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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Wordplay and games</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Wordplay_and_games-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Wordplay and games subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Wordplay_and_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Same-sounding_phrases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Same-sounding_phrases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Same-sounding phrases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Same-sounding_phrases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_various_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_various_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In various languages</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_various_languages-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In various languages subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_various_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazilian_Portuguese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazilian_Portuguese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Brazilian Portuguese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazilian_Portuguese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>German</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Spanish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Japanese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Korean" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korean"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Korean</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korean-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mandarin_Chinese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mandarin_Chinese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Mandarin Chinese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mandarin_Chinese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Russian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vietnamese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vietnamese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Vietnamese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vietnamese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Psychological_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psychological_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Psychological research</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Psychological_research-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Psychological research subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Psychological_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pseudo-homophones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pseudo-homophones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Pseudo-homophones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pseudo-homophones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_as_ambiguous_information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_as_ambiguous_information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Use as ambiguous information</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_as_ambiguous_information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Homophone</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofoon" title="Homofoon – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Homofoon" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83_%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B8%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B8%D9%8A" title="اشتراك لفظي تلفظي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اشتراك لفظي تلفظي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="সমধ্বনি – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="সমধ্বনি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A2ng-sia%E2%81%BF-j%C4%AB" title="Kâng-siaⁿ-jī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kâng-siaⁿ-jī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Амафон – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Амафон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Амафон – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Амафон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Омофон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Омофон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/He%C3%B1velsonerezh" title="Heñvelsonerezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Heñvelsonerezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofon" title="Homofon – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Homofon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofon" title="Homofon – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Homofon" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homophon" title="Homophon – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Homophon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hom%C3%B3fono" title="Homófono – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Homófono" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%A7" title="هم‌آوا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هم‌آوا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homaf%C3%B3n" title="Homafón – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Homafón" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EC%9D%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%98%EC%96%B4" title="동음이의어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="동음이의어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofono" title="Homofono – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Homofono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofon" title="Homofon – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Homofon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F" title="הומופון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הומופון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ომოფონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ომოფონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Омофон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Омофон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homophon" title="Homophon – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Homophon" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofonas" title="Homofonas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Homofonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofon" title="Homofon – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Homofon" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofon" title="Homofon – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Homofon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofoon_(woord)" title="Homofoon (woord) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Homofoon (woord)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E9%9F%B3%E7%95%B0%E7%BE%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="同音異義語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="同音異義語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofon" title="Homofon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Homofon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofon" title="Homofon – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Homofon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A7%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80" title="ਸਮਧੁਨੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਮਧੁਨੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86_(_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%87_%DA%96%D8%BA_%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%8A_)" title="هوموفون ( ورته ږغ لرونکي ) – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هوموفون ( ورته ږغ لرونکي )" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hom%C3%B3fono" title="Homófono – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Homófono" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omofon" title="Omofon – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Omofon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Омофоны – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Омофоны" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homophone" title="Homophone – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Homophone" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enakoglasnica" title="Enakoglasnica – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Enakoglasnica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homofon" title="Homofon – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Homofon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87" title="คำพ้องเสียง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คำพ้องเสียง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%9Fsesli" title="Eşsesli – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Eşsesli" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Омофони – Ukrainian" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Word that has identical pronunciation as another word, but differs in meaning or spelling</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the term in linguistics. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Homophony_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Homophony (disambiguation)">Homophony (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Heterography" redirects here. For the practice of writing one language in the script of another, see <a href="/wiki/Garshunography" title="Garshunography">Garshunography</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Homograph_homophone_venn_diagram.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Homograph_homophone_venn_diagram.png/400px-Homograph_homophone_venn_diagram.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Homograph_homophone_venn_diagram.png/600px-Homograph_homophone_venn_diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Homograph_homophone_venn_diagram.png/800px-Homograph_homophone_venn_diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="944" data-file-height="694" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Venn_diagram" title="Venn diagram">Venn diagram</a> showing the relationships between <i>homophones</i> (blue circle) and related linguistic concepts</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>homophone</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>-/</a></span></span>) is a word that is <a href="/wiki/Pronunciation" title="Pronunciation">pronounced</a> the same as another word but differs in meaning or in spelling. The two words may be <a href="/wiki/Spelling" title="Spelling">spelled</a> the same, for example <i>rose</i> (flower) and <i>rose</i> (past tense of "rise"), or spelled differently, as in <i>rain</i>, <i>reign</i>, and <i>rein</i>. The term <i>homophone</i> sometimes applies to units longer or shorter than words, for example a phrase, letter, or groups of letters which are pronounced the same as a counterpart. Any unit with this property is said to be <i>homophonous</i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>). </p><p>Homophones that are spelled the same are both <a href="/wiki/Homograph" title="Homograph">homographs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Homonym" title="Homonym">homonyms</a>. For example, the word <i>read</i>, in "He is well <i>read</i>" and in "Yesterday, I <i>read</i> that book".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Homophones that are spelled differently are also called <b>heterographs</b>, e.g. <i>to</i>, <i>too</i>, and <i>two</i>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1234201967">.mw-parser-output .linguistics-body{max-width:20em}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks linguistics-body"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Linguistics" title="Category:Linguistics">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">Linguistics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_linguistics" title="Outline of linguistics">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_linguistics" title="History of linguistics">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_linguistics_articles" title="Index of linguistics articles">Index</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">General linguistics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_linguistics" title="Historical linguistics">Diachronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexicography" title="Lexicography">Lexicography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics)" title="Morphology (linguistics)">Morphology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonology" title="Phonology">Phonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragmatics" title="Pragmatics">Pragmatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantics" title="Semantics">Semantics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syntax" title="Syntax">Syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syntax%E2%80%93semantics_interface" title="Syntax–semantics interface">Syntax–semantics interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_typology" title="Linguistic typology">Typology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Applied linguistics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Language_acquisition" title="Language acquisition">Acquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropological_linguistics" title="Anthropological linguistics">Anthropological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_linguistics" title="Applied linguistics">Applied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computational_linguistics" title="Computational linguistics">Computational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversation_analysis" title="Conversation analysis">Conversation analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_linguistics" title="Corpus linguistics">Corpus linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discourse_analysis" title="Discourse analysis">Discourse analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Determinism" title="Determinism">Determinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_distance" title="Linguistic distance">Distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_documentation" title="Language documentation">Documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnography_of_communication" title="Ethnography of communication">Ethnography of communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnomethodology" title="Ethnomethodology">Ethnomethodology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_linguistics" title="Forensic linguistics">Forensic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_linguistics" title="History of linguistics">History of linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlinguistics" title="Interlinguistics">Interlinguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurolinguistics" title="Neurolinguistics">Neurolinguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">Philology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_language" title="Philosophy of language">Philosophy of language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonetics" title="Phonetics">Phonetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psycholinguistics" title="Psycholinguistics">Psycholinguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociolinguistics" title="Sociolinguistics">Sociolinguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_linguistics" title="Text linguistics">Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translation_studies" title="Translation studies">Translating</a> and <a href="/wiki/Language_interpretation" title="Language interpretation">interpreting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing systems</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Theoretical frameworks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formalism_(linguistics)" title="Formalism (linguistics)">Formalist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phrase_structure_grammar" title="Phrase structure grammar">Constituency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dependency_grammar" title="Dependency grammar">Dependency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributionalism" title="Distributionalism">Distributionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_grammar" title="Generative grammar">Generative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossematics" title="Glossematics">Glossematics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_linguistics" title="Functional linguistics">Functional</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_grammar" title="Cognitive grammar">Cognitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_grammar" title="Construction grammar">Construction grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_discourse_grammar" title="Functional discourse grammar">Functional discourse grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammaticalization" title="Grammaticalization">Grammaticalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactional_linguistics" title="Interactional linguistics">Interactional linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_linguistic_circle" title="Prague linguistic circle">Prague circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemic_functional_linguistics" title="Systemic functional linguistics">Systemic functional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usage-based_models_of_language" title="Usage-based models of language">Usage-based</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_linguistics" title="Structural linguistics">Structuralism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomy_of_syntax" title="Autonomy of syntax">Autonomy of syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principle_of_compositionality" title="Principle of compositionality">Compositionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_and_innovative_language" title="Conservative and innovative language">Conservative and innovative language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_description" title="Linguistic description">Descriptivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconicity" title="Iconicity">Iconicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(linguistics)" title="Internationalism (linguistics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_linguistics" title="Internet linguistics">Internet linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_linguistics" title="LGBTQ linguistics">LGBTQ linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_language" title="Origin of language">Origin of language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orismology" title="Orismology">Orismology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography">Orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_linguistics" title="Philosophy of linguistics">Philosophy of linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_prescription" title="Linguistic prescription">Prescriptivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-language_acquisition" title="Second-language acquisition">Second-language acquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_language" title="Theory of language">Theory of language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminology" title="Terminology">Terminology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Linguistics" title="Template:Linguistics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Linguistics" title="Template talk:Linguistics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Linguistics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Linguistics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophone&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Homophone" derives from <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <i>homo-</i> (ὁμο‑), "same", and <i>phōnḗ</i> (φωνή), "voice, utterance". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wordplay_and_games">Wordplay and games</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophone&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Wordplay and games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Homophones are often used to create <a href="/wiki/Pun" title="Pun">puns</a> and to deceive the reader (as in <a href="/wiki/Crossword" title="Crossword">crossword puzzles</a>) or to suggest multiple meanings. The last usage is common in <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a> and creative <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a>. An example of this is seen in <a href="/wiki/Dylan_Thomas" title="Dylan Thomas">Dylan Thomas</a>'s radio play <i>Under Milk Wood</i>: "The shops in mourning" where <i>mourning</i> can be heard as <i>mourning</i> or <i>morning</i>. Another vivid example is <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hood" title="Thomas Hood">Thomas Hood</a>'s use of <i>birth</i> and <i>berth</i> as well as <i>told</i> and <i>toll'd</i> (tolled) in his poem "Faithless Sally Brown": </p> <dl><dd>His death, which happen'd in his <i>berth</i>,</dd> <dd>At forty-odd befell:</dd> <dd>They went and <i>told</i> the sexton, and</dd> <dd>The sexton <i>toll'd</i> the bell.</dd></dl> <p>In some <a href="/wiki/Accent_(sociolinguistics)" title="Accent (sociolinguistics)">accents</a>, various sounds have <a href="/wiki/Phonemic_differentiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Phonemic differentiation">merged</a> in that they are no longer distinctive, and thus words that differ only by those sounds in an accent that maintains the distinction (a <a href="/wiki/Minimal_pair" title="Minimal pair">minimal pair</a>) are homophonous in the accent with the merger. Some examples from <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> are: </p> <ul><li><i>pin</i> and <i>pen</i> in many <a href="/wiki/Southern_American_English" title="Southern American English">southern American accents</a></li> <li><i>by</i> and <i>buy</i></li> <li><i>merry</i>, <i>marry</i>, and <i>Mary</i> in most American accents</li> <li>The pairs <i>do</i> and <i>due</i> as well as <i>forward</i> and <i>foreword</i> are homophonous in most American accents but not in most English accents</li> <li>The pairs <i>talk</i> and <i>torque</i> as well as <i>court</i> and <i>caught</i> are distinguished in <a href="/wiki/Rhotic_and_non-rhotic_accents" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhotic and non-rhotic accents">rhotic</a> accents, such as <a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scottish English</a>, and most dialects of American English, but are homophones in some <a href="/wiki/Rhotic_and_non-rhotic_accents" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhotic and non-rhotic accents">non-rhotic</a> accents, such as British <a href="/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">Received Pronunciation</a></li></ul> <p>Wordplay is particularly common in English because the multiplicity of linguistic influences offers considerable complication in spelling and meaning and pronunciation compared with other languages. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Malapropism" title="Malapropism">Malapropisms</a>, which often create a similar comic effect, are usually near-homophones. See also <a href="/wiki/Eggcorn" title="Eggcorn">Eggcorn</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Same-sounding_phrases">Same-sounding phrases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophone&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Same-sounding phrases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1980s, an attempt was made to promote a distinctive term for same-sounding multiple words or phrases, by referring to them as "oronyms",<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the term <a href="/wiki/Toponymy#Toponymic_typology" title="Toponymy">oronym</a> was already well established in <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistics</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Onomastics" title="Onomastics">onomastic</a> designation for a class of <a href="/wiki/Toponymy" title="Toponymy">toponymic</a> features (names of mountains, hills, etc.),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoom199675_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoom199675-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the alternative use of the same term was not well accepted in scholarly literature.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewart201591,_237_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStewart201591,_237-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_various_languages">In various languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophone&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In various languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English">English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophone&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are online lists of multinyms. In English, concerning groups of homophones (excluding proper nouns), there are approximately 88 triplets, 24 quadruplets, 2 quintuplets, 1 sextet, 1 septet, and 1 questionable octet (possibly a second septet). The questionable octet is: </p> <dl><dd><i>raise</i>, <i>rays</i>, <i>rase</i>, <i>raze</i>, <i>rehs</i>, <i>res</i>, <i>reais</i>, [<i>race</i>]</dd></dl> <p>Other than the common words <i>raise</i>, <i>rays</i>, and <i>race</i> this octet includes </p> <ul><li><i>raze</i> – a verb meaning "to demolish, level to the ground" or "to scrape as if with a razor"</li> <li><i>rase</i> – an archaic verb meaning "to erase"</li> <li><i>rehs</i> – the plural of <i>reh</i>, a mixture of sodium salts found as an efflorescence in India</li> <li><i>res</i> – the plural of <a href="/wiki/Re_(musical_note)" class="mw-redirect" title="Re (musical note)"><i>re</i></a>, a name for one step of the musical scale; obsolete legal term for "the matter" or "incident"</li> <li><i>reais</i> – the plural of real, the currency unit of Brazil</li></ul> <p>The inclusion of "race" in the octet above is questionable, since its pronunciation differs from the other words on the list (ending with /s/ instead of /z/). </p><p>If proper names are included, then a possible nonet would be: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ayr" title="Ayr">Ayr</a></i> – a town in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/River_Aire" title="River Aire">Aire</a></i> – a river in <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a></li> <li><i>Eyre</i> – legal term and various geographic locations</li> <li><i>heir</i> – one who inherits</li> <li><i>air</i> – the ubiquitous atmospheric gas that people breathe; a type of musical tune</li> <li><i>err</i> – to make an error</li> <li><i>ere</i> – poetic / archaic "before"</li> <li><i>e'er</i> – poetic "ever" (some speakers)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">are</a></i> – a defunct, small, <a href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">metric unit</a> of area<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazilian_Portuguese">Brazilian Portuguese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophone&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Brazilian Portuguese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Portuguese language has one of the highest numbers of homophones and consequently homographs in the world. Homophonic words include: "Jogo" - I throw, "Jogo" - I play, "Jogo" - Match (Sports), and "Jogo" - Game (This last one is controversial, with dialects like Paulistano considering it non-homophonic, while dialects like Caipira consider it only homophonic, noting that these are two Brazilian dialects.) </p><p>For example, "Cinto" is a homophone for 9 other words, totalizing 10.(Oxford Languages) </p><p>Although they are homophones, most of them are also homographs. </p> <ol><li>Cinto - a strip of varying width made of fabric, leather, or other material, worn around the waist and tied with a bow or fastened with a buckle or other closure.</li> <li>Cinto - any strap or band that encircles the waist or trunk for safety purposes.</li> <li>Cinto - synonymous with "CÓS" (waistband).</li> <li>Cinto - that which surrounds and/or limits a space; fence.</li> <li>Cinto - a ring that encircles something; belt.</li> <li>Cinto - "A metal cinto reinforces the columns."</li> <li>Cinto - synonymous with "ANILHA" (ring).</li> <li>Cinto - a long, narrow bag that travelers attach to the waist or carry over the shoulder.</li> <li>Sinto - to touch and feel the texture.</li> <li>Sinto - to become sensitive to something</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German">German</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophone&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: German"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many homophones in present-day standard German. As in other languages, however, there exists regional and/or individual variation in certain groups of words or in single words, so that the number of homophones varies accordingly. Regional variation is especially common in words that exhibit the long vowels <i>ä</i> and <i>e</i>. According to the well-known dictionary <a href="/wiki/Duden" title="Duden">Duden</a>, these vowels should be distinguished as /ɛ:/ and /e:/, but this is not always the case, so that words like <i>Ähre</i> (ear of corn) and <i>Ehre</i> (honor) may or may not be homophones. Individual variation is shown by a pair like <i>Gäste</i> (guests) – <i>Geste</i> (gesture), the latter of which varies between /ˈɡe:stə/ and /ˈɡɛstə/ and by a pair like <i>Stiel</i> (handle, stalk) – <i>Stil</i> (style), the latter of which varies between /ʃtiːl/ and /stiːl/. </p><p>Besides websites that offer extensive lists of German homophones,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there are others which provide numerous sentences with various types of homophones.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the German language homophones occur in more than 200 instances. Of these, a few are triples like </p> <ul><li><i>Waagen</i> (weighing scales) – <i>Wagen</i> (cart) – <i>wagen</i> (to dare)</li> <li><i>Waise</i> (orphan) – <i>Weise</i> (way, manner) – <i>weise</i> (wise)</li></ul> <p>Most are couples like <i>lehren</i> (to teach) – <i>leeren</i> (to empty). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish">Spanish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophone&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Spanish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Spanish has far fewer homophones than English, they are far from being non-existent. Some are homonyms, such as <i>basta</i>, which can either mean 'enough' or 'coarse', and some exist because of homophonous letters. For example, the letters <i>b</i> and <i>v</i> are pronounced exactly alike, so the words <i>basta</i> (coarse) and <i>vasta</i> (vast) are pronounced identically.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other homonyms are spelled the same, but mean different things in different genders. For example, the masculine noun <i>el capital</i> means 'capital' as in 'money', but the feminine noun <i>la capital</i> means 'capital city'.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese">Japanese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophone&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Japanese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many homophones in Japanese, due to the use of <a href="/wiki/Sino-Japanese_vocabulary" title="Sino-Japanese vocabulary">Sino-Japanese vocabulary</a>, where borrowed words and morphemes from Chinese are widely used in Japanese, but many sound differences, such as the original <a href="/wiki/Tones_in_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Tones in Chinese">words' tones</a>, are lost.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These are to some extent disambiguated via Japanese pitch accent (i.e. <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">日本</span></span> vs. <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">二本</span></span>, both pronounced <i>nihon</i>, but with different pitches), or from context, but many of these words are primarily or almost exclusively used in writing, where they are easily distinguished as they are written with different <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a>; others are used for puns, which are frequent in Japanese. </p><p>An extreme example is <i><b>kikō</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">hiragana</a>: <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">きこう</span></span>), which is the pronunciation of at least 22 words (some quite rare or specialized, others common; all these examples are two-character compounds), including: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 12em;"> <ul><li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">機構</span></span> (organization / mechanism)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">紀行</span></span> (travelogue)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">稀覯</span></span> (rare)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">騎行</span></span> (horseback riding)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">貴校</span></span> (school (respectful))</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">奇功</span></span> (outstanding achievement)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">貴公</span></span> (word for "you" used by men addressing male equals or inferiors)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">起稿</span></span> (draft)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">奇行</span></span> (eccentricity)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">機巧</span></span> (contrivance)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">寄港</span></span> (stopping at port)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">帰校</span></span> (returning to school)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">気功</span></span> (breathing exercise, qigong)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">寄稿</span></span> (contribute an article / a written piece)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">機甲</span></span> (armor, e.g. of a tank)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">帰航</span></span> (homeward voyage)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">奇効</span></span> (remarkable effect)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">季候</span></span> (season / climate)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">気孔</span></span> (stoma)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">起工</span></span> (setting to work)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">気候</span></span> (climate)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">帰港</span></span> (returning to port)</li></ul> </div> <p>Even some native Japanese words are homophones. For example, <i><b>kami</b></i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">かみ</span></span>) is the pronunciation of the words </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 12em;"> <ul><li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">紙</span></span> (paper)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">髪</span></span> (hair)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">神</span></span> (god / spirit)</li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">上</span></span> (up)</li></ul> </div> <p>The former two words are disambiguated from the latter two by pitch accent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Korean">Korean</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophone&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Korean"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Korean language contains a combination of words that strictly belong to Korean and words that are <a href="/wiki/Loanwords" class="mw-redirect" title="Loanwords">loanwords</a> from Chinese. Due to Chinese being pronounced with varying <a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">tones</a> and Korean's removal of those tones, and because the modern Korean writing system, Hangeul, has a more finite number of phonemes than, for example, Latin-derived alphabets such as that of English, there are many homonyms with both the same spelling and pronunciation. For example </p> <ul><li>'<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">화장(化粧)하다</span></span>': 'to put on makeup' vs. '<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">화장(火葬)하다</span></span>': 'to cremate'</li> <li>'<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%82%B0" class="extiw" title="wikt:유산">유산</a>(<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E7%94%A3" class="extiw" title="wikt:遺産">遺産</a>)</span></span>': 'inheritance' vs. '<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">유산(<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E7%94%A3" class="extiw" title="wikt:流産">流産</a>)</span></span>': 'miscarriage'</li> <li>'<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EB%B0%A9%EA%B5%AC" class="extiw" title="wikt:방구">방구</a></span></span>': 'fart' vs. '<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EB%B0%A9%EA%B5%AC" class="extiw" title="wikt:방구">방구</a>(<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E5%85%B7" class="extiw" title="wikt:防具">防具</a>)</span></span>': 'guard'</li> <li>'밤[밤ː]': 'chestnut' vs. '밤': 'night'</li></ul> <p>There are heterographs, but far fewer, contrary to the tendency in English. For example, </p> <ul><li>'학문(學問)': 'learning' vs. '항문(肛門)': 'anus'.</li></ul> <p>Using <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">hanja</a> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">한자</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">漢字</span></span>), which are <a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a>, such words are written differently. </p><p>As in other languages, Korean homonyms can be used to make puns. The context in which the word is used indicates which meaning is intended by the speaker or writer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mandarin_Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophone&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mandarin Chinese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to phonological constraints in <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a> syllables (as Mandarin only allows for an initial consonant, a vowel, and a nasal or retroflex consonant in respective order), there are only a little over 400 possible unique syllables that can be produced,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> compared to over 15,831 in the English language.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chinese has an entire genre of poems taking advantage of the large amount of homophones called <a href="/wiki/One-syllable_article" title="One-syllable article">one-syllable articles</a>, or poems where every single word in the poem is pronounced as the same syllable if tones are disregarded. An example is the <i><a href="/wiki/Lion-Eating_Poet_in_the_Stone_Den" title="Lion-Eating Poet in the Stone Den">Lion-Eating Poet in the Stone Den</a>.</i> </p><p>Like all Chinese languages, Mandarin uses phonemic tones to distinguish homophonic syllables; Mandarin has five tones. A famous example, </p> <ul><li><i>mā</i> (妈) means "mother"</li> <li><i>má</i> (麻) means "hemp"</li> <li><i>mă</i> (马) means "horse"</li> <li><i>mà</i> (骂) means "scold"</li> <li><i>ma</i> (吗) is a yes / no question particle</li></ul> <p>Although all these words consist of the same string of consonants and vowels, the only way to distinguish each of these words audibly is by listening to which tone the word has, and as shown above, saying a consonant-vowel string using a different tone can produce an entirely different word altogether. If tones are included, the number of unique syllables in Mandarin increases to at least 1,522.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, even with tones, Mandarin retains a very large amount of homophones. <i>Yì</i>, for example, has at least 125 homophones,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it is the pronunciation used for <a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a> such as 义, 意, 易, 亿, 议, 一, and 已. </p><p>There are even place names in China that have identical pronunciations, aside for the difference in tone. For example, there are two neighboring provinces with nearly identical names, <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a> (山西) and <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a> (陕西) Province. The only difference in pronunciation between the two names are the tone in the first syllable (Shanxi is pronounced <i>Shānxī</i> whereas Shaanxi is pronounced <i>Shǎnxī</i>)<i>.</i> As most languages exclude the <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_tones" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandarin tones">tone</a> <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a> when transcribing Chinese place names into their own languages, the only way to visually distinguish the two names is to write Shaanxi in <a href="/wiki/Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a> <a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">romanization</a>. Otherwise, nearly all other spellings of placenames in mainland China are spelled using <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a> romanization. </p><p>Many scholars believe that the Chinese language did not always have such a large number of homophones and that the phonological structure of Chinese syllables was once more complex, which allowed for a larger amount of possible syllables so that words sounded more distinct from each other. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Old_Chinese_phonology" title="Old Chinese phonology">Old Chinese phonology</a></div> <p>Scholars also believe that Old Chinese had no phonemic tones, but tones emerged in <a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a> to replace sounds that were lost from Old Chinese. Since words in Old Chinese sounded more distinct from each other at this time, it explains why many words in <a href="/wiki/Classical_Chinese" title="Classical Chinese">Classical Chinese</a> consisted of only one syllable. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a> word 狮子(<i>shīzi</i>, meaning "lion") was simply 狮 (<i>shī</i>) in Classical Chinese, and the Standard Mandarin word 教育 (<i>jiàoyù,</i> "education") was simply 教 (<i>jiào</i>) in Classical Chinese. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Classical_Chinese_lexicon" title="Classical Chinese lexicon">Classical Chinese lexicon</a></div> <p>Since many Chinese words became homophonic over the centuries, it became difficult to distinguish words when listening to documents written in Classical Chinese being read aloud. One-syllable articles like those mentioned above are evidence for this. For this reason, many one-syllable words from Classical Chinese became two-syllable words, like the words mentioned in the previous paragraph. </p><p>Even with the existence of two- or two-syllable words, however, there are even multisyllabic homophones. And there are also a lot of harmonic words. The cultural phenomenon brought about by such linguistic characteristics is that from ancient times to the present day, people have been keen to play games and jokes with homophonic and harmonic words. In modern life, the influence of homophones can be seen everywhere, from CCTV evening sketch programmes, folk art performances and popular folk life. In recent years, receiving the influence of Internet pop culture, young people have invented more new and popular homophones.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Homophones even play a major role in daily life throughout China, including Spring Festival traditions, which gifts to give (and not give), political criticism, texting, and many other aspects of people's lives.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Homophonic_puns_in_Standard_Chinese" title="Homophonic puns in Standard Chinese">Homophonic puns in Standard Chinese</a></div> <p>Another complication that arises within the Chinese language is that in non-rap songs, tones are disregarded in favor of maintaining <a href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">melody</a> in the song.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While in most cases, the lack of phonemic tones in music does not cause confusion among native speakers, there are instances where <a href="/wiki/Pun" title="Pun">puns</a> may arise. </p><p>Subtitles in Chinese characters are usually displayed on music videos and in songs sung on movies and TV shows to disambiguate the song's lyrics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian">Russian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophone&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Russian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The presence of homophones in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian language</a> is associated in some cases with the phenomenon of devoicing of consonants at the end of words and before another consonant sound, in other cases with the reduction of vowels in an unstressed position. Examples include: поро<b>г</b> — п<b>о</b>ро<b>к</b> — п<b>а</b>рок, лу<b>г</b> — лу<b>к</b>, пло<b>д</b> — пло<b>т</b>, ту<b>ш</b> — ту<b>шь</b>, падё<b>ж</b> — падё<b>шь</b>, ба<b>л</b> — ба<b>лл</b>, ко<b>сн</b>ый — ко<b>стн</b>ый, пр<b>е</b>дать — пр<b>и</b>дать, к<b>о</b>мпания — к<b>а</b>мпания, к<b>о</b>сатка — к<b>а</b>сатка, прив<b>и</b>дение — прив<b>е</b>дение, ко<b>т</b> — ко<b>д</b>, пру<b>т</b> — пру<b>д</b>, т<b>и</b>трация — т<b>е</b>трация, компл<b>и</b>мент — компл<b>е</b>мент. </p><p>Also, the infinitive and the present (or simple future) tense of the third person of the same verb are often pronounced the same way (in writing they differ in the presence or absence of the letter <a href="/wiki/Soft_sign" title="Soft sign">Ь</a> (soft sign) before the postfix -ся): (надо) решиться — (он) решится, (хочу) строиться — (дом) строится, (металл может) гнуться — (деревья) гнутся, (должен) вернуться — (они) вернутся. This often leads to incorrect spelling of reflexive verbs ending with -ться/-тся: in some cases, Ь is mistakenly placed before -ся in the present tense of the third person, while in others, on the contrary, Ь before -ся is missing in the infinitive form. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vietnamese">Vietnamese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophone&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Vietnamese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is estimated that there are approximately 4,500 to 4,800 possible syllables in Vietnamese, depending on the dialect.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exact number is difficult to calculate because there are significant differences in pronunciation among the dialects. For example, the graphemes and digraphs "d", "gi", and "r" are all pronounced /z/ in the Hanoi dialect, so the words <i>dao</i> (knife), <i>giao</i> (delivery), and <i>rao</i> (advertise) are all pronounced /zaw˧/. In Saigon dialect, however, the graphemes and digraphs "d", "gi", and "v" are all pronounced /j/, so the words <i>dao</i> (knife), <i>giao</i> (delivery), and <i>vao</i> (enter) are all pronounced /jaw˧/. </p><p>Pairs of words that are homophones in one dialect may not be homophones in the other. For example, the words <i>sắc</i> (sharp) and <i>xắc</i> (dice) are both pronounced /săk˧˥/ in Hanoi dialect, but pronounced /ʂăk˧˥/ and /săk˧˥/ in Saigon dialect respectively. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_phonology" title="Vietnamese phonology">Vietnamese phonology</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Psychological_research">Psychological research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophone&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Psychological research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pseudo-homophones">Pseudo-homophones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophone&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Pseudo-homophones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pseudo-homophones are <a href="/wiki/Pseudoword" title="Pseudoword">pseudowords</a> that are <a href="/wiki/Phonetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Phonetic">phonetically</a> identical to a word. For example, groan/grone and crane/crain are pseudo-homophone pairs, whereas plane/plain is a homophone pair since both letter strings are recognised words. Both types of pairs are used in <a href="/wiki/Lexical_decision_task" title="Lexical decision task">lexical decision tasks</a> to investigate <a href="/wiki/Word_recognition" title="Word recognition">word recognition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_as_ambiguous_information">Use as ambiguous information</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophone&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Use as ambiguous information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Homophones, specifically heterographs, where one spelling is of a threatening nature and one is not (<i>e.g.</i> slay/sleigh, war/wore) have been used in studies of <a href="/wiki/Anxiety" title="Anxiety">anxiety</a> as a test of cognitive models that those with high anxiety tend to interpret ambiguous information in a threatening manner.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophone&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Do-Re-Mi" title="Do-Re-Mi">Do-Re-Mi</a>", a <a href="/wiki/Show_tune" title="Show tune">show tune</a> from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_of_Music" title="The Sound of Music">The Sound of Music</a></i> that uses homophones (e.g. "doe", "ray", "me") to explain the notes in the <a href="/wiki/Solf%C3%A8ge" title="Solfège">solfège</a> scale</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homograph" title="Homograph">Homograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homonym" title="Homonym">Homonym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synonym" title="Synonym">Synonym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dajare" title="Dajare">Dajare</a>, a type of wordplay involving similar-sounding phrases</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfect_rhyme" class="mw-redirect" title="Perfect rhyme">Perfect rhyme</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Wiktionary</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:List_of_dialect-independent_homophones" class="extiw" title="wikt:Appendix:List of dialect-independent homophones">List of dialect-independent homophones</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:List_of_dialect-dependent_homophones" class="extiw" title="wikt:Appendix:List of dialect-dependent homophones">List of dialect-dependent homophones</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophone&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> According to the strict sense of homonyms as words with the same spelling <i>and</i> pronunciation; however, homonyms according to the loose sense common in nontechnical contexts are words with the same spelling <i>or</i> pronunciation, in which case all homophones are also homonyms.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> The name <i>oronym</i> was first proposed and advocated by <a href="/wiki/Gyles_Brandreth" title="Gyles Brandreth">Gyles Brandreth</a> in his book <i>The Joy of Lex</i> (1980), and such use was also accepted in the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> programme <i>Never Mind the Full Stops</i>, which featured Brandreth as a guest.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophone&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083418/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/homonym?r=66">"Homonym"</a>. <i>Random House Unabridged Dictionary</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/homonym?r=66">the original</a> on 4 March 2016 – via Dictionary.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Homonym&rft.btitle=Random+House+Unabridged+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fbrowse%2Fhomonym%3Fr%3D66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomophone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoom199675-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoom199675_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoom1996">Room 1996</a>, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStewart201591,_237-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewart201591,_237_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStewart2015">Stewart 2015</a>, p. 91, 237.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurkardt,_J." class="citation web cs1">Burkardt, J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160825095711/http://people.sc.fsu.edu/~jburkardt/fun/wordplay/multinyms.html">"Multinyms"</a>. Department of Scientific Computing. Fun / wordplay. <a href="/wiki/Florida_State_University" title="Florida State University">Florida State University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.sc.fsu.edu/~jburkardt/fun/wordplay/multinyms.html">the original</a> on 25 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Multinyms&rft.series=Fun+%2F+wordplay&rft.pub=Florida+State+University&rft.au=Burkardt%2C+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeople.sc.fsu.edu%2F~jburkardt%2Ffun%2Fwordplay%2Fmultinyms.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomophone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, e.g. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yumpu.com/de/document/view/6941949/homophone-und-homonyme-im-deutschen-homophone-">"Homophone und homonyme im deutschen Homophone"</a>. <i>yumpu.com</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308171812/https://www.yumpu.com/de/document/view/6941949/homophone-und-homonyme-im-deutschen-homophone-">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=yumpu.com&rft.atitle=Homophone+und+homonyme+im+deutschen+Homophone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yumpu.com%2Fde%2Fdocument%2Fview%2F6941949%2Fhomophone-und-homonyme-im-deutschen-homophone-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomophone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Fausto_Cercignani" title="Fausto Cercignani">Fausto Cercignani</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200529060045/https://sites.unimi.it/austheod/FC_DEUTSCHE_HOMOPHONE.htm">"Beispielsätze mit deutschen Homophonen"</a> [Example sentences with German homophones] (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sites.unimi.it/austheod/FC_DEUTSCHE_HOMOPHONE.htm">the original</a> on 29 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beispiels%C3%A4tze+mit+deutschen+Homophonen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsites.unimi.it%2Faustheod%2FFC_DEUTSCHE_HOMOPHONE.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomophone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/some-spanish-homophones-3080303">"51 Spanish Words That Sound Exactly Like Other Spanish Words"</a>. <i>ThoughtCo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThoughtCo&rft.atitle=51+Spanish+Words+That+Sound+Exactly+Like+Other+Spanish+Words&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fsome-spanish-homophones-3080303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomophone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/doubly-gendered-basics-3079264">"37 Spanish Nouns Whose Meanings Change With Gender"</a>. <i>ThoughtCo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ThoughtCo&rft.atitle=37+Spanish+Nouns+Whose+Meanings+Change+With+Gender&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fdoubly-gendered-basics-3079264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomophone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newconceptmandarin.com/learn-chinese-blog/similarities-chinese-english/">"Is there any similarity between Chinese and English?"</a>. <i>Learn Mandarin Chinese Online</i>. Study Online Mandarin Chinese Courses. 7 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125191859/https://www.newconceptmandarin.com/learn-chinese-blog/similarities-chinese-english/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Learn+Mandarin+Chinese+Online&rft.atitle=Is+there+any+similarity+between+Chinese+and+English%3F&rft.date=2017-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newconceptmandarin.com%2Flearn-chinese-blog%2Fsimilarities-chinese-english%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomophone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarker2016" class="citation web cs1">Barker (22 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160822211027/http://semarch.linguistics.fas.nyu.edu/barker/Syllables/index.txt">"Syllables"</a>. Linguistics. <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://semarch.linguistics.fas.nyu.edu/barker/Syllables/index.txt">the original</a> on 22 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syllables&rft.pub=New+York+University&rft.date=2016-08-22&rft.au=Barker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsemarch.linguistics.fas.nyu.edu%2Fbarker%2FSyllables%2Findex.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomophone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21714701">"Compare that with 413 syllables for Chinese if you ignore tones, 1,522 syllables"</a>. <i>news.ycombinator.com</i>. Hacker News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414135813/https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21714701">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.ycombinator.com&rft.atitle=Compare+that+with+413+syllables+for+Chinese+if+you+ignore+tones%2C+1%2C522+syllables&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.ycombinator.com%2Fitem%3Fid%3D21714701&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomophone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChang" class="citation web cs1">Chang, Chao-Huang. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W93-0311.pdf">"Corpus-based adaptation mechanisms for Chinese Homophone disambiguation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414135958/https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W93-0311.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 14 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Corpus-based+adaptation+mechanisms+for+Chinese+Homophone+disambiguation&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Chao-Huang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aclweb.org%2Fanthology%2FW93-0311.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomophone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chinesevoyage.org/mandarin-homophones-explained/">"Mandarin Homophones Explained: Enhance Your Chinese Language Skills"</a>. <i>chinesevoyage.org</i>. 5 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chinesevoyage.org&rft.atitle=Mandarin+Homophones+Explained%3A+Enhance+Your+Chinese+Language+Skills&rft.date=2024-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchinesevoyage.org%2Fmandarin-homophones-explained%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomophone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yoyochinese.com/blog/Chinese-Homophones-Chinese-Customs">"Chinese Homophones and Chinese Customs"</a>. <i>yoyochinese.com</i> (blog). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210409045334/https://www.yoyochinese.com/blog/Chinese-Homophones-Chinese-Customs">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=yoyochinese.com&rft.atitle=Chinese+Homophones+and+Chinese+Customs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yoyochinese.com%2Fblog%2FChinese-Homophones-Chinese-Customs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomophone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dlsdc.com/blog/how-do-people-sing-in-a-tonal-language/">"How do people sing in a tonal language?"</a>. <i>Diplomatic Language Services</i>. 8 September 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201128111951/https://dlsdc.com/blog/how-do-people-sing-in-a-tonal-language/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Diplomatic+Language+Services&rft.atitle=How+do+people+sing+in+a+tonal+language%3F&rft.date=2016-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdlsdc.com%2Fblog%2Fhow-do-people-sing-in-a-tonal-language%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomophone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pronunciator.com/rj7v7/aac5d9-vietnamese-tone-marks-pronunciation">"vietnamese tone marks pronunciation"</a>. <i>pronunciator.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220518011953/https://www.pronunciator.com/rj7v7/aac5d9-vietnamese-tone-marks-pronunciation">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pronunciator.com&rft.atitle=vietnamese+tone+marks+pronunciation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpronunciator.com%2Frj7v7%2Faac5d9-vietnamese-tone-marks-pronunciation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomophone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin,_R.C.1982" class="citation journal cs1">Martin, R.C. (1982). "The pseudohomophone effect: The role of visual similarity in non-word decisions". <i>Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology</i>. <b>34A</b> (Pt 3): 395–409. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14640748208400851">10.1080/14640748208400851</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6890218">6890218</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41699283">41699283</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quarterly+Journal+of+Experimental+Psychology&rft.atitle=The+pseudohomophone+effect%3A+The+role+of+visual+similarity+in+non-word+decisions&rft.volume=34A&rft.issue=Pt+3&rft.pages=395-409&rft.date=1982&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A41699283%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6890218&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14640748208400851&rft.au=Martin%2C+R.C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomophone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMogg,_K.Bradley,_B.P.Miller,_T.Potts,_H.1994" class="citation journal cs1">Mogg, K.; Bradley, B.P.; Miller, T.; Potts, H.; Glenwright, J.; Kentish, J. (1994). "Interpretation of homophones related to threat: Anxiety or response bias effects?". <i>Cognitive Therapy and Research</i>. <b>18</b> (5): 461–477. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02357754">10.1007/BF02357754</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:36150769">36150769</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cognitive+Therapy+and+Research&rft.atitle=Interpretation+of+homophones+related+to+threat%3A+Anxiety+or+response+bias+effects%3F&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=461-477&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02357754&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A36150769%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Mogg%2C+K.&rft.au=Bradley%2C+B.P.&rft.au=Miller%2C+T.&rft.au=Potts%2C+H.&rft.au=Glenwright%2C+J.&rft.au=Kentish%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomophone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophone&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 22em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranklyn1966" class="citation book cs1">Franklyn, Julian (1966). <i>Which Witch?</i> (1st ed.). New York, NY: Dorset Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88029-164-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-88029-164-8"><bdi>0-88029-164-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Which+Witch%3F&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Dorset+Press&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=0-88029-164-8&rft.aulast=Franklyn&rft.aufirst=Julian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomophone" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoom1996" class="citation book cs1">Room, Adrian (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XEtiAAAAMAAJ"><i>An Alphabetical Guide to the Language of Name Studies</i></a>. Lanham and London, UK: The Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-081083169-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-081083169-8"><bdi>978-081083169-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414154830/https://books.google.com/books?id=XEtiAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Alphabetical+Guide+to+the+Language+of+Name+Studies&rft.place=Lanham+and+London%2C+UK&rft.pub=The+Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-081083169-8&rft.aulast=Room&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXEtiAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomophone" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2015" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, Garrett (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T-5IDwAAQBAJ"><i>The Deed of Reading: Literature, writing, language, philosophy</i></a>. Ithaca, NY and London, UK: Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-150170170-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-150170170-2"><bdi>978-150170170-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414155419/https://books.google.com/books?id=T-5IDwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Deed+of+Reading%3A+Literature%2C+writing%2C+language%2C+philosophy&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+NY+and+London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-150170170-2&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Garrett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT-5IDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomophone" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homophone&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/homophone" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/homophone">homophone</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homophone.com">Homophone.com</a> – a list of American homophones with a searchable database.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pisgahpress.com/authors/a-d-reed/">Reed's homophones</a> – a book of sound-alike words published in 2012</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.homophones.ml/">Homophones.ml</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506173704/https://homophones.ml/">Archived</a> 6 May 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – a collection of homophones and their definitions</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homophonemachine.allaboutlearningpress.com/">Homophone Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210514013908/https://homophonemachine.allaboutlearningpress.com/">Archived</a> 14 May 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – swaps homophones in any sentence</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mingle-ish.com/useful-tips-and-information-for-learning-english/homophones/">Useful tips ... English homophones</a> – homophones list, activities and worksheets</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lexicology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lexicology" title="Template:Lexicology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li 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style="width:1%">Elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherology" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherology">Chereme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyph" title="Glyph">Glyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemma_(morphology)" title="Lemma (morphology)">Lemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexeme" title="Lexeme">Lexeme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morpheme" title="Morpheme">Morpheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">Phoneme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seme_(semantics)" title="Seme (semantics)">Seme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sememe" title="Sememe">Sememe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Semantic" class="mw-redirect" title="Semantic">Semantic</a> relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" 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