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class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">RCA</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="hatnote">This article is about the former RCA Corporation. For information on products bearing the RCA trademark since 1986, see <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_(trademark)" title="RCA (trademark)">RCA (trademark)</a>. For the record label of the same name, see <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Music_Group" title="RCA Music Group">RCA Music Group</a> and <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Records" title="RCA Records">RCA Records</a>. For the home electronic audio and video connector, see <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_connector" title="RCA connector">RCA connector</a>.</div> <div class="hatnote">For other uses, see <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_(disambiguation)" title="RCA (disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig">RCA (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em"> <caption class="fn org">RCA Corporation</caption> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="logo" style="text-align:center"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCA_Electronics_(_logo).svg" class="image" title="RCA Logo"><img alt="RCA Logo" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8e/RCA_Electronics_%28_logo%29.svg/220px-RCA_Electronics_%28_logo%29.svg.png" width="220" height="65" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8e/RCA_Electronics_%28_logo%29.svg/330px-RCA_Electronics_%28_logo%29.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8e/RCA_Electronics_%28_logo%29.svg/440px-RCA_Electronics_%28_logo%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="148" data-file-height="44"/></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;">Founded</th> <td style="line-height:1.35em;">1919</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;">Defunct</th> <td style="line-height:1.35em;">1986</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;">Headquarters</th> <td class="label" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_state" title="New York state" class="mw-redirect">New York</a>,<br/> United States<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Key people</div> </th> <td class="agent" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Sarnoff" title="David Sarnoff">David Sarnoff</a>, first general manager</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;">Products</th> <td style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Photophone" title="RCA Photophone">RCA Photophone</a><br/> <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">Electric Phonograph</a><br/> <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videodisc" title="Videodisc">Videodisc</a><br/> <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television" title="Television">RCA Televisions</a><br/> <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Studio_II" title="RCA Studio II">RCA Studio II</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_(business)" title="Division (business)">Divisions</a></th> <td style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Broadcasting_Company" title="National Broadcasting Company" class="mw-redirect">NBC</a></td> </tr> </table> <p><b>RCA Corporation</b>, founded as the <b>Radio Corporation of America</b>, was an <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> electronics company in existence from 1919<sup id="cite_ref-rca.com_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rca.com-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> to 1986 when <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> took over the company in 1985<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> and split it up the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>The <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_(trademark)" title="RCA (trademark)">RCA trademark</a> is used by <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment" title="Sony Music Entertainment">Sony Music Entertainment</a> and <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technicolor_SA" title="Technicolor SA">Technicolor</a>, which licenses the name to other companies such as <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiovox" title="Audiovox" class="mw-redirect">Audiovox</a> and <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCL_Corporation" title="TCL Corporation">TCL Corporation</a> for products descended from that common ancestor.<sup id="cite_ref-rca.com_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rca.com-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p></p> <div id="toc" class="toc"> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Origins"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Origins</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Organization_by_General_Electric"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Organization by General Electric</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Establishment"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Establishment</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Broadcast_expansion"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Broadcast expansion</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Radio"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Radio</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Phonograph"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Phonograph</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Separation_from_General_Electric"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Separation from General Electric</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Electronic_television"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Electronic television</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Diversification"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Diversification</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Later_years"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Later years</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Takeover_and_break-up_by_GE"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Takeover and break-up by GE</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Legacy"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Legacy</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Environmental_record"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Environmental record</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Photo_gallery"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Photo gallery</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <p></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Origins">Origins</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Organization_by_General_Electric">Organization by General Electric</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Organization by General Electric">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>After <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> began in August 1914, radio traffic across the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> increased dramatically after the western Allies cut the German transatlantic <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_communication_cable" title="Submarine communication cable" class="mw-redirect">telegraph cables</a>. Germany, Austria-Hungary, and their allies in Europe (the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a>) maintained contact with neutral countries in <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Americas" title="The Americas" class="mw-redirect">the Americas</a> via long-distance <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_communication" title="Radio communication" class="mw-redirect">radio communications</a>, as well as telegraph cables owned by neutral countries such as the Netherlands and Denmark.</p> <p>In 1917 the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">government of the United States</a> took charge of the patents owned by the major companies involved in <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a> manufacture in the United States to devote <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_technology" title="Radio technology" class="mw-redirect">radio technology</a> to the war effort. All production of radio equipment was allocated to the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Army" title="U.S. Army" class="mw-redirect">U.S. Army</a>, <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Navy" title="U.S. Navy" class="mw-redirect">U.S. Navy</a>, <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Marine_Corps" title="U.S. Marine Corps" class="mw-redirect">U.S. Marine Corps</a>, and the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Coast_Guard" title="U.S. Coast Guard" class="mw-redirect">U.S. Coast Guard</a>. The <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_War" title="United States Department of War">War Department</a> and the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">Navy Department</a> sought to maintain a federal <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopoly</a> of all uses of radio technology. The wartime takeover of all radio systems ended late in 1918, when the U.S. Congress failed to pass a bill which would have extended this monopoly. The war ended in November of that year.</p> <p>The ending of the federal government's monopoly in radio communications did not prevent the War and Navy Departments from creating a national radio system for the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> On 8 April 1919, naval <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiral_(United_States)" title="Admiral (United States)">Admiral</a> W. H. G. Bullard and <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_(U.S._Navy)" title="Captain (U.S. Navy)" class="mw-redirect">Captain</a> Stanford C. Hooper met with executives of the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric Corporation</a> (GE) and asked them to discontinue selling the company's <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexanderson_alternator" title="Alexanderson alternator">Alexanderson alternators</a> (used in the high-power <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amplitude_modulation" title="Amplitude modulation">AM</a> <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_transmitter" title="Radio transmitter" class="mw-redirect">radio transmitters</a> of that era) to the British-owned <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marconi_Company" title="Marconi Company">Marconi Company</a>, and to its subsidiary, the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America.</p> <p>The proposal presented by the government was that if GE created an American-owned radio company, then the Army and Navy would effect a monopoly of long-distance radio communications via this company. This marked the beginning of a series of negotiations through which GE would buy the American Marconi company and then <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incorporation_(business)" title="Incorporation (business)">incorporate</a> what would be called the <i><b>Radio Corporation of America</b></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Establishment">Establishment</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Establishment">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCA_original_logo.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/87/RCA_original_logo.png/200px-RCA_original_logo.png" width="200" height="199" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/87/RCA_original_logo.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/87/RCA_original_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="298"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCA_original_logo.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Original RCA logo. A later variation of this logo was revived by BMG after it bought <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Records" title="RCA Records">RCA Records</a> from GE, and is still used by <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment" title="Sony Music Entertainment">Sony Music</a> today.</div> </div> </div> <p>The incorporation of the assets of Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America (including <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Sarnoff" title="David Sarnoff">David Sarnoff</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup>) the Pan-American Telegraph Company, and those already controlled by the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> led to a new publicly held company formed by General Electric (which owned a controlling interest) on October 17, 1919.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> The following cooperation among RCA, General Electric, the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Fruit_Company" title="United Fruit Company">United Fruit Company</a>, the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_(1886)" title="Westinghouse Electric (1886)">Westinghouse Electric Corporation</a>, and <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Telephone_%26_Telegraph" title="American Telephone & Telegraph" class="mw-redirect">American Telephone & Telegraph</a> (AT&T) brought about innovations in high-power <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_technology" title="Radio technology" class="mw-redirect">radio technology</a>, and also the founding of the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Broadcasting_Company" title="National Broadcasting Company" class="mw-redirect">National Broadcasting Company</a> (NBC) in the US. The Army and the Navy granted RCA the former American Marconi radio terminals that had been confiscated during the War. Admiral Bullard received a seat on the Board of Directors of RCA for his efforts in establishing RCA. The result was federally-created monopolies in radio for GE and the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westinghouse_Corporation" title="Westinghouse Corporation" class="mw-redirect">Westinghouse Corporation</a> and in telephone systems for the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Telephone_%26_Telegraph_Company" title="American Telephone & Telegraph Company" class="mw-redirect">American Telephone & Telegraph Company</a>.</p> <p>The argument by the Department of War and the Department of the Navy that the usable radio frequencies were limited, and hence needed to be appropriated for use before other countries, such as the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, France, Germany, and <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> monopolized them, collapsed in the mid-1920s following the discovery of the practicality of the use of the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortwave_radio" title="Shortwave radio">shortwave radio</a> band (3.0 <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megahertz" title="Megahertz" class="mw-redirect">MHz</a> through 30.0 MHz) for very long-range <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_communication" title="Radio communication" class="mw-redirect">radio communications</a>.</p> <p>The first <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief executive officer</a> of RCA was <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen_D._Young" title="Owen D. Young">Owen D. Young</a>; <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Sarnoff" title="David Sarnoff">David Sarnoff</a> became its general manager. RCA's incorporation papers required that a majority of its stock be held by American citizens. RCA agreed to market the radio equipment manufactured by GE and Westinghouse, and in follow-on agreements, RCA also acquired the radio patents that had been held by Westinghouse and the United Fruit Company. As the years went on, RCA either took over, or produced for itself, a large number of patents, including that of the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheterodyne_receiver" title="Superheterodyne receiver">superheterodyne receiver</a> invented by <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Armstrong" title="Edwin Armstrong" class="mw-redirect">Edwin Armstrong</a>.</p> <p>Over the years, RCA continued to operate international telecommunications services, under its subsidiary RCA Communications, Inc., and later the RCA Global Communications Company.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Broadcast_expansion">Broadcast expansion</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Broadcast expansion">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>By 1926 the market for commercial radio had expanded, and RCA purchased the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WFAN" title="WFAN" class="mw-redirect">WEAF</a> and <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WCAP_(defunct)" title="WCAP (defunct)">WCAP</a> radio stations and networks from AT&T, merged them with its WJZ (the predecessor of <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WABC_(AM)" title="WABC (AM)">WABC</a>) New York to WRC (presently <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTEM" title="WTEM">WTEM</a>) Washington chain, and formed the National Broadcasting Company (<a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>).</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Radio">Radio</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Radio">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>GE used RCA as its retail arm for radio sales from 1919, when GE began production, until 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> Westinghouse also marketed home radios through RCA until 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Phonograph">Phonograph</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Phonograph">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Revised_RCA_emblem_from_Big_Spring,_TX,_Museum.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Revised_RCA_emblem_from_Big_Spring%2C_TX%2C_Museum.jpg/200px-Revised_RCA_emblem_from_Big_Spring%2C_TX%2C_Museum.jpg" width="200" height="178" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Revised_RCA_emblem_from_Big_Spring%2C_TX%2C_Museum.jpg/300px-Revised_RCA_emblem_from_Big_Spring%2C_TX%2C_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Revised_RCA_emblem_from_Big_Spring%2C_TX%2C_Museum.jpg/400px-Revised_RCA_emblem_from_Big_Spring%2C_TX%2C_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="528"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Revised_RCA_emblem_from_Big_Spring,_TX,_Museum.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> RCA trademark exhibit at Heritage Museum in <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Spring,_Texas" title="Big Spring, Texas">Big Spring</a>, <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> (2004 photograph)</div> </div> </div> <p>In 1929, RCA purchased the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Talking_Machine_Company" title="Victor Talking Machine Company">Victor Talking Machine Company</a>, then the world's largest manufacturer of <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">phonographs</a> (including the famous "Victrola") and <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record" class="mw-redirect">phonograph records</a>. This included a majority ownership of the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JVC" title="JVC">Victor Company of Japan</a> (JVC). The new subsidiary then became <b>RCA-Victor</b>. With Victor, RCA acquired <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> rights to the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipper" title="Nipper">Nipper</a> trademark. This Trademark is also the trademark for the British music & entertainment company <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMV" title="HMV">HMV</a> who now display Nipper in silhouette. RCA Victor produced many radio-phonographs and also created <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Photophone" title="RCA Photophone">RCA Photophone</a>, a <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound-on-film" title="Sound-on-film">sound-on-film</a> system for sound films that competed with <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Fox_(producer)" title="William Fox (producer)">William Fox</a>'s sound-on-film <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movietone_sound_system" title="Movietone sound system">Movietone</a> and <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a>' <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound-on-disc" title="Sound-on-disc">sound-on-disc</a> <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaphone" title="Vitaphone">Vitaphone</a>.</p> <p>RCA began selling the first electronic <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">turntable</a> in 1930. In 1931, RCA Victor began selling 33⅓ rpm records. These had the standard groove size (the same width as the contemporary 78 rpm records), rather than the "microgroove" used in post-World War II 33⅓ "Long Play" records. The format was a commercial failure at the height of the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, partly because the records and playback equipment were expensive, and partly because the audio performance was poor; it would require the smaller-radius stylus of the microgroove system to make slower-speed records perform acceptably. The system was withdrawn from the market after about a year. (This was not the first attempt at a commercial long play record format, as <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edison_Records" title="Edison Records">Edison Records</a> had marketed a microgroove vertically recorded disc with 20 minutes playing time per side the previous decade; the Edison long-playing records were also a commercial failure.) Also in the Thirties, RCA sold the modernistic RCA Victor M Special, a polished aluminum portable record player designed by <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Vassos" title="John Vassos">John Vassos</a>. It has become an icon of Thirties American <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">industrial design</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In 1930, RCA agreed to occupy the yet-to-be-constructed landmark building of the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockefeller_Center" title="Rockefeller Center">Rockefeller Center</a> complex, <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GE_Building" title="GE Building">30 Rockefeller Plaza</a>, which in 1933 became known as the RCA building, now the GE Building. This critical lease in the massive project enabled it to proceed as a commercially viable venture.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In 1932, RCA introduced the Duo Jr. turntable designed to be plugged into radios.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Separation_from_General_Electric">Separation from General Electric</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Separation from General Electric">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>In 1930, the U.S. Department of Justice brought antitrust charges against RCA, General Electric and Westinghouse. As a result, GE and Westinghouse gave up their ownership interests in RCA. RCA was allowed to keep its radio factories, and GE and Westinghouse were allowed to compete in that business after 30 months.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Electronic_television">Electronic television</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Electronic television">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1939_RCA_Television_Advertisement.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/1939_RCA_Television_Advertisement.jpg/220px-1939_RCA_Television_Advertisement.jpg" width="220" height="309" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/1939_RCA_Television_Advertisement.jpg/330px-1939_RCA_Television_Advertisement.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/1939_RCA_Television_Advertisement.jpg/440px-1939_RCA_Television_Advertisement.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2277" data-file-height="3194"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1939_RCA_Television_Advertisement.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Ad for the beginning of regularly scheduled television broadcasting in New York City by RCA-NBC in April, 1939 via station W2XBS, the forerunner of today's WNBC</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCA_Indian_Head_test_pattern.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/RCA_Indian_Head_test_pattern.JPG/220px-RCA_Indian_Head_test_pattern.JPG" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/RCA_Indian_Head_test_pattern.JPG/330px-RCA_Indian_Head_test_pattern.JPG 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/RCA_Indian_Head_test_pattern.JPG/440px-RCA_Indian_Head_test_pattern.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCA_Indian_Head_test_pattern.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Television <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Head_test_card" title="Indian Head test card" class="mw-redirect">test pattern</a> created by RCA in 1939</div> </div> </div> <p>RCA demonstrated an all-electronic television system at the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1939_New_York_World%27s_Fair" title="1939 New York World's Fair">1939 New York World's Fair</a>, and developed the USA's first television test pattern. RCA began regular experimental television broadcasting from the NBC studios to the New York metropolitan area on April 30, 1939 via station W2XBS, Channel 1 (which evolved into <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNBC" title="WNBC">WNBC</a> channel 4) from a transmitter atop The Empire State Building <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> At the same time, RCA began selling their first television set models in various New York stores <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> With the introduction of the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC" title="NTSC">NTSC</a> standard, the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> authorized the start of commercial television transmission on July 1, 1941. <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> slowed the deployment of television in the US, but RCA again began selling television sets almost immediately after the war ceased. (<i>See also:</i> <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_television" title="History of television">History of television</a>) RCA was involved in <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> and radio development in support of the war effort. RCA ranked 43rd among United States corporations in the value of wartime military production contracts.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> This greatly assisted RCA in its television research.</p> <p>RCA was a major producer of <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_tube" title="Vacuum tube">vacuum tubes</a> (branded <b>Radiotron</b>) in the US, creating a series of innovative products ranging from <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octal_tube" title="Octal tube" class="mw-redirect">octal base</a> metal tubes co-developed with <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> before WWII to the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">transistor</a>-sized <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuvistor" title="Nuvistor">Nuvistor</a> used in the tuners of the New Vista series of TV sets. The Nuvistor tubes were a last hurrah for vacuum tubes, and were meant to compete with the newly introduced transistor. Their combined <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_power" title="Market power">power in the marketplace</a> was so strong that they effectively set the selling prices for vacuum tubes in the US. By 1975, the company had completely switched from tubes to solid-state devices in their television sets, except for the main <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tube" title="Cathode ray tube">cathode ray tube</a>(CRT).</p> <p><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antitrust" title="Antitrust" class="mw-redirect">Antitrust</a> concerns led FCC to force the breakup of the NBC radio networks, a breakup affirmed by the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" title="United States Supreme Court" class="mw-redirect">United States Supreme Court</a>. On October 12, 1943, the "NBC Blue" radio network was sold to candy magnate <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_J._Noble" title="Edward J. Noble" class="mw-redirect">Edward J. Noble</a> for $8,000,000, and renamed "The <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Network" title="Blue Network">Blue Network</a>, Inc". It would become the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">American Broadcasting Company</a> (ABC) in 1946. The "NBC Red" network retained the NBC name, and RCA retained ownership.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Diversification">Diversification</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Diversification">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:177px;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sarnoff_RCA_videotape_recorder_1954.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Sarnoff_RCA_videotape_recorder_1954.jpg/175px-Sarnoff_RCA_videotape_recorder_1954.jpg" width="175" height="240" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Sarnoff_RCA_videotape_recorder_1954.jpg/263px-Sarnoff_RCA_videotape_recorder_1954.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Sarnoff_RCA_videotape_recorder_1954.jpg/350px-Sarnoff_RCA_videotape_recorder_1954.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1494" data-file-height="2048"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sarnoff_RCA_videotape_recorder_1954.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> David Sarnoff with the first RCA videotape recorder, 1954.</div> </div> </div> <p>In 1941, before the attack on <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a>, the cornerstone was laid for a research and development facility, RCA Laboratories in <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton, New Jersey</a>, led for many years by <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmer_William_Engstrom" title="Elmer William Engstrom">Elmer Engstrom</a>. This lab developed many innovations, such as <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_television" title="Color television">color television</a>, the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_microscope" title="Electron microscope">electron microscope</a>, <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMOS" title="CMOS">CMOS</a>-based technology, <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterojunction" title="Heterojunction">heterojunction</a> physics, <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode#Discoveries_and_early_devices" title="Light-emitting diode">optoelectronic emitting devices</a>, <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_crystal_display" title="Liquid crystal display" class="mw-redirect">liquid crystal displays</a> (LCDs), <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocassette_recorder" title="Videocassette recorder">videocassette recorders</a>, <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct-broadcast_satellite" title="Direct-broadcast satellite">direct broadcast television, direct broadcast satellite systems</a> and <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">high-definition television</a>. From 1988 to January 2011, the Lab was called <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarnoff_Corporation" title="Sarnoff Corporation">Sarnoff Corporation</a>, a subsidiary of <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRI_International" title="SRI International">SRI International</a>, after which it was fully integrated into SRI.<sup id="cite_ref-Sarnoff_integration_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sarnoff_integration-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>During World War II and beyond, RCA set up several new divisions, for defense, space exploration and other activities. The RCA Service Corporation provided large numbers of staff for the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distant_Early_Warning_Line" title="Distant Early Warning Line">Distant Early Warning (DEW) Line</a>. RCA units won five <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army%E2%80%93Navy_%E2%80%98E%E2%80%99_Award" title="Army–Navy ‘E’ Award" class="mw-redirect">Army–Navy ‘E’ Awards</a> for Excellence in production.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> Also during the war, ties between RCA and JVC were severed.</p> <p>In 1949, RCA Victor released the first 45 <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_per_minute" title="Revolutions per minute">rpm</a> record to the public, to compete with <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">CBS/Columbia</a>'s 33⅓ rpm "<a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LP_record" title="LP record">LP</a>" format. The RCA 33⅓ rpm "<a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LP_record" title="LP record">LP</a>" records themselves became a reality in 1950,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> and in 1951, so did the CBS/Columbia 45 <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_per_minute" title="Revolutions per minute">rpm</a> record.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In 1953, RCA's all-electronic color TV technology was adopted as the standard for American color TV. It is now known as NTSC (after the "National Television System Committee" that approved it). RCA <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_video_camera" title="Professional video camera">cameras</a> and studio gear, particularly of the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_TK-40" title="RCA TK-40" class="mw-redirect">TK-40/41</a> series, became standard equipment at many American television network <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affiliate" title="Affiliate" class="mw-redirect">affiliates</a>, as RCA <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CT-100" title="CT-100">CT-100</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> ("RCA Merrill" to dealers) television sets introduced color television to the public.</p> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:152px;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCA_Video-Aufzeichnungsger%C3%A4t.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/RCA_Video-Aufzeichnungsger%C3%A4t.jpg/150px-RCA_Video-Aufzeichnungsger%C3%A4t.jpg" width="150" height="190" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/RCA_Video-Aufzeichnungsger%C3%A4t.jpg/225px-RCA_Video-Aufzeichnungsger%C3%A4t.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/RCA_Video-Aufzeichnungsger%C3%A4t.jpg/300px-RCA_Video-Aufzeichnungsger%C3%A4t.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="800"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCA_Video-Aufzeichnungsger%C3%A4t.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> RCA Television Quad head 2" color recorder/ reproducer used at broadcast studios in the late 1960s, 70s and early 80s. Based on a design originally developed by <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampex" title="Ampex">Ampex</a> in the mid-1950s, it used a vertical scanning drum with head motion at 90° to tape direction. This <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadruplex_videotape" title="Quadruplex videotape">method</a> was developed prior to <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helical_scan" title="Helical scan">helical scanning</a>, used in commercial and home tape machines.</div> </div> </div> <p>In 1955, RCA sold its Estate large appliance operations to <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool_Corporation" title="Whirlpool Corporation">Whirlpool Corporation</a>. As part of the deal, Whirlpool was given the right to market "RCA Whirlpool" appliances through the mid-1960s.</p> <p>Despite the company's indisputable leadership in television technology, David Sarnoff in 1955 commented, "Television will never be a medium of entertainment".</p> <p>RCA was one of several major <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a> companies (see also: <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computing" title="Computing">Computing</a>) that also included <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a>, <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burroughs_Corporation" title="Burroughs Corporation">Burroughs</a>, <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_Data_Corporation" title="Control Data Corporation">Control Data Corporation</a>, <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>, <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a>, <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCR_Corporation" title="NCR Corporation">NCR</a> and <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperry_Corporation" title="Sperry Corporation">Sperry Rand</a> through most of the 1960s. RCA marketed the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Spectra_70" title="RCA Spectra 70">Spectra 70</a> Series (models 15, 25, 35, 45, 46, 55, 60 and 61) that were hardware, but not software, compatible with IBM’s <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System/360" title="System/360" class="mw-redirect">System/360</a> series, and the RCA Series (RCA 2, 3, 6, 7) competing against the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_System/370" title="IBM System/370">IBM System/370</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> These systems all ran RCA’s real-memory operating systems, DOS and TDOS. RCA’s virtual memory systems, the Spectra 70/46 and 70/61 and the RCA 3 and 7, could also run their Virtual Memory Operating System, VMOS. VMOS was originally named TSOS (<a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Sharing_Operating_System" title="Time Sharing Operating System">Time Sharing Operating System</a>), but was renamed to expand the system beyond the time-sharing market. TSOS was the first mainframe, demand paging, virtual memory operating system on the market. The <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Electric" title="English Electric">English Electric</a> System 4 range, the 4-10, 4-30, 4-50,4-70 and the time-sharing 4-75 computers were essentially RCA Spectra 70 clones of the IBM System/360 and 370 range. RCA abandoned computers in 1971. <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperry_Corporation" title="Sperry Corporation">Sperry Rand</a> officially took over the RCA base in January 1972.</p> <p>RCA Graphic Systems Division (GSD) was an early supplier of electronics designed for the printing and publishing industries. It contracted with German company <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hell" title="Rudolf Hell">Rudolf Hell</a> to market adaptations of the Digiset photocomposition system as the Videocomp, and a Laser Color Scanner. The Videocomp was supported by a Spectra computer that ran the Page-1 and, later the Page-II and FileComp composition systems. RCA later sold the Videocomp rights to <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_International_Inc." title="Information International Inc." class="mw-redirect">Information International Inc.</a> (III).</p> <p>RCA was a major proponent of the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8-track_tape" title="8-track tape">eight-track tape cartridge</a>, which it launched in 1965. The eight-track cartridge initially had a huge and profitable impact on the consumer marketplace. Sales of the 8-track tape format peaked early as consumers increasingly favored the compact cassette tape format developed by <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a>.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Later_years">Later years</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Later years">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>David Sarnoff, whose ambition and business <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acumen" class="extiw" title="wikt:acumen">acumen</a> had helped RCA become one of the world's largest companies, turned the company over to his son Robert in 1970. David died the next year, aged 80.</p> <p>On September 17, 1971, the <i><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC_Nightly_News" title="NBC Nightly News">NBC Nightly News</a></i> read a news bulletin issued by the RCA Board of Directors just minutes before the broadcast, announcing the Board's decision to cease operation of its general-purpose computer systems division (RCA-CSD). This marked a milestone in RCA's move away from technology and into a diversified <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conglomerate_(company)" title="Conglomerate (company)">conglomerate</a>. (The introduction by IBM of the 370 series required RCA to make a substantial new investment in its computer division, and the Board decided against making that investment.)</p> <p>During the late 1960s and 1970s, <b>RCA Corporation</b>, as it was now formally known, ventured into other markets. Under Robert Sarnoff's leadership, RCA diversified far beyond electronics and communications, in a broader American corporate trend toward "conglomerates." The company acquired <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hertz_Corporation" title="The Hertz Corporation">Hertz</a> (rental cars), <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banquet_Foods" title="Banquet Foods">Banquet</a> (frozen foods), Coronet (carpeting), <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a> (publishing) and Gibson (greeting cards), yet slipped into financial disarray, with wags calling it "Rugs Chickens & Automobiles" to poke fun at their attempt at becoming a conglomerate.<sup id="cite_ref-Chickens_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chickens-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Robert Sarnoff was ousted in a 1975 <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boardroom_coup" title="Boardroom coup">boardroom coup</a> by Anthony Conrad, who resigned a year later after he admitted failing to file income tax returns for six years. RCA maintained its high standards of engineering excellence in broadcast engineering and <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite" title="Satellite">satellite</a> communications equipment, but ventures such as the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> radio and television networks declined.</p> <p>In about 1980, RCA corporate strategy reported on moving manufacture of its television sets to Mexico. RCA was still profitable in 1983, when it switched manufacturing of its VHS VCRs from <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a> to <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitachi,_Ltd." title="Hitachi, Ltd." class="mw-redirect">Hitachi</a>.</p> <p>Forays into new <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_electronics" title="Consumer electronics">consumer electronics</a> products lost money. The <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SelectaVision" title="SelectaVision">SelectaVision</a> <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videodisc" title="Videodisc">videodisc</a> system, not to be confused with the same trademark that RCA applied to its VCRs, never developed the manufacturing volumes to substantially bring down its price, could not compete against cheaper, recordable videotape technology, and was abandoned in 1985 for a write-off of several hundred million dollars.</p> <p>In 1983, <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arista_Records" title="Arista Records">Arista Records</a> owner <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertelsmann" title="Bertelsmann">Bertelsmann</a> sold 50% of Arista to RCA. In 1985, Bertelsmann and RCA formed a joint venture called RCA/Ariola International which took over management of <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Records" title="RCA Records">RCA Records</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bertelsmann.com_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bertelsmann.com-25"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In 1984, RCA Broadcast Systems Division moved from <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camden,_New_Jersey" title="Camden, New Jersey">Camden, New Jersey</a>, to the site of the RCA <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_(radio)" title="Antenna (radio)">antenna</a> engineering facility in <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbsboro,_New_Jersey" title="Gibbsboro, New Jersey">Gibbsboro, New Jersey</a>. In the years that followed, the broadcast product lines developed in Camden were terminated or sold off, and most of the buildings demolished, except for a few of the original RCA Victor buildings that had been declared national historical buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup> For several years, RCA spinoff <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-3_Communications" title="L-3 Communications">L-3 Communications</a> Systems East was headquartered in the building, but has since moved to an adjacent building built by the city for them. The building now houses shops and luxury loft apartments.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Takeover_and_break-up_by_GE">Takeover and break-up by GE</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Takeover and break-up by GE">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Business and financial conditions led to RCA's takeover by GE in 1986 and its subsequent break-up. GE sold its 50% interest in then-RCA/Ariola International Records to its partner <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertelsmann" title="Bertelsmann">Bertelsmann</a> and the company was renamed <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMG" title="BMG" class="mw-redirect">BMG Music</a>, for Bertelsmann Music Group.</p> <p>GE then sold the rights to make RCA- and GE-branded televisions and other consumer electronics products in 1988 to the French <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technicolor_SA" title="Technicolor SA">Thomson Consumer Electronics</a>, in exchange for some of Thomson's medical businesses.</p> <p>RCA Laboratories was transferred to <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRI_International" title="SRI International">SRI International</a> as the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Sarnoff_Research_Center" title="David Sarnoff Research Center" class="mw-redirect">David Sarnoff Research Center</a>, subsequently renamed <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarnoff_Corporation" title="Sarnoff Corporation">Sarnoff Corporation</a>. Sarnoff Labs was put on a five-year plan whereby GE would fund all the labs' activities for the first year, then reduce its support to near zero after the fifth year. This required Sarnoff Labs to change its business model to become an industrial contract research facility.</p> <p>GE sold the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC_Radio_Network" title="NBC Radio Network" class="mw-redirect">NBC Radio Network</a> to <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westwood_One_(1976%E2%80%932011)" title="Westwood One (1976–2011)">Westwood One</a> and all of its radio stations to various owners. In 2011, a controlling interest in the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">National Broadcasting Company</a>, by this time part of the multimedia venture <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC_Universal" title="NBC Universal" class="mw-redirect">NBC Universal</a>, was sold to <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a>, and in 2013, Comcast acquired the remaining interest in the company from General Electric.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>The only RCA unit which GE still owns is Government Services.</p> <p>For information on the RCA brand after 1986, see <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_(trademark)" title="RCA (trademark)">RCA (trademark)</a>.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Legacy">Legacy</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>RCA <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antique_radio" title="Antique radio">antique radios</a> and RCA Merrill/CT-100s and other early color television receivers are among the more sought-after collectible radios and televisions, thanks to their popularity during the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old-time_radio" title="Old-time radio">golden age of radio</a>, their manufacturing quality, their <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> innovations, their <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design" title="Design">styling</a> and their name, RCA. Most collectable are the pre-war television sets manufactured by RCA beginning in 1939, including the TRK-5, TRK-9 and TRK-12 models.</p> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCA_Nipper_Camden_NJ_A.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/RCA_Nipper_Camden_NJ_A.JPG/250px-RCA_Nipper_Camden_NJ_A.JPG" width="250" height="167" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/RCA_Nipper_Camden_NJ_A.JPG/375px-RCA_Nipper_Camden_NJ_A.JPG 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/RCA_Nipper_Camden_NJ_A.JPG/500px-RCA_Nipper_Camden_NJ_A.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2437" data-file-height="1624"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCA_Nipper_Camden_NJ_A.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> The historic RCA Building 17 is one of the few remaining buildings in <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camden,_New_Jersey" title="Camden, New Jersey">Camden, New Jersey</a>, that once housed the vast RCA Victor complex.</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCANipperGlass.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/RCANipperGlass.jpg/250px-RCANipperGlass.jpg" width="250" height="188" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/RCANipperGlass.jpg/375px-RCANipperGlass.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/RCANipperGlass.jpg/500px-RCANipperGlass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCANipperGlass.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> The <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipper" title="Nipper">Nipper</a> stained glass atop the "Nipper Tower" in the former Building 17. This photo, taken from inside the "Nipper Tower", shows the 2003 replacement of the 1978 replacement of the 1915 original glass.</div> </div> </div> <p>The historic RCA Victor Building 17, the "<a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipper_Building" title="Nipper Building">Nipper Building</a>", in <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camden,_New_Jersey" title="Camden, New Jersey">Camden, New Jersey</a>, was converted to luxury apartments in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Environmental_record">Environmental record</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Environmental record">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>A former RCA facility in Taiwan's northern county of <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoyuan_City" title="Taoyuan City">Taoyuan</a> (now Taoyuan City) polluted <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater" title="Groundwater">groundwater</a> with toxic chemicals and led to a high incidence of <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> among former employees.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup> The area was declared a toxic site by the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_Protection_Administration_(Republic_of_China)" title="Environmental Protection Administration (Republic of China)">Taiwanese Environmental Protection Agency</a>. Both GE and Thomson spent millions of dollars for cleanup, removing 10,000 cubic yards (7,600 m<sup>3</sup>) of soil and installing municipal water treatment facilities for neighboring communities. A spokesman for RCA's current owners denied responsibility, saying a study conducted by the Taiwan government showed no correlation between the illnesses and the company's facilities, which shut down in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A plant in <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster, Pennsylvania</a> which RCA operated from the late 1940s to June 1986, released more than 250,000 pounds of <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,1,1-trichloroethane" title="1,1,1-trichloroethane" class="mw-redirect">pollutants</a> per year from its exhaust stacks. Tested by the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a> (EPA) in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the groundwater at the facility is contaminated by <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichloroethylene" title="Trichloroethylene">trichloroethylene</a> (TCE) and <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,2-dichloroethylene" title="1,2-dichloroethylene" class="mw-redirect">1,2-dichloroethylene</a> (1,2-DCE).<sup id="cite_ref-epa.gov_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epa.gov-33"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup> In 1991 and 1992, contaminants were detected in monitoring wells on the east side of the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conestoga_River" title="Conestoga River">Conestoga River</a> in Lancaster.</p> <p>The shallow and deep groundwater <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer">aquifers</a> beneath the Intersil Facility in <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountaintop,_Pennsylvania" title="Mountaintop, Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect">Mountaintop, Pennsylvania</a>, which RCA operated in the 1960s and later sold to <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harris_Corporation" title="Harris Corporation">Harris Corporation</a>, contain elevated levels of <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatile_organic_compound" title="Volatile organic compound">volatile organic compounds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A site in <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burlington,_Massachusetts" title="Burlington, Massachusetts">Burlington, Massachusetts</a> which RCA used from 1958 to 1994 to make and test military electronics equipment, generated <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazardous_waste" title="Hazardous waste">hazardous waste</a> (<a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatile_organic_compound" title="Volatile organic compound">VOCs</a>, <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichloroethylene" title="Trichloroethylene">TCE</a>, <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toluene" title="Toluene">toluene</a>, <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylbenzene" title="Ethylbenzene">ethylbenzene</a>, and <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylene" title="Xylene">xylenes</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barceloneta,_Puerto_Rico" title="Barceloneta, Puerto Rico">Barceloneta</a>, <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, an RCA-operated plant generated wastes containing <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">chromium</a>, <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">selenium</a> and <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>. Four lagoons holding chemical waste drained into the limestone <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer">aquifer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></a></sup> Used water from the manufacturing process (process water), containing <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron(III)_chloride" title="Iron(III) chloride">ferric chloride</a>, was treated onsite to remove contaminants and then was discharged into a <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinkhole" title="Sinkhole">sinkhole</a> at the site. The treatment of process water created a <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sludge" title="Sludge">sludge</a> that was stored onsite in drying beds and in surface impoundments.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span>[</span>38<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampliphase" title="Ampliphase">Ampliphase</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berliner_Gramophone" title="Berliner Gramophone">Berliner Gramophone</a> Company, whose Canadian operation became RCA Victor of Canada</li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_State_Building#Broadcast_stations" title="Empire State Building">Empire State Building broadcast stations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMV" title="HMV">HMV</a> His Masters Voice</li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Mark_II_Sound_Synthesizer" title="RCA Mark II Sound Synthesizer">RCA Mark II Sound Synthesizer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_connector" title="RCA connector">RCA connector</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMOS_4000_series" title="CMOS 4000 series" class="mw-redirect">CMOS 4000 series</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA/Columbia_Pictures_Home_Video" title="RCA/Columbia Pictures Home Video" class="mw-redirect">RCA/Columbia Pictures Home Video</a>, joint venture between RCA and Columbia Pictures</li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RKO_Pictures" title="RKO Pictures">RKO Pictures</a>, founded in part by RCA</li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Photophone" title="RCA Photophone">RCA Photophone</a>, Motion Picture sound recording</li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrofax" title="Electrofax">Electrofax</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Beverage" title="Harold Beverage">Harold H. Beverage</a> vice president of research and development at RCA Communications, Inc.</li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Alexanderson" title="Ernst Alexanderson">Ernst F. W. Alexanderson</a> RCA's first Chief Engineer, 1920–1924</li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._Brown_(Engineer)" title="George H. Brown (Engineer)" class="mw-redirect">George H. Brown</a>, research engineer who headed RCA's development of color television</li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colortrak" title="Colortrak">Colortrak</a> and <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colortrak_2000" title="Colortrak 2000">Colortrak 2000</a>, notable trademarks for RCA's early color television sets</li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensia" title="Dimensia" class="mw-redirect">Dimensia</a>, a high-end advanced trademark TV for RCA</li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Records" title="RCA Records">RCA Records</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Robinson" title="Claude Robinson" class="mw-redirect">Claude Robinson</a>, American pioneer in advertising and opinion survey research</li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_Chain" title="Film Chain" class="mw-redirect">Film Chain</a>—RCA TK-26, TK-27 and TK-28</li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_video_camera" title="Professional video camera">Professional video cameras</a>—TK 47 and more</li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JVC" title="JVC">Victor Company of Japan (JVC)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_phonograph_manufacturers" title="List of phonograph manufacturers">List of phonograph manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missile_Test_Project" title="Missile Test Project">Missile Test Project</a></li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Photo_gallery">Photo gallery</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Photo gallery">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:21.5px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VictorTalkingLogo.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/VictorTalkingLogo.jpg/120px-VictorTalkingLogo.jpg" width="120" height="107" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/VictorTalkingLogo.jpg/180px-VictorTalkingLogo.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/VictorTalkingLogo.jpg/240px-VictorTalkingLogo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="269" data-file-height="240"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/His_Master%27s_Voice" title="His Master's Voice">His Master's Voice</a> logo with <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipper" title="Nipper">Nipper</a> (1921).</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:30px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCA_Nipper_Camden_NJ_B.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/RCA_Nipper_Camden_NJ_B.JPG/120px-RCA_Nipper_Camden_NJ_B.JPG" width="120" height="90" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/RCA_Nipper_Camden_NJ_B.JPG/180px-RCA_Nipper_Camden_NJ_B.JPG 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/RCA_Nipper_Camden_NJ_B.JPG/240px-RCA_Nipper_Camden_NJ_B.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>RCA Nipper window in Camden NJ.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:35px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rca-x551.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Rca-x551.jpg/120px-Rca-x551.jpg" width="120" height="80" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Rca-x551.jpg/180px-Rca-x551.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Rca-x551.jpg/240px-Rca-x551.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>RCA Radio x551, Early '50s AC/DC tabletop radio</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCA-Freedom-19%3F%3F.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/RCA-Freedom-19%3F%3F.jpg/97px-RCA-Freedom-19%3F%3F.jpg" width="97" height="120" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/RCA-Freedom-19%3F%3F.jpg/146px-RCA-Freedom-19%3F%3F.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/RCA-Freedom-19%3F%3F.jpg/194px-RCA-Freedom-19%3F%3F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1582"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>RCA Radio ad.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCA_Victor_TRK_12_(1939),_Wolfsonian-FIU,_Miami,_Florida,_USA_-_20130910.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/RCA_Victor_TRK_12_%281939%29%2C_Wolfsonian-FIU%2C_Miami%2C_Florida%2C_USA_-_20130910.jpg/90px-RCA_Victor_TRK_12_%281939%29%2C_Wolfsonian-FIU%2C_Miami%2C_Florida%2C_USA_-_20130910.jpg" width="90" height="120" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/RCA_Victor_TRK_12_%281939%29%2C_Wolfsonian-FIU%2C_Miami%2C_Florida%2C_USA_-_20130910.jpg/135px-RCA_Victor_TRK_12_%281939%29%2C_Wolfsonian-FIU%2C_Miami%2C_Florida%2C_USA_-_20130910.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/RCA_Victor_TRK_12_%281939%29%2C_Wolfsonian-FIU%2C_Miami%2C_Florida%2C_USA_-_20130910.jpg/180px-RCA_Victor_TRK_12_%281939%29%2C_Wolfsonian-FIU%2C_Miami%2C_Florida%2C_USA_-_20130910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Introduced in 1939, the RCA Victor TRK 12 was the United States' first commercial television set. This one is on display at the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfsonian-FIU" title="Wolfsonian-FIU">Wolfsonian-FIU</a> in <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, Florida.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:37.5px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCA_630-TS_Television.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/RCA_630-TS_Television.jpg/120px-RCA_630-TS_Television.jpg" width="120" height="75" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/RCA_630-TS_Television.jpg/180px-RCA_630-TS_Television.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/RCA_630-TS_Television.jpg/240px-RCA_630-TS_Television.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="1546"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>RCA 630-TS, the first mass-produced television set, which sold in 1946–1947</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCA_Pavilion.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/RCA_Pavilion.jpg/112px-RCA_Pavilion.jpg" width="112" height="120" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/RCA_Pavilion.jpg/167px-RCA_Pavilion.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/RCA_Pavilion.jpg/223px-RCA_Pavilion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="648"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>RCA Pavilion at the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_New_York_World%27s_Fair" title="1964 New York World's Fair">1964 New York World's Fair</a></p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:35.5px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCA_Color_Broadcast_Camera_TK-41C_-_2.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/RCA_Color_Broadcast_Camera_TK-41C_-_2.jpg/120px-RCA_Color_Broadcast_Camera_TK-41C_-_2.jpg" width="120" height="79" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/RCA_Color_Broadcast_Camera_TK-41C_-_2.jpg/180px-RCA_Color_Broadcast_Camera_TK-41C_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/RCA_Color_Broadcast_Camera_TK-41C_-_2.jpg/240px-RCA_Color_Broadcast_Camera_TK-41C_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="1998"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>A 1954 RCA TK-41C Color Broadcast Camera mounted on a dolly.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCA_Camera_in_Rupriikki_Media_Museum_front.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/RCA_Camera_in_Rupriikki_Media_Museum_front.jpg/80px-RCA_Camera_in_Rupriikki_Media_Museum_front.jpg" width="80" height="120" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/RCA_Camera_in_Rupriikki_Media_Museum_front.jpg/120px-RCA_Camera_in_Rupriikki_Media_Museum_front.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/RCA_Camera_in_Rupriikki_Media_Museum_front.jpg/160px-RCA_Camera_in_Rupriikki_Media_Museum_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3465" data-file-height="5202"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>RCA television camera, 1954</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:32px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rcactc101.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/46/Rcactc101.jpg/120px-Rcactc101.jpg" width="120" height="86" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/46/Rcactc101.jpg/180px-Rcactc101.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/46/Rcactc101.jpg/240px-Rcactc101.jpg 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="278"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>RCA <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colortrak" title="Colortrak">Colortrak</a> TV set, using the CTC101 chassis, circa 1980</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:31.5px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCA_Dimensia_Victrola_logo.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ea/RCA_Dimensia_Victrola_logo.JPG/120px-RCA_Dimensia_Victrola_logo.JPG" width="120" height="87" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ea/RCA_Dimensia_Victrola_logo.JPG/180px-RCA_Dimensia_Victrola_logo.JPG 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ea/RCA_Dimensia_Victrola_logo.JPG/240px-RCA_Dimensia_Victrola_logo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2129" data-file-height="1535"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Dimensia" title="RCA Dimensia">RCA Dimensia</a> Victrola logo</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCA_Nipper.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/RCA_Nipper.jpg/116px-RCA_Nipper.jpg" width="116" height="120" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/RCA_Nipper.jpg/175px-RCA_Nipper.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/RCA_Nipper.jpg/233px-RCA_Nipper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1031"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>RCA Nipper atop the old RCA building, Broadway, Albany, New York</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCA_44-BX_Bi-Directional_Velocity_Microphone.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/RCA_44-BX_Bi-Directional_Velocity_Microphone.jpg/78px-RCA_44-BX_Bi-Directional_Velocity_Microphone.jpg" width="78" height="120" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/RCA_44-BX_Bi-Directional_Velocity_Microphone.jpg/117px-RCA_44-BX_Bi-Directional_Velocity_Microphone.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/RCA_44-BX_Bi-Directional_Velocity_Microphone.jpg/157px-RCA_44-BX_Bi-Directional_Velocity_Microphone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="1371"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>RCA 44-BX Bi-Directional Velocity <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">Microphone</a>.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCA_45_rpm_phonograph_and_record_Arthur_Fiedler_1949.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/RCA_45_rpm_phonograph_and_record_Arthur_Fiedler_1949.JPG/93px-RCA_45_rpm_phonograph_and_record_Arthur_Fiedler_1949.JPG" width="93" height="120" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/RCA_45_rpm_phonograph_and_record_Arthur_Fiedler_1949.JPG/139px-RCA_45_rpm_phonograph_and_record_Arthur_Fiedler_1949.JPG 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/RCA_45_rpm_phonograph_and_record_Arthur_Fiedler_1949.JPG/185px-RCA_45_rpm_phonograph_and_record_Arthur_Fiedler_1949.JPG 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="917"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Fiedler" title="Arthur Fiedler">Arthur Fiedler</a> demonstrates the new RCA Victor <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/45rpm" title="45rpm" class="mw-redirect">45rpm</a> player and record in February 1949.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:36px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Composite-cables.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Composite-cables.jpg/120px-Composite-cables.jpg" width="120" height="78" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Composite-cables.jpg/180px-Composite-cables.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Composite-cables.jpg/240px-Composite-cables.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2340"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_connector" title="RCA connector">RCA connector</a> use for audio and video.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:35px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCA_CT-100_screenshot.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d8/RCA_CT-100_screenshot.jpg/120px-RCA_CT-100_screenshot.jpg" width="120" height="80" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d8/RCA_CT-100_screenshot.jpg/180px-RCA_CT-100_screenshot.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d8/RCA_CT-100_screenshot.jpg/240px-RCA_CT-100_screenshot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="404"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>1954 RCA CT-100 TV at the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Museum_of_Radio_and_Electricity" title="American Museum of Radio and Electricity" class="mw-redirect">American Museum of Radio And Electricity</a> playing <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman_(1940s_cartoons)" title="Superman (1940s cartoons)">Superman</a>.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:44.5px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KL_RCA_1802.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/KL_RCA_1802.jpg/120px-KL_RCA_1802.jpg" width="120" height="61" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/KL_RCA_1802.jpg/180px-KL_RCA_1802.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/KL_RCA_1802.jpg/240px-KL_RCA_1802.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1383" data-file-height="702"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_1802" title="RCA 1802">RCA 1802</a>, also known as the COSMAC, an 8-bit <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMOS" title="CMOS">CMOS</a> <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessor</a> from 1976.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:STS-61-C_SATCOM_Ku-1_deployment.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/STS-61-C_SATCOM_Ku-1_deployment.jpg/120px-STS-61-C_SATCOM_Ku-1_deployment.jpg" width="120" height="120" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/STS-61-C_SATCOM_Ku-1_deployment.jpg/180px-STS-61-C_SATCOM_Ku-1_deployment.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/STS-61-C_SATCOM_Ku-1_deployment.jpg/240px-STS-61-C_SATCOM_Ku-1_deployment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="478" data-file-height="477"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>RCA <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satcom_(satellite)" title="Satcom (satellite)">Satcom</a> K1 placed into orbit by the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia" title="Space Shuttle Columbia">Space Shuttle Columbia</a> in 1986.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Image-orthicon-tube.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Image-orthicon-tube.png/75px-Image-orthicon-tube.png" width="75" height="120" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Image-orthicon-tube.png/112px-Image-orthicon-tube.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Image-orthicon-tube.png/150px-Image-orthicon-tube.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1600"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>A 1970s-era RCA Radiotron Image <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthicon#Orthicon_and_CPS_Emitron" title="Orthicon" class="mw-redirect">Orthicon</a> TV Camera Tube.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:19px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Feodor_Chaliapin_-_Song_of_the_Flea_-_Victor_14901B.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Feodor_Chaliapin_-_Song_of_the_Flea_-_Victor_14901B.jpg/120px-Feodor_Chaliapin_-_Song_of_the_Flea_-_Victor_14901B.jpg" width="120" height="112" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Feodor_Chaliapin_-_Song_of_the_Flea_-_Victor_14901B.jpg/180px-Feodor_Chaliapin_-_Song_of_the_Flea_-_Victor_14901B.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Feodor_Chaliapin_-_Song_of_the_Flea_-_Victor_14901B.jpg/240px-Feodor_Chaliapin_-_Song_of_the_Flea_-_Victor_14901B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2651" data-file-height="2485"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Red_Seal_Records" title="RCA Red Seal Records">RCA Red Seal Records</a> recording</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:26.5px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grace_Brandt_Eddie_Albert_Grace_and_Eddie_The_Honeymooners_Show_1937.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Grace_Brandt_Eddie_Albert_Grace_and_Eddie_The_Honeymooners_Show_1937.JPG/120px-Grace_Brandt_Eddie_Albert_Grace_and_Eddie_The_Honeymooners_Show_1937.JPG" width="120" height="97" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Grace_Brandt_Eddie_Albert_Grace_and_Eddie_The_Honeymooners_Show_1937.JPG/180px-Grace_Brandt_Eddie_Albert_Grace_and_Eddie_The_Honeymooners_Show_1937.JPG 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Grace_Brandt_Eddie_Albert_Grace_and_Eddie_The_Honeymooners_Show_1937.JPG/240px-Grace_Brandt_Eddie_Albert_Grace_and_Eddie_The_Honeymooners_Show_1937.JPG 2x" data-file-width="953" data-file-height="768"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>Grace Brandt and <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Albert" title="Eddie Albert">Eddie Albert</a> in an early NBC television program <i>The Honeymooners-Grace and Eddie Show</i> using an early RCA camera in 1936.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:35px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCAStudioB_Console.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/RCAStudioB_Console.jpg/120px-RCAStudioB_Console.jpg" width="120" height="80" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/RCAStudioB_Console.jpg/180px-RCAStudioB_Console.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/RCAStudioB_Console.jpg/240px-RCAStudioB_Console.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Studio_B" title="RCA Studio B">RCA Studio B</a> recording studio in <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a>. known in the 1960s for being part of the <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville_Sound" title="Nashville Sound" class="mw-redirect">Nashville Sound</a>.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DavidSarnoff_1922.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/DavidSarnoff_1922.jpg/92px-DavidSarnoff_1922.jpg" width="92" height="120" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/DavidSarnoff_1922.jpg/138px-DavidSarnoff_1922.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/DavidSarnoff_1922.jpg/184px-DavidSarnoff_1922.jpg 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="500"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>David Sarnoff in 1922</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Edwin_Armstrong_at_blackboard.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Edwin_Armstrong_at_blackboard.jpg/120px-Edwin_Armstrong_at_blackboard.jpg" width="120" height="120" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Edwin_Armstrong_at_blackboard.jpg/180px-Edwin_Armstrong_at_blackboard.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Edwin_Armstrong_at_blackboard.jpg/240px-Edwin_Armstrong_at_blackboard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="783"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Armstrong" title="Edwin Armstrong" class="mw-redirect">Edwin Armstrong</a> at RCA</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zworykin_kinescope_1929.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Zworykin_kinescope_1929.jpg/92px-Zworykin_kinescope_1929.jpg" width="92" height="120" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Zworykin_kinescope_1929.jpg/139px-Zworykin_kinescope_1929.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Zworykin_kinescope_1929.jpg/185px-Zworykin_kinescope_1929.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4733" data-file-height="6133"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_K._Zworykin" title="Vladimir K. Zworykin">Vladimir K. Zworykin</a> with a 1920 RCA TV</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:47.5px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCA-Studio-II-FL.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/RCA-Studio-II-FL.jpg/120px-RCA-Studio-II-FL.jpg" width="120" height="55" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/RCA-Studio-II-FL.jpg/180px-RCA-Studio-II-FL.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/RCA-Studio-II-FL.jpg/240px-RCA-Studio-II-FL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5730" data-file-height="2640"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>An <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Studio_II" title="RCA Studio II">RCA Studio II</a></p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCA_OA2.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/RCA_OA2.JPG/70px-RCA_OA2.JPG" width="70" height="120" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/RCA_OA2.JPG/105px-RCA_OA2.JPG 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/RCA_OA2.JPG/140px-RCA_OA2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1356" data-file-height="2320"/></a></div> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <p>A voltage regulator vacuum tube made by RCA.</p> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/RCA_%28Radio_Corporation_of_America%29">"RCA (Radio Corporation of America)"</a>. <i>IEEE Global History Network</i>. <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE" title="IEEE" class="mw-redirect">IEEE</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2011</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA&rft.atitle=RCA+%28Radio+Corporation+of+America%29&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ieeeghn.org%2Fwiki%2Findex.php%2FRCA_%2528Radio_Corporation_of_America%2529&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Global+History+Network&rft.pub=IEEE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-rca.com-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rca.com_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rca.com_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://www.rca.com/about/the-rca-story/">"The RCA Story"</a>. <i>rca.com</i>. Technicolor<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-09-23</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA&rft.atitle=The+RCA+Story&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rca.com%2Fabout%2Fthe-rca-story%2F&rft.jtitle=rca.com&rft.pub=Technicolor&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://books.google.com/books?id=B9vpX1iIPPwC&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=rca+%2B+%22general+electric%22+%2B+1986+%2B+split&source=bl&ots=SbdtBDpAXD&sig=vp4YywneyiTA2HXk31dv-mPN07Q&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-5YhVNr_BoacyAS8wIH4Cg&ved=0CGMQ6AEwDzgU#v=onepage&q=rca%20%2B%20%22general%20electric%22%20%2B%201986%20%2B%20split&f=false">http://books.google.com/books?id=B9vpX1iIPPwC&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=rca+%2B+%22general+electric%22+%2B+1986+%2B+split&source=bl&ots=SbdtBDpAXD&sig=vp4YywneyiTA2HXk31dv-mPN07Q&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-5YhVNr_BoacyAS8wIH4Cg&ved=0CGMQ6AEwDzgU#v=onepage&q=rca%20%2B%20%22general%20electric%22%20%2B%201986%20%2B%20split&f=false</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_22575405/general-electric-gets-out-tv-business">http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_22575405/general-electric-gets-out-tv-business</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Britt Horwitz, <i>The Irony of Regulatory Reform</i></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal">Page, Walter Hines; Page, Arthur W (May 1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://books.google.com/books?id=ZW0AAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA11">"The March Of Events: America in Control Of Its Wireless"</a>. <i><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%27s_Work" title="World's Work" class="mw-redirect">The World's Work: A History of Our Time</a></i> <b>XLIV</b>: 11–13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2009</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA&rft.atitle=The+March+Of+Events%3A+America+in+Control+Of+Its+Wireless&rft.aufirst=Walter+Hines&rft.aulast=Page&rft.au=Page%2C+Arthur+W&rft.au=Page%2C+Walter+Hines&rft.date=May+1922&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZW0AAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA11&rft.jtitle=The+World%27s+Work%3A+A+History+of+Our+Time&rft.pages=11-13&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=XLIV" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Sunil Annapareddy, Jonathan Jahr, Alexander Magoun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://www.davidsarnoff.org/rcaindex.html">"David Sarnoff Library — Radio Corporation of America Timeline [1919-1986] - Introduction"</a>. Davidsarnoff.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-11</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA&rft.aulast=Sunil+Annapareddy%2C+Jonathan+Jahr%2C+Alexander+Magoun&rft.au=Sunil+Annapareddy%2C+Jonathan+Jahr%2C+Alexander+Magoun&rft.btitle=David+Sarnoff+Library%26nbsp%3B%E2%80%94+Radio+Corporation+of+America+Timeline+%5B1919-1986%5D+-+Introduction&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.davidsarnoff.org%2Frcaindex.html&rft.pub=Davidsarnoff.org&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McMahon, Morgan E. <i>A Flick of the Switch 1930-1950</i> (Antiques Electronics Supply, 1990), p. 51</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mahon, Morgan E. <i>A Flick of the Switch 1930–1950</i> (Antiques Electronics Supply, 1990), p. 86</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mahon, p. 183</span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dominic Muren, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://www.idfuel.com/index.php?blog=2&p=293&more=1&c=1">"Monday Masterpieces: Streamline+Vinyl=Awesome"</a>, IDFuel: Industrial Design Weblog, 2004. Accessed July 22, 2012</span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crucial tenant in 30 Rockefeller Plaza—see David Rockefeller, "Memoirs", New York: Random House, 2002, p. 55</span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://books.google.com/books?id=0ZmjkJwxyWcC&pg=PA98&lpg=PA98&dq=rca+%2B+%22duo+jr.%22&source=bl&ots=b_kYdyz9pm&sig=8RDBJsuHcVfsbvMXfQHSxK_tJCg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EjzRVMmsBJCPyAT18ILACg&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=rca%20%2B%20%22duo%20jr.%22&f=false">https://books.google.com/books?id=0ZmjkJwxyWcC&pg=PA98&lpg=PA98&dq=rca+%2B+%22duo+jr.%22&source=bl&ots=b_kYdyz9pm&sig=8RDBJsuHcVfsbvMXfQHSxK_tJCg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EjzRVMmsBJCPyAT18ILACg&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=rca%20%2B%20%22duo%20jr.%22&f=false</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1939_RCA_Television_Advertisement.jpg" title="File:1939 RCA Television Advertisement.jpg">Radio Corporation of America (RCA Victor, National Broadcasting Company) advertisement for the beginning of regular experimental television broadcasting from the NBC studios to the New York metropolitan area on April 30, 1939 for "an hour at a time, twice a week."</a> "Radio & Television" (magazine) Vol. X, No. 2, June, 1939. (inside front cover) New York: Popular Book Corporation</span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://www.tvhistory.tv/1939-RCA-Brochure-1.JPG">"1939 RCA TV sets"</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA&rft.btitle=1939+RCA+TV+sets&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvhistory.tv%2F1939-RCA-Brochure-1.JPG&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiz_Kids_(Department_of_Defense)" title="Whiz Kids (Department of Defense)">Peck, Merton J.</a> & <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederic_M._Scherer" title="Frederic M. Scherer">Scherer, Frederic M.</a> <i>The Weapons Acquisition Process: An Economic Analysis</i> (1962) <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Business_School" title="Harvard Business School">Harvard Business School</a> p.619</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Sarnoff_integration-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sarnoff_integration_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation pressrelease"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://www.sri.com/newsroom/press-releases/sri-international-completes-integration-sarnoff-corporation">"SRI International Completes Integration of Sarnoff Corporation"</a> (Press release). <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRI_International" title="SRI International">SRI International</a>. 2011-01-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-07-10</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA&rft.btitle=SRI+International+Completes+Integration+of+Sarnoff+Corporation&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sri.com%2Fnewsroom%2Fpress-releases%2Fsri-international-completes-integration-sarnoff-corporation&rft.pub=SRI+International&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Radio Age By Radio Corporation of America, p. 26</span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Wallerstein, Edward. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://www.musicinthemail.com/audiohistoryLP.html">"LPs historic"</a>. Musicinthemail.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-08</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.aulast=Wallerstein&rft.au=Wallerstein%2C+Edward&rft.btitle=LPs+historic&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicinthemail.com%2FaudiohistoryLP.html&rft.pub=Musicinthemail.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://books.google.com/books?id=BUUEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA11&dq=%22diskery+goes+33+in+march%22#v=onepage&q=%22diskery%20goes%2033%20in%20march%22&f=false">"Diskery Goes 33 in March To Service Entire Market; 45 Promotion in High Gear"</a>. <i><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i>. 7 January 1950<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2012</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA&rft.atitle=Diskery+Goes+33+in+March+To+Service+Entire+Market%3B+45+Promotion+in+High+Gear&rft.date=7+January+1950&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBUUEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA11%26dq%3D%2522diskery%2Bgoes%2B33%2Bin%2Bmarch%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522diskery%2520goes%252033%2520in%2520march%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://www.cubby.net/worldofcubby/RCR/record_history.html">"Record Collector's Resource: A History of Records"</a>. Cubby.net. 1917-02-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-02-28</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA&rft.btitle=Record+Collector%27s+Resource%3A+A+History+of+Records&rft.date=1917-02-26&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cubby.net%2Fworldofcubby%2FRCR%2Frecord_history.html&rft.pub=Cubby.net&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://www.novia.net/~ereitan/Gallery/CT-100_Gallery.html">CT-100 Color Receiver Gallery</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/RCA/RCA.SPECTRA70.1965.102646099.pdf">"RCA Spectra 70"</a>. March 1965<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2009</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA&rft.btitle=RCA+Spectra+70&rft.date=March+1965&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.computerhistory.org%2Fresources%2Ftext%2FRCA%2FRCA.SPECTRA70.1965.102646099.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Chickens-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chickens_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Clausing, Don; Victor Fey (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://books.google.com/books?id=TnFRAAAAMAAJ&q=Rugs+Chickens+%26+Automobiles&dq=Rugs+Chickens+%26+Automobiles&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZyhJT_CVMIXZ0QHx5fz_DQ&redir_esc=y"><i>Effective Innovation</i></a>. New York: ASME Press. p. 7<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2012</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA&rft.au=Clausing%2C+Don&rft.aufirst=Don&rft.aulast=Clausing&rft.au=Victor+Fey&rft.btitle=Effective+Innovation&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTnFRAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DRugs%2BChickens%2B%2526%2BAutomobiles%26dq%3DRugs%2BChickens%2B%2526%2BAutomobiles%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DZyhJT_CVMIXZ0QHx5fz_DQ%26redir_esc%3Dy&rft.pages=7&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=ASME+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-bertelsmann.com-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bertelsmann.com_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://www.bertelsmann.com/bertelsmann_corp/wms41/customers/bmcorp/pdf/RCA_-_Now_Elvis_rocked_for_Bertelsmann__too.pdf"><i>RCA: Now Elvis rocked for Bertelsmann, too</i></a>, Bertelsmann Worldwide Media</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA&rft.btitle=RCA%3A+Now+Elvis+rocked+for+Bertelsmann%2C+too&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bertelsmann.com%2Fbertelsmann_corp%2Fwms41%2Fcustomers%2Fbmcorp%2Fpdf%2FRCA_-_Now_Elvis_rocked_for_Bertelsmann__too.pdf&rft.pub=Bertelsmann+Worldwide+Media&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://www.oldradio.com/archives/hardware/TV/RCA-TV.htm">RCA TV Equipment Archive</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://www.thevictorlofts.com/">http://www.thevictorlofts.com</a> The Victor Lofts website</span></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lieberman, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://www.deadline.com/2013/03/comcast-completes-acquisition-nbcuniversal/">"Comcast Completes Acquisition Of GE’s 49% Stake In NBCUniversal."</a> <i><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadline.com" title="Deadline.com">Deadline.com</a></i> (March 19, 2013)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://www.state.nj.us/dep/hpo/4sustain/awds2004.htm#4">New Jersey Historic Preservation Awards Program, 2004. <i>RCA Victor Company, "Nipper Building" Rehabilitation</i></a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Yi, Matthew (May 24, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Taiwan-workers-plead-cancer-case-Link-RCA-plant-2833443.php">"Taiwan workers plead cancer case / Link RCA plant to disease"</a>. <i>San Francisco Chronicle</i> (Hearst Communications)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-09-23</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA&rft.atitle=Taiwan+workers+plead+cancer+case+%2F+Link+RCA+plant+to+disease&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.aulast=Yi&rft.au=Yi%2C+Matthew&rft.date=May+24%2C+2002&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fbusiness%2Farticle%2FTaiwan-workers-plead-cancer-case-Link-RCA-plant-2833443.php&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.pub=Hearst+Communications&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ton, 1999 Ton C-D, Exposure and Health Risk Assessment of Groundwater Contamination – A Case Study of Contamination Site of Tao-Yuan RCA. Master Thesis, National Taiwan University. 1999 (in Chinese)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://www.commondreams.org/news2002/0522-11.htm">Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-epa.gov-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-epa.gov_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://www.epa.gov/reg3wcmd/ca/pa/pdf/pad003026903.pdf">http://www.epa.gov/reg3wcmd/ca/pa/pdf/pad003026903.pdf</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">INTERSIL CORPORATION, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://sec.edgar-online.com/intersil-corpde/s-1-securities-registration-statement/1999/11/12/Section130.aspx">S-1 SEC Filing, 11/10/1999</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://www.epa.gov/region1/superfund/resource/report01/remedial.pdf">SUPERFUND ANNUAL REPORT 2001</a>. U.S. EPA Region I</span></li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. EPA, Environmental Quality Board, National Priority List (NPL), Site Inspection Report/Site Evaluation Report. EPA, San Juan Barceloneta RCA del Caribe, October 1987</span></li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John M. Hunter and Sonia I. Arbona. PARADISE LOST: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE GEOGRAPHY OF WATER POLLUTION IN PUERTO RICO. Soc. Sci. Med. Vol. 40, No. 10, pp. 1331–1355, 1995. Pergamon Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://www.seas.columbia.edu/earth/wtert/sofos/paradise%20lost.pdf">http://www.seas.columbia.edu/earth/wtert/sofos/paradise%20lost.pdf</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">20058 - 20060 Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 73 / Monday, April 18, 2005</span></li> </ol> </div> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <ul> <li><span class="citation journal">Brewster, Richard (2013). "RCA TV Development: 1929-1949". <i><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_AWA_Review" title="The AWA Review">The AWA Review</a></i> (Antique Wireless Association) <b>26</b>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA&rft.atitle=RCA+TV+Development%3A+1929-1949&rft.au=Brewster%2C+Richard&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.aulast=Brewster&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+AWA+Review&rft.pub=Antique+Wireless+Association&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=26" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code> requires <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Cowie, Jefferson (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/?GCOI=80140100563690"><i>Capital Moves: RCA's Seventy-Year Quest for Cheap Labor</i></a>. <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ithaca,_New_York" title="Ithaca, New York">Ithaca, New York</a>: <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0801435250" title="Special:BookSources/0801435250">0801435250</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA&rft.au=Cowie%2C+Jefferson&rft.aufirst=Jefferson&rft.aulast=Cowie&rft.btitle=Capital+Moves%3A+RCA%27s+Seventy-Year+Quest+for+Cheap+Labor&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cornellpress.cornell.edu%2Fbook%2F%3FGCOI%3D80140100563690&rft.isbn=0801435250&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_N._Sobel" title="Robert N. Sobel" class="mw-redirect">Sobel, Robert N.</a> (1986). <i>RCA</i>. <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stein_and_Day" title="Stein and Day">Stein and Day</a>. <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0812830849" title="Special:BookSources/0812830849">0812830849</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA&rft.aufirst=Robert+N.&rft.aulast=Sobel&rft.au=Sobel%2C+Robert+N.&rft.btitle=RCA&rft.date=1986&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0812830849&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Stein+and+Day&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book">Taussig, Charles William (1922). "Radio Central". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://archive.org/stream/cu31924003626037#page/n351/mode/2up"><i>The Book of Radio</i></a>. London: D. Appleton & Company. pp. 312–327<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-09-23</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA&rft.atitle=Radio+Central&rft.aufirst=Charles+William&rft.aulast=Taussig&rft.au=Taussig%2C+Charles+William&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Radio&rft.date=1922&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcu31924003626037%23page%2Fn351%2Fmode%2F2up&rft.pages=312-327&rft.place=London&rft.pub=D.+Appleton+%26+Company&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <table class="mbox-small plainlinks" style="border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="30" height="40" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"/></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:RCA" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:RCA">RCA</a></b></i>.</td> </tr> </table> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://findingaids.hagley.org/xtf/view?docId=ead/2069.xml">Radio Corporation of American records</a> (1887-1983) at <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagley_Museum_and_Library" title="Hagley Museum and Library">Hagley Museum and Library</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://cdm16038.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/landingpage/collection/p16038coll11">David Sarnoff Library Digital Collection</a> at <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagley_Museum_and_Library" title="Hagley Museum and Library">Hagley Museum and Library</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://www.rcaglobal.com/">RCAGlobal.com</a> - a web site dedicated to what was RCA Global Communications</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/http://www.oldradio.com/archives/hardware/TV/RCA-TV.htm">RCA TV equipment archive</a></li> </ul> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Telecommunications" title="Template:Telecommunications"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Telecommunications" title="Template talk:Telecommunications"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Telecommunications&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunication" title="Telecommunication">Telecommunications</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">History</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div class="floatright"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Telecom-icon.svg" class="image" title="Telecommunications symbol"><img alt="Telecommunications symbol" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/50px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" width="50" height="50" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/75px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150319233806im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/100px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"/></a></div> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beacon#For_defensive_communications" title="Beacon">Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_broadcasting" title="History of broadcasting">Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_satellite#History" title="Communications satellite">Communications satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network#History" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drums_in_communication" title="Drums in communication">Drums</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_telegraph#History" title="Electrical telegraph">Electrical telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fax#History" title="Fax">Fax</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliograph#History" title="Heliograph">Heliographs</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_telegraph#Greek_hydraulic_semaphore_system" title="Hydraulic telegraph">Hydraulic telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Internet" title="History of the Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_media#History" title="Mass media">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">Mobile phone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_communication" title="Optical communication">Optical telecommunication</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semaphore_line#History" title="Semaphore line">Optical telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photophone" title="Photophone">Photophone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_prepaid_mobile_phone" title="History of the prepaid mobile phone">Prepaid mobile phone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiotelephone" title="Radiotelephone">Radiotelephone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Satellite communications</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke_signal" title="Smoke signal">Smoke signals</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">Telecommunications history</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy">Telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_telephone" title="History of the telephone">Telephone</a></li> <li><i><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Telephone_Cases" title="The Telephone Cases">The Telephone Cases</a></i></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_television" title="History of television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_communication_technology" title="Timeline of communication technology">Timeline of communication technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable#Early_history:_telegraph_and_coaxial_cables" title="Submarine communications cable">Undersea telegraph line</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videoconferencing#History" title="Videoconferencing">Videoconferencing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videophone#Early_history" title="Videophone">Videophone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_videotelephony" title="History of videotelephony">Videotelephony</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Pioneers</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Howard_Armstrong" title="Edwin Howard Armstrong">Edwin Howard Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Logie_Baird" title="John Logie Baird">John Logie Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Chappe" title="Claude Chappe">Claude Chappe</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philo_Farnsworth" title="Philo Farnsworth">Philo Farnsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reginald_Fessenden" title="Reginald Fessenden">Reginald Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray">Elisha Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Stepanovich_Popov" title="Alexander Stepanovich Popov">Alexander Stepanovich Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Philipp_Reis" title="Johann Philipp Reis">Johann Philipp Reis</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camille_Papin_Tissot" title="Camille Papin Tissot">Camille Papin Tissot</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Vail" title="Alfred Vail">Alfred Vail</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Wheatstone" title="Charles Wheatstone">Charles Wheatstone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_K._Zworykin" title="Vladimir K. Zworykin">Vladimir K. Zworykin</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_medium" title="Transmission medium">Transmission<br/> media</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaxial_cable" title="Coaxial cable">Coaxial cable</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-space_optical_communication" title="Free-space optical communication">Free-space optical</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">Optical fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">Radio waves</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_line" title="Telephone line">Telephone lines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave#Communication" title="Microwave">Terrestrial microwave</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_P1906.1" title="IEEE P1906.1">Molecules</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology" title="Network topology">Network topology</a><br/> and switching</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_link" title="Telecommunications link">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node_(networking)" title="Node (networking)">Nodes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_(telecommunication)" title="Terminal (telecommunication)">Terminal node</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">Network switching</a> (<a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_switching" title="Circuit switching">circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_switching" title="Packet switching">packet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_exchange" title="Telephone exchange">Telephone exchange</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplexing" title="Multiplexing">Multiplexing</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-user_MIMO#SDMA" title="Multi-user MIMO">Space-division</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency-division_multiplexing" title="Frequency-division multiplexing">Frequency-division</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-division_multiplexing" title="Time-division multiplexing">Time-division</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization-division_multiplexing" title="Polarization-division multiplexing">Polarization-division</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_angular_momentum_multiplexing" title="Orbital angular momentum multiplexing">Orbital angular-momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_division_multiple_access" title="Code division multiple access">Code-division</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_network" title="Telecommunications network">Networks</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BITNET" title="BITNET">BITNET</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FidoNet" title="FidoNet">FidoNet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Network" title="Integrated Services Digital Network">ISDN</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">LAN</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next-generation_network" title="Next-generation network">NGN</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_switched_telephone_network" title="Public switched telephone network">Public Switched Telephone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_network" title="Radio network">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_equipment" title="Telecommunications equipment">Telecommunications equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_network" title="Television network">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telex" title="Telex">Telex</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_area_network" title="Wide area network">WAN</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_network" title="Wireless network">Wireless</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">By continent</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Africa_topic" title="Template:Africa topic"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topic" title="Template talk:Africa topic"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Africa_topic&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%">Telecommunications in Africa</div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Algeria" title="Telecommunications in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Angola" title="Telecommunications in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Benin" title="Telecommunications in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Botswana" title="Telecommunications in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Telecommunications in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Burundi" title="Telecommunications in Burundi" class="mw-redirect">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cameroon" title="Telecommunications in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cape_Verde" title="Telecommunications in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Telecommunications in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Chad" title="Telecommunications in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Comoros" title="Telecommunications in Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Telecommunications in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Telecommunications in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Djibouti" title="Telecommunications in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Egypt" title="Telecommunications in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Telecommunications in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Eritrea" title="Telecommunications in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ethiopia" title="Telecommunications in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Gabon" title="Telecommunications in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Gambia" title="Telecommunications in the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ghana" title="Telecommunications in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guinea" title="Telecommunications in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Telecommunications in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Telecommunications in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kenya" title="Telecommunications in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Lesotho" title="Telecommunications in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Liberia" title="Telecommunications in Liberia" class="mw-redirect">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Libya" title="Telecommunications in Libya" class="mw-redirect">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Madagascar" title="Telecommunications in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Malawi" title="Telecommunications in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mali" title="Telecommunications in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mauritania" title="Telecommunications in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mauritius" title="Telecommunications in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Morocco" title="Telecommunications in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mozambique" title="Telecommunications in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Namibia" title="Telecommunications in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Niger" title="Telecommunications in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nigeria" title="Telecommunications in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Rwanda" title="Telecommunications in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Telecommunications in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Senegal" title="Telecommunications in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Seychelles" title="Telecommunications in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Telecommunications in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Somalia" title="Telecommunications in Somalia" class="mw-redirect">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_South_Africa" title="Telecommunications in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_South_Sudan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in South Sudan (page does not exist)">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Sudan" title="Telecommunications in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Swaziland" title="Telecommunications in Swaziland">Swaziland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Tanzania" title="Telecommunications in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Togo" title="Telecommunications in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Tunisia" title="Telecommunications in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Uganda" title="Telecommunications in Uganda" class="mw-redirect">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Zambia" title="Telecommunications in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Zimbabwe" title="Telecommunications in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br/> recognition</a></div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Telecommunications in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" class="mw-redirect">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Somaliland" title="Telecommunications in Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br/> other territories</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Canary_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Canary Islands" class="mw-redirect">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ceuta" title="Telecommunications in Ceuta" class="mw-redirect">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Melilla" title="Telecommunications in Melilla" class="mw-redirect">Melilla</a> / <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Plazas de soberanía (page does not exist)">Plazas de soberanía</a> <small style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</small></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Madeira" title="Telecommunications in Madeira" class="mw-redirect">Madeira</a> <small style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</small></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mayotte" title="Telecommunications in Mayotte">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_R%C3%A9union" title="Telecommunications in Réunion">Réunion</a> <small style="font-size:85%;">(France)</small></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Helena" title="Telecommunications in Saint Helena" class="mw-redirect">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ascension_Island" title="Telecommunications in Ascension Island" class="mw-redirect">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Telecommunications in Tristan da Cunha" class="mw-redirect">Tristan da Cunha</a> <small style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</small></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Western_Sahara" title="Telecommunications in Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Asia_topic&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%">Telecommunications in Asia</div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Afghanistan" title="Telecommunications in Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Armenia" title="Telecommunications in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Azerbaijan" title="Telecommunications in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bahrain" title="Telecommunications in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bangladesh" title="Telecommunications in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bhutan" title="Telecommunications in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Brunei" title="Telecommunications in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Burma" title="Telecommunications in Burma">Burma (Myanmar)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cambodia" title="Telecommunications in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_China" title="Telecommunications in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cyprus" title="Telecommunications in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_East_Timor" title="Telecommunications in East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Egypt" title="Telecommunications in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Telecommunications in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_India" title="Telecommunications in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Indonesia" title="Telecommunications in Indonesia" class="mw-redirect">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Iran" title="Telecommunications in Iran" class="mw-redirect">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Iraq" title="Telecommunications in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Israel" title="Telecommunications in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Japan" title="Telecommunications in Japan" class="mw-redirect">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Jordan" title="Telecommunications in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kazakhstan" title="Telecommunications in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_North_Korea" title="Telecommunications in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_South_Korea" title="Telecommunications in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kuwait" title="Telecommunications in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Telecommunications in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Laos" title="Telecommunications in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Lebanon" title="Telecommunications in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Malaysia" title="Telecommunications in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Maldives" title="Telecommunications in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mongolia" title="Telecommunications in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nepal" title="Telecommunications in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Oman" title="Telecommunications in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Pakistan" title="Telecommunications in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Philippines" title="Telecommunications in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Qatar" title="Telecommunications in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Russia" title="Telecommunications in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Telecommunications in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Singapore" title="Telecommunications in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Telecommunications in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Syria" title="Telecommunications in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Tajikistan" title="Telecommunications in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Thailand" title="Telecommunications in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Turkey" title="Telecommunications in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Turkmenistan" title="Telecommunications in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Telecommunications in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Uzbekistan" title="Telecommunications in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Vietnam" title="Telecommunications in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Yemen" title="Telecommunications in Yemen">Yemen</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br/> limited recognition</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Nagorno-Karabakh_Republic" title="Telecommunications in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic" class="mw-redirect">Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Telecommunications in Northern Cyprus" class="mw-redirect">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Palestinian_territories" title="Telecommunications in the Palestinian territories" class="mw-redirect">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Taiwan" title="Telecommunications in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br/> other territories</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Hong_Kong" title="Telecommunications in Hong Kong" class="mw-redirect">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Macau" title="Telecommunications in Macau">Macau</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Europe_topic&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Europe" title="Telecommunications in Europe" class="mw-redirect">Telecommunications in Europe</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Albania" title="Telecommunications in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Andorra" title="Telecommunications in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Armenia" title="Telecommunications in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Austria" title="Telecommunications in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Azerbaijan" title="Telecommunications in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Belarus" title="Telecommunications in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Belgium" title="Telecommunications in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Telecommunications in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bulgaria" title="Telecommunications in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Croatia" title="Telecommunications in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cyprus" title="Telecommunications in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Telecommunications in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Denmark" title="Telecommunications in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Estonia" title="Telecommunications in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Finland" title="Telecommunications in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_France" title="Telecommunications in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Telecommunications in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Germany" title="Telecommunications in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Greece" title="Telecommunications in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Hungary" title="Telecommunications in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Iceland" title="Telecommunications in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Telecommunications in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Italy" title="Telecommunications in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kazakhstan" title="Telecommunications in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Latvia" title="Telecommunications in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Liechtenstein" title="Telecommunications in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Lithuania" title="Telecommunications in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Luxembourg" title="Telecommunications in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Republic_of_Macedonia" title="Telecommunications in the Republic of Macedonia">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Malta" title="Telecommunications in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Moldova" title="Telecommunications in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Monaco" title="Telecommunications in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Montenegro" title="Telecommunications in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Netherlands" title="Telecommunications in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Norway" title="Telecommunications in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Poland" title="Telecommunications in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Portugal" title="Telecommunications in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Romania" title="Telecommunications in Romania" class="mw-redirect">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Russia" title="Telecommunications in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_San_Marino" title="Telecommunications in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Serbia" title="Telecommunications in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Slovakia" title="Telecommunications in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Slovenia" title="Telecommunications in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Spain" title="Telecommunications in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Sweden" title="Telecommunications in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Switzerland" title="Telecommunications in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Turkey" title="Telecommunications in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ukraine" title="Telecommunications in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telecommunications in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br/> recognition</a></div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kosovo" title="Telecommunications in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Nagorno-Karabakh_Republic" title="Telecommunications in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic" class="mw-redirect">Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Telecommunications in Northern Cyprus" class="mw-redirect">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Transnistria" title="Telecommunications in Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br/> other territories</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Gibraltar" title="Telecommunications in Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Jersey" title="Telecommunications in Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Telecommunications in the Isle of Man" class="mw-redirect">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Other entities</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_European_Union" title="Telecommunications in the European Union" class="mw-redirect">European Union</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:North_America_topic" title="Template:North America topic"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:North_America_topic" title="Template talk:North America topic"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:North_America_topic&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%">Telecommunications in North America</div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Sovereign states</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Telecommunications in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Bahamas" title="Telecommunications in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Barbados" title="Telecommunications in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Belize" title="Telecommunications in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Canada" title="Telecommunications in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Costa_Rica" title="Telecommunications in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cuba" title="Telecommunications in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Dominica" title="Telecommunications in Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_El_Salvador" title="Telecommunications in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Grenada" title="Telecommunications in Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guatemala" title="Telecommunications in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Haiti" title="Telecommunications in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Honduras" title="Telecommunications in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Jamaica" title="Telecommunications in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mexico" title="Telecommunications in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nicaragua" title="Telecommunications in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Panama" title="Telecommunications in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Telecommunications in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Lucia" title="Telecommunications in Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Telecommunications in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Telecommunications in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_States" title="Telecommunications in the United States" class="mw-redirect">United States</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Dependencies and<br/> other territories</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Anguilla" title="Telecommunications in Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Aruba" title="Telecommunications in Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bermuda" title="Telecommunications in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Bonaire (page does not exist)">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Telecommunications in Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Greenland" title="Telecommunications in Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guadeloupe" title="Telecommunications in Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Martinique" title="Telecommunications in Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Montserrat" title="Telecommunications in Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Navassa_Island" title="Telecommunications in Navassa Island" class="mw-redirect">Navassa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Telecommunications in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Telecommunications in Saint Barthélemy" class="mw-redirect">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in the Collectivity of Saint Martin (page does not exist)">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Telecommunications in Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Saba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Saba (page does not exist)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Sint_Maarten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Sint Maarten (page does not exist)">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Oceania_topic&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%">Telecommunications in Oceania</div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Australia" title="Telecommunications in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_East_Timor" title="Telecommunications in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Fiji" title="Telecommunications in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Indonesia" title="Telecommunications in Indonesia" class="mw-redirect">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kiribati" title="Telecommunications in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Marshall Islands" class="mw-redirect">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Telecommunications in the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nauru" title="Telecommunications in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_New_Zealand" title="Telecommunications in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Palau" title="Telecommunications in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Telecommunications in Papua New Guinea" class="mw-redirect">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Samoa" title="Telecommunications in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Solomon_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Tonga" title="Telecommunications in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Tuvalu" title="Telecommunications in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Vanuatu" title="Telecommunications in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Associated states<br/> of New Zealand</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Niue" title="Telecommunications in Niue" class="mw-redirect">Niue</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a><br/> and other territories</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_American_Samoa" title="Telecommunications in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_French_Polynesia" title="Telecommunications in French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guam" title="Telecommunications in Guam" class="mw-redirect">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Hawaii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Hawaii (page does not exist)">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_New_Caledonia" title="Telecommunications in New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Norfolk_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Norfolk Island (page does not exist)">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in the Northern Mariana Islands (page does not exist)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in the Pitcairn Islands (page does not exist)">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Tokelau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Tokelau (page does not exist)">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Wallis_and_Futuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Wallis and Futuna (page does not exist)">Wallis and Futuna</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:South_America_topic" title="Template:South America topic"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:South_America_topic" title="Template talk:South America topic"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:South_America_topic&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%">Telecommunications in South America</div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Argentina" title="Telecommunications in Argentina" class="mw-redirect">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bolivia" title="Telecommunications in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Brazil" title="Telecommunications in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Chile" title="Telecommunications in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Colombia" title="Telecommunications in Colombia" class="mw-redirect">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ecuador" title="Telecommunications in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guyana" title="Telecommunications in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Paraguay" title="Telecommunications in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Peru" title="Telecommunications in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Suriname" title="Telecommunications in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Uruguay" title="Telecommunications in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Venezuela" title="Telecommunications in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br/> other territories</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_French_Guiana" title="Telecommunications in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="Telecommunications in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" class="mw-redirect"><span style="white-space:normal;">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"> <div> <ul> <li><img alt="Category" 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href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Corporation_of_America" title="Radio Corporation of America – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA" title="RCA – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Corporation_of_America" title="Radio Corporation of America – German" lang="de" hreflang="de">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Corporation_of_America" title="Radio Corporation of America – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Corporation_of_America" title="Radio Corporation of America – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Corporation_of_America" title="Radio Corporation of America – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Corporation_of_America" title="Radio Corporation of America – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_(%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%85)" title="RCA (기업) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA" title="RCA – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Corporation_of_America" title="Radio Corporation of America – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA" title="RCA – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Corporation_of_America" title="Radio Corporation of America – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA" title="RCA – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA" title="RCA – Norwegian (bokmål)" lang="no" hreflang="no">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Corporation_of_America" title="Radio Corporation of America – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Corporation_of_America" title="Radio Corporation of America – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA" title="RCA – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA" title="RCA – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA" title="RCA – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Corporation_of_America" title="Radio Corporation of America – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Corporation_of_America" title="Radio Corporation of America – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Corporation_of_America" title="Radio Corporation of America – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA" title="RCA – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh">中文</a></li> <li class="uls-p-lang-dummy"><a href="#"></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a action="edit" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218038#sitelinks-wikipedia" text="Edit links" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last modified on 18 March 2015, at 04:19.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="license" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150319233806/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a><a rel="license" 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