Bowel wall thickening at CT: simplifying the diagnosis

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usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="8WZAHHahnqg1t2rSXrnWzD4A8N0FVxLy7oh96lYtM8ICGxYm0fZtzRd75mHng6nR"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="8WZAHHahnqg1t2rSXrnWzD4A8N0FVxLy7oh96lYtM8ICGxYm0fZtzRd75mHng6nR"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="8WZAHHahnqg1t2rSXrnWzD4A8N0FVxLy7oh96lYtM8ICGxYm0fZtzRd75mHng6nR"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="8WZAHHahnqg1t2rSXrnWzD4A8N0FVxLy7oh96lYtM8ICGxYm0fZtzRd75mHng6nR"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="24407923"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" 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collection: </label><input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 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</button><div id="full-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal Insights into imaging"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Insights+Imaging%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Insights+Imaging%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&journal_abbrev=Insights Imaging" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Insights Imaging"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Insights+Imaging%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Insights Imaging"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a 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class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Radiology, Hospital de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal, te_fernandes@hotmail.com." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Oliveira+MI&cauthor_id=24407923" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Maria I Oliveira">Maria I Oliveira</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Castro+R&cauthor_id=24407923" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ricardo Castro">Ricardo Castro</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ara%C3%BAjo+B&cauthor_id=24407923" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Bruno Araújo">Bruno Araújo</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Viamonte+B&cauthor_id=24407923" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Bárbara Viamonte">Bárbara Viamonte</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Cunha+R&cauthor_id=24407923" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Rui Cunha">Rui Cunha</a></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore data-fetch-url="/24407923/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title"> Expand </span> </button> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" 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<span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1007/s13244-013-0308-y&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13244-013-0308-y" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1007/s13244-013-0308-y </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <h1 class="heading-title"> Bowel wall thickening at CT: simplifying the diagnosis </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Teresa Fernandes</span><span class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> Insights Imaging<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <span class="citation-year">2014 Apr</span><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div 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class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2014 Apr;5(2):195-208.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1007/s13244-013-0308-y. </span> <span class="secondary-date"> Epub 2014 Jan 10. </span> </div> <div class="expanded-authors" id="short-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="authors"> <h3 class="title"> Authors </h3> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Fernandes+T&cauthor_id=24407923" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Teresa Fernandes">Teresa Fernandes</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Radiology, Hospital de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal, te_fernandes@hotmail.com." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Oliveira+MI&cauthor_id=24407923" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Maria I Oliveira">Maria I Oliveira</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Castro+R&cauthor_id=24407923" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ricardo Castro">Ricardo Castro</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Ara%C3%BAjo+B&cauthor_id=24407923" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Bruno Araújo">Bruno Araújo</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Viamonte+B&cauthor_id=24407923" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Bárbara Viamonte">Bárbara Viamonte</a><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Cunha+R&cauthor_id=24407923" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Rui Cunha">Rui Cunha</a></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliation </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of Radiology, Hospital de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal, te_fernandes@hotmail.com.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">24407923</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" 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id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Objective: </strong> In this article we present a simplified algorithm-based approach to the thickening of the small and large bowel wall detected on routine computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Background: </strong> Thickening of the small or large bowel wall may be caused by neoplastic, inflammatory, infectious, or ischaemic conditions. First, distinction should be made between focal and segmental or diffuse wall thickening. In cases of focal thickening further analysis of the wall symmetry and perienteric anomalies allows distinguishing between neoplasms and inflammatory conditions. In cases of segmental or diffuse thickening, the pattern of attenuation in light of clinical findings helps narrowing the differential diagnosis. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Conclusion: </strong> Focal bowel wall thickening may be caused by tumours or inflammatory conditions. Bowel tumours may appear as either regular and symmetric or irregular or asymmetric thickening. When fat stranding is disproportionately more severe than the degree of wall thickening, inflammatory conditions are more likely. With the exception of lymphoma, segmental or diffuse wall thickening is usually caused by benign conditions, such as ischaemic, infectious and inflammatory diseases. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Key points: </strong> • Thickening of the bowel wall may be focal (<5 cm) and segmental or diffuse (6-40 cm or >40 cm) in extension. • Focal, irregular and asymmetrical thickening of the bowel wall suggests a malignancy. • Perienteric fat stranding disproportionally more severe than the degree of wall thickening suggests an inflammatory condition. • Regular, symmetric and homogeneous wall thickening is more frequently due to benign conditions, but can also be caused by neoplasms such as well-differentiated adenocarcinoma and lymphoma. • Segmental or diffuse bowel wall thickening is usually caused by ischaemic, inflammatory or infectious conditions and the attenuation pattern is helpful in narrowing the differential diagnosis. </p> </div> </div> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="figures" id="figures"> <h2 class="title"> Figures </h2> <div class="figures-list" id="slides-container" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="0" data-label-slug="fig-1"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/c531bdb097d0/13244_2013_308_Fig1_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-0" role="button" data-image-width="709" data-image-height="532" data-image-alt="Fig. 1" data-pmc-id="PMC3999365" data-figure-id="Fig1"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-0" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/1a4d78d9c2d9/13244_2013_308_Fig1_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 1" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="709"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="532"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Algorithm approach to the bowel… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Algorithm approach to the bowel wall thickening. <i> CD </i> Crohn’s disease, <i> TB </i> tuberculosis, <i> IBD… </i> </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 1 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Algorithm approach to the bowel wall thickening. <i>CD</i> Crohn’s disease, <i>TB</i> tuberculosis, <i>IBD</i> inflammatory bowel disease, <i>RE</i> radiation enteritis. <i>Adapted from the electronic poster “Bowel wall thickening—a complex subject made simple” DOI:</i>10.5444/esgar2011/EE-063</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="1" data-label-slug="fig-2"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/a9d5ae5b9796/13244_2013_308_Fig2_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-1" role="button" data-image-width="396" data-image-height="396" data-image-alt="Fig. 2" data-pmc-id="PMC3999365" data-figure-id="Fig2"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-1" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/2850e9b6756a/13244_2013_308_Fig2_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 2" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 2 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Colon cancer. Axial contrast-enhanced CT… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 2 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Colon cancer. Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan shows focal asymmetric and irregular thickening of… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 2 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Colon cancer. Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan shows focal asymmetric and irregular thickening of the ascending colon (<i>arrow</i>), a finding strongly suggestive of a neoplasm. Also note mild pericolonic fat stranding (<i>asterisks</i>), a frequent associated finding. <i>Adapted from the electronic poster “Bowel wall thickening—a complex subject made simple” DOI:</i>10.5444/esgar2011/EE-063</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="2" data-label-slug="fig-3"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/1cafa9418bee/13244_2013_308_Fig3_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-2" role="button" data-image-width="396" data-image-height="802" data-image-alt="Fig. 3" data-pmc-id="PMC3999365" data-figure-id="Fig3"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-2" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/11c47f3cffa5/13244_2013_308_Fig3_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 3" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="802"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 3 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Intestinal tuberculosis. Axial ( <b> a… </b> </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 3 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Intestinal tuberculosis. Axial ( <b> a </b> ) and reformatted coronal ( <b> b </b> ) contrast-enhanced… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 3 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Intestinal tuberculosis. Axial (<b>a</b>) and reformatted coronal (<b>b</b>) contrast-enhanced CT scans show parietal irregular and asymmetric thickening of the caecum (<i>large arrows</i>), an appearance that mimics colon cancer. Also note low attenuation adenopathy (<i>thin arrows</i>), a usual finding in tuberculosis. Mild pericolonic fat stranding is also seen. <i>Adapted from the electronic poster “Bowel wall thickening—a complex subject made simple” DOI:</i>10.5444/esgar2011/EE-063</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="3" data-label-slug="fig-4"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/97650045e645/13244_2013_308_Fig4_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-3" role="button" data-image-width="709" data-image-height="706" data-image-alt="Fig. 4" data-pmc-id="PMC3999365" data-figure-id="Fig4"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-3" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/a18c07dc71b8/13244_2013_308_Fig4_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 4" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="709"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="706"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 4 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Crohn’s disease mimicking colon cancer.… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 4 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Crohn’s disease mimicking colon cancer. Reformatted coronal ( <b> a </b> ) and axial (… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-3" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 4 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Crohn’s disease mimicking colon cancer. Reformatted coronal (<b>a</b>) and axial (<b>b</b>) unenhanced CT scans and axial contrast-enhanced CT scan (<b>c</b>) show spiculated irregular wall thickening of the caecal wall (<i>arrow</i> in <b>a</b>–<b>c</b>) with heterogeneous contrast enhancement (<b>c</b>). Also note proliferation of the pericaecal fat (<i>asterisk</i>), a common finding in Crohn’s disease. <i>Adapted from the electronic poster “Bowel wall thickening—a complex subject made simple” DOI:</i>10.5444/esgar2011/EE-063</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="4" data-label-slug="fig-5"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/878b6b34e81f/13244_2013_308_Fig5_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-4" role="button" data-image-width="396" data-image-height="396" data-image-alt="Fig. 5" data-pmc-id="PMC3999365" data-figure-id="Fig5"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-4" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/d27d9f943a38/13244_2013_308_Fig5_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 5" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 5 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the descending… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 5 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the descending colon. Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan showing focal concentric… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-4" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 5 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the descending colon. Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan showing focal concentric and regular thickening of the descending colon (<i>arrows</i>) with smooth contours and homogeneous enhancement. This proved to be a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma after biopsy. <i>Adapted from the electronic poster “Bowel wall thickening—a complex subject made simple” DOI:</i>10.5444/esgar2011/EE-063</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="5" data-label-slug="fig-6"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/fbbc9c5e0c12/13244_2013_308_Fig6_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-5" role="button" data-image-width="396" data-image-height="396" data-image-alt="Fig. 6" data-pmc-id="PMC3999365" data-figure-id="Fig6"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-5" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/bd892c40cda8/13244_2013_308_Fig6_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 6" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 6 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Acute diverticulitis. Reformatted coronal contrast-enhanced… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 6 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Acute diverticulitis. Reformatted coronal contrast-enhanced CT scan showing sigmoid diverticuli ( <i> arrow </i> ),… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-5" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 6 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Acute diverticulitis. Reformatted coronal contrast-enhanced CT scan showing sigmoid diverticuli (<i>arrow</i>), mild bowel wall thickening (<i>arrowhead</i>) and pericolonic disproportionate fat stranding. These findings are compatible with sigmoid diverticulitis</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="6" data-label-slug="fig-7"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/7cacac2d5835/13244_2013_308_Fig7_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-6" role="button" data-image-width="396" data-image-height="396" data-image-alt="Fig. 7" data-pmc-id="PMC3999365" data-figure-id="Fig7"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-6" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/d9888c1eaabd/13244_2013_308_Fig7_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 7" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 7 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Epiploic appendagitis of the descending… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 7 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Epiploic appendagitis of the descending colon. Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan shows the inflamed… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-6" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 7 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Epiploic appendagitis of the descending colon. Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan shows the inflamed epiploic appendage anterior to the colonic wall (<i>asterisk</i>) with adjacent disproportionate fat stranding and minimal wall thickening of the descending colon (<i>arrow</i>). <i>Adapted from the electronic poster “Bowel wall thickening—a complex subject made simple” DOI:</i>10.5444/esgar2011/EE-063</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="7" data-label-slug="fig-8"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/dc1489bd21e8/13244_2013_308_Fig8_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-7" role="button" data-image-width="396" data-image-height="398" data-image-alt="Fig. 8" data-pmc-id="PMC3999365" data-figure-id="Fig8"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-7" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/9212092f2dfa/13244_2013_308_Fig8_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 8" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="398"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 8 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Omental infarction. Axial contrast-enhanced CT… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 8 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Omental infarction. Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan of a patient who presented with acute… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-7" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 8 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Omental infarction. Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan of a patient who presented with acute right upper quadrant pain shows an inhomogeneous fatty mass (<i>large arrow</i>) in the greater omentum, indicative of omental infarction. Note the mild wall thickening (<i>arrow</i>) of the adjacent colonic wall, which is clearly disproportionate relative to the fat stranding. <i>Adapted from the electronic poster “Bowel wall thickening—a complex subject made simple” DOI:</i>10.5444/esgar2011/EE-063</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="8" data-label-slug="fig-9"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/22f6a9ff0e82/13244_2013_308_Fig9_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-8" role="button" data-image-width="396" data-image-height="801" data-image-alt="Fig. 9" data-pmc-id="PMC3999365" data-figure-id="Fig9"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-8" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/5db50f1d89d9/13244_2013_308_Fig9_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 9" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="801"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 9 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Acute appendicitis. Axial ( <b> a… </b> </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 9 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Acute appendicitis. Axial ( <b> a </b> ) and coronal ( <b> b </b> ) contrast-enhanced CT… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-8" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 9 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Acute appendicitis. Axial (<b>a</b>) and coronal (<b>b</b>) contrast-enhanced CT scan shows the retrocaecal enlarged fluid-filled appendix (<i>arrows</i>) associated with adjacent fat stranding and reactive wall thickening of the ascending colon (<i>asterisk</i>)</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="9" data-label-slug="fig-10"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/5f754cdf3a94/13244_2013_308_Fig10_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-9" role="button" data-image-width="396" data-image-height="396" data-image-alt="Fig. 10" data-pmc-id="PMC3999365" data-figure-id="Fig10"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-9" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/a32dd64af0e5/13244_2013_308_Fig10_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 10" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 10 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Small bowel lymphoma. Reformatted coronal… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 10 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Small bowel lymphoma. Reformatted coronal contrast-enhanced CT scan shows concentric and regular segmental… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-9" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 10 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Small bowel lymphoma. Reformatted coronal contrast-enhanced CT scan shows concentric and regular segmental thickening of a small bowel loop (<i>arrows</i>) with homogeneous contrast enhancement. <i>Adapted from the electronic poster “Bowel wall thickening—a complex subject made simple” DOI:</i>10.5444/esgar2011/EE-063</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="10" data-label-slug="fig-11"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/97fda98b9dfb/13244_2013_308_Fig11_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-10" role="button" data-image-width="396" data-image-height="396" data-image-alt="Fig. 11" data-pmc-id="PMC3999365" data-figure-id="Fig11"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-10" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/c275cb671e08/13244_2013_308_Fig11_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 11" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 11 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Acute small bowel ischaemia. Axial… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 11 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Acute small bowel ischaemia. Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan shows diffuse thickening of the… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-10" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 11 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Acute small bowel ischaemia. Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan shows diffuse thickening of the small bowel loops with a target appearance (<i>arrow</i>) due to submucosal oedema. Also note the engorgement of the mesenteric root vessels and ascites, common findings in cases of acute bowel ischaemia. <i>Adapted from the electronic poster “Bowel wall thickening—a complex subject made simple” DOI:</i>10.5444/esgar2011/EE-063</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="11" data-label-slug="fig-12"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/36c91b67fc26/13244_2013_308_Fig12_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-11" role="button" data-image-width="396" data-image-height="396" data-image-alt="Fig. 12" data-pmc-id="PMC3999365" data-figure-id="Fig12"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-11" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/0b265620d84f/13244_2013_308_Fig12_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 12" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 12 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Bowel ischaemia secondary to systemic… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 12 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Bowel ischaemia secondary to systemic lupus erythaematosus (LES). Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan shows… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-11" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 12 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Bowel ischaemia secondary to systemic lupus erythaematosus (LES). Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan shows circumferential thickening of the small bowel loops (<i>arrows</i>) with a stratified appearance in a patient with LES presenting with bloody diarrhoea indicating bowel involvement by the vasculitis</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="12" data-label-slug="fig-13"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/3cb2122e134d/13244_2013_308_Fig13_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-12" role="button" data-image-width="396" data-image-height="397" data-image-alt="Fig. 13" data-pmc-id="PMC3999365" data-figure-id="Fig13"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-12" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/92e8e3a0790a/13244_2013_308_Fig13_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 13" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="397"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 13 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Stratified appearance in Crohn’s disease.… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 13 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Stratified appearance in Crohn’s disease. Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen shows… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-12" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 13 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Stratified appearance in Crohn’s disease. Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen shows concentric wall thickening of small bowel loops with a stratified appearance indicating active disease (<i>arrows</i>). Also note a fistula (<i>arrowhead</i>) connecting the bowel loops, a common finding in Crohn’s disease</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="13" data-label-slug="fig-14"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/116f2164be16/13244_2013_308_Fig14_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-13" role="button" data-image-width="396" data-image-height="395" data-image-alt="Fig. 14" data-pmc-id="PMC3999365" data-figure-id="Fig14"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-13" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/96c90d16a86a/13244_2013_308_Fig14_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 14" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="395"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 14 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Stratified attenuation pattern in pseudomembranous… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 14 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Stratified attenuation pattern in pseudomembranous colitis. Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan shows significant wall… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-13" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 14 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Stratified attenuation pattern in pseudomembranous colitis. Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan shows significant wall thickening of the ascending and descending colon (<i>arrows</i>) due to submucosal oedema, resulting in the stratified appearance. The marked thickening of the bowel wall and the mild pericolonic fat stranding suggest pseudomembranous colitis</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="14" data-label-slug="fig-15"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/34f74a040551/13244_2013_308_Fig15_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-14" role="button" data-image-width="396" data-image-height="396" data-image-alt="Fig. 15" data-pmc-id="PMC3999365" data-figure-id="Fig15"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-14" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/353d826f16dc/13244_2013_308_Fig15_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 15" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 15 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Radiation enteritis in a patient… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 15 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Radiation enteritis in a patient with cervical cancer. Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan shows… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-14" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 15 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Radiation enteritis in a patient with cervical cancer. Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan shows concentric stratified wall thickening of low-lying small bowel loops (<i>arrows</i>). There are also some ascites. These findings in the context of radiation therapy are suggestive of radiation enteritis</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="15" data-label-slug="fig-16"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/bb9c04b8e2fd/13244_2013_308_Fig16_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-15" role="button" data-image-width="396" data-image-height="397" data-image-alt="Fig. 16" data-pmc-id="PMC3999365" data-figure-id="Fig16"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-15" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/3aa58dbfc1fc/13244_2013_308_Fig16_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 16" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="397"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 16 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Stratified attenuation pattern in the… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 16 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Stratified attenuation pattern in the ascending colon of a cirrhotic patient. Reformatted coronal… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-15" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 16 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Stratified attenuation pattern in the ascending colon of a cirrhotic patient. Reformatted coronal contrast-enhanced CT scan shows parietal regular and concentric thickening of the ascending colon (<i>arrows</i>) with a “target” appearance due to oedema of the submucosa. Note the irregular contours of the liver (<i>arrowheads</i>) consistent with hepatic cirrhosis. <i>Adapted from the electronic poster “Bowel wall thickening—a complex subject made simple” DOI:</i>10.5444/esgar2011/EE-063</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="16" data-label-slug="fig-17"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/31e92d7f534d/13244_2013_308_Fig17_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-16" role="button" data-image-width="396" data-image-height="396" data-image-alt="Fig. 17" data-pmc-id="PMC3999365" data-figure-id="Fig17"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-16" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/4cda333ce909/13244_2013_308_Fig17_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 17" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 17 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Fat halo sign in Crohn’s… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 17 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Fat halo sign in Crohn’s disease. Axial contrast-enhanced CT image shows concentric wall… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-16" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 17 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Fat halo sign in Crohn’s disease. Axial contrast-enhanced CT image shows concentric wall thickening of the rectum (<i>arrow</i>) with fatty appearance of the submucosa in a patient with a long history of Crohn’s disease</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="17" data-label-slug="fig-18"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/cddb88a13c41/13244_2013_308_Fig18_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-17" role="button" data-image-width="396" data-image-height="395" data-image-alt="Fig. 18" data-pmc-id="PMC3999365" data-figure-id="Fig18"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-17" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/5f6f327e33de/13244_2013_308_Fig18_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 18" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="395"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 18 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Shock bowel in a patient… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 18 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Shock bowel in a patient with significant haemorrhage due to bleeding oesophageal varices.… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-17" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 18 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Shock bowel in a patient with significant haemorrhage due to bleeding oesophageal varices. Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan shows thickened hyperattenuating small bowel loops (<i>arrow</i>) due to the increased vascular permeability in the context of severe hypovolaemia. Also note engorgement of the mesenteric vessels and small volume ascites</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="18" data-label-slug="fig-19"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/0292b9f543f9/13244_2013_308_Fig19_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-18" role="button" data-image-width="396" data-image-height="799" data-image-alt="Fig. 19" data-pmc-id="PMC3999365" data-figure-id="Fig19"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-18" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/67255ed90a50/13244_2013_308_Fig19_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 19" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="799"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 19 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> White attenuation pattern due to… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 19 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> White attenuation pattern due to spontaneous intramural bowel wall haemorrhage in a patient… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-18" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 19 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">White attenuation pattern due to spontaneous intramural bowel wall haemorrhage in a patient with polyarteritis nodosa. Axial unenhanced (<b>a</b>) and contrast-enhanced (<b>b</b>) CT scans of the abdomen show concentric wall thickening of the third duodenal portion that showed spontaneous hyperenhancement of the bowel wall due to spontaneous haemorrhage. <i>Adapted from the electronic poster “Bowel wall thickening—a complex subject made simple” DOI:</i>10.5444/esgar2011/EE-063</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="19" data-label-slug="fig-20"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/2a720ad24a1b/13244_2013_308_Fig20_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-19" role="button" data-image-width="396" data-image-height="800" data-image-alt="Fig. 20" data-pmc-id="PMC3999365" data-figure-id="Fig20"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-19" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/876ac0eef1e6/13244_2013_308_Fig20_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 20" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="800"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 20 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> White attenuation pattern in Crohn’s… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 20 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> White attenuation pattern in Crohn’s disease. Axial ( <b> a </b> ) and coronal (… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-19" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 20 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">White attenuation pattern in Crohn’s disease. Axial (<b>a</b>) and coronal (<b>b</b>) contrast-enhanced CT scans show homogeneous hyperenhancement (<i>arrows</i>) of a thickened and stenotic ileal loop indicating active disease. Note the proximal dilatation of the small bowel loops (<i>asterisk</i>) due to the obstruction</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="20" data-label-slug="fig-21"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/8d0ddd7e4846/13244_2013_308_Fig21_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-20" role="button" data-image-width="396" data-image-height="799" data-image-alt="Fig. 21" data-pmc-id="PMC3999365" data-figure-id="Fig21"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-20" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/48373f0f45b6/13244_2013_308_Fig21_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 21" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="799"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 21 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Grey attenuation pattern in small… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 21 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Grey attenuation pattern in small bowel ischaemia. Axial contrast-enhanced CT scans show distended… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-20" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 21 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Grey attenuation pattern in small bowel ischaemia. Axial contrast-enhanced CT scans show distended fluid-filled small bowel loops (<i>asterisks</i> in <b>a</b> and <b>b</b>) with hypoenhancing thick walls (<i>thin arrows</i> in <b>a</b> and <b>b</b>) indicating ischaemia in a patient with partial occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (<i>large arrow</i> in <b>a</b>). <i>Adapted from the electronic poster “Bowel wall thickening—a complex subject made simple” DOI:</i>10.5444/esgar2011/EE-063</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="21" data-label-slug="fig-22"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/fb0fb3696b86/13244_2013_308_Fig22_HTML.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-21" role="button" data-image-width="396" data-image-height="801" data-image-alt="Fig. 22" data-pmc-id="PMC3999365" data-figure-id="Fig22"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-21" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a62f/3999365/d99f55d9aac4/13244_2013_308_Fig22_HTML.gif" alt="Fig. 22" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="396"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="801"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 22 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Ischaemic colitis. Axial contrast-enhanced CT… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 22 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Ischaemic colitis. Axial contrast-enhanced CT scans through the descending colon ( <b> a </b> )… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-21" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 22 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Ischaemic colitis. Axial contrast-enhanced CT scans through the descending colon (<b>a</b>) and rectum (<b>b</b>) show the thickened hypoattenuating bowel wall due to ischaemia. 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Bowel wall thickening at CT: simplifying the diagnosis - PubMed