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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_factors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Social factors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_factors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Risk_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Risk_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Risk groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Risk_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Women</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Men_who_have_sex_with_men" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Men_who_have_sex_with_men"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Men who have sex with men</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Men_who_have_sex_with_men-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_factors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_factors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Cultural factors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_factors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_factors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_factors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Economic factors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_factors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples_by_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples_by_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Examples by country</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Examples_by_country-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Examples by country subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Examples_by_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Haiti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Haiti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Haiti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Haiti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barbados" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barbados"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Barbados</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barbados-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jamaica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jamaica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Jamaica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jamaica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Cuba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Responses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Responses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Responses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Challenges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Challenges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Challenges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Challenges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Barbados&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="HIV/AIDS in Barbados">HIV/AIDS in Barbados</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> The <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> is the second-most affected region in the world in terms of <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a> prevalence rates.<sup id="cite_ref-Beck_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beck-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on 2009 data, about 1.0 percent of the adult population (240,000 people) is living with the disease, which is higher than any other region except <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UNAIDS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNAIDS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several factors influence this epidemic, including <a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">poverty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">gender</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sex_tourism" title="Sex tourism">sex tourism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">stigma</a>. HIV incidence in the Caribbean declined 49% between 2001 and 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Different countries have employed a variety of responses to the disease, with a range of challenges and successes. </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a> has an <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_HIV/AIDS_adult_prevalence_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate">HIV/AIDS prevalence rate</a> of 3.3%,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is the highest rate outside of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the exact origin of the disease is unknown, the HIV epidemic in the Caribbean most likely began in the 1970s. The first reported AIDS case occurred in Jamaica in 1982, followed by eight cases among <a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">gay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bisexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisexual">bisexual</a> men in Trinidad and Tobago. In the early days of the epidemic, more men were affected than women.<sup id="cite_ref-Figueroa_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Figueroa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: page: 196">: page: 196 </span></sup> By 1985, HIV/AIDS was becoming a general population issue and was no longer a disease solely of gay or bisexual men.<sup id="cite_ref-Howe_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howe-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Contrary to popular belief, the primary mode of HIV transmission in the region is heterosexual sex.<sup id="cite_ref-Beck_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beck-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of new HIV infections among women became and continues to be higher than those among men.<sup id="cite_ref-Beck_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beck-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, the Caribbean is the only area outside of Sub-Saharan Africa where women and girls outnumber men and boys living with HIV.<sup id="cite_ref-UNAIDS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNAIDS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prevalence">Prevalence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prevalence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_HIV/AIDS_adult_prevalence_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate">List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate</a></div> <p>Among adults aged 15–44, AIDS is the leading cause of death.<sup id="cite_ref-Beck_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beck-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 2001 and 2009, new infections slightly declined.<sup id="cite_ref-UNAIDS_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNAIDS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a large degree of variation of HIV prevalence between the 21 Caribbean countries. As of 2011, there are <i>two</i> countries where the national prevalence is over 2 percent, those being the <a href="/wiki/Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, the HIV rate is estimated to be about 1.8 percent. In <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> the rate is 1.5 percent. In the region, the rate in <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a> is between 1 and 1.1%. In <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, the rate is 0.9% and 0.7% respectively. <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> has the lowest rate, which is under 0.2 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-Figueroa_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Figueroa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: page: 106">: page: 106 </span></sup> The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Caribbean appears to have been overshadowed by the seemingly more severe problems in Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and the countries with more active and highly visible activism.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Causes_and_spread">Causes and spread</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Causes and spread"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_factors">Social factors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Social factors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A variety of social factors have perpetuated the spread and worsened the severity of HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean. Many persons are at increased risk of HIV infection because of their <a href="/wiki/Social_vulnerability" title="Social vulnerability">social vulnerability</a>, arising from <a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">poverty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illiteracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Illiteracy">illiteracy</a> or limited education, <a href="/wiki/Unemployment" title="Unemployment">unemployment</a>, gender inequity, and sexual orientation.<sup id="cite_ref-Figueroa_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Figueroa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: page: 199">: page: 199 </span></sup> HIV/AIDS can weaken the national education system, perpetuating the spread of the disease by hindering efforts to educate the public about the disease. Furthermore, a weak political response by the government can result in ineffective programs.<sup id="cite_ref-Kelly_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Public_policies" class="mw-redirect" title="Public policies">Public policies</a> in some countries openly discriminate against HIV-positive people, placing the burden of responsibility on the family of the infected individual. <a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">Discrimination</a> also takes place in housing, employment, and <a href="/wiki/Public_accommodations" class="mw-redirect" title="Public accommodations">public accommodations</a>, and currently little is able to be done.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of these factors, many have less knowledge, skills, and motivation to practice <a href="/wiki/Safe-sex" class="mw-redirect" title="Safe-sex">safe-sex</a> and avoid the disease.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Risk_groups">Risk groups</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Risk groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Women">Women</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Women"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">Gender</a> plays an important role in the spread of HIV. Young women are more likely than men to contract HIV in the Caribbean, and most of these women are between 24–44 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-Howe_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howe-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Developing_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Developing countries">developing countries</a> in general, women are at an extreme disadvantage in terms of the prevention and treatment of HIV. The gender hierarchies found within many societies contributes to the correlation of women and HIV.<sup id="cite_ref-Bond_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bond-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the factors that put women most at risk is <a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence" title="Sexual violence">sexual violence</a>. The first sexual experience of a girl is often forced, and during unprotected <a href="/wiki/Vaginal_intercourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaginal intercourse">vaginal intercourse</a>, women are more likely than men to contract HIV, because HIV-infected semen has a higher viral concentration than vaginal secretions.<sup id="cite_ref-Roberts_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roberts-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Capability_Approach" class="mw-redirect" title="Capability Approach">Capability Approach</a>, outlined by Nussbaum's Central Capabilities, lists bodily health and bodily integrity as crucial components of human dignity, and both of these are violated in the case of HIV transmission through rape.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, sexual relations between older men and younger women during <a href="/wiki/Transactional_sex" title="Transactional sex">transactional sex</a> possibly explain why more teenage girls than boys are HIV-positive in the Caribbean.<sup id="cite_ref-Figueroa_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Figueroa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: page: 199">: page: 199 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Men_who_have_sex_with_men">Men who have sex with men</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Men who have sex with men"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/HIV_and_Men_who_have_sex_with_men" class="mw-redirect" title="HIV and Men who have sex with men">HIV and Men who have sex with men</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality">Sexuality</a> has also had a significant impact on HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean. The prevalence of HIV among <a href="/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Men who have sex with men">men who have sex with men</a> (MSM) seems to be high, though reliable, current data is lacking. The HIV prevalence rate across the Caribbean between MSM varies, ranging from 11.7 percent in the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> (1996) to 18 percent in <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a> (1998) to 33.6 percent in Jamaica (1996).<sup id="cite_ref-Figueroa_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Figueroa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While unprotected sex between men is undoubtedly a major contributing factor to the epidemic, it remains largely hidden in the data. In many Caribbean countries, gay sexual relations remain illegal. This has led to a heavy <a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">stigma</a> associated with <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_relationships" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex relationships">same-sex relationships</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UNAIDS_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNAIDS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This stigma and widespread discrimination are definite factors in the spread of HIV.<sup id="cite_ref-FPS_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FPS-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Trinidad and Tobago, one in five MSM were HIV positive, and out of those, one in four said they also have sex with women.<sup id="cite_ref-UNAIDS_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNAIDS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the stigma and discrimination, these men hide their same sex behavior and become involved with women who do not know about their sexuality.<sup id="cite_ref-Figueroa_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Figueroa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: page: 199">: page: 199 </span></sup> This has created a bridge for HIV to pass from the gay community to the general population.<sup id="cite_ref-Figueroa_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Figueroa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: page: 199">: page: 199 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_factors">Cultural factors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cultural factors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several factors within Caribbean cultures play a role in HIV transmission. Firstly, sexual patterns exist in several countries that foster the spread of the disease. There is a high level of sexual activity among the youth, as evidenced by the 22 to 32 percent of persons in six eastern Caribbean states reporting having sex before age 15.<sup id="cite_ref-Figueroa_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Figueroa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: page: 199">: page: 199 </span></sup> Furthermore, having multiple sexual partners within the past year is relatively common throughout the Caribbean.<sup id="cite_ref-Figueroa_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Figueroa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: page: 199">: page: 199 </span></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Commercial_sex" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial sex">commercial sex</a> industry, <a href="/wiki/Transactional_sex" title="Transactional sex">transactional sex</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sex_tourism" title="Sex tourism">sex tourism</a> in the Caribbean are likewise important factors. HIV infection rates for commercial sex workers are high, ranging from 4.5-12.4 percent in the Dominican Republic (2000) to 9 percent in Jamaica (2005) to 30.6 percent in <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> (2000).<sup id="cite_ref-Figueroa_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Figueroa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: page: 197">: page: 197 </span></sup> One possible explanation is that the use of <a href="/wiki/Condoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Condoms">condoms</a> in transactional sex is less likely.<sup id="cite_ref-Figueroa_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Figueroa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: page: 199">: page: 199 </span></sup> In addition to the specific industry of sex tourism, studies have shown that the general <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a> industry is positively correlated with the HIV epidemic.<sup id="cite_ref-Padilla_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Padilla-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The perceived connection exists in that there are aspects of the environment of a tourist area that foster higher risks for HIV infection. These include riskier behaviors on the part of locals and tourists, as well as employees of the tourism industry engaging in relations with the tourists.<sup id="cite_ref-Padilla_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Padilla-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Intravenous_drug_use" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous drug use">Intravenous drug use</a> also plays a small role in perpetuating the spread of the disease, though it is not very common in many countries. However, two notable exceptions are <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>. In Bermuda, the prevalence rate is around 43 percent, while in Puerto Rico almost 80 percent of HIV infections arise from <a href="/wiki/Drug_injection" title="Drug injection">drug injection</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Beck_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beck-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_factors">Economic factors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Economic factors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The economies of the Caribbean influence the spread of HIV/AIDS as well. Firstly, the cost of HIV on many facets of life, outside of simply human <a href="/wiki/Well-being" title="Well-being">well-being</a>, was underestimated in the past.<sup id="cite_ref-La_Foucade_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-La_Foucade-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The disease hindered both the growth and the development of the island nations that make up the region. Because of rising <a href="/wiki/Death" title="Death">mortality</a> and falling <a href="/wiki/Productivity" title="Productivity">productivity</a> due to illness, the <a href="/wiki/Labor_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor force">labor force</a> in several industries has been negatively affected.<sup id="cite_ref-La_Foucade_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-La_Foucade-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several aspects on individual economies will also experience negative impacts of HIV, from <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a> to <a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">finance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FPS_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FPS-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have also been observed correlations between condom use and economic security, with those in more impoverished situations being less likely to practice safe sex.<sup id="cite_ref-Allen_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Studies have tried to identify a relationship between poverty and susceptibility to HIV.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Many have indicated that HIV/AIDS can have a negative impact on <a href="/wiki/Socioeconomic_status" title="Socioeconomic status">socioeconomic status</a>, as well as the level of overall employment in a given country.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples_by_country">Examples by country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Examples by country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Haiti">Haiti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Haiti"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Haiti" title="HIV/AIDS in Haiti">HIV/AIDS in Haiti</a></div> <p>Haiti, a nation that shares the island of Hispaniola with the Dominican Republic, has been greatly affected by HIV. As of 2014, the adult prevalence rate of HIV is estimated to be 1.93%.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For some time, Haiti had highest rate in the Americas and the highest outside of Sub-Saharan Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-Beck_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beck-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like many other countries, the disease began as being associated with men who have sex with men, specifically men in Haiti who engaged in commercial sex with male tourists. Later, the disease crossed over into the heterosexual community, with the main areas of risk being sex with female sex workers, casual sex with partners infected with AIDS, and blood transfusions.<sup id="cite_ref-Beck_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beck-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The course of the disease in Haiti has been rapid and aggressive, compounded by high rates of <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Diseases_of_poverty" title="Diseases of poverty">diseases of poverty</a>. A large number of children were born to HIV-positive mothers before proper treatment was available, leading to a spike in <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality" title="Infant mortality">infant mortality</a>. Negative effects have been observed in Haiti, one being the impact on the economy due to a shrinking tourism industry. The response of the <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Haiti">healthcare in Haiti</a> has been fairly effective. Due to swift identification of the disease, a coordinated response was undertaken relatively quickly.<sup id="cite_ref-Beck_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beck-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several measures were taken, such as giving the Haitian Red Cross complete control of the blood bank, launching a national awareness campaign, and setting up local health units that provide HIV treatment with <a href="/wiki/Antiretroviral_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiretroviral drugs">antiretroviral drugs</a>. Although Haiti has undergone civil unrest for several years, a priority was placed on the HIV/AIDS epidemic, and strong relationships were formed with the private health sector. Through both prevention and care, Haiti continues to manage the spread of the disease.<sup id="cite_ref-Beck_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beck-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Barbados">Barbados</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Barbados"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Currently, the adult prevalence rate of HIV in Barbados is estimated to be 1.5 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-Figueroa_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Figueroa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: page: 196">: page: 196 </span></sup> When HIV first struck Barbados, the island nation was completely underprepared to handle such a significant and detrimental disease.<sup id="cite_ref-Beck_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beck-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first case was recognized in 1984, after which those infected with AIDS were heavily stigmatized. In contrast to system in Haiti, much of the healthcare response in Barbados was carried out by the <a href="/wiki/Public_sector" title="Public sector">public sector</a>. Several successes of Barbados in its fight against HIV include <a href="/wiki/Universal_screening" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal screening">universal screening</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confidentiality" title="Confidentiality">confidentiality</a>, an AIDS information center and <a href="/wiki/Hotline" title="Hotline">hotline</a>, and special attention focused on at-risk groups. Overall, the achievements should undoubtedly be praised, especially considering the fact that these responses were carried out during an <a href="/wiki/Economic_depression" title="Economic depression">economic depression</a> in the 1990s, as well as during a period of severe stigmatization of HIV-positive people.<sup id="cite_ref-Beck_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beck-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jamaica">Jamaica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Jamaica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Jamaica" title="HIV/AIDS in Jamaica">HIV/AIDS in Jamaica</a></div> <p>Jamaica is another island nation that has been hit hard by the HIV/AIDS epidemic, with an adult prevalence rate of around 1.5 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-Beck_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beck-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, AIDS is the leading cause of death among two at-risk groups, young children aged 1–4 and young women aged 20–29. Both the public and private health sectors have played important roles in the response to the epidemic. From providing healthcare to seeking international funds, instituting educational programs to providing condoms, the Jamaican government has done much in prioritizing the HIV crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-Beck_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beck-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Notably, as part of their strategic plan. Jamaica has set of goal of normalizing HIV as part of normal societal discourse. This would undoubtedly help to reduce stigma towards HIV-positive individuals. The relative successes of the Jamaican program are also notable, as the country has managed to secure its blood supply, expand STI treatment centers, introduce proper surveillance of HIV, and make condoms widely available. Jamaica still seeks to strengthen its response, especially in terms of reducing discrimination and expanding prevention and intervention programs.<sup id="cite_ref-Beck_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beck-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuba">Cuba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cuba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The current HIV adult prevalence rate in <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> is estimated to be about 0.07 percent, one of the lowest in the world and certainly the lowest in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-Beck_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beck-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three of the major modes of transmissions in other nations, <a href="/wiki/Mother-to-child_transmission" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother-to-child transmission">mother-to-child transmission</a>, transmission through <a href="/wiki/Blood_transfusion" title="Blood transfusion">blood transfusion</a>, and through <a href="/wiki/Intravenous_drug_use" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous drug use">intravenous drug use</a>, are virtually non-existent in Cuba. Instead, sexual contact accounts for approximately 99 percent of all cases. In terms of sexuality, Cuba has followed a trajectory nearly opposite of the norm. Most of the first cases diagnosed were heterosexual men, but the disease then crossed over into the gay community as male-to-male sexual contact began to spread the disease. Today, men who have sex with men (MSM) are one of the most at-risk groups, making up for around 86 percent of men infected with HIV in Cuba.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>With the establishment of the Working Group for Confronting and Fighting AIDS, the government and nongovernmental organizations created comprehensive measures to fight the disease. Firstly, Cuba banned the importation of all human blood products and destroyed potentially infected supplies, effectively eliminating transmission of HIV through blood transfusions. Next, the country provided wide-scale <a href="/wiki/HIV_testing" class="mw-redirect" title="HIV testing">HIV testing</a> for Cubans who had travelled abroad and potentially brought the disease back into the country. The most important measures served to prevent sexual transmission, namely through education programs, medical examinations, and admittance of HIV-positive individuals into specialized health centers called <a href="/wiki/Sanatoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanatoria">sanatoria</a>. These sanatoria were somewhat controversial, especially in terms of possible <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights violations">human rights violations</a>. Although severely isolated in the late 1980s, the program has since improved significantly, providing outlets for <a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">social integration</a> and multiple levels of care.<sup id="cite_ref-Beck_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beck-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Responses">Responses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Responses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The responses to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Caribbean have varied over time and across countries. In the 2001 Nassau Declaration on Health, the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community</a> (<a href="/wiki/CARICOM" class="mw-redirect" title="CARICOM">CARICOM</a>) declared the HIV/AIDS crisis to be a priority for the region. As part of their response, the Pan-Caribbean Partnership Against AIDS (PANCAP) was formed. Today, this partnership is made up of over 80 members, including Caribbean countries, AIDS organizations, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Sources of funding include the World Bank, UNAIDS, and the Global Fund for AIDS, TB, and Malaria.<sup id="cite_ref-Figueroa_5-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Figueroa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: page: 198">: page: 198 </span></sup> Three principles that are crucial to the effective control of HIV are the inclusion of HIV positive persons, prevention and treatment programs that are carried out simultaneously, and the reduction of stigma.<sup id="cite_ref-Piot_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piot-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Broadly, increased political will, affordable and accessible antiretroviral drugs, stronger NGOs, and the generous aid of donors have combined to improve access to treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Testing pregnant women for HIV and providing antiretroviral drugs has significantly reduced the rates of mother-to-child transmission.<sup id="cite_ref-Figueroa_5-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Figueroa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: page: 197">: page: 197 </span></sup> Improving awareness of safe sex practices through HIV education and prevention programs, as well as increasing contraceptive distribution, can reduce the rates of sexual transmission.<sup id="cite_ref-Figueroa_5-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Figueroa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: page: 200">: page: 200 </span></sup> </p><p>Specifically, childhood sex education is important in helping kids to develop lifelong safe-sex practices like consistent condom usage and reducing risk by delaying sexual activity.<sup id="cite_ref-Piot_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piot-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it does play a minor role in the Caribbean, IV drug use still contributes to the spread of the disease. There is evidence that the harm reduction model, including needle and syringe exchange, is effective at preventing HIV with no other harmful effects.<sup id="cite_ref-Piot_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piot-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other responses include screening blood banks to reduce transmission through blood transfusion, increasing HIV screening and testing, and advocacy to establish responsive governmental policies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Challenges">Challenges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Challenges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several challenges have hindered the response to the HIV crisis. First, many countries have weak national capacities in terms of their ability to manage, control, and address the epidemic.<sup id="cite_ref-Figueroa_5-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Figueroa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: page: 199">: page: 199 </span></sup> This management also presents technical challenges for developing countries with varying levels of technological advancement. Because of the many regional governments and international aid agencies, the response to the spread of the disease is often uncoordinated and less effective than it could be.<sup id="cite_ref-Figueroa_5-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Figueroa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: page: 200">: page: 200 </span></sup> Political factors that affect the response include inattention to or a lack of concern about HIV and incomplete or slow information flow.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The stigma associated with both HIV-positive people and the perceived connection to the gay community is often crippling, resulting in discrimination, low use of testing facilities, and increased transmission of the disease.<sup id="cite_ref-Howe_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howe-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While this is certainly improving, there is still also a lack of information regarding how HIV/AIDS affected specific groups, like commercial sex workers, men who have sex with men, and IV drug users.<sup id="cite_ref-Howe_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howe-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Without substantive and concrete information, it remains difficult to completely address the needs of the groups. Lastly, it remains difficult to fully implement HIV interventions in several areas, and in-depth research is needed to truly understand how these interventions function to help HIV-positive individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-Beck_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beck-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIDS_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS pandemic">AIDS pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diseases_of_poverty" title="Diseases of poverty">Diseases of poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inequality_in_disease" title="Inequality in disease">Inequality in disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_the_English_Caribbean" title="Gender inequality in the English Caribbean">Gender inequality in the English Caribbean</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Beck-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beck_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beck_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beck_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beck_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beck_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beck_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beck_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beck_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beck_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beck_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beck_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beck_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beck_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beck_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beck_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beck_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beck_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBeckMaysWhitesideZuniga2008" class="citation book cs1">Beck, Eduard J.; Mays, Nicholas; Whiteside, Alan W.; Zuniga, Jose M., eds. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hivpandemiclocal0000unse"><i>The HIV Pandemic: Local and Global Implications</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191723957" title="Special:BookSources/9780191723957"><bdi>9780191723957</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+HIV+Pandemic%3A+Local+and+Global+Implications&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780191723957&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhivpandemiclocal0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHIV%2FAIDS+in+the+Caribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNAIDS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNAIDS_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNAIDS_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNAIDS_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNAIDS_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNAIDS_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4cfca9c62.html"><i>Global Report: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic: 2010</i></a>. UN Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS. December 2010. pp. <span class="nowrap">20–</span>21, <span class="nowrap">42–</span>43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-9173-871-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-9173-871-7"><bdi>978-92-9173-871-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=The+global+impact+of+HIV%2FAIDS&rft.volume=410&rft.issue=6831&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E968-%3C%2Fspan%3E973&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F35073639&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4373421%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11309626&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001Natur.410..968P&rft.au=Piot+P.&rft.au=Bartos+M.&rft.au=Ghys+P.+D.&rft.au=Walker+N.&rft.au=Schwartlander+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHIV%2FAIDS+in+the+Caribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Caribbean&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lentivirus" title="Lentivirus">Lentivirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structure_and_genome_of_HIV" title="Structure and genome of HIV">structure and genome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subtypes_of_HIV" title="Subtypes of HIV">subtypes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDC_classification_system_for_HIV_infection" title="CDC classification system for HIV infection">CDC classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV_disease_progression_rates" title="HIV disease progression rates">disease progression rates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Addiction_and_HIV_Data_Archive_Program" title="National Addiction and HIV Data Archive Program">National Addiction and HIV Data Archive Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diagnosis_of_HIV/AIDS" title="Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS">diagnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_of_HIV/AIDS" title="Management of HIV/AIDS">management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathophysiology_of_HIV/AIDS" title="Pathophysiology of HIV/AIDS">pathophysiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_HIV/AIDS" title="Prevention of HIV/AIDS">prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_research" title="HIV/AIDS research">research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV_vaccine" class="mw-redirect" title="HIV vaccine">vaccination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-exposure_prophylaxis_for_HIV_prevention" title="Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention">PrEP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHO_disease_staging_system_for_HIV_infection_and_disease" title="WHO disease staging system for HIV infection and disease">WHO disease staging system for HIV infection and disease</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WHO_Disease_Staging_System_for_HIV_Infection_and_Disease_in_Children" title="WHO Disease Staging System for HIV Infection and Disease in Children">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHO_Disease_Staging_System_for_HIV_Infection_and_Disease_in_Adults_and_Adolescents" title="WHO Disease Staging System for HIV Infection and Disease in Adults and Adolescents">Teens / Adults</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_HIV/AIDS_adult_prevalence_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate">Countries by AIDS prevalence rate</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Red_Ribbon.svg/50px-Red_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Red_Ribbon.svg/75px-Red_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Red_Ribbon.svg/100px-Red_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1112" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms_of_HIV/AIDS" title="Signs and symptoms of HIV/AIDS">Signs and symptoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIDS-defining_clinical_condition" title="AIDS-defining clinical condition">AIDS-defining clinical condition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffuse_infiltrative_lymphocytosis_syndrome" title="Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome">Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV-associated_lipodystrophy" title="HIV-associated lipodystrophy">Lipodystrophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV-associated_nephropathy" title="HIV-associated nephropathy">Nephropathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV-associated_cardiomyopathy" title="HIV-associated cardiomyopathy">Cardiomyopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV-associated_neurocognitive_disorder" title="HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder">Neurocognitive disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV-associated_pruritus" title="HIV-associated pruritus">Pruritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opportunistic_infection" title="Opportunistic infection">Opportunistic infection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV_superinfection" title="HIV superinfection">Superinfection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">Tuberculosis co-infection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV_Drug_Resistance_Database" title="HIV Drug Resistance Database">HIV Drug Resistance Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innate_resistance_to_HIV" title="Innate resistance to HIV">Innate resistance to HIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serostatus" title="Serostatus">Serostatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV-positive_people" title="HIV-positive people">HIV-positive people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutritional_challenges_of_HIV/AIDS" title="Nutritional challenges of HIV/AIDS">Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV_and_pregnancy" title="HIV and pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_HIV/AIDS" title="History of HIV/AIDS">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiology_of_HIV/AIDS" title="Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS">Epidemiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_sex_partners" title="Multiple sex partners">Multiple sex partners</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_HIV/AIDS" title="Timeline of HIV/AIDS">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_AIDS_Museum_and_Educational_Center" title="World AIDS Museum and Educational Center">World AIDS Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Ray_Brown" title="Timothy Ray Brown">Timothy Ray Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Patient" title="Berlin Patient">Berlin Patient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Castillejo" title="Adam Castillejo">The London Patient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Edmonds_(patient)" title="Paul Edmonds (patient)">City of Hope Patient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_and_HIV/AIDS" title="Women and HIV/AIDS">Women and HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV_and_men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="HIV and men who have sex with men">HIV and homosexual men</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIDS_orphan" title="AIDS orphan">AIDS orphan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_HIV/AIDS" title="Religion and HIV/AIDS">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_HIV/AIDS" title="Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS">Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumcision_and_HIV" title="Circumcision and HIV">Circumcision and HIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_transmission_of_HIV" title="Criminal transmission of HIV">Criminal transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS" title="Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS">Discrimination against people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_HIV/AIDS" title="Economic impact of HIV/AIDS">Economic impact</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cost_of_HIV_treatment" title="Cost of HIV treatment">Cost of treatment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV-affected_community" title="HIV-affected community">HIV-affected community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_activism" title="HIV/AIDS activism">HIV/AIDS activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_denialism" title="HIV/AIDS denialism">HIV/AIDS denialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_ribbon" title="Red ribbon">Red ribbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_sex" title="Safe sex">Safe sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_education" title="Sex education">Sex education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_HIV-positive_people" title="List of HIV-positive people">List of HIV-positive people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_With_AIDS" title="People With AIDS">People With AIDS Self-Empowerment Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infections_in_the_pornography_industry" title="Sexually transmitted infections in the pornography industry">HIV/AIDS in the porn industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV.gov" title="HIV.gov">HIV.gov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAMES_Project_AIDS_Memorial_Quilt" title="NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt">AIDS Memorial Quilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_Red" title="Product Red">Product Red</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discredited_HIV/AIDS_origins_theories" title="Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories">Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_and_Developing_Countries_Clinical_Trials_Partnership" title="European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership">European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elton_John_AIDS_Foundation" title="Elton John AIDS Foundation">Elton John AIDS Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_AIDS_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="International AIDS Conference">International AIDS Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_AIDS_Society" title="International AIDS Society">International AIDS Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_United_Nations_Programme_on_HIV/AIDS" title="Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS">Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_portrayal_of_HIV/AIDS" title="Media portrayal of HIV/AIDS">Media portrayal of HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misconceptions_about_HIV/AIDS" title="Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS">Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Emergency_Plan_for_AIDS_Relief" title="President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief">President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sing_campaign" title="Sing campaign">The SING Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidays" title="Solidays">Solidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_Action_Campaign" title="Treatment Action Campaign">Treatment Action Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Global_Fund_to_Fight_AIDS,_Tuberculosis_and_Malaria" title="The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria">The Global Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_AIDS_Day" title="World AIDS Day">World AIDS Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Against_AIDS" title="Youth Against AIDS">YAA/Youthforce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Me_(Sia_song)" title="Free Me (Sia song)">"Free Me"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Kramer" title="Larry Kramer">Larry Kramer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GMHC" title="GMHC">Gay Men's Health Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACT_UP" title="ACT UP">ACT UP</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reports_from_the_Holocaust" title="Reports from the Holocaust">Reports from the Holocaust</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIDS%E2%80%93Holocaust_metaphor" title="AIDS–Holocaust metaphor">AIDS–Holocaust metaphor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silence%3DDeath_Project" title="Silence=Death Project">Silence=Death Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_Without_Art" title="Day Without Art">Day Without Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Freddie_Mercury_Tribute_Concert" title="The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert">The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayds" title="Ayds">Ayds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Epidemiology_of_HIV/AIDS" title="Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS">Locations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Africa" title="HIV/AIDS in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Angola" title="HIV/AIDS in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Benin" title="HIV/AIDS in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Botswana" title="HIV/AIDS in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="HIV/AIDS in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Egypt" title="HIV/AIDS in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Eswatini" title="HIV/AIDS in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Ethiopia" title="HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Ghana" title="HIV/AIDS in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Guinea" title="HIV/AIDS in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Ivory_Coast" title="HIV/AIDS in Ivory Coast">Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Kenya" title="HIV/AIDS in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Lesotho" title="HIV/AIDS in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Madagascar" title="HIV/AIDS in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Malawi" title="HIV/AIDS in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Mali" title="HIV/AIDS in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Mozambique" title="HIV/AIDS in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Namibia" title="HIV/AIDS in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Niger" title="HIV/AIDS in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Nigeria" title="HIV/AIDS in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Rwanda" title="HIV/AIDS in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Senegal" title="HIV/AIDS in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Tanzania" title="HIV/AIDS in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_South_Africa" title="HIV/AIDS in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Uganda" title="HIV/AIDS in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Zambia" title="HIV/AIDS in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Zimbabwe" title="HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Asia" title="HIV/AIDS in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="HIV/AIDS in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Armenia" title="HIV/AIDS in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="HIV/AIDS in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="HIV/AIDS in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Bangladesh" title="HIV/AIDS in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Bhutan" title="HIV/AIDS in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Cambodia" title="HIV/AIDS in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_China" title="HIV/AIDS in China">China (PRC)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Yunnan" title="HIV/AIDS in Yunnan">Yunnan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_India" title="HIV/AIDS in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Indonesia" title="HIV/AIDS in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="HIV/AIDS in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Iraq" title="HIV/AIDS in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Japan" title="HIV/AIDS in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Jordan" title="HIV/AIDS in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="HIV/AIDS in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Laos" title="HIV/AIDS in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Malaysia" title="HIV/AIDS in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Myanmar" title="HIV/AIDS in Myanmar">Myanmar (Burma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Nepal" title="HIV/AIDS in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Pakistan" title="HIV/AIDS in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_the_Philippines" title="HIV/AIDS in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="HIV/AIDS in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="HIV/AIDS in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Taiwan" title="HIV/AIDS in Taiwan">Taiwan (ROC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Thailand" title="HIV/AIDS in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Timor-Leste" title="HIV/AIDS in Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="HIV/AIDS in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="HIV/AIDS in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Vietnam" title="HIV/AIDS in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Europe" title="HIV/AIDS in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="HIV/AIDS in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Russia" title="HIV/AIDS in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Ukraine" title="HIV/AIDS in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_North_America" title="HIV/AIDS in North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Canada" title="HIV/AIDS in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Mexico" title="HIV/AIDS in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_El_Salvador" title="HIV/AIDS in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Guatemala" title="HIV/AIDS in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Honduras" title="HIV/AIDS in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Nicaragua" title="HIV/AIDS in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_the_United_States" title="HIV/AIDS in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_New_York_City" title="HIV/AIDS in New York City">New York City</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caribbean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Haiti" title="HIV/AIDS in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Jamaica" title="HIV/AIDS in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_South_America" title="HIV/AIDS in South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Argentina" title="HIV/AIDS in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Bolivia" title="HIV/AIDS in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Brazil" title="HIV/AIDS in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Colombia" title="HIV/AIDS in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Guyana" title="HIV/AIDS in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Peru" title="HIV/AIDS in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Uruguay" title="HIV/AIDS in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Australia" title="HIV/AIDS in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_New_Zealand" title="HIV/AIDS in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="HIV/AIDS in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_HIV/AIDS_adult_prevalence_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate">List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_HIV/AIDS_cases_and_deaths_registered_by_region" title="List of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths registered by region">List of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths registered by region</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="HIV/AIDS_in_North_America165" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_America_topic" title="Template:North America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_America_topic" title="Template talk:North America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="HIV/AIDS_in_North_America165" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_North_America" title="HIV/AIDS in North America">HIV/AIDS in North America </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Antigua and Barbuda (page does not exist)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Bahamas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in the Bahamas (page does not exist)">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Barbados" class="mw-redirect" title="HIV/AIDS in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Belize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Belize (page does not exist)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Canada" title="HIV/AIDS in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Costa_Rica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Costa Rica (page does not exist)">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Cuba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Cuba (page does not exist)">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Dominica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Dominica (page does not exist)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_El_Salvador" title="HIV/AIDS in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Grenada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Grenada (page does not exist)">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Guatemala" title="HIV/AIDS in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Haiti" title="HIV/AIDS in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Honduras" title="HIV/AIDS in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Jamaica" title="HIV/AIDS in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Mexico" title="HIV/AIDS in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Nicaragua" title="HIV/AIDS in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Panama" class="mw-redirect" title="HIV/AIDS in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Saint Kitts and Nevis (page does not exist)">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Saint_Lucia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Saint Lucia (page does not exist)">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (page does not exist)">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Trinidad and Tobago (page does not exist)">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_the_United_States" title="HIV/AIDS in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Anguilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Anguilla (page does not exist)">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Aruba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Aruba (page does not exist)">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Bermuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Bermuda (page does not exist)">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Bonaire (page does not exist)">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in the British Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Cayman_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in the Cayman Islands (page does not exist)">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Cura%C3%A7ao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Curaçao (page does not exist)">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Greenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Greenland (page does not exist)">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Guadeloupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Guadeloupe (page does not exist)">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Martinique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Martinique (page does not exist)">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Montserrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Montserrat (page does not exist)">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Puerto Rico (page does not exist)">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Saint Barthélemy (page does not exist)">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in the Collectivity of Saint Martin (page does not exist)">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Saint Pierre and Miquelon (page does not exist)">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Saba_(island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Saba (island) (page does not exist)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Sint_Maarten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Sint Maarten (page does not exist)">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in the Turks and Caicos Islands (page does not exist)">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in the United States Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="HIV/AIDS_in_the_Americas413" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Americas_topic" title="Template:Americas topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Americas_topic" title="Template talk:Americas topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Americas_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Americas topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="HIV/AIDS_in_the_Americas413" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">HIV/AIDS in the Americas</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in the Americas">Sovereign<br />states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Antigua and Barbuda (page does not exist)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Argentina" title="HIV/AIDS in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Bahamas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in the Bahamas (page does not exist)">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Barbados" class="mw-redirect" title="HIV/AIDS in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Belize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Belize (page does not exist)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Bolivia" title="HIV/AIDS in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Brazil" title="HIV/AIDS in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Canada" title="HIV/AIDS in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Chile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Chile (page does not exist)">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Colombia" title="HIV/AIDS in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Costa_Rica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Costa Rica (page does not exist)">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Cuba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Cuba (page does not exist)">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Dominica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Dominica (page does not exist)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Ecuador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Ecuador (page does not exist)">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_El_Salvador" title="HIV/AIDS in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Grenada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Grenada (page does not exist)">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Guatemala" title="HIV/AIDS in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Guyana" title="HIV/AIDS in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Haiti" title="HIV/AIDS in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Honduras" title="HIV/AIDS in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Jamaica" title="HIV/AIDS in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Mexico" title="HIV/AIDS in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Nicaragua" title="HIV/AIDS in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Panama" class="mw-redirect" title="HIV/AIDS in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Paraguay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Paraguay (page does not exist)">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Peru" title="HIV/AIDS in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Saint Kitts and Nevis (page does not exist)">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Saint_Lucia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Saint Lucia (page does not exist)">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (page does not exist)">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Suriname&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Suriname (page does not exist)">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Trinidad and Tobago (page does not exist)">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_the_United_States" title="HIV/AIDS in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Uruguay" title="HIV/AIDS in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Venezuela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Venezuela (page does not exist)">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Territory" title="Territory">territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Anguilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Anguilla (page does not exist)">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Aruba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Aruba (page does not exist)">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Bermuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Bermuda (page does not exist)">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Bonaire (page does not exist)">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in the British Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Cayman_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in the Cayman Islands (page does not exist)">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Cura%C3%A7ao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Curaçao (page does not exist)">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Falkland_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in the Falkland Islands (page does not exist)">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_French_Guiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in French Guiana (page does not exist)">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Greenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Greenland (page does not exist)">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Guadeloupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Guadeloupe (page does not exist)">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Martinique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Martinique (page does not exist)">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Montserrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Montserrat (page does not exist)">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Puerto_Rico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Puerto Rico (page does not exist)">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Saba_(island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Saba (island) (page does not exist)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Saint Barthélemy (page does not exist)">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in the Collectivity of Saint Martin (page does not exist)">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Saint Pierre and Miquelon (page does not exist)">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Sint_Maarten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Sint Maarten (page does not exist)">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (page does not exist)">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in the Turks and Caicos Islands (page does not exist)">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in the United States Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_North_America" title="HIV/AIDS in North America">North America</a></b></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HIV/AIDS_in_Central_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HIV/AIDS in Central America (page does not exist)">Central America</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caribbean</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Latin_America" title="HIV/AIDS in Latin America">Latin America</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_South_America" title="HIV/AIDS in South America">South America</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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