the dead, as the saints are considered to be alive in <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">heaven</a>, saints are referred to as if they are still alive, and are <a href="/wiki/Venerated" class="mw-redirect" title="Venerated">venerated</a>, not <a href="/wiki/Worshipped" class="mw-redirect" title="Worshipped">worshipped</a>. They are believed to be able to <a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_saints" title="Intercession of saints">intercede</a> for the living for <a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">salvation</a> or other requests and help mankind either through direct communion with God or by personal <a href="/wiki/Miraculous" class="mw-redirect" title="Miraculous">miraculous</a> intervention. </p><p>In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the title <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BD%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:ὅσιος">Ὅσιος</a>, <i>Hosios</i> (f. <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Ὁσία</span></span> <i>Hosia</i>) is also used. This is a title attributed to saints who had lived a <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">eremitic</a> life equivalent to the more usual title of "Saint".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oriental_Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Oriental Orthodoxy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox">Oriental Orthodox</a> churches ‒ the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria">Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo" title="Orthodox Tewahedo">Tewahedo Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Syrian_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Malankara Syrian Orthodox Church">Malankara Syrian Orthodox Church</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a> ‒ follow a canonization process unique to each church. The Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, for example, has the requirement that at least 50 years must pass following a prospective saint's death before the Coptic Orthodox Church's <a href="/wiki/Pope_of_the_Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria">pope</a> can canonize the saint. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Anglicanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Saints_in_Anglicanism" title="Saints in Anglicanism">Saints in Anglicanism</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Continuing_Anglicanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Continuing Anglicanism">Continuing Anglican</a> movement, the title of Saint refers to a person who has been elevated by popular opinion as a pious and holy person. The saints are seen as models of holiness to be imitated, and as a "cloud of witnesses" that strengthen and encourage the believer during his or her spiritual journey.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The saints are seen as elder brothers and sisters in Christ. Official Anglican creeds recognize the existence of the saints in heaven. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/High-church" class="mw-redirect" title="High-church">high-church</a> contexts, such as <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholicism" title="Anglo-Catholicism">Anglo-Catholicism</a>, a saint is generally one to whom has been attributed (and who has generally demonstrated) a high level of holiness and <a href="/wiki/Sanctity" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctity">sanctity</a>. In this use, a saint is therefore not merely a <a href="/wiki/Belief" title="Belief">believer</a>, but one who has been transformed by virtue. In <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a>, a saint is a special sign of God's activity. The veneration of saints is sometimes misunderstood to be worship, in which case it is derisively termed "hagiolatry". </p><p>So far as invocation of the saints is concerned,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Thirty-Nine_Articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirty-Nine Articles">Articles of Religion</a> "Of <a href="/wiki/Purgatory" title="Purgatory">Purgatory</a>" condemns "the Romish Doctrine concerning ...(the) Invocation of Saints" as "a fond thing vainly invented, and grounded upon no warranty of Scripture, but rather repugnant to the Word of God". Anglo-Catholics in Anglican provinces using the Articles often make a distinction between a "Romish" and a "Patristic" doctrine concerning the invocation of saints, permitting the latter in accordance with Article XXII. Indeed, the theologian <a href="/w/index.php?title=E._J._Bicknell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E. J. Bicknell (page does not exist)">E. J. Bicknell</a> stated that the Anglican view acknowledges that the term "invocation may mean either of two things: the simple request to a saint for his prayers (intercession), 'ora pro nobis', or a request for some particular benefit. In medieval times the saints had come to be regarded as themselves the authors of blessings. Such a view was condemned but the former was affirmed."<sup id="cite_ref-Sokol2001_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sokol2001-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some Anglicans and Anglican churches, particularly Anglo-Catholics, personally ask prayers of the saints. However, such a practice is seldom found in any official Anglican liturgy. Unusual examples of it are found in The Korean Liturgy 1938, the liturgy of the Diocese of Guiana 1959 and The Melanesian English Prayer Book. </p><p>Anglicans believe that the only effective Mediator between the believer and God the Father, in terms of redemption and salvation, is God the Son, <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a>. Historical Anglicanism has drawn a distinction between the intercession of the saints and the invocation of the saints. The former was generally accepted in Anglican doctrine, while the latter was generally rejected.<sup id="cite_ref-Sokol2001_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sokol2001-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are some, however, in Anglicanism, who do beseech the saints' intercession. Those who beseech the saints to intercede on their behalf make a distinction between <i>mediator</i> and <i>intercessor</i>, and claim that asking for the prayers of the saints is no different in kind than asking for the prayers of living Christians. <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholicism" title="Anglo-Catholicism">Anglican Catholics</a> understand sainthood in a more <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a> way, often praying for intercessions from the saints and celebrating their feast days. </p><p> According to the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>, a saint is one who is sanctified, as it translates in the Authorized King James Version (1611) <a href="/wiki/2_Chronicles" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Chronicles">2 Chronicles</a> 6:41: </p><blockquote> <p>Now therefore arise, O L<span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span> God, into thy resting place, thou, and the ark of thy strength: let thy priests, O L<span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span> God, be clothed with salvation, and let thy saints rejoice in goodness. </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Lutheranism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Lutheran)" title="Calendar of saints (Lutheran)">Calendar of saints (Lutheran)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_calendar_(Lutheran)" title="Liturgical calendar (Lutheran)">Liturgical calendar (Lutheran)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AugsburgConfessionXXIOfTheWorshipoftheSaints.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/AugsburgConfessionXXIOfTheWorshipoftheSaints.JPG/250px-AugsburgConfessionXXIOfTheWorshipoftheSaints.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/AugsburgConfessionXXIOfTheWorshipoftheSaints.JPG/330px-AugsburgConfessionXXIOfTheWorshipoftheSaints.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/AugsburgConfessionXXIOfTheWorshipoftheSaints.JPG/500px-AugsburgConfessionXXIOfTheWorshipoftheSaints.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1198" data-file-height="1196" /></a><figcaption>"Scripture does not teach calling on the saints or pleading for help from them. For it sets before us Christ alone as mediator, atoning sacrifice, high priest, and intercessor."—<a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Confession" title="Augsburg Confession">A.C.</a> Article XXI.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Listopad_-_Kalend%C3%A1%C5%99_koruny_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9_na_oby%C4%8Dejn%C3%BD_rok_1867_-_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Listopad_-_Kalend%C3%A1%C5%99_koruny_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9_na_oby%C4%8Dejn%C3%BD_rok_1867_-_detail.jpg/250px-Listopad_-_Kalend%C3%A1%C5%99_koruny_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9_na_oby%C4%8Dejn%C3%BD_rok_1867_-_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Listopad_-_Kalend%C3%A1%C5%99_koruny_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9_na_oby%C4%8Dejn%C3%BD_rok_1867_-_detail.jpg/330px-Listopad_-_Kalend%C3%A1%C5%99_koruny_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9_na_oby%C4%8Dejn%C3%BD_rok_1867_-_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Listopad_-_Kalend%C3%A1%C5%99_koruny_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9_na_oby%C4%8Dejn%C3%BD_rok_1867_-_detail.jpg/500px-Listopad_-_Kalend%C3%A1%C5%99_koruny_%C4%8Desk%C3%A9_na_oby%C4%8Dejn%C3%BD_rok_1867_-_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1544" data-file-height="754" /></a><figcaption>The month of November in the Czech calendar for 1867 (detail). The calendar of saints is given not only for Catholics, but also for "Protestants".</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran Church</a>, all Christians, whether in Heaven or on Earth, are regarded as saints. However, the church still recognizes and honors specific saints, including some of those recognized by the Catholic Church, but in a qualified way: according to the <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Confession" title="Augsburg Confession">Augsburg Confession</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the term <i>saint</i> is used in the manner of the Catholic Church only insofar as to denote a person who received exceptional grace, was sustained by faith, and whose good works are to be an example to any Christian. Traditional Lutheran belief accounts that prayers <i>to</i> the saints are prohibited, as they are not mediators of redemption.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But, Lutherans do believe that saints pray for the Christian Church in general.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Melanchthon" title="Philip Melanchthon">Philip Melanchthon</a>, the author of the Apology of the Augsburg Confession, approved honoring the saints by saying they are honored in three ways: </p> <dl><dd>1. By thanking God for examples of His mercy;</dd> <dd>2. By using the saints as examples for strengthening our faith; and</dd> <dd>3. By imitating their faith and other virtues.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>The Lutheran Churches also have <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_Saints_(Lutheran)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar of Saints (Lutheran)">liturgical calendars</a> in which they honor individuals as saints. </p><p>The intercession of saints was criticized in the <i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Augsburg_Confession#Article_XXI:_Of_the_Worship_of_the_Saints." class="extiw" title="s:Augsburg Confession">Augsburg Confession, Article XXI: Of the Worship of the Saints</a></i>. This criticism was rebutted by the Catholic side in the <i><a href="/wiki/Confutatio_Augustana" title="Confutatio Augustana">Confutatio Augustana</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which in turn was rebutted by the Lutheran side in the <i>Apology to the Augsburg Confession</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Methodism">Methodism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Methodism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Saints_in_Methodism" title="Saints in Methodism">Saints in Methodism</a></div> <p>While Methodists as a whole do not venerate saints, they do honor and admire them. Methodists believe that all Christians are <i>saints</i>, but mainly use the term to refer to biblical figures, Christian leaders, and martyrs of the faith. Many Methodist churches are named after saints—such as the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve Apostles">Twelve Apostles</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a>, etc.—although most are named after geographical locations associated with an early <a href="/wiki/Methodist_circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist circuit">circuit</a> or prominent location. Methodist congregations observe <a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Day" title="All Saints' Day">All Saints' Day</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many encourage the study of saints, that is, the biographies of holy people. </p><p>The 14th Article of Religion in the <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="United Methodist">United Methodist</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Discipline_(United_Methodist)" title="Book of Discipline (United Methodist)">Book of Discipline</a></i> states: </p> <blockquote><p>The <a href="/wiki/Romish" class="mw-redirect" title="Romish">Romish</a> doctrine concerning purgatory, pardon, worshiping, and adoration, as well of images as of relics, and also invocation of saints, is a fond thing, vainly invented, and grounded upon no warrant of Scripture, but repugnant to the Word of God.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_Protestantism"><span class="anchor" id="Protestantism"></span> Other Protestantism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other Protestantism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In many <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> churches, the word <i>saint</i> is used more generally to refer to anyone who is a Christian. This is similar in usage to <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a>'s numerous references in the New Testament of the Bible.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this sense, anyone who is within the <a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Body of Christ</a> (i.e., a professing Christian) is a saint because of their relationship with Christ Jesus. Many Protestants consider <a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_saints" title="Intercession of saints">intercessory prayers to the saints</a> to be <a href="/wiki/Idolatry" title="Idolatry">idolatry</a>, since what they perceive to be an application of divine worship that should be given only to God himself is being given to other believers, dead or alive.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within some Protestant traditions, <i>saint</i> is also used to refer to any <a href="/wiki/Born_again_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Born again Christianity">born-again Christian</a>. Many emphasize the traditional <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> meaning of the word, preferring to write "saint" to refer to any believer, in continuity with the doctrine of the <a href="/wiki/Priesthood_of_all_believers" title="Priesthood of all believers">priesthood of all believers</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The use of "saint" within <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> (LDS Church) is similar to the Protestant tradition. In the New Testament, saints are all those who have entered into the Christian covenant of baptism. The qualification "latter-day" refers to the doctrine that members are living in the latter days before the <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Coming of Christ">Second Coming of Christ</a>, and is used to distinguish the members of the church, which considers itself the restoration of the ancient Christian church.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Members are therefore often referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Latter-day_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Latter-day Saints">Latter-day Saints</a>" or "LDS", and among themselves as "saints".<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_religions">Other religions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Other religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In some theological literature, the use of the term <i>saint</i> tends to be used in non-Christian contexts as well. In many religions, there are people who have been recognized within their tradition as having fulfilled the highest aspirations of religious teaching. In English, the term <i>saint</i> is often used to translate this idea from many <a href="/wiki/World_religions" title="World religions">world religions</a>. The jewish <i>ḥasīd</i> or <i>tsaddiq</i>, the islamic <i>qidees</i>, the Zoroastrian <i>Fravashi</i>, the Hindu <i>Shadhus</i>, the Buddhist <i>Arahant</i> or <i>Bodhisattva,</i> the Daoist <i>Shengren,</i> the Shinto <i>Kami,</i> and others have all been referred to as saints.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="African_diaspora">African diaspora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: African diaspora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora_religions" title="African diaspora religions">African diaspora religions</a></div> <p>Cuban <a href="/wiki/Santer%C3%ADa" title="Santería">Santería</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">Haitian Vodou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Orisha" title="Trinidad Orisha">Trinidad Orisha-Shango</a>, Brazilian <a href="/wiki/Umbanda" title="Umbanda">Umbanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9" title="Candomblé">Candomblé</a>, and other similar <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">syncretist</a> religions adopted the Catholic saints, or at least the images of the saints, and applied their own spirits/deities to them. They are worshipped in churches (where they appear as saints) and in religious festivals, where they appear as the <a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">deities</a>. The name <i>santería</i> was originally a pejorative term for those whose worship of saints deviated from Catholic norms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buddhism">Buddhism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Buddhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat">Arhat</a></div> <p>Buddhists in both the <a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> traditions hold the <i><a href="/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat">Arhats</a></i> in special esteem, as well as highly developed <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattvas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodhisattvas">Bodhisattvas</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhists</a> hold the <i><a href="/wiki/Tulku" title="Tulku">tulkus</a></i> (reincarnates of deceased eminent practitioners) as living saints on earth.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Druze_faith">Druze faith</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Druze faith"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the <a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Druze" title="Christianity and Druze">Christian influence on Druze faith</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Christian_saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian saints">Christian saints</a> become the <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a>'s favorite venerated figures: <a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a> and Saint <a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Beaurepaire_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beaurepaire-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, in all the villages inhabited by Druzes and Christians in central <a href="/wiki/Mount_Lebanon" title="Mount Lebanon">Mount Lebanon</a> a Christian church or Druze maqam is dedicated to either one of them.<sup id="cite_ref-Beaurepaire_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beaurepaire-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to scholar Ray Jabre Mouawad the Druzes appreciated the two saints for their bravery: <a href="/wiki/Saint_George_and_the_Dragon" title="Saint George and the Dragon">Saint George because he confronted the dragon</a> and Saint Elijah because he competed with the pagan priests of <a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a> and won over them.<sup id="cite_ref-Beaurepaire_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beaurepaire-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In both cases the explanations provided by Christians is that Druzes were attracted to <a href="/wiki/Military_saint" title="Military saint">warrior saints</a> that resemble their own militarized society.<sup id="cite_ref-Beaurepaire_58-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beaurepaire-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hinduism">Hinduism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Hinduism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hindu_saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu saints">Hindu saints</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kanua_Baba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Kanua_Baba.jpg/250px-Kanua_Baba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Kanua_Baba.jpg/330px-Kanua_Baba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Kanua_Baba.jpg/500px-Kanua_Baba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="1048" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of the saintly <a href="/wiki/Kanua_Baba" title="Kanua Baba">Kanua</a>, a Hindu <a href="/wiki/Baba_(honorific)" title="Baba (honorific)">baba</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathura</a>, India, also pictured with a halo encircling his head.</figcaption></figure> <p>Hindu saints are those recognized by <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> as showing a great degree of holiness and sanctity. Hinduism has a long tradition of stories and poetry about saints. There is no formal <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonization</a> process in Hinduism, but over time, many men and women have reached the status of saints among their followers and among Hindus in general. Unlike in Christianity, Hinduism does not canonize people as saints after death, but they can be accepted as saints during their lifetime.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hindu saints have often renounced the world, and are variously called <a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">gurus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu">sadhus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rishi" title="Rishi">rishis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Devarishi" title="Devarishi">devarishis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajarshi" title="Rajarshi">rajarshis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saptarishi" class="mw-redirect" title="Saptarishi">saptarishis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brahmarshi" title="Brahmarshi">brahmarshis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swami" title="Swami">swamis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pandit" title="Pandit">pundits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Purohit" class="mw-redirect" title="Purohit">purohits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pujari" title="Pujari">pujaris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acharya" title="Acharya">acharyas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pravaras" title="Pravaras">pravaras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">yogis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yogini" title="Yogini">yoginis</a>, and other names.<sup id="cite_ref-Rinehart2004_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rinehart2004-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some Hindu saints are given god-like status, being seen as <a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">incarnations</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Devi</a>, and other aspects of the Divine—this can happen during their lifetimes, or sometimes many years after their deaths. This explains another common name for Hindu saints: godmen, is invention of western Abrahamic media to a Pagan Ideas.<sup id="cite_ref-Woodward2001_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodward2001-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wali" title="Wali">Wali</a></div> <p>Besides prophets, according to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, saints possess <a href="/wiki/Barakah" title="Barakah">blessings</a> (Arabic: بركة, "baraka") and can perform <a href="/wiki/Islamic_view_of_miracles" title="Islamic view of miracles">miracles</a> (Arabic: كرامات, <i>Karāmāt</i>). Saints rank lower than <a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">prophets</a>. However, they can intercede for people on the <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Judgment_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Judgment in Islam">Day of Judgment</a>, but their intercession is limited compared to the intercession of the <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Prophet Muhammad</a>. Both the tombs of prophets and saints are visited frequently <i>(<a href="/wiki/Ziyarat" title="Ziyarat">Ziyarat</a>)</i> as well as visiting modern-day living saints. People seek the advice of a saint in their quest for spiritual fulfilment. Unlike saints in Christianity, Muslim saints are said to be given their rank by God and some with public duties are officially acknowledged by their Sheikh with an <i>ijaz</i>a, a verbal and written permission to be a spiritual guide. Unlike prophets, women like <a href="/wiki/Rabia_of_Basra" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabia of Basra">Rabia of Basra</a> were accepted as saints.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saints are recognized as having specific traits they can be identified through. These include: floating lights appearing above their tomb, the body not decaying, a pleasant and miraculous odor coming from the body, appearing in the dreams of others who they pray on behalf of, appearing in two places at once, and having normally impossible knowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Islam has had a rich history of veneration of saints (often called <i><a href="/wiki/Wali" title="Wali">wali</a></i>, which literally means 'Friend [of God]'),<sup id="cite_ref-See_John_Renard_2008_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-See_John_Renard_2008-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which has declined in some parts of the Islamic world in the twentieth century due to the influence of the various streams of <a href="/wiki/Salafism" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafism">Salafism</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>, the veneration of saints became a very common form of devotion early on,<sup id="cite_ref-See_John_Renard_2008_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-See_John_Renard_2008-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and saints came to be defined in the eighth-century as a group of "special people chosen by God and endowed with exceptional gifts, such as the ability to work miracles."<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The classical Sunni scholars came to recognize and honor these individuals as venerable people who were both "loved by God and developed a close relationship of love to Him."<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Belief in the miracles of saints (<i>karāmāt al-awliyāʾ</i>) ... [became a] requirement in Sunni Islam [during the classical period],"<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with even medieval critics of the ubiquitous practice of <a href="/wiki/Ziyara" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziyara">grave visitation</a> like <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Taymiyyah">Ibn Taymiyyah</a> emphatically declaring: "The miracles of saints are absolutely true and correct, and acknowledged by all Muslim scholars. The <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> has pointed to it in different places, <i>"A messenger who has instructed them in scripture and wisdom, and sanctify them." (Qur'an 2:129)</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">sayings of the Prophet</a> have mentioned it, and whoever denies the miraculous power of saints are innovators or following innovators."<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vast majority of saints venerated in the classical Sunni world were the <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufis</a>, who were all Sunni mystics who belonged to one of the <a href="/wiki/Maddhab" class="mw-redirect" title="Maddhab">four orthodox legal schools of Sunni law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Veneration of saints eventually became one of the most widespread Sunni practices for more than a millennium, before it was opposed in the twentieth century by the <a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafi movement</a>, whose various streams regard it as "being both un-Islamic and backwards ... rather than the integral part of Islam which they were for over a millennium."<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a manner similar to the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the specific traditional practices which <a href="/wiki/Salafism" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafism">Salafism</a> has tried to curtail in both <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a> contexts include those of <a href="/wiki/Wali" title="Wali">the veneration of saints</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ziyara" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziyara">visiting their graves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tawassul" title="Tawassul">seeking their intercession</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Relics" class="mw-redirect" title="Relics">honoring their relics</a>. As Christopher Taylor has remarked: "[Throughout Islamic history] a vital dimension of Islamic piety was the veneration of Muslim saints ... [Due, however to] certain strains of thought within the Islamic tradition itself, particularly pronounced in the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries ... [some modern day] Muslims have either resisted acknowledging the existence of Muslim saints altogether or have viewed their presence and veneration as unacceptable deviations."<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite attempts by the Salafis to minimise the importance of saints in Islam, there are many living saints with huge popularity, often with millions of followers, mainly found in the Sufi orders or <i><a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">tariqat</a></i>. They follow the teachings of the <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muhammad</a> and are usually direct descendants of him. They are also scholars of the religion. Well-known modern-day saints include <a href="/wiki/Nazim_Al-Haqqani" title="Nazim Al-Haqqani">Sheikh Nazim al Haqqani</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheikh_Hisham_Kabbani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheikh Hisham Kabbani (page does not exist)">Sheikh Hisham Kabbani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Adil" title="Mehmet Adil">Sheikh Mehmet al Rabbani</a> of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naqshbandi_Sufi_Order&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naqshbandi Sufi Order (page does not exist)">Naqshbandi Sufi Order</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umar_bin_Hafiz" title="Umar bin Hafiz">Habib Umar bin Hafidz</a> of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27Alawi_Tariqat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ba'Alawi Tariqat (page does not exist)">Ba'Alawi Tariqat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Yaqoubi" title="Muhammad al-Yaqoubi">Sheikh Muhammad al-Yaqoubi</a> of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shadhili_Tariqa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shadhili Tariqa (page does not exist)">Shadhili Tariqa</a>. </p><p>Famous Islamic saints in history include <a href="/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi">Rumi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arabi" title="Ibn Arabi">Ibn Arabi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Al Ghazzali</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judaism">Judaism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tzadik" title="Tzadik">Tzadik</a></div> <p>The term <i>Tzadik</i>, 'righteous', and its associated meanings developed in <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">rabbinic thought</a> from its <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmudic</a> contrast with <i><a href="/wiki/Hasid_(term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasid (term)">Ḥasīd</a></i>, 'pious', to its exploration in <a href="/wiki/Musar_literature" title="Musar literature">ethical literature</a>, and its esoteric spiritualization in <a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Ḥasidic Judaism</a>, the institution of the Tzadik assumed central importance, combining former elite mysticism with social movement for the first time. </p><p>In Muslim majority countries, particularly <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, Jewish saint veneration resembles local Muslim practices. However, the ideas and rituals in this specific context are still thoroughly situated within Judaism. The bodies of the saintly dead are treated like <a href="/wiki/Torah_scroll" title="Torah scroll">Torah scrolls</a>, with their shrines being their ark, and pilgrimages taking on the ritual trappings of a Torah service. Icons of saints also are paralleled to Torah scrolls; both are manifestations of the sacred. They are also given frames made from velvet in the same style as Torah mantles, and are physically handled in similar ways. The stories and poems produced about saints match the conventions of other Rabbinic literature. Saints may be venerated by both Jews and Muslims, and are typically Torah scholars, miracle workers, and divine mediators. The similarities of Moroccan Jewish and Muslim practices, including saint veneration, were used by colonial powers to claim Morocco was unified and consisted of a distinct nation, but were not sufficiently united to resist imperialism. Today, these similarities are used to emphasize and display tolerance of religious minorities.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sikhism">Sikhism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sikhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sant_(religion)" title="Sant (religion)">Sant (religion)</a></div> <p>The concept of <i><a href="/wiki/Sant_Mat" title="Sant Mat">sant</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Bhagat" title="Bhagat">bhagat</a></i> is found in North Indian religious thought including <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>, most notably in <a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Sri Guru Granth Sahib Jee</a> . Figures such as <a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Kabir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ravidas" title="Ravidas">Ravidas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namdev" title="Namdev">Namdev</a>, and others are known as <i>Sants</i> or <i>Bhagats</i>. The term <i>Sant</i> is applied in the Sikh and related communities to beings that have attained enlightenment through God realization and spiritual union with God via repeatedly reciting the name of God (<a href="/wiki/Naam_Japo" title="Naam Japo">Naam Japn</a>). Countless names of God exist. In Sikhism, <i>Naam</i> (spiritual internalization of God's name) is commonly attained through the name of <a href="/wiki/Waheguru" title="Waheguru">Waheguru</a>, which translates to "Wondrous Guru". </p><p>Sikhs are encouraged to follow the congregation of a Sant (Sadh Sangat) or "The Company of the Holy". <i>Sants</i> grace the Sadh Sangat with knowledge of the Divine God, and how to take greater steps towards obtaining spiritual enlightenment through <i>Naam</i>. <i>Sants</i> are to be distinguished from "Guru" (such as <a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak</a>) who have compiled the path to God enlightenment in the Sri Guru Granth Sahib. Sikhism states however, that any beings that have become one with God are considered synonymous with God. As such, the fully realized Sant, Guru, and God are considered one.<sup id="cite_ref-Khalsa_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khalsa-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Religious_Movements">New Religious Movements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: New Religious Movements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a> is a new religious movement with a list of saints including individuals such as <a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">Roger Bacon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaczynski_2010_p._265_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaczynski_2010_p._265-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/48px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/64px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_of_saints" title="Communion of saints">Communion of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_advocate" title="Devil's advocate">Devil's advocate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">Hagiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallow" class="mw-redirect" title="Hallow">Hallow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Mar (disambiguation)">Mar (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bodhisattvas" title="List of bodhisattvas">List of bodhisattvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_saints" title="Lists of saints">Lists of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_gurus_and_sants" title="List of Hindu gurus and sants">List of Hindu gurus and sants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sufi_saints" title="List of Sufi saints">List of Sufi saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrology" title="Martyrology">Martyrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sage_(philosophy)" title="Sage (philosophy)">Sage (philosophy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Companions" title="Saint Companions">Saint Companions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_saint" title="Secular saint">Secular saint</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Woodward1996-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Woodward1996_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWoodward1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_L._Woodward" title="Kenneth L. Woodward">Woodward, Kenneth L.</a> (1996). <i>Making Saints</i>. Simon & Sachier. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-81530-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-81530-5"><bdi>978-0-684-81530-5</bdi></a>. <q>Among other Christian churches, the Russian Orthodox retains a vigorous devotion to the saints, especially the early church fathers and martyrs. On rare occasions, new names (usually monks or bishops) are grafted onto their traditional list of saints ... Something like the cult continues among Anglicans and Lutherans, who maintain feast days and calendars of saints. But while the Anglicans have no mechanism for recognizing new saints, the Lutherans from time to time do informally recommend new names (Da Hammarskjold, Dietrick Bonhoeffer, and Pope John XXIII are recent additions) for thanksgiving and remembrance by the faithful. The saint, then, is a familiar figure in all world religions. But only the Roman Catholic Church has a formal, continuous, and highly rationalized process for 'making' saints.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Saints&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Sachier&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-684-81530-5&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bebis-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bebis_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bebis_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBebisn.d." class="citation web cs1">Bebis, George (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goarch.org/resources/saints">"The Lives of the Saints"</a>. <i>Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Greek+Orthodox+Archdiocese+of+America&rft.atitle=The+Lives+of+the+Saints&rft.aulast=Bebis&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goarch.org%2Fresources%2Fsaints&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oca.org/fs/glorification-of-saints">"The Glorification of the Saints in the Orthodox Church"</a>. <i>www.oca.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oca.org&rft.atitle=The+Glorification+of+the+Saints+in+the+Orthodox+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oca.org%2Ffs%2Fglorification-of-saints&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EoR-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EoR_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EoR_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJones2005" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Lindsay, ed. (2005). "Sainthood". <i>Thomson Gale Encyclopedia of Religion</i> (2nd ed.). Macmillan. p. 8033. <q>Historians of religion have liberated the category of sainthood from its narrower Christian associations and have employed the term in a more general way to refer to the state of special holiness that many religions attribute to certain people. The Jewish <i>ḥasīd</i> or <i>tsaddiq</i>, the Muslim <i>waliy</i>, the Zoroastrian <i>fravashi</i>, the Hindu <i>rsi</i> or <i>guru,</i> the Buddhist <i>arahant</i> or <i>bodhisattva,</i> the Daoist <i>shengren,</i> the Shinto <i>kami</i> and others have all been referred to as saints.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sainthood&rft.btitle=Thomson+Gale+Encyclopedia+of+Religion&rft.pages=8033&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saint|Britannica-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Saint|Britannica_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGustav" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mensching" title="Gustav Mensching">Gustav, Mensching</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/saint">"Saint – Encyclopedia Britannica"</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2020</span>. <q>Shintō, the native Japanese religion, is concerned with the veneration of nature and with ancestor worship; it does not have saints according to the standards of ethical perfection or of exceptionally meritorious performance. According to Shintō belief, every person after his death becomes a kami, a supernatural being who continues to have a part in the life of the community, nation, and family. Good men become good and beneficial kamis, bad men become pernicious ones. Being elevated to the status of a divine being is not a privilege peculiar to those with saintly qualities, for evil men also become kamis. There are in Shintō, however, venerated mythical saints—such as Ōkuninushi ("Master of the Great Land") and Sukuma-Bikona (a dwarf deity)—who are considered to be the discoverers and patrons of medicine, magic, and the art of brewing rice.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+%E2%80%93+Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.aulast=Gustav&rft.aufirst=Mensching&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fsaint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ben-Ami1998-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ben-Ami1998_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBen-Ami1998" class="citation book cs1">Ben-Ami, Issachar (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hk9wCuiT7bEC&pg=PA13"><i>Saint Veneration Among the Jews in Morocco</i></a>. Wayne State University Press. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-2198-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-2198-0"><bdi>978-0-8143-2198-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2012</span>. <q>Veneration of saints is a universal phenomenon. All monotheistic and polytheistic creeds contain something of its religious dimension ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saint+Veneration+Among+the+Jews+in+Morocco&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8143-2198-0&rft.aulast=Ben-Ami&rft.aufirst=Issachar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHk9wCuiT7bEC%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oca.org/fs/canonization">"Canonization"</a>. <i>oca.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oca.org&rft.atitle=Canonization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oca.org%2Ffs%2Fcanonization&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-biblepages-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-biblepages_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblepages.net/gg03.htm">"What does the word 'saint' mean in the Bible?"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+does+the+word+%27saint%27+mean+in+the+Bible%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblepages.net%2Fgg03.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coleman, John A. "Conclusion: After sainthood", in Hawley, John Stratton, ed. <i>Saints and Virtues</i> Berkeley: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>, 1987. pp. 214–217. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-06163-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-06163-2">0-520-06163-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Babb, Lawrence A. "Sathya Sai Baba's Saintly Play", in Hawley, John Stratton, ed. <i>Saints and Virtues</i>. Berkeley: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>, 1987. pp. 168–170. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-06163-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-06163-2">0-520-06163-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Francis2018-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Francis2018_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Francis2018_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/apost_exhortations/documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20180319_gaudete-et-exsultate.html">"Gaudete et exsultate: Apostolic Exhortation on the call to holiness in today's world"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>. 19 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gaudete+et+exsultate%3A+Apostolic+Exhortation+on+the+call+to+holiness+in+today%27s+world&rft.pub=Holy+See&rft.date=2018-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fw2.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Ffrancesco%2Fen%2Fapost_exhortations%2Fdocuments%2Fpapa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20180319_gaudete-et-exsultate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKevin_Cotter" class="citation web cs1">Kevin Cotter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://focusoncampus.org/content/how-does-someone-become-a-saint-a-5-step-process">"How Does Someone Become a Saint? A 5-Step Process"</a>. <i>focusoncampus, CHURCH</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=focusoncampus%2C+CHURCH&rft.atitle=How+Does+Someone+Become+a+Saint%3F+A+5-Step+Process&rft.au=Kevin+Cotter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffocusoncampus.org%2Fcontent%2Fhow-does-someone-become-a-saint-a-5-step-process&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19991013120338/http://www.catholic-pages.com/saints/explained.asp"><i>What is a saint? Vatican Information Service</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic-pages.com/saints/explained.asp">the original</a> on 13 October 1999</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+is+a+saint%3F+Vatican+Information+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic-pages.com%2Fsaints%2Fexplained.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cat2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cat2_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/p123a9p5.htm">"Catechism of the Catholic Church (Second Edition)"</a>. Scborromeo.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catechism+of+the+Catholic+Church+%28Second+Edition%29&rft.pub=Scborromeo.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scborromeo.org%2Fccc%2Fp123a9p5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Catechism of the Catholic Church</i> Chapter 2, Article 1, 61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Saint of the Day</i>, edited by Leonard Foley, OFM, (Cincinnati: St. Anthony Messenger Press, 2003), xvi. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86716-535-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-86716-535-9">0-86716-535-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kofc.org/un/catechism/getsection.action?part=1&sec=2&chap=3&art=9&parasec=3&subsec=2&hdr=0&par=828&paratype=a"><i>Catechism of the Catholic Church</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110812112425/http://www.kofc.org/un/catechism/getsection.action?part=1&sec=2&chap=3&art=9&parasec=3&subsec=2&hdr=0&par=828&paratype=a">Archived</a> 12 August 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_Columbus" title="Knights of Columbus">Knights of Columbus</a> site</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lr12-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lr12_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lr12_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lr12_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Luscombe, David and Riley-Smith, Jonathan. 2004. <i>New Cambridge Medieval History: c.1024–c.1198</i>, Volume 5. p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smith-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-smith_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smith_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">William Smith, Samuel Cheetham, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/adictionarychri00cheegoog">A Dictionary of Christian Antiquities</a></i> (Murray, 1875), 283.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saint-mike.org/library/papal_library/AlexanderIII/biography.html">"Alexander III"</a>. <i>Saint-mike.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Saint-mike.org&rft.atitle=Alexander+III&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saint-mike.org%2Flibrary%2Fpapal_library%2FAlexanderIII%2Fbiography.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081214112751/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,862347,00.html">"Religion: 2,565 Saints"</a>. <i>Time</i>. 6 August 1956. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,862347,00.html">the original</a> on 14 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Religion%3A+2%2C565+Saints&rft.date=1956-08-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C862347%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/keeping-saints-alive/">"Keeping Saints Alive"</a>. <i>CBS News</i>. 4 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Keeping+Saints+Alive&rft.date=2010-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fkeeping-saints-alive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic.com/library/Intercession_of_the_Saints.asp">The Intercession of the Saints</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090619002648/http://www.catholic.com/library/Intercession_of_the_Saints.asp">Archived</a> 19 June 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on Catholic.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Patron_Saints" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Patron Saints">Patron Saints</a> from Catholic Encyclopedia (1913) on Wikisource.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Acts of the Apostles</i>, 19: 11–2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-50032640">"Cardinal Newman declared a saint by the Pope"</a>. 13 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cardinal+Newman+declared+a+saint+by+the+Pope&rft.date=2019-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-50032640&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jenna Russell, "Marshfield man's prayer an answer in sainthood query", <i>The Boston Globe</i>, 28 April 2009, B1, 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newadv-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-newadv_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newadv_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12734a.htm">"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Relics"</a>. <i>www.newadvent.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newadvent.org&rft.atitle=CATHOLIC+ENCYCLOPEDIA%3A+Relics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F12734a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/saints/index_saints_en.html">Table of the Canonizations during the Pontificate of His Holiness John Paul II</a> on Vatican.va</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mic.com/articles/53125/john-paul-ii-sainthood-4-steps-to-becoming-a-catholic-saint">"John Paul II Sainthood: 4 Steps to Becoming a Catholic Saint"</a>. <i>Mic</i>. 6 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mic&rft.atitle=John+Paul+II+Sainthood%3A+4+Steps+to+Becoming+a+Catholic+Saint&rft.date=2013-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mic.com%2Farticles%2F53125%2Fjohn-paul-ii-sainthood-4-steps-to-becoming-a-catholic-saint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201030024209/https://www.catholichawaii.org/media/314379/canonization_4_steps_to_becoming_a_saint.pdf">"4 Steps to Becoming a Saint"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholichawaii.org/media/314379/canonization_4_steps_to_becoming_a_saint.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=4+Steps+to+Becoming+a+Saint&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholichawaii.org%2Fmedia%2F314379%2Fcanonization_4_steps_to_becoming_a_saint.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-how6191-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-how6191_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-how6191_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-how6191_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-how6191_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.howstuffworks.com/question6191.htm">"The Steps of Canonization"</a>. <i>HowStuffWorks</i>. 20 April 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HowStuffWorks&rft.atitle=The+Steps+of+Canonization&rft.date=2001-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeople.howstuffworks.com%2Fquestion6191.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goarch.org/-/the-saints-of-the-orthodox-church">"The Saints of the Orthodox Church"</a>. <i>Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Greek+Orthodox+Archdiocese+of+America&rft.atitle=The+Saints+of+the+Orthodox+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goarch.org%2F-%2Fthe-saints-of-the-orthodox-church&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frawley J <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oca.org/FS.NA-Document.asp?ID=83">The Glorification of the Saints in the Orthodox Church</a></i> at Orthodox Church in America, Syosset, New York</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hopko T "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oca.org/orthodoxy/the-orthodox-faith/worship/the-church-building/altar-table">The Orthodox Faith</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCotsonis1994" class="citation book cs1">Cotsonis, John A. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vhGH8gRUYyUC&dq=Hosios+saint&pg=PA70"><i>Byzantine Figural Processional Crosses</i></a>. Dumbarton Oaks. p. 70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780884022282" title="Special:BookSources/9780884022282"><bdi>9780884022282</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantine+Figural+Processional+Crosses&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780884022282&rft.aulast=Cotsonis&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvhGH8gRUYyUC%26dq%3DHosios%2Bsaint%26pg%3DPA70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Hebrews#12:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Hebrews">Hebrews 12:1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eskimo.com/~lhowell/bcp1662/articles/articles.html#22">"Article XXII"</a>. Eskimo.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Article+XXII&rft.pub=Eskimo.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eskimo.com%2F~lhowell%2Fbcp1662%2Farticles%2Farticles.html%2322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sokol2001-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sokol2001_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sokol2001_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSokol2001" class="citation book cs1">Sokol, David F. (2001). <i>The Anglican Prayer Life: Ceum Na Corach', the True Way</i>. iUniverse. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-595-19171-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-595-19171-0"><bdi>978-0-595-19171-0</bdi></a>. <q>In 1556 Article XXII in part read ... "The Romish doctrine concerning ... invocation of saints, is a fond thing vainly invented, and grounded upon no warranty of Scripture, but rather repugnant to the word of God." The term "doctrina Romanensium" or Romish doctrine was substituted for the "doctrina scholasticorum" of the doctrine of the school authors in 1563 to bring the condemnation up to date subsequent to the Council of Trent. As E. J. Bicknell writes, invocation may mean either of two things: the simple request to a saint for his prayers (intercession), 'ora pro nobis', or a request for some particular benefit. In medieval times the saints had come to be regarded as themselves the authors of blessings. Such a view was condemned but the former was affirmed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anglican+Prayer+Life%3A+Ceum+Na+Corach%27%2C+the+True+Way&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-595-19171-0&rft.aulast=Sokol&rft.aufirst=David+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ig5PF6Tf07UC&pg=PA59&dq">Augsburg Confession, Article 21, "Of the Worship of the Saints"</a>. trans. Kolb, R., Wengert, T., and Arand, C. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A Confession of Faith Presented in Augsburg by certain Princes and Cities to His Imperial Majesty Charles V in the Year 1530</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Apology_of_the_Augsburg_Confession" title="Apology of the Augsburg Confession">Apology of the Augsburg Confession</a> XXI 14–30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Smalcald_Articles" title="Smalcald Articles">Smalcald Articles</a>-II 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Apology_of_the_Augsburg_Confession" title="Apology of the Augsburg Confession">Apology of the Augsburg Confession</a> XXI 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Apology_of_the_Augsburg_Confession" title="Apology of the Augsburg Confession">Apology of the Augsburg Confession</a> XXI 4–7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=s&word=SAINTS.VENERATIONOF">"Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod – Christian Cyclopedia"</a>. <i>lcms.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lcms.org&rft.atitle=Lutheran+Church+%E2%80%93+Missouri+Synod+%E2%80%93+Christian+Cyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcyclopedia.lcms.org%2Fdisplay.asp%3Ft1%3Ds%26word%3DSAINTS.VENERATIONOF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Confession" title="Augsburg Confession">Augsburg Confession</a> XXI 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bookofconcord.org/confutatio.php#article21">"1530 Roman Confutation"</a>. <i>bookofconcord.org</i>. 28 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bookofconcord.org&rft.atitle=1530+Roman+Confutation&rft.date=2019-12-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbookofconcord.org%2Fconfutatio.php%23article21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Apology to the Augsburg Confession, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bookofconcord.org/defense_20_saints.php#article21">Article XXI : Of the Invocation of Saints</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.methodist.org.uk/our-faith/the-bible/a-word-in-time/2016/30-october-5-november-2016/tuesday/">"Daily Bible Study"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_in_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist Church in Britain">Methodist Church in Britain</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2019</span>. <q>[T]day we reach one of the high points of the Christian Year – All Saints Day.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Daily+Bible+Study&rft.pub=Methodist+Church+in+Britain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.methodist.org.uk%2Four-faith%2Fthe-bible%2Fa-word-in-time%2F2016%2F30-october-5-november-2016%2Ftuesday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Book of Discipline of the United Methodist Church</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cokesbury" title="Cokesbury">Cokesbury</a>. 2016. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-501-83321-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-501-83321-2"><bdi>978-1-501-83321-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Discipline+of+the+United+Methodist+Church&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Cokesbury&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-501-83321-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/manual/new-testament-gospel-doctrine-teachers-manual/lesson-36-beloved-of-god-called-to-be-saints">"Beloved of God, Called to Be Saints"</a>, <i>New Testament Gospel Doctrine Teacher's Manual</i>. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah. p. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philvaz.com/apologetics/p38.htm">"The Sin of Idolatry and the Catholic Concept of Iconic Participation"</a>. Philvaz.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Sin+of+Idolatry+and+the+Catholic+Concept+of+Iconic+Participation&rft.pub=Philvaz.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philvaz.com%2Fapologetics%2Fp38.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith_Jr" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Smith Jr">Smith, Joseph Jr</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000817204117/http://www.lds.org/library/display/0,4945,106-1-2-1,FF.html">"Pearl of Great Price"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lds.org/library/display/0,4945,106-1-2-1,FF.html">the original</a> on 17 August 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pearl+of+Great+Price&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Jr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flds.org%2Flibrary%2Fdisplay%2F0%2C4945%2C106-1-2-1%2CFF.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Russell Ballard, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/general-conference/2007/10/faith-family-facts-and-fruits?lang=eng">"Faith, Family, Facts, and Fruits"</a>, <i>Ensign</i>, Nov 2007, 25–27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLindsay_Jones2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lindsay Jones, ed. (2005). <i>Thomson Gale Encyclopedia of Religion</i> (in Tajik). Vol. Sainthood (Second ed.). Macmillan Reference USA. p. 8033.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomson+Gale+Encyclopedia+of+Religion&rft.pages=8033&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Macmillan+Reference+USA&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ray, Reginald A. "Some Aspects of the Tulku Trrdition in Tibet". <i>The Tibet Journal</i>, vol. 11, no. 4, 1986, pp. 35–69. <i>JSTOR</i>, www.jstor.org/stable/43300222. Accessed 14 August 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beaurepaire-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beaurepaire_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beaurepaire_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beaurepaire_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beaurepaire_58-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeaurepaire2017" class="citation book cs1">Beaurepaire, Pierre-Yves (2017). <i>Religious Interactions in Europe and the Mediterranean World: Coexistence and Dialogue from the 12th to the 20th Centuries</i>. Taylor & Francis. pp. <span class="nowrap">310–</span>314. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351722179" title="Special:BookSources/9781351722179"><bdi>9781351722179</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Interactions+in+Europe+and+the+Mediterranean+World%3A+Coexistence+and+Dialogue+from+the+12th+to+the+20th+Centuries&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E310-%3C%2Fspan%3E314&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781351722179&rft.aulast=Beaurepaire&rft.aufirst=Pierre-Yves&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBhaskarananda2002" class="citation book cs1">Bhaskarananda, Swami (2002). <i>The Essentials of Hinduism</i>. Seattle: The Vedanta Society of Western Washington. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-884852-04-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-884852-04-6"><bdi>978-1-884852-04-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Essentials+of+Hinduism&rft.place=Seattle&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=The+Vedanta+Society+of+Western+Washington&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-884852-04-6&rft.aulast=Bhaskarananda&rft.aufirst=Swami&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rinehart2004-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rinehart2004_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobin_Rinehart2004" class="citation book cs1">Robin Rinehart (1 January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hMPYnfS_R90C&pg=PA88"><i>Contemporary Hinduism: Ritual, Culture, and Practice</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. <span class="nowrap">87–</span>90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-905-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-905-8"><bdi>978-1-57607-905-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Hinduism%3A+Ritual%2C+Culture%2C+and+Practice&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E87-%3C%2Fspan%3E90&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-905-8&rft.au=Robin+Rinehart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhMPYnfS_R90C%26pg%3DPA88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woodward2001-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Woodward2001_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKenneth_L._Woodward2001" class="citation book cs1">Kenneth L. Woodward (10 July 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e951hHwu3X0C&pg=PA267"><i>The Book of Miracles: The Meaning of the Miracle Stories in Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam</i></a>. Simon & Schuster. p. 267. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-0029-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-0029-5"><bdi>978-0-7432-0029-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Miracles%3A+The+Meaning+of+the+Miracle+Stories+in+Christianity%2C+Judaism%2C+Buddhism%2C+Hinduism+and+Islam&rft.pages=267&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2001-07-10&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-0029-5&rft.au=Kenneth+L.+Woodward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De951hHwu3X0C%26pg%3DPA267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josef W. Meri <i>The Cult of Saints among Muslims and Jews in Medieval Syria</i> OUP Oxford, 14.11.2002 isbn 9780191554735 pp. 60-81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWinkler" class="citation book cs1">Winkler, Hans Alexander. <i>Ghost Riders of Upper Egypt</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ghost+Riders+of+Upper+Egypt&rft.aulast=Winkler&rft.aufirst=Hans+Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-See_John_Renard_2008-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-See_John_Renard_2008_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-See_John_Renard_2008_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">See John Renard, <i>Friends of God: Islamic Images of Piety, Commitment, and Servanthood</i> (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008); Idem., <i>Tales of God Friends: Islamic Hagiography in Translation</i> (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Radtke, B., "Saint", in: Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān, General Editor: Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Georgetown University, Washington DC.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jonathan A. C. Brown, "Faithful Dissenters: Sunni Skepticism about the Miracles of Saints", <i>Journal of Sufi Studies</i> 1 (2012), p. 123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ibn Taymiyyah, <i>Mukhtasar al-Fatawa al-Masriyya</i> (al-Madani Publishing House, 1980), p. 603</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Renard, <i>Friends of God: Islamic Images of Piety, Commitment, and Servanthood</i> (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Juan Eduardo Campo, <i>Encyclopedia of Islam</i> (New York: Infobase Publishing, 2009), p. 600</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Jonathan A. C. Brown, <i>Misquoting Muhammad</i> (London: Oneworld Publications, 2015), p. 254</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christopher Taylor, <i>In the Vicinity of the Righteous</i> (Leiden: Brill, 1999), pp. 5–6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beyond Exoticism and Syncretism: Situating Moroccan Pilgrimage in Jewish Studies by Oren Kosansky </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khalsa-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Khalsa_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKhalsa,_Sant_Singh2007" class="citation book cs1">Khalsa, Sant Singh (2007). <i>Sri Guru Granth Sahib: English Translation of Sri Guru Granth Sahib</i>. Arizona: Hand Made Books (Mandeep Singh). pp. <span class="nowrap">12–</span>263.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sri+Guru+Granth+Sahib%3A+English+Translation+of+Sri+Guru+Granth+Sahib&rft.place=Arizona&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E12-%3C%2Fspan%3E263&rft.pub=Hand+Made+Books+%28Mandeep+Singh%29&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Khalsa%2C+Sant+Singh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaczynski_2010_p._265-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kaczynski_2010_p._265_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKaczynski2010" class="citation book cs1">Kaczynski, R. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HlEvfflQZbIC&pg=PA265"><i>Perdurabo, Revised and Expanded Edition: The Life of Aleister Crowley</i></a>. North Atlantic Books. p. 265. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55643-899-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55643-899-8"><bdi>978-1-55643-899-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perdurabo%2C+Revised+and+Expanded+Edition%3A+The+Life+of+Aleister+Crowley&rft.pages=265&rft.pub=North+Atlantic+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-55643-899-8&rft.aulast=Kaczynski&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHlEvfflQZbIC%26pg%3DPA265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Beyer, Jürgen, et al., eds. <i>Confessional sanctity (c. 1550 – c. 1800)</i>. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern, 2003.</li> <li>Cunningham, Lawrence S. <i>The Meaning of Saints</i>. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1980.</li> <li>Hawley, John Stratton, ed. <i>Saints and Virtues</i>. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-06163-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-06163-2">0-520-06163-2</a>.</li> <li>Hein, David. "Saints: Holy, Not Tame". <i>Sewanee Theological Review</i> 49 (2006): 204–217.</li> <li>Jean-Luc Deuffic (ed.), <i>Reliques et sainteté dans l'espace médiéval</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pecia.fr/#/pecia-8-11/3544065">L'expert de la décoration haut de gamme</a></li> <li>O'Malley, Vincent J. <i>Ordinary Suffering of Extraordinary Saints</i>, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87973-893-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-87973-893-6">0-87973-893-6</a>.</li> <li>Perham, Michael. <i>The Communion of Saints</i>. London: Alcuin Club/SPCK, 1980.</li> <li>Woodward, Kenneth L. <i>Making Saints</i>. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDelehaye1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Delehaye" title="Hippolyte Delehaye">Delehaye, Hippolyte</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Saint"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Saint">"Saint" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). pp. <span class="nowrap">1010–</span>1011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Saint&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1010-%3C%2Fspan%3E1011&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Delehaye&rft.aufirst=Hippolyte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Gallick, Sarah (2014). <i>50 Saints Everyone Should Know</i>. Wise Media Group. <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B007UI2LDE">B007UI2LDE</a>. E-book.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHebert2004" class="citation book cs1">Hebert, Alber (15 October 2004). <i>Saints Who Raised the Dead: True Stories of 400 Resurrection Miracles</i>. Illinois: TAN Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89555-798-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89555-798-8"><bdi>978-0-89555-798-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saints+Who+Raised+the+Dead%3A+True+Stories+of+400+Resurrection+Miracles&rft.place=Illinois&rft.pub=TAN+Books&rft.date=2004-10-15&rft.isbn=978-0-89555-798-8&rft.aulast=Hebert&rft.aufirst=Alber&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTrigilioBrighenti2010" class="citation book cs1">Trigilio, John; Brighenti, Kenneth (2010). <i>Saints for Dummies</i>. Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-53358-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-53358-1"><bdi>978-0-470-53358-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saints+for+Dummies&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-470-53358-1&rft.aulast=Trigilio&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Brighenti%2C+Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Saints" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Saints">Saints</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/saint" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/saint">saint</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saints.sqpn.com/today-on-the-calendar/">Today's Saints on the Calendar</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saintsbooks.net/BooksList.html#General">Saints' Books Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oodegr.com/english/istorika/britain/British_saints.htm">Orthodox Saints and Martyrs of the Ancient Church</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15324coll10/id/1245/rec/420">Saints and Their Legends: A Selection of Saints</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.om-guru.com/">Biographies of Saints and Gurus in the Indian Tradition</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/wiki/Lists_of_Christians" title="Lists of Christians">Lists of Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_by_country" title="Christianity by country">By country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_texts#Christianity" title="List of religious texts">(Scriptures)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foundations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_(congregation)" title="Church (congregation)">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_gospel" title="The gospel">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Christian tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Christianity" title="Timeline of Christianity">timeline</a>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Christianity" title="Spread of Christianity">spread</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early<br />Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">in Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Jesus" title="Chronology of Jesus">Chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic fathers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_as_the_Roman_state_religion" title="Christianity as the Roman state religion">State church of the Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian biblical canon">Christian biblical canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Modern era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto-da-f%C3%A9" title="Auto-da-fé">Auto-da-fé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Islam" title="Christianity and Islam">Relations with Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_influences_on_the_Islamic_world" title="Christian influences on the Islamic world">Influences</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denominations</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">list</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations_by_number_of_members" title="List of Christian denominations by number of members">members</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palmarian_Catholic_Church" title="Palmarian Catholic Church">Palmarian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East (Nestorian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a></li> <li><span title="Tagalog-language text"><span lang="tl" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Theology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ablution_in_Christianity" title="Ablution in Christianity">Ablution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Christianity" title="Angels in Christianity">Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">Born again</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_apathy" title="Divine apathy">Divine apathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiology" title="Ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Body of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">Canon law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Christianity" title="Faith in Christianity">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_man" title="Fall of man">Fall of man</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_fruit" title="Forbidden fruit">Forbidden fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgement" class="mw-redirect" title="Last Judgement">Final Judgement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_works" title="Good works">Good works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaven_in_Christianity" title="Heaven in Christianity">Heaven</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hell_in_Christianity" title="Hell in Christianity">Hell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_water" title="Holy water">Holy water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hygiene_in_Christianity" title="Hygiene in Christianity">Hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Kingdom of God (Christianity)">Kingdom of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Eastern Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_liturgy" title="Protestant liturgy">Protestant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love" title="Love">Love</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Love_of_Christ" title="Love of Christ">of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_of_God" title="Love of God">of God</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology" title="Mariology">Mariology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortification_(theology)" title="Mortification (theology)">Mortification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mortification_in_Catholic_theology" title="Mortification in Catholic theology">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortification_of_the_flesh" title="Mortification of the flesh">Of the flesh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_covenant" title="Mosaic covenant">Old Covenant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_the_Old_Covenant" title="Christian views on the Old Covenant">Views</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_prayer" title="Christian prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repentance" title="Repentance">Repentance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">Sacraments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_sick" title="Anointing of the sick">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders" title="Holy orders">Holy orders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_sin" title="Christian views on sin">Sin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eternal_sin" title="Eternal sin">Eternal sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortal_sin" title="Mortal sin">Mortal sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sins_that_cry_to_Heaven_for_Vengeance" title="Sins that cry to Heaven for Vengeance">Sins that cry to Heaven for Vengeance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_deadly_sins" title="Seven deadly sins">Seven deadly sins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venial_sin" title="Venial sin">Venial sin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tradition" title="Sacred tradition">Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_values" title="Christian values">Values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice" title="Vice">Vice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_of_mercy" title="Works of mercy">Works of mercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_ethics" title="Christian ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_science" title="Christianity and science">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_evolution_by_religious_groups" title="Rejection of evolution by religious groups">Evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_mortgage" title="Social mortgage">Social mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_destination_of_goods" title="Universal destination of goods">Universal destination of goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_poverty_and_wealth" title="Christian views on poverty and wealth">Views on poverty and wealth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Option_for_the_poor" title="Option for the poor">Option for the poor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worldview" title="Christian worldview">Worldview</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_alcohol" title="Christian views on alcohol">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_architecture" title="Church architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_cathedrals_and_great_churches" title="Architecture of cathedrals and great churches">Architecture of cathedrals and great churches</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_art_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marian art in the Catholic Church">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trinity_in_art" title="The Trinity in art">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father_in_Western_art" title="God the Father in Western art">God the Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christian_art" title="Holy Spirit in Christian art">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atonement" title="Atonement">Atonement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">Church buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cathedrals" title="Lists of cathedrals">Lists of cathedrals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifix" title="Crucifix">Crucifix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupio_dissolvi" title="Cupio dissolvi">Cupio dissolvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">Evangelism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catechesis" title="Catechesis">Catechesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catechism" title="Catechism">Catechism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">Catholic priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk Christianity">Folk Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-air_preaching" title="Open-air preaching">Open-air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastor" title="Pastor">Pastor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallen_woman" title="Fallen woman">Fallen woman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magdalene_asylum" class="mw-redirect" title="Magdalene asylum">Magdalene asylum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Flag" title="Christian Flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagellant" title="Flagellant">Flagellant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forgiveness" title="Forgiveness">Forgiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_literature" title="Christian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">Marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Catholic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chant" title="Chant">Chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">Choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymn" title="Hymn">Hymn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introit" title="Introit">Introit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_music" title="Contemporary Christian music">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm" class="mw-redirect" title="Psalm">Psalm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requiem" title="Requiem">Requiem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mythology" title="Christian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_piety" title="Popular piety">Popular piety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemptive_suffering" title="Redemptive suffering">Redemptive suffering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-flagellation" title="Self-flagellation">Self-flagellation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_cross" title="Sign of the cross">Sign of the cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_symbolism" title="Christian symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_movements" title="List of Christian movements">Movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">Evangelism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Mission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_environmentalism" title="Christian views on environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_existentialism" title="Christian existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Left</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a 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Council of Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Evangelical_Alliance" title="World Evangelical Alliance">World Evangelical Alliance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Islam" title="Christianity and Islam">... and Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_other_religions" title="Christianity and other religions">... and other religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_violence" title="Christianity and violence">... and violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">... as an ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Anti-Christian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">Christian universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity" title="Criticism of Christianity">Criticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Jesus" title="Criticism of Jesus">Jesus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Christians" title="Cultural Christians">Cultural Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_and_evil" title="Good and evil">Good and evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Apostasy" title="Great Apostasy">Great Apostasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle" title="Miracle">Miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nominal_Christian" title="Nominal Christian">Nominal Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_love" title="Religious views on love">Religious views on love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role of Christianity in civilization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianization" title="Christianization">Christianization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Christians" title="Cultural Christians">Cultural Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Christianity" title="Spread of Christianity">Spread</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlimited_atonement" title="Unlimited atonement">Unlimited atonement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_homosexuality" title="Christianity and homosexuality">Views on homosexuality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/20px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/40px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Christianity" title="Category:Christianity">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Topics_about_Saints132" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Saints" title="Template:Saints"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Saints" title="Template talk:Saints"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Saints" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Saints"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Topics_about_Saints132" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topics about <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saints</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_calendar" title="Tridentine calendar">Tridentine calendar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_liturgical_calendar" title="Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar">Eastern Orthodox calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Anglican_Church_calendars" title="List of Anglican Church calendars">Anglican calendars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Lutheran)" title="Calendar of saints (Lutheran)">Lutheran calendar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folk_saint" title="Folk saint">Folk saint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal-to-apostles" title="Equal-to-apostles">Equal-to-apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">Relic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catacomb_saints" title="Catacomb saints">Catacomb saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translation_(relic)" title="Translation (relic)">Translation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">Hagiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_saints" title="Lists of saints">Lists of saints</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_child_saints" title="List of child saints">Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eastern_Orthodox_saints" title="List of Eastern Orthodox saints">Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eastern_Orthodox_saint_titles" title="List of Eastern Orthodox saint titles">Titles</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_symbolism" title="Saint symbolism">Symbology of the Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_in_Protestantism" class="mw-redirect" title="Saints in Protestantism">Saints in Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levitation_of_saints" title="Levitation of saints">Levitation of saints</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communion_of_saints" title="Communion of saints">Communion of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration" title="Veneration">Veneration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_saints" title="Intercession of saints">Intercession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_for_the_dead" title="Prayer for the dead">Prayer for the dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Confessors" title="List of Confessors">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">Martyrs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_martyrs" title="Lists of martyrs">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_martyrs" title="List of Christian martyrs">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christians_martyred_during_the_reign_of_Diocletian" title="List of Christians martyred during the reign of Diocletian">Diocletian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_bearer" title="Passion bearer">Passion bearers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patron saint</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patron_saints_of_places" title="Patron saints of places">Places</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology" title="Mariology">Mariology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">Canonization</a> process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" title="Dicastery for the Causes of Saints">Dicastery for the Causes of Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Servants_of_God" title="List of Servants of God">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Venerable" title="The Venerable">The Venerable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_venerated_Catholics" title="List of venerated Catholics">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Beatification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beatified_people" title="List of beatified people">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equivalent_canonization" title="Equivalent canonization">Equivalent canonization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostle" title="Apostle">Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Companions" title="Saint Companions">Companions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Martyrology" title="Roman Martyrology">Roman Martyrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_in_Anglicanism" title="Saints in Anglicanism">Saints in Anglicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_in_Methodism" title="Saints in Methodism">Saints in Methodism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patristics" title="Patristics">Patristics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_early_Christian_writers" title="List of early Christian writers">Early Christian writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Church_Fathers" title="List of Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_women_of_the_patristic_age" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Christian women of the patristic age">Women of the patristic age</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">Prophet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church1047" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_saints" title="Template talk:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church1047" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Saints of the Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" title="Dicastery for the Causes of Saints">Dicastery for the Causes of Saints</a><br />Stages of <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonization</a>: <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God#Catholic_Church" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/The_Venerable#Christianity" title="The Venerable">Venerable</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Blessed</a>   →   <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saint</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Virgin Mary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God (Theotokos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Marian apparition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of Mary">Titles of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (husband)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">Bartholomew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James of Alphaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Saint Michael in the Catholic Church">in the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Kiev" title="Anthony of Kiev">Anthony of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariton_the_Confessor" title="Chariton the Confessor">Chariton the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Borgia" title="Francis Borgia">Francis Borgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Homobonus" title="Saint Homobonus">Homobonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Zographos" title="Lazarus Zographos">Lazarus Zographos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bertrand_(saint)" title="Louis Bertrand (saint)">Louis Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_of_Synnada" title="Michael of Synnada">Michael of Synnada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutius_of_Thebes" title="Paphnutius of Thebes">Paphnutius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Constantinople" title="Paul I of Constantinople">Paul I of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Claver" title="Peter Claver">Peter Claver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salonius" title="Salonius">Salonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_of_Radonezh" title="Sergius of Radonezh">Sergius of Radonezh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padre_Pio" title="Padre Pio">Pio of Pietrelcina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollos" title="Apollos">Apollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary of Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Priscilla and Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silvanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Titus" title="Saint Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede the Venerable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Damian" title="Peter Damian">Peter Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsus_Liguori" title="Alphonsus Liguori">Alphonsus Liguori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">Anthony of Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" title="Lawrence of Brindisi">Lawrence of Brindisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Thérèse of Lisieux">Thérèse of Lisieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_%C3%81vila" title="John of Ávila">John of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Narek" title="Gregory of Narek">Gregory of Narek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church<br />Fathers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Alexander I of Alexandria">Alexander of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Jerusalem" title="Alexander of Jerusalem">Alexander of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose of Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarius_of_Arles" title="Caesarius of Arles">Caesarius of Arles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caius_(presbyter)" title="Caius (presbyter)">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Fathers" title="Cappadocian Fathers">Cappadocian Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian of Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Fathers" title="Desert Fathers">Desert Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Mothers" title="Desert Mothers">Desert Mothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dionysius of Alexandria">Dionysius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Corinth" title="Dionysius of Corinth">Dionysius of Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius of Salamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulgentius_of_Ruspe" title="Fulgentius of Ruspe">Fulgentius of Ruspe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus of Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome of Stridonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melito_of_Sardis" title="Melito of Sardis">Melito of Sardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadratus_of_Athens" title="Quadratus of Athens">Quadratus of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papias_of_Hierapolis" title="Papias of Hierapolis">Papias of Hierapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp of Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_of_Antioch" title="Theophilus of Antioch">Theophilus of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorinus_of_Pettau" title="Victorinus of Pettau">Victorinus of Pettau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_of_L%C3%A9rins" title="Vincent of Lérins">Vincent of Lérins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abda_and_Abdisho" title="Abda and Abdisho">Abda and Abdisho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_and_Gleb" title="Boris and Gleb">Boris and Gleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Foucauld" title="Charles de Foucauld">Charles de Foucauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Martyrs" title="Canadian Martyrs">Canadian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Martyrs" title="Carthusian Martyrs">Carthusian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Martyrs_of_Tlaxcala" title="Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala">Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Persia" title="Christina of Persia">Christina of Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominguito_del_Val" title="Dominguito del Val">Dominguito del Val</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasahayam_Pillai" title="Devasahayam Pillai">Devasahayam Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitent_thief" title="Penitent thief">Dismas the Good Thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Martyrs_of_England_and_Wales" title="Forty Martyrs of England and Wales">Forty Martyrs of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Crowned_Martyrs" title="Four Crowned Martyrs">Four Crowned Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_of_Csan%C3%A1d" title="Gerard of Csanád">Gerard of Csanád</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_martyr" title="Great martyr">Great Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">The Holy Innocents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholic_Martyrs" title="Irish Catholic Martyrs">Irish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Martyrs" title="Korean Martyrs">Korean Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz" title="Lorenzo Ruiz">Lorenzo Ruiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck_martyrs" title="Lübeck martyrs">Martyrs of Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Versiglia" title="Luigi Versiglia">Luigi Versiglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrology" title="Martyrology">Martyrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Albania" title="Martyrs of Albania">Martyrs of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_martyrs_of_Algeria" title="19 martyrs of Algeria">Martyrs of Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Cajonos" title="Martyrs of Cajonos">Martyrs of Cajonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Martyrs of Compiègne">Martyrs of Compiègne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina" title="Blessed Martyrs of Drina">Martyrs of Drina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_Saints_of_China" title="Martyr Saints of China">Martyrs of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Gorkum" title="Martyrs of Gorkum">Martyrs of Gorkum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Japan" title="Martyrs of Japan">Martyrs of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">21 Martyrs of Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_La_Rioja" title="Martyrs of La Rioja">Martyrs of La Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Damascus" title="Martyrs of Damascus">Martyrs of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Laos" title="Martyrs of Laos">Martyrs of Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Natal" title="Martyrs of Natal">Martyrs of Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Otranto" title="Martyrs of Otranto">Martyrs of Otranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Prague" title="Martyrs of Prague">Martyrs of Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadok_and_48_Dominican_martyrs_from_Sandomierz" title="Sadok and 48 Dominican martyrs from Sandomierz">Martyrs of Sandomierz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War">Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Zenta" title="Martyrs of Zenta">Martyrs of Zenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Kolbe" title="Maximilian Kolbe">Maximilian Kolbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero" title="Óscar Romero">Óscar Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod">Pedro Calungsod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetua_and_Felicity" title="Perpetua and Felicity">Perpetua and Felicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chanel" title="Peter Chanel">Peter Chanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parenzo" title="Pietro Parenzo">Pietro Parenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomena" title="Philomena">Philomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_of_the_Cristero_War" title="Saints of the Cristero War">Saints of the Cristero War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Teresa Benedicta of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Brandsma" title="Titus Brandsma">Titus Brandsma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomasian_Martyrs" title="Thomasian Martyrs">17 Thomasian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Martyrs_of_Chimbote" title="Three Martyrs of Chimbote">Three Martyrs of Chimbote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulma_family" title="Ulma family">Ulma Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Martyrs" title="Uganda Martyrs">Uganda Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Martyrs" title="Vietnamese Martyrs">Vietnamese Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Valentine" title="Saint Valentine">Valentine of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_and_Corona" title="Victor and Corona">Victor and Corona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanitas_and_Lazarus_of_Persia" title="Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia">Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_missions" title="Catholic missions">Missionaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Boniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Damien" title="Father Damien">Damien of Molokai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evermode_of_Ratzeburg" title="Evermode of Ratzeburg">Evermode of Ratzeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Laval" title="François de Laval">François de Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_the_Illuminator" title="Gregory the Illuminator">Gregory the Illuminator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nino" title="Saint Nino">Nino of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Patrick of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Remigius" title="Saint Remigius">Remigius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (father of Jesus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matriarchs_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriarchs (Bible)">Matriarchs</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Popes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_I" title="Pope Adeodatus I">Adeodatus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_II" title="Pope Adeodatus II">Adeodatus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_III" title="Pope Adrian III">Adrian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agapetus_I" title="Pope Agapetus I">Agapetus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agatho" title="Pope Agatho">Agatho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I" title="Pope Alexander I">Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anacletus" title="Pope Anacletus">Anacletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anastasius_I" title="Pope Anastasius I">Anastasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anicetus" title="Pope Anicetus">Anicetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anterus" title="Pope Anterus">Anterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_II" title="Pope Benedict II">Benedict II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_I" title="Pope Boniface I">Boniface I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IV" title="Pope Boniface IV">Boniface IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Caius" title="Pope Caius">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_I" title="Pope Callixtus I">Callixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_I" title="Pope Celestine I">Celestine I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_V" title="Pope Celestine V">Celestine V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cornelius" title="Pope Cornelius">Cornelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eleutherius" title="Pope Eleutherius">Eleuterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eugene_I" title="Pope Eugene I">Eugene I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eusebius" title="Pope Eusebius">Eusebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eutychian" title="Pope Eutychian">Eutychian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Evaristus" title="Pope Evaristus">Evaristus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Fabian" title="Pope Fabian">Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_I" title="Pope Felix I">Felix I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_III" title="Pope Felix III">Felix III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_IV" title="Pope Felix IV">Felix IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_I" title="Pope Gelasius I">Gelasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_II" title="Pope Gregory II">Gregory II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_III" title="Pope Gregory III">Gregory III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII" title="Pope Gregory VII">Gregory VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hilarius" title="Pope Hilarius">Hilarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hormisdas" title="Pope Hormisdas">Hormisdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hyginus" title="Pope Hyginus">Hyginus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_I" title="Pope Innocent I">Innocent I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_I" title="Pope John I">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">John XXIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_I" title="Pope Julius I">Julius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_II" title="Pope Leo II">Leo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IV" title="Pope Leo IV">Leo IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IX" title="Pope Leo IX">Leo IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Linus" title="Pope Linus">Linus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Lucius_I" title="Pope Lucius I">Lucius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellinus" title="Pope Marcellinus">Marcellinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellus_I" title="Pope Marcellus I">Marcellus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Mark" title="Pope Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_I" title="Pope Martin I">Martin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Miltiades" title="Pope Miltiades">Miltiades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Nicholas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_I" title="Pope Paschal I">Paschal I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_I" title="Pope Paul I">Paul I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_I" title="Pope Pius I">Pius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pontian" title="Pope Pontian">Pontian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sergius_I" title="Pope Sergius I">Sergius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Silverius" title="Pope Silverius">Silverius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Simplicius" title="Pope Simplicius">Simplicius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Siricius" title="Pope Siricius">Siricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_I" title="Pope Sixtus I">Sixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_II" title="Pope Sixtus II">Sixtus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_III" title="Pope Sixtus III">Sixtus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Soter" title="Pope Soter">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_I" title="Pope Stephen I">Stephen I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_IV" title="Pope Stephen IV">Stephen IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_I" title="Pope Sylvester I">Sylvester I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Symmachus" title="Pope Symmachus">Symmachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Telesphorus" title="Pope Telesphorus">Telesphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_I" title="Pope Urban I">Urban I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Victor_I" title="Pope Victor I">Victor I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Vitalian" title="Pope Vitalian">Vitalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Zachary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zosimus" title="Pope Zosimus">Zosimus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agabus" title="Agabus">Agabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_the_Prophetess" title="Anna the Prophetess">Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Neriah" title="Baruch ben Neriah">Baruch ben Neriah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Barsabbas" title="Judas Barsabbas">Judas Barsabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchizedek" title="Melchizedek">Melchizedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_(prophet)" title="Micah (prophet)">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_seven_sons" title="Woman with seven sons">Seven Maccabees and their mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)" title="Simeon (Gospel of Luke)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah (prophet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah (NT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agatha_of_Sicily" title="Agatha of Sicily">Agatha of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Rome" title="Agnes of Rome">Agnes of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_of_the_Cross" title="Angela of the Cross">Angela of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelthryth" title="Æthelthryth">Æthelthryth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous">Bernadette Soubirous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Bologna" title="Catherine of Bologna">Catherine of Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigid_of_Kildare" title="Brigid of Kildare">Brigid of Kildare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Labour%C3%A9" title="Catherine Labouré">Catherine Labouré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Cecilia" title="Saint Cecilia">Cecilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">Clare of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulalia_of_M%C3%A9rida" title="Eulalia of Mérida">Eulalia of Mérida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia" title="Euphemia">Euphemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_Kowalska" title="Faustina Kowalska">Faustina Kowalska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_and_Liberata_of_Como" title="Faustina and Liberata of Como">Faustina and Liberata of Como</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve" title="Genevieve">Genevieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiltrude_of_Liessies" title="Hiltrude of Liessies">Hiltrude of Liessies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kateri_Tekakwitha" title="Kateri Tekakwitha">Kateri Tekakwitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucy" title="Saint Lucy">Lucy of Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goretti" title="Maria Goretti">Maria Goretti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_las_Maravillas_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="María de las Maravillas de Jesús">María de las Maravillas de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcisa_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="Narcisa de Jesús">Narcisa de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_of_Naples" title="Patricia of Naples">Patricia of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Rosalia" title="Saint Rosalia">Rosalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Lima" title="Rose of Lima">Rose of Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_the_Andes" title="Teresa of the Andes">Teresa of the Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Teresa of Calcutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasilla_and_Emiliana" title="Trasilla and Emiliana">Trasilla and Emiliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaldesca_Taccini" title="Ubaldesca Taccini">Ubaldesca Taccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Bakhita" title="Josephine Bakhita">Josephine Bakhita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Holy_Marshals" title="Four Holy Marshals">Four Holy Marshals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Holy_Helpers" title="Fourteen Holy Helpers">Fourteen Holy Helpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_of_charity" title="Martyr of charity">Martyr of charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_saint" title="Military saint">Military saints</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athleta_Christi" title="Athleta Christi">Athleta Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Christianus" title="Miles Christianus">Miles Christianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Church Militant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Champions_of_Christendom" title="Seven Champions of Christendom">Seven Champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_venerated_couples" title="List of venerated couples">Venerated couples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuous_pagan" title="Virtuous pagan">Virtuous pagan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/20px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="17" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/40px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/20px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/26px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/34px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saints_by_place80" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Saints_by_country" title="Template:Saints by country"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Saints_by_country" title="Template talk:Saints by country"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Saints_by_country" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Saints by country"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saints_by_place80" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Saints by place</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Argentine_saints" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Argentine saints">Argentina (Roman Catholic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_Catholic_saints_and_beatified_people" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Australian Catholic saints and beatified people">Australia (Roman Catholic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_Catholic_saints_and_beatified_people" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Brazilian Catholic saints and beatified people">Brazil (Roman Catholic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_Catholic_saints_and_beatified_people" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian Catholic saints and beatified people">Canada (Roman Catholic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Croatian_Catholic_saints_and_beatified_people" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Croatian Catholic saints and beatified people">Croatia (Roman Catholic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Anglo-Saxon_saints" title="List of Anglo-Saxon saints">England (Anglo-Saxon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_saints_of_Iceland" title="List of saints of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_saints_of_India" title="List of saints of India">India (Roman Catholic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Persian_saints" title="List of Persian saints">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_saints_of_Ireland" title="List of saints of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maltese_Catholic_saints_and_beatified_people" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Maltese Catholic saints and beatified people">Malta (Roman Catholic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mexican_Catholic_saints_and_beatified_people" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mexican Catholic saints and beatified people">Mexico (Roman Catholic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Filipinos_venerated_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="List of Filipinos venerated in the Catholic Church">Philippines (Roman Catholic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_Catholic_saints_and_beatified_people" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Polish Catholic saints and beatified people">Poland (Roman Catholic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Russian_saints" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Eastern Orthodox Russian saints">Russia (Eastern Orthodox)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_Orthodox_saints" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Serbian Orthodox saints">Serbia (Eastern Orthodox)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_saints" title="List of Swedish saints">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Eastern_Orthodox_saints" title="List of American Eastern Orthodox saints">United States (Eastern Orthodox)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Catholic_saints_and_beatified_people" class="mw-redirect" title="List of American Catholic saints and beatified people">United States (Roman Catholic)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Breton_Catholic_saints_and_beatified_people" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Breton Catholic saints and beatified people">Brittany (Roman Catholic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints_and_beatified_people_of_the_Canary_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Catholic saints and beatified people of the Canary Islands">Canary Islands (Roman Catholic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catalonian_Catholic_saints_and_beatified_people" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Catalonian Catholic saints and beatified people">Catalonia (Roman Catholic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cornish_saints" title="List of Cornish saints">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patron_saints_of_the_Hen_Ogledd" title="Patron saints of the Hen Ogledd">Patron saints of the Hen Ogledd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Northumbrian_saints" title="List of Northumbrian saints">Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scandinavian_Catholic_saints_and_beatified_people" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Scandinavian Catholic saints and beatified people">Scandinavia (Roman Catholic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_saints" title="List of Welsh saints">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Continents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints_and_beatified_people_from_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Catholic saints and beatified people from Africa">Africa (Roman Catholic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints_and_beatified_people_from_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Catholic saints and beatified people from Asia">Asia (Roman Catholic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_saints" title="List of European saints">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Catholic_saints_and_beatified_people" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Central American and Caribbean Catholic saints and beatified people">Central America and the Caribbeans (Roman Catholic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_Catholic_saints_and_beatified_people" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Oceanian Catholic saints and beatified people">Oceania (Roman Catholic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_American_Catholic_saints_and_beatified_people" class="mw-redirect" title="List of South American Catholic saints and beatified people">South America (Roman Catholic)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints Portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43115#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1729" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43115#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119759767">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119759767">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00570495">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="světci"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph116353&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="světice"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph166091&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Santos"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX5277354">Spain</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007551171005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint&oldid=1281068709">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint&oldid=1281068709</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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