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class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014_Umbrella_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>2014 Umbrella Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014_Umbrella_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Continued_division_and_anti-extradition_protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Continued_division_and_anti-extradition_protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Continued division and anti-extradition protests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Continued_division_and_anti-extradition_protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020_resignation_en_masse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_resignation_en_masse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>2020 resignation en masse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_resignation_en_masse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imprisonment_of_democrats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imprisonment_of_democrats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Imprisonment of democrats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imprisonment_of_democrats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Convenor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Convenor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Convenor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Convenor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Political parties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Civil groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_performance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_performance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Electoral performance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Electoral_performance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Electoral performance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Electoral_performance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chief_Executive_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chief_Executive_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Chief Executive elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chief_Executive_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_Council_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_Council_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Legislative Council elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_Council_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Municipal_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipal_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Municipal elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipal_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-District_Council_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#District_Council_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>District Council elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-District_Council_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D9%87%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA)" title="معسكر مناصرة الديمقراطية (هونغ كونغ) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معسكر مناصرة الديمقراطية (هونغ كونغ)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campament_pro-democr%C3%A0cia_(Hong_Kong)" title="Campament pro-democràcia (Hong Kong) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Campament pro-democràcia (Hong Kong)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro-Demokratie-Lager_(Hongkong)" title="Pro-Demokratie-Lager (Hongkong) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pro-Demokratie-Lager (Hongkong)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A7%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Φιλοδημοκρατική παράταξη του Χονγκ Κονγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φιλοδημοκρατική παράταξη του Χονγκ Κονγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campo_prodemocracia" title="Campo prodemocracia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Campo prodemocracia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87_%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF_%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%AF" title="گروه طرفدار دموکراسی هنگ کنگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گروه طرفدار دموکراسی هنگ کنگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_pro-d%C3%A9mocratie_de_Hong_Kong" title="Camp pro-démocratie de Hong Kong – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Camp pro-démocratie de Hong Kong" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%ED%8C%8C" title="민주파 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="민주파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubu_prodemokrasi_(Hong_Kong)" title="Kubu prodemokrasi (Hong Kong) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kubu prodemokrasi (Hong Kong)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%B4%BE_(%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF)" title="民主派 (香港) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="民主派 (香港)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campo_pr%C3%B3-democracia_(Hong_Kong)" title="Campo pró-democracia (Hong Kong) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Campo pró-democracia (Hong Kong)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phe_d%C3%A2n_ch%E1%BB%A7_(H%E1%BB%93ng_K%C3%B4ng)" title="Phe dân chủ (Hồng Kông) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phe dân chủ (Hồng Kông)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%B4%BE" title="泛民主派 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="泛民主派" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%B4%BE_(%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF)" title="民主派 (香港) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="民主派 (香港)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7129523#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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</div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Pro-democracy camp" redirects here. For the equivalent political camp in Macau, see <a href="/wiki/Pro-democracy_camp_(Macau)" title="Pro-democracy camp (Macau)">Pro-democracy camp (Macau)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid gold; border-bottom:2px solid gold; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Pro-democracy camp</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname" lang="zh-hk"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">民主派</span></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="#Convenor">Convenor</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>Vacant</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">27 October 1986<span class="noprint">; 38 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1986-10-27</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Liberalism in Hong Kong">HK</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">Liberal democracy</a></li><li><b>Factions:</b></li><li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Localism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Localism in Hong Kong">HK</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Hong_Kong#Pro-democrats" title="Socialism in Hong Kong">HK</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Yellow" title="Yellow">Yellow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">green</a><br />(customary)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Legislative_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 90 (0%)</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_District_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong District Council">District Councils</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 470 (0%)</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid gold;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Politics of Hong Kong">Politics of Hong Kong</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of political parties in Hong Kong">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Hong_Kong" title="Elections in Hong Kong">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Pro-democracy camp</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;">民主派</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Mín zhǔ pài</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄆㄞˋ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Min<sup>2</sup> chu<sup>3</sup> p'ai<sup>4</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[mǐn ʈʂù pʰâɪ]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Màhn jyú paai</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Man4 zyu2 paai3</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[mɐn˩ tsy˧˥ pʰaj˧]</a></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Pan-democracy camp</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;">泛民主派</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Fàn mín zhǔ pài</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">ㄈㄢˋ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄆㄞˋ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Fan<sup>4</sup> min<sup>2</sup> chu<sup>3</sup> p'ai<sup>4</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[fân mǐn ʈʂù pʰâɪ]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Faan màhn jyú paai</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Faan6 man4 zyu2 paai3</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[fan˨ mɐn˩ tsy˧˥ pʰaj˧]</a></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="border-collapse:collapse; background:white; border:1px solid #8C0046;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image" style="border-bottom:1px solid #8C0046; background:#A20051"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hkpol2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hkpol2.png/170px-Hkpol2.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hkpol2.png/255px-Hkpol2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hkpol2.png/340px-Hkpol2.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="background:#C40062; color:white; border-bottom:1px solid #8C0046;"> <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Politics of Hong Kong"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#b0b0b8">Politics</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hong_Kong" title="Government of Hong Kong"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#b0b0b8">government</span></a><br /> of <span class="region">Hong Kong</span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Hong_Kong" title="Law of Hong Kong">Laws</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Law of Hong Kong">Basic Law</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Drafting_Committee" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee">Drafting Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Consultative_Committee" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Consultative Committee">Consultative Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_23" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23">Article 23</a> (national security laws)</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="2020 Hong Kong national security law">2020 law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safeguarding_National_Security_Ordinance" title="Safeguarding National Security Ordinance">2024 law</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_45" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 45">Article 45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_46" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 46">Article 46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_69" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 69">Article 69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino%E2%80%93British_Joint_Declaration" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino–British Joint Declaration">Sino–British Joint Declaration</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_criminal_law" title="Hong Kong criminal law">Criminal law</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Hong_Kong" title="Capital punishment in Hong Kong">Capital punishment in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Procedure_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminal Procedure (Hong Kong)">Criminal procedure</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jury_system_in_Hong_Kong" title="Jury system in Hong Kong">Jury system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Hong_Kong" title="Law enforcement in Hong Kong">Law enforcement in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Hong_Kong" title="Human rights in Hong Kong">Human rights</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Hong_Kong" title="LGBT rights in Hong Kong">LGBT rights in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Hong_Kong" title="Internet censorship in Hong Kong">Internet censorship in Hong Kong</a></li></ul></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hong_Kong" title="Government of Hong Kong">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Lee_(government_official)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Lee (government official)">John Lee</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Chief_Executive" title="Office of the Chief Executive">Office of the Chief Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Safeguarding_National_Security_of_the_Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region">Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the HKSAR</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principal_officials_of_Hong_Kong" title="Principal officials of Hong Kong">Principal officials</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_for_Administration" title="Chief Secretary for Administration">Chief Secretary</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Chan" title="Eric Chan">Eric Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Secretary_(Hong_Kong)" title="Financial Secretary (Hong Kong)">Financial Secretary</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Chan_Mo-po" title="Paul Chan Mo-po">Paul Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_for_Justice_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary for Justice (Hong Kong)">Secretary for Justice</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lam" title="Paul Lam">Paul Lam</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Executive Council of Hong Kong">Executive Council</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Convenor: <a href="/wiki/Regina_Ip" title="Regina Ip">Regina Ip</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_Secretariat" title="Government Secretariat">Government Secretariat</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Hong_Kong_government_agencies" title="List of Hong Kong government agencies">Government agencies</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_Bureau" title="Civil Service Bureau">Civil Service Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joint_Secretariat_for_the_Advisory_Bodies_on_Civil_Service_and_Judicial_Salaries_and_Conditions_of_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joint Secretariat for the Advisory Bodies on Civil Service and Judicial Salaries and Conditions of Service (page does not exist)">Joint Secretariat for the Advisory Bodies on Civil Service and Judicial Salaries and Conditions of Service</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_and_Mainland_Affairs_Bureau" title="Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau">Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Registration_and_Electoral_Office_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Registration and Electoral Office (Hong Kong)">Registration and Electoral Office</a></li> <li>Offices in the Mainland and Taiwan</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture,_Sports_and_Tourism_Bureau" title="Culture, Sports and Tourism Bureau">Culture, Sports and Tourism Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leisure_and_Cultural_Services_Department" title="Leisure and Cultural Services Department">Leisure and Cultural Services Department</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourism_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourism Commission (page does not exist)">Tourism Commission</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_Bureau" title="Education Bureau">Education Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>University Grants Committee Secretariat</li> <li>Working Family and Student Financial Assistance Agency</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environment_and_Ecology_Bureau" title="Environment and Ecology Bureau">Environment and Ecology Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Protection_Department" title="Environmental Protection Department">Environmental Protection Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture,_Fisheries_and_Conservation_Department" title="Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department">Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Environmental_Hygiene_Department" title="Food and Environmental Hygiene Department">Food and Environmental Hygiene Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Observatory" title="Hong Kong Observatory">Hong Kong Observatory</a></li> <li>Government Laboratory</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_Bureau_(Hong_Kong)" title="Health Bureau (Hong Kong)">Health Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_(Hong_Kong)" title="Department of Health (Hong Kong)">Department of Health</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_and_Youth_Affairs_Bureau" title="Home and Youth Affairs Bureau">Home and Youth Affairs Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_Affairs_Department" title="Home Affairs Department">Home Affairs Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Services_Department" title="Information Services Department">Information Services Department</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Welfare_Bureau" title="Labour and Welfare Bureau">Labour and Welfare Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_Welfare_Department" title="Social Welfare Department">Social Welfare Department</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Security_Bureau_(Hong_Kong)" title="Security Bureau (Hong Kong)">Security Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Police_Force" title="Hong Kong Police Force">Hong Kong Police Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Fire_Services_Department" title="Hong Kong Fire Services Department">Hong Kong Fire Services Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correctional_Services_Department" title="Correctional Services Department">Correctional Services Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Customs_and_Excise_Department" title="Hong Kong Customs and Excise Department">Customs and Excise Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Department_(Hong_Kong)" title="Immigration Department (Hong Kong)">Immigration Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Flying_Service" title="Government Flying Service">Government Flying Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Aid_Service" title="Civil Aid Service">Civil Aid Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_Medical_Service" title="Auxiliary Medical Service">Auxiliary Medical Service</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transport_and_Logistics_Bureau" title="Transport and Logistics Bureau">Transport and Logistics Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transport_Department" title="Transport Department">Transport Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Aviation_Department_(Hong_Kong)" title="Civil Aviation Department (Hong Kong)">Civil Aviation Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highways_Department" title="Highways Department">Highways Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Department_(Hong_Kong)" title="Marine Department (Hong Kong)">Marine Department</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Housing_Bureau" title="Housing Bureau">Housing Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Housing_Department" title="Housing Department">Housing Department</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_and_Economic_Development_Bureau" title="Commerce and Economic Development Bureau">Commerce and Economic Development Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>Intellectual Property Department</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invest_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Invest Hong Kong">Invest Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Communications_Authority" title="Office of the Communications Authority">Office of the Communications Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongkong_Post" title="Hongkong Post">Post Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_and_Industry_Department" title="Trade and Industry Department">Trade and Industry Department</a></li> <li>Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices (Overseas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">Radio Television Hong Kong</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Development_Bureau" title="Development Bureau">Development Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_Services_Department" title="Architectural Services Department">Architectural Services Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buildings_Department" title="Buildings Department">Buildings Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Engineering_and_Development_Department" title="Civil Engineering and Development Department">Civil Engineering and Development Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drainage_Services_Department" title="Drainage Services Department">Drainage Services Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_and_Mechanical_Services_Department" title="Electrical and Mechanical Services Department">Electrical and Mechanical Services Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lands_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Lands Department">Lands Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Registry_(Hong_Kong)" title="Land Registry (Hong Kong)">Land Registry</a></li> <li>Planning Department</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Supplies_Department" title="Water Supplies Department">Water Supplies Department</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Services_and_the_Treasury_Bureau" title="Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau">Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Census_and_Statistics_Department_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Census and Statistics Department (Hong Kong)">Census and Statistics Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_Registry_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Companies Registry (Hong Kong)">Companies Registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Logistics_Department" title="Government Logistics Department">Government Logistics Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Property_Agency_(Hong_Kong)" title="Government Property Agency (Hong Kong)">Government Property Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Revenue_Department_(Hong_Kong)" title="Inland Revenue Department (Hong Kong)">Inland Revenue Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Receiver%27s_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Official Receiver's Office">Official Receiver's Office</a></li> <li>Rating and Valuation Department</li> <li>Treasury</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Innovation,_Technology_and_Industry_Bureau" title="Innovation, Technology and Industry Bureau">Innovation, Technology and Industry Bureau</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Efficiency_Office" title="Efficiency Office">Efficiency Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Government_Chief_Information_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Government Chief Information Officer">Office of the Government Chief Information Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation_and_Technology_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Innovation and Technology Commission">Innovation and Technology Commission</a></li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Civil_Service" title="Hong Kong Civil Service">Hong Kong Civil Service</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_Officer_(Hong_Kong)" title="Administrative Officer (Hong Kong)">Administrative Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Appointments_System" title="Political Appointments System">Political Appointments System</a></li></ul></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Legislature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Legislative Council</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="President of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Leung" title="Andrew Leung">Andrew Leung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Members_of_the_Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong">List of Members of the Legislative Council</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Political camps:</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)" title="Pro-Beijing camp (Hong Kong)">Pro-Beijing camp</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pro-democracy camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localist_camp" title="Localist camp">Localist camp</a></li></ul></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Court_of_Final_Appeal" title="Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal">Court of Final Appeal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_Court_of_Final_Appeal" title="Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal">Chief Justice</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cheung" title="Andrew Cheung">Andrew Cheung</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Hong_Kong" title="High Court of Hong Kong">High Court</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Judge_of_the_High_Court_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Judge of the High Court of Hong Kong">Chief Judge</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Poon_Shiu-chor" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeremy Poon Shiu-chor">Jeremy Poon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_(Hong_Kong)" title="Court of Appeal (Hong Kong)">Court of Appeal</a> <ul><li>President of the Court of Appeal</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_First_Instance_(Hong_Kong)" title="Court of First Instance (Hong Kong)">Court of First Instance</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/District_Court_(Hong_Kong)" title="District Court (Hong Kong)">District Court</a> </p> <ul><li>Chief District Judge: Justin Ko</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Magistrates%27_Court_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magistrates' Court (Hong Kong)">Magistrates' Court</a> </p> <ul><li>Chief Magistrate: So Wai-tak</li></ul> <p>Special courts and tribunals: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong#The_Coroner’s_Court" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Coroner’s Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong#The_Labour_Tribunal" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Labour Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lands_Tribunal_(Hong_Kong)" title="Lands Tribunal (Hong Kong)">Lands Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Misconduct_Tribunal" title="Market Misconduct Tribunal">Market Misconduct Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong#The_Obscene_Articles_Tribunal" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Obscene Articles Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Hong_Kong#The_Small_Claims_Tribunal" title="Judiciary of Hong Kong">Small Claims Tribunal</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Hong_Kong" title="Districts of Hong Kong">Districts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/District_Officer_(Hong_Kong)" title="District Officer (Hong Kong)">District Officers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_Councils_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="District Councils of Hong Kong">District Councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_and_Western_District" title="Central and Western District">Central and Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_District,_Hong_Kong" title="Eastern District, Hong Kong">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_District" title="Islands District">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kowloon_City_District" title="Kowloon City District">Kowloon City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwai_Tsing_District" title="Kwai Tsing District">Kwai Tsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwun_Tong_District" title="Kwun Tong District">Kwun Tong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_District,_Hong_Kong" title="North District, Hong Kong">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sai_Kung_District" title="Sai Kung District">Sai Kung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha_Tin_District" title="Sha Tin District">Sha Tin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sham_Shui_Po_District" title="Sham Shui Po District">Sham Shui Po</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_District,_Hong_Kong" title="Southern District, Hong Kong">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Po_District" title="Tai Po District">Tai Po</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsuen_Wan_District" title="Tsuen Wan District">Tsuen Wan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuen_Mun_District" title="Tuen Mun District">Tuen Mun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wan_Chai_District" title="Wan Chai District">Wan Chai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wong_Tai_Sin_District" title="Wong Tai Sin District">Wong Tai Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yau_Tsim_Mong_District" title="Yau Tsim Mong District">Yau Tsim Mong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuen_Long_District" title="Yuen Long District">Yuen Long</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_committees_of_Hong_Kong" title="Area committees of Hong Kong">Area committees</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Hong_Kong" title="Elections in Hong Kong">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_Affairs_Commission" title="Electoral Affairs Commission">Electoral Affairs Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Registration_and_Electoral_Office_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Registration and Electoral Office (Hong Kong)">Registration and Electoral Office</a></li></ul> <p>Chief Executive Elections </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Election_Committee_(Hong_Kong)" title="Election Committee (Hong Kong)">Election Committee</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_legislative_elections" title="Hong Kong legislative elections">Legislative elections</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_constituency" title="Geographical constituency">Geographical Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_constituency_(Hong_Kong)" title="Functional constituency (Hong Kong)">Functional Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_Committee_(constituency)" title="Election Committee (constituency)">Election Committee Constituency</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="Hong Kong local elections">District council elections</a><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_Hong_Kong" title="List of constituencies of Hong Kong">List of constituencies of Hong Kong</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Hong_Kong" title="List of political parties in Hong Kong">Political parties</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_development_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic development in Hong Kong">Universal suffrage</a><br /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #8C0046;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hong_Kong" title="Foreign relations of Hong Kong">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;">Documents <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_identity_card" title="Hong Kong identity card">Hong Kong identity card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region_passport" title="Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passport">HKSAR Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_(Overseas)_passport" title="British National (Overseas) passport">BNO Passport</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Consular_missions_in_Hong_Kong" title="Consular missions in Hong Kong">Consular missions in Hong Kong</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Economic_and_Trade_Office" title="Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office">Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Hong Kong–United Kingdom relations">Hong Kong–United Kingdom relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Hong Kong–United States relations">Hong Kong–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Hong Kong–Philippines relations">Hong Kong–Philippines relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Singapore_relations" title="Hong Kong–Singapore relations">Hong Kong–Singapore relations</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Consular_missions_in_Hong_Kong#Relations_with_Mainland_China" title="Consular missions in Hong Kong">Hong Kong–China relations</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Liaison_Office" title="Hong Kong Liaison Office">Hong Kong Liaison Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Government_of_the_Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region_in_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in Beijing">Office of the Government of the HKSAR in Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_and_Hong_Kong_Closer_Economic_Partnership_Arrangement" title="Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement">Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Hong Kong–Taiwan relations">Hong Kong–Taiwan relations</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Economic,_Trade_and_Cultural_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Economic, Trade and Cultural Office">Hong Kong Economic, Trade and Cultural Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Taiwan_Economic_and_Cultural_Co-operation_and_Promotion_Council" title="Hong Kong–Taiwan Economic and Cultural Co-operation and Promotion Council">Hong Kong–Taiwan Economic and Cultural Co-operation and Promotion Council</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="font-weight:normal; border:1px solid #8C0046;"> <b>Related topics</b> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Hong_Kong" title="Culture of Hong Kong">Culture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Hong_Kong" title="Economy of Hong Kong">Economy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Hong_Kong" title="Education in Hong Kong">Education</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Hong_Kong" title="Geography of Hong Kong">Geography</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hong_Kong" title="History of Hong Kong">History</a></li></ul></div> <b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/16px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/24px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/32px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hong_Kong" title="Portal:Hong Kong">Hong Kong portal</a></b></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-right:0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Template:Politics of Hong Kong"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Template talk:Politics of Hong Kong"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Hong_Kong" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Hong Kong"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #C5C12B; border-spacing:0.2em 0; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff );color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Liberalism_in_China" title="Category:Liberalism in China">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#FFD424; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:150%; font-weight:normal; color:black; line-height:1em"><b><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_China" title="Liberalism in China"><span style="color: #000;">Liberalism in China</span></a></b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_dragon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/China_dragon.svg/120px-China_dragon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/China_dragon.svg/180px-China_dragon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/China_dragon.svg/240px-China_dragon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_and_political_rights" title="Civil and political rights">Civil and political rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Due_process" title="Due process">Due process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_freedom" title="Economic freedom">Economic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_before_the_law" title="Equality before the law">Equality before the law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">Freedom of the press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">Freedom of speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty" title="Popular sovereignty">Popular sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_movements_of_China" title="Democracy movements of China">Democracy movements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970s_Hong_Kong_student_protests" title="1970s Hong Kong student protests">1970s Hong Kong student protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">1989 Tiananmen Square protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Chinese_pro-democracy_protests" title="2011 Chinese pro-democracy protests">2011 Chinese pro-democracy protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2014 Hong Kong protests">2014 Hong Kong protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">2019–2020 Hong Kong protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_COVID-19_protests_in_China" title="2022 COVID-19 protests in China">2022 COVID-19 protests in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Spring" title="Beijing Spring">Beijing Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Wall" title="Democracy Wall">Democracy Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_1_July_marches" title="Hong Kong 1 July marches">Hong Kong 1 July marches</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution">1911 Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Flowers_Campaign" title="Hundred Flowers Campaign">Hundred Flowers Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Enlightenment_(China)" title="New Enlightenment (China)">New Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Fourth_Movement" title="May Fourth Movement">May Fourth Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Culture_Movement" title="New Culture Movement">New Culture Movement</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ai_Weiwei" title="Ai Weiwei">Ai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bao_Tong" title="Bao Tong">Bao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Yang" title="Bo Yang">Bo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsun_Chang" title="Carsun Chang">Chang (Carsun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._C._Chang" title="P. C. Chang">Chang (P. C.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Chiang" title="Johnny Chiang">Chiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Chow" title="Agnes Chow">Chow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chu_Anping" title="Chu Anping">Chu (Anping)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Chu" title="Eddie Chu">Chu (Eddie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Fan" title="Gary Fan">Fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fang_Fang" title="Fang Fang">Fang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fei_Xiaotong" title="Fei Xiaotong">Fei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu_Su" title="Gu Su">Gu (Su)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu_Zhun" title="Gu Zhun">Gu (Zhun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Weifang" title="He Weifang">He</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Ho" title="Albert Ho">Ho (Albert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyd_Ho" title="Cyd Ho">Ho (Cyd)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kai_Ho" title="Kai Ho">Ho (Kai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hsu_Shih-hsien" title="Hsu Shih-hsien">Hsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Shih" title="Hu Shih">Hu (Shih)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Yaobang" title="Hu Yaobang">Hu (Yaobang)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Menglin" title="Jiang Menglin">Jiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Lai" title="Jimmy Lai">Lai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lei_Chen" title="Lei Chen">Lei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Lau" title="Emily Lau">Lau (Emily)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lau_Siu-lai" title="Lau Siu-lai">Lau (Siu-lai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Law" title="Nathan Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Lee" title="Martin Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Rui" title="Li Rui">Li (Rui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Shenzhi" title="Li Shenzhi">Li (Shenzhi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Yinhe" title="Li Yinhe">Li (Yinhe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liang_Qichao" title="Liang Qichao">Liang</a> (early)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Junning" title="Liu Junning">Liu (Junning)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo" title="Liu Xiaobo">Liu (Xiaobo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_Changping" title="Luo Changping">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Yushi" title="Mao Yushi">Mao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Mo" title="Claudia Mo">Mo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Mok" title="Charles Mok">Mok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_Hui_(historian)" title="Qin Hui (historian)">Qin (1953)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tao_Xingzhi" title="Tao Xingzhi">Tao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_To" title="James To">To</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Wong" title="Joshua Wong">Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Ruoshui" title="Wang Ruoshui">Wang (Ruoshui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yang_(politician)" title="Wang Yang (politician)">Wang (Yang)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wen_Jiabao" title="Wen Jiabao">Wen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chi-wai" title="Wu Chi-wai">Wu (Chi-wai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Jinglian" title="Wu Jinglian">Wu (Jinglian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._C._Wu" title="K. C. Wu">Wu (K. C.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiang_Lanxin" title="Xiang Lanxin">Xiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Jilin" title="Xu Jilin">Xu (Jilin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Youyu" title="Xu Youyu">Xu (Youyu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Zhangrun" title="Xu Zhangrun">Xu (Zhangrun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Li_(stand-up_comedian)" title="Yang Li (stand-up comedian)">Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeung_Sum" title="Yeung Sum">Yeung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Yen" class="mw-redirect" title="James Yen">James Yen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Dongsun" title="Zhang Dongsun">Zhang (Dongsun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Qianfan" title="Zhang Qianfan">Zhang (Qianfan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Weiying" title="Zhang Weiying">Zhang (Weiying)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Ziyang" title="Zhao Ziyang">Zhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Xueqin" title="Zhu Xueqin">Zhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Zimmerman_(politician)" title="Paul Zimmerman (politician)">Zimmerman</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Extant parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <p><b>Hong Kong (pro-democracy)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Association_for_Democracy_and_People%27s_Livelihood" title="Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood">ADPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_Fifth_Action" title="April Fifth Action">April Fifth Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Act-up" title="Civic Act-up">Civic Act-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Alliance" title="Community Alliance">Community Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Democratic Party (Hong Kong)">Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Labour Party (Hong Kong)">Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Social_Democrats" title="League of Social Democrats">League of Social Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighbourhood_and_Worker%27s_Service_Centre" title="Neighbourhood and Worker's Service Centre">Neighbourhood and Worker's Service Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_(Hong_Kong)" title="People Power (Hong Kong)">People Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Commons" title="Professional Commons">Professional Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Action_(Hong_Kong)" title="Socialist Action (Hong Kong)">Socialist Action</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Hong Kong (centrist)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Path_of_Democracy" title="Path of Democracy">Path of Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Side" title="Third Side">Third Side</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Hong Kong (pro-ROC)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_Kowloon_Trades_Union_Council" title="Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council">Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Hong Kong (localist)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deliberation_Tsuen_Wan" title="Deliberation Tsuen Wan">Deliberation Tsuen Wan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HK_First" title="HK First">HK First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Justice_League" title="Land Justice League">Land Justice League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletariat_Political_Institute" title="Proletariat Political Institute">Proletariat Political Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsuen_Wan_Community_Network" title="Tsuen Wan Community Network">Tsuen Wan Community Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngspiration" title="Youngspiration">Youngspiration</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Macau</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Macau_Association" title="New Democratic Macau Association">New Democratic Macau Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hope_(Macau)" title="New Hope (Macau)">New Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Macau_Association" title="New Macau Association">New Macau Association</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Republic of China (Taiwan)</b><br /><b>(groups of pro-Chinese identity)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Party" title="Chinese People's Party">Chinese People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Partisan_Solidarity_Union" title="Non-Partisan Solidarity Union">Non-Partisan Solidarity Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_First_Party_(Taiwan)" title="People First Party (Taiwan)">People First Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Historical parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Democratic_League" title="China Democratic League">China Democratic League</a> (early)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(1912)" title="Democratic Party (1912)">Democratic Party (1912)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labor_Party_of_the_Republic_of_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labor Party of the Republic of China (page does not exist)">Labor Party of the Republic of China</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%9A" class="extiw" title="zh:中华民国工党">zh</a>]</span></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Hong Kong (pro-democracy)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Citizens Party (Hong Kong)">Citizens Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Party" title="Civic Party">Civic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Self-Government_Party_of_Hong_Kong" title="Democratic Self-Government Party of Hong Kong">Democratic Self-Government Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Frontier_(Hong_Kong)" title="The Frontier (Hong Kong)">The Frontier</a> (1996)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Frontier_(Hong_Kong,_2010)" title="The Frontier (Hong Kong, 2010)">The Frontier</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Affairs_Society" title="Hong Kong Affairs Society">Hong Kong Affairs Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Chinese_Reform_Association" title="Hong Kong Chinese Reform Association">Hong Kong Chinese Reform Association</a> (early)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Confederation_of_Trade_Unions" title="Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions">Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Socialist_Democratic_Party" title="Hong Kong Socialist Democratic Party">Hong Kong Socialist Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meeting_Point" title="Meeting Point">Meeting Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_for_Democracy" title="Power for Democracy">Power for Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_Party_of_China" title="Revolutionary Communist Party of China">Revolutionary Communist Party of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Marxist_League_(Hong_Kong)" title="Revolutionary Marxist League (Hong Kong)">Revolutionary Marxist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Democrats_of_Hong_Kong" title="United Democrats of Hong Kong">United Democrats</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Hong Kong (pro-ROC)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/123_Democratic_Alliance" title="123 Democratic Alliance">123 Democratic Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(Hong_Kong)" title="Democratic Alliance (Hong Kong)">Yuen Long Tin Shui Wai Democratic Alliance</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Hong Kong (localist)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party_of_Hong_Kong" title="Democratic Progressive Party of Hong Kong">Democratic Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demosisto" title="Demosisto">Demosisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_Democrats" title="Neo Democrats">Neo Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Team_Chu_Hoi-dick_of_New_Territories_West" title="Team Chu Hoi-dick of New Territories West">Team Chu Hoi-dick of New Territories West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsz_Wan_Shan_Constructive_Power" title="Tsz Wan Shan Constructive Power">Tsz Wan Shan Constructive Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuen_Mun_Community_Network" title="Tuen Mun Community Network">Tuen Mun Community Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Social_Association" title="Victoria Social Association">Victoria Social Association</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Republic of China (Taiwan)</b><br /><b>(groups of pro-Chinese identity)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Democracy_Party_(Taiwan)" title="China Democracy Party (Taiwan)">China Democracy Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minkuotang" title="Minkuotang">Minkuotang</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Banned parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Party_of_China" title="Democracy Party of China">Democracy Party of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democracy_Party_of_China" title="New Democracy Party of China">New Democracy Party of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Chinese_Nationalists" title="Union of Chinese Nationalists">Union of Chinese Nationalists</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Alliances</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li>Pro-democracy camp <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-democracy_camp_(Macau)" title="Pro-democracy camp (Macau)">Macau</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pro-Kuomintang camp <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pro-ROC_camp" title="Pro-ROC camp">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Chinese_Nationalists" title="Union of Chinese Nationalists">mainland China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localist_camp" title="Localist camp">Localist camp (Hong Kong)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALLinHK" title="ALLinHK">ALLinHK</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_True_Democracy" title="Alliance for True Democracy">Alliance for True Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Human_Rights_Front" title="Civil Human Rights Front">Civil Human Rights Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_190" title="Group of 190">Group of 190</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Alliance_in_Support_of_Patriotic_Democratic_Movements_of_China" title="Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China">HKASPDMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Democratic_Foundation" title="Hong Kong Democratic Foundation">Hong Kong Democratic Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Digital" title="Next Digital">Next Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Club_of_Hong_Kong" title="Reform Club of Hong Kong">Reform Club of Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiananmen_Mothers" title="Tiananmen Mothers">Tiananmen Mothers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <p><b>Current</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/China_Times" title="China Times">China Times</a></i> (early)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Free_Press" title="Hong Kong Free Press">Hong Kong Free Press</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yanhuang_Chunqiu" title="Yanhuang Chunqiu">Yanhuang Chunqiu</a></i></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Former</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apple_Daily" title="Apple Daily">Apple Daily</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Endeavor_Weekly" title="Endeavor Weekly">Endeavor Weekly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Free_China_Journal" title="Free China Journal">Free China Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Next_Magazine_(Hong_Kong_and_Taiwan)" title="Next Magazine (Hong Kong and Taiwan)">Next Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sharp_Daily" title="Sharp Daily">Sharp Daily</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neoauthoritarianism_(China)#Criticism_and_views" title="Neoauthoritarianism (China)">Criticism of neoauthoritarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism_in_China" title="Anti-communism in China">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_China" title="Federalism in China">Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_China" title="Feminism in China">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Liberalism in Hong Kong">Liberalism in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_ethnic_nationalism" title="Local ethnic nationalism">Local ethnic nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_nationalism" title="Hong Kong nationalism">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenism" title="Indigenism">Indigenism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Localism in Hong Kong">Localism in Hong Kong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Autonomy_Movement" title="Hong Kong Autonomy Movement">Autonomy Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_independence" title="Hong Kong independence">Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Confucianism" title="Progressive Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Principles_of_the_People" title="Three Principles of the People">Three Principles of the People</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#China" title="Conservatism">Conservatism in China</a> (opposing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism#Criticism" title="Confucianism">Critics of Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_China" title="Democracy in China">Democracy in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Hong_Kong" title="Democracy in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_China" title="Human rights in China">Human rights in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_China" title="LGBTQ rights in China">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Republic_of_China" title="Pro-Republic of China">Pro-Republic of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_Taiwan" title="Progressivism in Taiwan">Progressivism in Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_nationalism" title="Taiwanese nationalism">Taiwanese nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huadu_(Taiwan)" title="Huadu (Taiwan)">ROC independence</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_China,_Many_Paths" title="One China, Many Paths">One China, Many Paths</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_flag_waving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/15px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/22px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/30px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Liberalism" title="Portal:Liberalism">Liberalism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Republic of China">Republic of China portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/16px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/24px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/32px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hong_Kong" title="Portal:Hong Kong">Hong Kong portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liberalism_in_China" title="Template:Liberalism in China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Liberalism_in_China" title="Template talk:Liberalism in China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liberalism_in_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Liberalism in China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>pro-democracy camp</b>, also known as the <b>pan-democracy camp</b>, is a political alignment in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> that supports increased democracy, namely the <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Legislative Council</a> as given by the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Law of Hong Kong">Basic Law</a> under the "<a href="/wiki/One_Country,_Two_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="One Country, Two Systems">One Country, Two Systems</a>" framework. </p><p>The pro-democrats generally embrace <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> values such as rule of law, human rights, civil liberties and social justice, though their economic positions vary. They are often referred to as the "opposition camp" as they have consistently been the minority camp within the Legislative Council, and because of their non-cooperative and sometimes confrontational stance towards the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hong_Kong" title="Government of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_People%27s_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Central People's Government">Chinese central governments</a>. Opposite to the pro-democracy camp is the <a href="/wiki/Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)" title="Pro-Beijing camp (Hong Kong)">pro-Beijing camp</a>, whose members are perceived as being supportive of the Beijing and SAR authorities. Since the <a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Hong_Kong" title="Handover of Hong Kong">1997 handover</a>, the pro-democracy camp has usually received 55 to 60 percent of the votes in each election, but has always received less than half of the seats in the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Legislative Council</a> due to the <a href="/wiki/Indirectly_elected" class="mw-redirect" title="Indirectly elected">indirectly elected</a> elements of the legislature. </p><p>The pro-democracy activists emerged from the youth movements in the 1970s and began to take part in electoral politics as the colonial government introduced representative democracy in the mid 1980s. The pro-democrats joined hands in pushing for greater democracy both in the transition period and after <a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_sovereignty_over_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong">handover of Hong Kong</a> in 1997. Many also supported greater democracy in China and the <a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">1989 Tiananmen Square protests</a>. The relationship between the pro-democrats and the Beijing government turned hostile after Beijing's bloody crackdown on the protest, after which the pro-democrats were labelled as "treasonous". After the <a href="/wiki/2004_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2004 Hong Kong legislative election">2004 Legislative Council election</a>, the term "pan-democracy camp" (abbreviated "pan-dems") became more commonly used as more allied parties and politicians of varying political ideologies emerged. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2016_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2016 Hong Kong legislative election">2016 Legislative Council election</a>, the camp faced a challenge from the new <a href="/wiki/Localist_camp" title="Localist camp">localists</a> who emerged after the <a href="/wiki/Umbrella_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Umbrella Revolution">Umbrella Revolution</a> and ran under the banner of <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_independence" title="Hong Kong independence">Hong Kong independence</a>. After the election, some localists joined the pro-democrats' caucus, which rebranded itself as the "pro-democracy camp".<sup id="cite_ref-G27_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The disunity within the camp and the failure of the Umbrella Revolution cost the pro-democrats in the <a href="/wiki/2018_Hong_Kong_by-election" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Hong Kong by-election">2018 by-elections</a>. The <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Hong Kong protests">2019 anti-extradition movement</a>, however, saw a rebound in popularity for the camp, which contributed to its biggest victory in the history of Hong Kong, gaining control of 17 of the 18 District Councils and more than tripling their seats from 124 to 388 in the <a href="/wiki/2019_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2019 Hong Kong local elections">2019 District Council election</a>. In reaction to the political upheaval, the Beijing government further curbed the opposition and the disqualification of four sitting pro-democracy legislators triggered the <a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_Legislative_Council_mass_resignations" title="2020 Hong Kong Legislative Council mass resignations">resignations of 15 remaining pro-democrats</a> from the legislature, leaving pro-democrats with no representation for the first time since 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_resign_en_masse_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_resign_en_masse-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology">Ideology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ideology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Liberalism in Hong Kong">Liberalism in Hong Kong</a></div> <p>One of the main goals of the pro-democracy camp is to achieve <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive</a> (CE) and the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Legislative Council</a> (LegCo) as guaranteed in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_45" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 45">Article 45</a> and Article 68 of the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Law of Hong Kong">Basic Law</a> respectively. Since the <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress_Standing_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="National People's Congress Standing Committee">National People's Congress Standing Committee</a>'s (NPCSC) <a href="/wiki/831_decision" class="mw-redirect" title="831 decision">31 August 2014 decision</a>, which determined that the Chief Executive candidate would be selected by a highly restrictive nominating committee and was seen as betrayal of the democratic value, some democrats have raised the question of the <a href="/wiki/Right_of_self-determination" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of self-determination">right to self-determination</a>. However, the mainstream pro-democrats retained their support for a highly autonomous Hong Kong under the "<a href="/wiki/One_Country,_Two_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="One Country, Two Systems">One Country, Two Systems</a>" framework, as promised by the Basic Law.<sup id="cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pro-democrats generally embrace <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> values such as rule of law, human rights, civil liberties, and social justice, though their economic positions vary. Some pro-democrats position themselves as more <a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">pro-labour</a> while most pro-democrats believe in a more <a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">meritocratic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Egalitarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Egalitarian">egalitarian</a> society. The pro-democracy camp generally supports the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_democracy_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese democracy movement">Chinese democracy movement</a>, which can be traced back to their support for the <a href="/wiki/Tiananmen_Square_protests_of_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiananmen Square protests of 1989">Tiananmen Square protests of 1989</a>. Many of the pro-democrats have been calling for the end of <a href="/wiki/One_party_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="One party rule">one party rule</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> and therefore are seen as a threat by the Beijing authorities. The camp's support for more liberal democracy is seen as unacceptable by the Beijing government. In some cases, pan-democracy activists have been labeled <a href="/wiki/Traitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Traitors">traitors</a> to China.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pro-democrats are also divided by their approach for achieving democracy: the moderate democrats, represented by the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Democratic Party (Hong Kong)">Democratic Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Democracy_and_People%27s_Livelihood" class="mw-redirect" title="Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood">Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood</a> (ADPL), believe in dialogue with Beijing and Hong Kong governments over struggle, while radical democrats such as the League of Social Democrats and the <a href="/wiki/People_Power_(Hong_Kong)" title="People Power (Hong Kong)">People Power</a> believe in street actions and mass movements. There have been severe conflicts and distrust between the two factions and a great split after the <a href="/wiki/2010_Hong_Kong_electoral_reform" title="2010 Hong Kong electoral reform">constitutional reform voting</a> in 2010, where the Democratic Party negotiated with the Beijing representatives and supported the modified reform proposal and was thus seen as a betrayal by the radical democrats.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_development_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic development in Hong Kong">Democratic development in Hong Kong</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_development">Early development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Members of the camp include social workers and social activists emerged from the 1970s youth movements. Many of them grouped themselves as the "social action faction", competing against the pro-Communist <a href="/wiki/Maoists" class="mw-redirect" title="Maoists">Maoists</a> in whom they disagreed with their ultra-nationalist and radical Maoist stances. Although claiming to be patriotic and launching the <a href="/wiki/Baodiao_movement" title="Baodiao movement">defend the Diaoyu Islands movement</a>, the "social action faction" dedicated themselves into the local social issues in Hong Kong. They fought for the social inequality and livelihood issues, including the anti-corruption movement and Chinese Language movement and so forth. In the early 1980s when the question of Hong Kong sovereignty emerged, many of them supported a democratic autonomous Hong Kong under Chinese sovereignty, notably the <a href="/wiki/Meeting_Point" title="Meeting Point">Meeting Point</a> which was founded in January 1983 which became the first political group to publicly support the Chinese sovereignty of Hong Kong.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Sino-British_Joint_Declaration" title="Sino-British Joint Declaration">Sino-British Joint Declaration</a>, the pro-democrats began to join hands to demand further democracy before and after 1997. In 1986, a number of political groups, activists, professionals and politicians joined hand under the banner of the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Committee_on_the_Promotion_of_Democratic_Government" title="Joint Committee on the Promotion of Democratic Government">Joint Committee on the Promotion of Democratic Government</a> (JCPDG) demanding for <a href="/wiki/1988_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="1988 Hong Kong legislative election">1988 direct elections</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Legislative Council</a> and earlier <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chief Executive of Hong Kong">Chief Executive</a> and Legislative Council after 1997, as presented in the proposal of the <a href="/wiki/Group_of_190" title="Group of 190">Group of 190</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dictionary_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dictionary-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their arch rival at the time was the <a href="/wiki/Group_of_89" title="Group of 89">Group of 89</a>, a group of conservative business and professional elites in the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Drafting_Committee" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee">Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee</a> (HKBLDC) and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Consultative_Committee" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Consultative Committee">Hong Kong Basic Law Consultative Committee</a> (HKBLCC). They generally opposed the British colonial administration and its perceived "<a href="/wiki/Kowtowing" class="mw-redirect" title="Kowtowing">kowtowing</a>" to the Beijing government over the issues such as constitutional reform, direct elections, civic rights and <a href="/wiki/Daya_Bay_Nuclear_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Daya Bay Nuclear Plant">Daya Bay Nuclear Plant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dictionary_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dictionary-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pro-democrats maintained a relatively warm relationship with the Beijing government during the 1980s, as many of the pro-democrats supported the Chinese sovereignty in Hong Kong and the "high degree of autonomy" as ensured in the Sino-British Joint Declaration. They also saw the ideal of Hong Kong helping in China's <a href="/wiki/Four_Modernisations" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Modernisations">Four Modernisations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dictionary_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dictionary-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Beijing authorities also viewed the pro-democrats as the targets of the <a href="/wiki/United_front_in_Hong_Kong" title="United front in Hong Kong">united front</a>. Barrister <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lee" title="Martin Lee">Martin Lee</a> and educator <a href="/wiki/Szeto_Wah" title="Szeto Wah">Szeto Wah</a>, president of the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Professional_Teachers%27_Union" title="Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union">Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union</a>, who were also the two most visible pro-democracy leaders, were appointed members of the Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee in 1985 by Beijing.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pro-democrats also participated in electoral politics as direct elections were introduced in local levels in the 1980s, namely the <a href="/wiki/District_Council_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="District Council of Hong Kong">District Boards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urban_Council" title="Urban Council">Urban Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Regional_Council_(Hong_Kong)" title="Regional Council (Hong Kong)">Regional Council</a>. Among them, the Meeting Point formed in 1983, the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Affairs_Society" title="Hong Kong Affairs Society">Hong Kong Affairs Society</a> in 1985 and <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Democracy_and_People%27s_Livelihood" class="mw-redirect" title="Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood">Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood</a> in 1986 became the three major pro-democratic groups and formed a strategic alliance in the <a href="/wiki/1988_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="1988 Hong Kong local elections">1988 District Board elections</a>, which laid the foundation of the pro-democracy grassroots supports.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tiananmen_protests_and_last_colonial_years">Tiananmen protests and last colonial years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tiananmen protests and last colonial years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The consolidation of its public support has its roots in opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Tiananmen_Square_protests_of_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiananmen Square protests of 1989">1989 Tiananmen crackdown</a> which aroused widespread horror, sympathy and support of the protesters by Hong Kong citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-Wingk_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wingk-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pro-democrats, who were heavily involved in the protests and formed the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Alliance_in_Support_of_Patriotic_Democratic_Movements_of_China" title="Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China">Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China</a> (ADSPDMC or Alliance), were seen as "treason" and threat to the Beijing government. The two pro-democracy Basic Law Drafting Committee members, Martin Lee and Szeto Wah, were stripped from the office after they resigned in protest of the bloody crackdown, many of other pro-democrats were denied entry to the Mainland China since. Since 1989, the Alliance organise <a href="/wiki/Memorials_for_the_Tiananmen_Square_protests_of_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorials for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989">annual candlelight vigil</a> for the June 4 crackdown at the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Park,_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria Park, Hong Kong">Victoria Park, Hong Kong</a>, which draw thousands of people every year. Ahead of the <a href="/wiki/1991_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="1991 Hong Kong legislative election">first direct election to the Legislative Council in 1991</a>, around 600 democracy activists co-founded the first major pro-democracy party, the <a href="/wiki/United_Democrats_of_Hong_Kong" title="United Democrats of Hong Kong">United Democrats of Hong Kong</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sing_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sing-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The electoral alliance of United Democrats of Hong Kong and Meeting Point, together with other smaller political parties, groups and independents, won a historical landslide victory in the 1991 election, took 17 out of the 18 geographical constituency seats.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pro-democrats were often considered strategic allies of <a href="/wiki/Chris_Patten" title="Chris Patten">Chris Patten</a>, the last <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Hong_Kong" title="Governor of Hong Kong">colonial governor</a> who proposed a <a href="/wiki/1994_Hong_Kong_electoral_reform" title="1994 Hong Kong electoral reform">much progressive democratic reform</a> in the last years before the <a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Hong_Kong" title="Handover of Hong Kong">handover of Hong Kong</a>, despite Beijing's strong opposition. The Democrats supported Patten's proposal for the <a href="/wiki/1995_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="1995 Hong Kong legislative election">1995 Legislative Council election</a>. However, <a href="/wiki/Emily_Lau" title="Emily Lau">Emily Lau</a>'s full-scale direct election amendment was not passed as a result of Meeting Point's abstaining from voting for Emily Lau, which caused harsh criticism from the radical democrats and the <a href="/wiki/United_Ants" class="mw-redirect" title="United Ants">United Ants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sing_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sing-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1994, the United Democrats and the Meeting Point merged into the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Democratic Party (Hong Kong)">Democratic Party</a>, which won another landslide victory in the 1995 election, taking 19 seats in total, far ahead of other parties. Together with other democratic parties and individuals including Emily Lau, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Cheuk-yan" title="Lee Cheuk-yan">Lee Cheuk-yan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leung_Yiu-chung" title="Leung Yiu-chung">Leung Yiu-chung</a> who later formed <a href="/wiki/The_Frontier_(Hong_Kong)" title="The Frontier (Hong Kong)">The Frontier</a> in 1996 and <a href="/wiki/Christine_Loh" title="Christine Loh">Christine Loh</a> who formed the <a href="/wiki/Citizens_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Citizens Party (Hong Kong)">Citizens Party</a> in 1997, the pro-democrats gained a thin majority in the legislature for the last two years before 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Beijing government argued that the electoral reform introduced by Patten had violated the Joint Declaration and thus they no longer felt obliged to honour the promise of a "through train", a plan to keep the 1995 elected legislature into post-handover SAR era. A parallel Legislative Council, the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Legislative_Council" title="Provisional Legislative Council">Provisional Legislative Council</a>, was formed in 1996 under the control of the Pro-Beijing camp, this became the Legislative Council upon the founding of the new SAR government in 1997, in which the pro-democrats except for the Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood boycotted it, deeming it as unconstitutional.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Handover_to_China_and_1_July_2003_protest">Handover to China and 1 July 2003 protest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Handover to China and 1 July 2003 protest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All of its members, except the <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Democracy_and_People%27s_Livelihood" class="mw-redirect" title="Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood">Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood</a>, declined to join the extralegal Provisional Legislative Council installed by the government of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a>, and were ousted from the territory's legislature for a year until the 1998 election.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting from the 1998 election, since the <a href="/wiki/Plurality_voting_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Plurality voting system">plurality</a> electoral system was changed to <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>, compounded with the restoration of corporate votes in the functional constituencies, and replacement of broad-based functional constituencies with traditional ones, the number of seats of the camp dipped, albeit having similar share of vote.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the camp, share of smaller parties and independents increased relatively, with the share of the Democratic Party falling from around two-thirds in 1995 to less than a half by 2004. </p><p>The pro-democracy camp was the strong opposition to the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_(Legislative_Provisions)_Bill_2003" title="National Security (Legislative Provisions) Bill 2003">national security and anti-subversion legislation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_23" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23">Basic Law Article 23</a> and they successfully called for <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_July_1_marches#2003" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong July 1 marches">over 500,000 people to protest</a> on 1 July 2003 against the legislation, the largest demonstration since the handover.<sup id="cite_ref-Wyc_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wyc-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pro-democrats received victories in the subsequent <a href="/wiki/2003_Hong_Kong_district_councils_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 Hong Kong district councils election">2003 District Councils</a> and <a href="/wiki/2004_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2004 Hong Kong legislative election">2004 Legislative Council</a> elections. The barrister-formed Article 23 Concern Group formed by the pro-democracy lawyers, which transformed into <a href="/wiki/Article_45_Concern_Group" title="Article 45 Concern Group">Article 45 Concern Group</a>, saw its member <a href="/wiki/Audrey_Eu" title="Audrey Eu">Audrey Eu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Leong" title="Alan Leong">Alan Leong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ronny_Tong" title="Ronny Tong">Ronny Tong</a> were elected in the 2004 election. In 2006, the group formed the middle class and professional oriented <a href="/wiki/Civic_Party" title="Civic Party">Civic Party</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On the other hand, the left-wing radical group <a href="/wiki/League_of_Social_Democrats" title="League of Social Democrats">League of Social Democrats</a> was formed in the same year by <a href="/wiki/Trotskyist" class="mw-redirect" title="Trotskyist">Trotskyist</a> legislator <a href="/wiki/Leung_Kwok-hung" title="Leung Kwok-hung">Leung Kwok-hung</a> and radical radio host <a href="/wiki/Wong_Yuk-man" title="Wong Yuk-man">Wong Yuk-man</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of the diversification of the pro-democracy elements, the use of "pan-democrats" gained in popularity, as it is typically meant to be non-denominational and all-inclusive. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2007_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2007 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">2007 Chief Executive election</a>, Civic Party's <a href="/wiki/Alan_Leong" title="Alan Leong">Alan Leong</a> successfully gained enough nominations to challenge the incumbent Chief Executive <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tsang" title="Donald Tsang">Donald Tsang</a>, but he was not elected as expected due to the control of the <a href="/wiki/Election_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Election Committee">Election Committee</a> by the pro-Beijing camp. After the <a href="/wiki/2008_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2008 Hong Kong legislative election">2008 Legislative Council election</a>, The Frontier merged into the Democratic Party and the convenor <a href="/wiki/Emily_Lau" title="Emily Lau">Emily Lau</a> was elected vice chair of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-merge_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merge-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012_reform_package_and_the_Split">2012 reform package and the Split</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2012 reform package and the Split"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Donald_Tsang" title="Donald Tsang">Donald Tsang</a>, the Chief Executive, promised to resolve the question of universal suffrage in his office during the election. He carried out the <a href="/wiki/2012_constitutional_package" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 constitutional package">2012 constitutional package</a> in 2009 which was criticised by the pro-democracy as lack of genuine progress. The League of Social Democrats called for a <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a>, by way of the <a href="/wiki/2010_Hong_Kong_by-election" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Hong Kong by-election">2010 by-elections</a> in five geographical constituencies.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Civic_Party" title="Civic Party">Civic Party</a>, the second largest pro-democratic party joined, however the Democratic Party, the largest party, was reluctant to participate. The Democratic Party and other moderate democrats and pro-democracy scholars launched the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Universal_Suffrage" title="Alliance for Universal Suffrage">Alliance for Universal Suffrage</a> and started to engage with the mainland officials. The Democratic Party brought out a revised proposal of the package to Beijing and the revised proposal was passed in the Legislative Council in the support of the government and Pro-Beijing camp.<sup id="cite_ref-cheers_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cheers-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, it triggered a major split within the camp and also in the Democratic Party. The Young Turks including the LegCo member <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cheng" title="Andrew Cheng">Andrew Cheng</a> quit the party and formed the <a href="/wiki/Neo_Democrats" title="Neo Democrats">Neo Democrats</a>. The Democratic Party was accused by the LSD and the radicals of betraying democracy and its supporters. On the matter of whether to coordinate with the moderate democrats in the <a href="/wiki/2011_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2011 Hong Kong local elections">2011 District Council elections</a>, the League of Social Democrats was suffered in the factional fighting and the two of the three LSD legislators left the party in disarray and formed the <a href="/wiki/People_Power_(Hong_Kong)" title="People Power (Hong Kong)">People Power</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The People Power's campaign targeted pan-democracy parties in the 2011 District Council elections that had supported the reform package filled candidates to run against them but only won one seat of 62 contested. </p><p>Nevertheless, the People Power managed to win three seats in the <a href="/wiki/2012_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2012 Hong Kong legislative election">2012 Legislative Council election</a> and the radical democrats of the (People Power and the League of Social Democrats) topped 264,000 votes, compared to the Civic Party's 255,000 and Democratic Party's 247,000 respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the pan-democrats securing three of the five newly created, <a href="/wiki/District_Council_(second)" class="mw-redirect" title="District Council (second)">District Council (second)</a> constituency seats the ratio of the vote share between the pan-democrats and the <a href="/wiki/Pro-Beijing_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-Beijing camp">pro-Beijing camp</a> narrowed significantly from the traditional 60% to 40%, to 55% to 45%. </p><p>The chairman of the Democratic Party <a href="/wiki/Albert_Ho" title="Albert Ho">Albert Ho</a> represented the pan-democracy camp to run in the <a href="/wiki/2012_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2012 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">2012 Chief Executive election</a>. On election day the pan-democrats declined to vote for neither <a href="/wiki/Henry_Tang" title="Henry Tang">Henry Tang</a> nor <a href="/wiki/Leung_Chun-ying" title="Leung Chun-ying">Leung Chun-ying</a> and called for a <a href="/wiki/Spoilt_vote" title="Spoilt vote">blank vote</a> from the electors.<sup id="cite_ref-blank20120322hks_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blank20120322hks-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2014_Umbrella_Revolution">2014 Umbrella Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2014 Umbrella Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Localism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Localism in Hong Kong">Localism in Hong Kong</a></div> <p>In March 2013, all 27 democratic legislators formed the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_True_Democracy" title="Alliance for True Democracy">Alliance for True Democracy</a> (ATD), replacing the Alliance for Universal Suffrage, to show solidarity of the camp to fight for genuine democracy. The ATD put forward a three-channel proposal for the <a href="/wiki/2017_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2017 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">2017 Chief Executive election</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2014_Hong_Kong_electoral_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Hong Kong electoral reform">constitutional reform consultation</a> in 2014. However, the decision of the <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress_Standing_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="National People's Congress Standing Committee">National People's Congress Standing Committee</a> (NPCSC) on 31 August ruled out the possibility for any candidate not endorsed by Beijing to be nominated for the election, which the pan-democrats accused as a betrayal of the principle of "one person, one vote," The pan-democrats had supported legal scholar <a href="/wiki/Benny_Tai" title="Benny Tai">Benny Tai</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Occupy_Central_with_Love_and_Peace" title="Occupy Central with Love and Peace">Occupy Central</a> plan of civil disobedience against Beijing's decision, which later turned into a <a href="/wiki/2014_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2014 Hong Kong protests">79-day occupy protest</a> which often dubbed as "Umbrella Revolution".<sup id="cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 18 June 2015, all 27 pan-democrat legislators and <a href="/wiki/Medical_(constituency)" title="Medical (constituency)">Medical</a> legislator <a href="/wiki/Leung_Ka-lau" title="Leung Ka-lau">Leung Ka-lau</a> voted against the government's constitutional reform bill while the pro-Beijing legislators launched a failed walk-out. The bill was defeated by 28 against 8 for, barely meeting the quorum of 35.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many new political groups emerged from the Umbrella Revolution often distanced themselves from the pan-democrats. Many of whom, being labelled as "<a href="/wiki/Localism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Localism in Hong Kong">localists</a>", criticised pan-democrats' failing in achieving democracy in the last 30 years. Many of them called for more "militant" tactics over pan-democrats' "non-violent" principles and "China–Hong Kong separation" over the some mainstream pan-democrats' mild "Chinese nationalist sentiment".<sup id="cite_ref-Lau_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lau-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of them also criticised pan-democrats' demand of the vindication of the 1989 Tiananmen protests, as pursued by the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Alliance_in_Support_of_Patriotic_Democratic_Movements_of_China" title="Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China">Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China</a> (HKASPDMC). There was also growing voice for <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_independence" title="Hong Kong independence">Hong Kong independence</a> from the Chinese rule, as many of whom deemed the "One Country, Two Systems" had failed.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Continued_division_and_anti-extradition_protests">Continued division and anti-extradition protests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Continued division and anti-extradition protests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2016_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2016 Hong Kong legislative election">2016 Legislative Council election</a>, <a href="/wiki/Localist_camp" title="Localist camp">localist camp</a> with different banners together took away 19 per cent of the vote share from the pan-democrats, in which the traditional pan-democrats secured only 36 per cent, 21 less than the previous election. The non-establishment forces secured 30 out of the 70 seats, in which pan-democrats took 23 seats. After the election, the 27-member pro-democrats' caucus rebranded themselves into "pro-democracy camp" or "G27", as three backers of the "self-determination" of Hong Kong, namely <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Law" title="Nathan Law">Nathan Law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lau_Siu-lai" title="Lau Siu-lai">Lau Siu-lai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Chu" title="Eddie Chu">Eddie Chu</a> joined the caucus.<sup id="cite_ref-G27_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G27-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "G27" soon became "G26" after Chu left the caucus shortly afterwards. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2016_Hong_Kong_Election_Committee_Subsector_elections" title="2016 Hong Kong Election Committee Subsector elections">2016 Election Committee subsector election</a>, the pro-democrat coalition "Democrats 300+" scored a record victory in the <a href="/wiki/Election_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Election Committee">Election Committee</a> which was responsible for electing the <a href="/wiki/2017_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2017 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">2017 Chief Executive</a>. The democrats decided not to field their candidate in order to boost the chance of an alternative establishment candidate against incumbent <a href="/wiki/Leung_Chun-ying" title="Leung Chun-ying">Leung Chun-ying</a>. After Leung announced he would not seek for re-election, the pro-democrats turned against <a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_for_Administration" title="Chief Secretary for Administration">Chief Secretary for Administration</a> <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Lam" title="Carrie Lam">Carrie Lam</a> who was seen as "C.Y. 2.0". The pro-democrats nominated former <a href="/wiki/Financial_Secretary_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial Secretary of Hong Kong">Financial Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Tsang" title="John Tsang">John Tsang</a> and retired judge <a href="/wiki/Woo_Kwok-hing" title="Woo Kwok-hing">Woo Kwok-hing</a> amid the <a href="/wiki/Liaison_Office_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaison Office (Hong Kong)">Liaison Office</a> actively lobbied for Lam. Ahead of the election, some 98 per cent of the "Democrats 300+" coalition decided on voting for Tsang as he was the most popular candidate in the polls.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14 July 2017, <a href="/wiki/Leung_Kwok-hung" title="Leung Kwok-hung">Leung Kwok-hung</a> of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Social_Democrats" title="League of Social Democrats">League of Social Democrats</a>, Nathan Law of the <a href="/wiki/Demosisto" title="Demosisto">Demosisto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yiu_Chung-yim" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiu Chung-yim">Yiu Chung-yim</a> and Lau Siu-lai were unseated from the Legislative Council over <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Legislative_Council_oath-taking_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Legislative Council oath-taking controversy">their manners at the oath-taking ceremony</a> at the inaugural meeting as a result of the legal action from the Leung Chun-ying government and the interpretation of the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law" title="Hong Kong Basic Law">Hong Kong Basic Law</a> by the <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress_Standing_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="National People's Congress Standing Committee">National People's Congress Standing Committee</a> (NPCSC), following the disqualification of two pro-independence legislators, <a href="/wiki/Youngspiration" title="Youngspiration">Youngspiration</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Baggio_Leung" title="Baggio Leung">Baggio Leung</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yau_Wai-ching" title="Yau Wai-ching">Yau Wai-ching</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pro-democrats suffered a defeat in the <a href="/wiki/2018_Hong_Kong_by-election" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Hong Kong by-election">by-election</a> for four of the six vacancies on 11 March 2018, losing the <a href="/wiki/Kowloon_West_(1998_constituency)" title="Kowloon West (1998 constituency)">Kowloon West</a> geographical constituency and <a href="/wiki/Architectural,_Surveying,_Planning_and_Landscape_(constituency)" title="Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape (constituency)">Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape</a> functional constituency to the pro-Beijing candidates. Yiu Ching-yim who contested in Kowloon West was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Cheng_(DAB_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vincent Cheng (DAB politician)">Vincent Cheng</a> of the DAB with a thin margin, making it the first time a pro-democrat lost in a <a href="/wiki/Single-member_district" title="Single-member district">single-member district</a> election since the handover. The vote share of the pro-democrats also dropped from the traditional 55 per cent to only 47 per cent.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pro-democrats fiercely opposed the <a href="/wiki/2019_Hong_Kong_extradition_bill" title="2019 Hong Kong extradition bill">amendment to the extradition law</a> in 2019 which they feared the erosion of Hong Kong's legal system and its built-in safeguards.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fc_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fc-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The opposition led to the <a href="/wiki/2019_Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Hong Kong protests">historic massive protests</a> throughout the latter half of the year. Riding on the anti-government sentiments, the pro-democracy camp achieved its biggest landslide victory in the history of Hong Kong in the <a href="/wiki/2019_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2019 Hong Kong local elections">2019 District Council election</a>, gaining control of 17 of the 18 District Councils and tripling their seats from around 124 to about 388. The pro-democrats were also able to capture 117 District Council subsector seats in the 1,200-member Election Committee, which is responsible for electing the Chief Executive of Hong Kong. Pro-Beijing parties and independents won from around 300 to only 62 seats, losing nearly 80 per cent of the seats.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto3_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_resignation_en_masse">2020 resignation en masse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2020 resignation en masse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_Legislative_Council_mass_resignations" title="2020 Hong Kong Legislative Council mass resignations">2020 Hong Kong Legislative Council mass resignations</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_national_security_law" title="2020 Hong Kong national security law">Hong Kong national security law</a> promulgated by the NPCSC in June 2020 gave sweeping power to the Hong Kong government to suppress the opposition whoever was perceived as the "threat of the national security". In the <a href="/wiki/Postponement_of_the_2020_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="Postponement of the 2020 Hong Kong legislative election">subsequently postponed Legislative Council election</a> in September 2020, 12 pro-democracy and localist candidates were disqualified by the returning officers for breaching the national security law, including three Civic Party incumbent legislators <a href="/wiki/Alvin_Yeung" title="Alvin Yeung">Alvin Yeung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kwok_Ka-ki" title="Kwok Ka-ki">Kwok Ka-ki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Kwok" title="Dennis Kwok">Dennis Kwok</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Leung" title="Kenneth Leung">Kenneth Leung</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pro-democracy camp was divided whether to stay in the extended legislative term or to quit as they deemed the disqualifications as unlawful. In the end, 19 of the 22 pro-democrats remained in the Legislative Council.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2020, the NPCSC applied the national security law to disqualify the four sitting legislators whose candidacies were previously invalidated. In response, the pro-democrat convenor and Democratic Party chairman <a href="/wiki/Wu_Chi-wai" title="Wu Chi-wai">Wu Chi-wai</a> announced the remaining 15 pro-democracy legislators were to <a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_Legislative_Council_mass_resignations" title="2020 Hong Kong Legislative Council mass resignations">resign en masse in protest to the decision</a>, declaring the death of the "One Country, Two Systems" and separation of power in Hong Kong. The mass resignations left virtually no opposition in the Legislative Council.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_resign_en_masse_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_resign_en_masse-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-yp_scmp_en_masse_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yp_scmp_en_masse-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-yp_scmp_desqualified_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yp_scmp_desqualified-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imprisonment_of_democrats">Imprisonment of democrats</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Imprisonment of democrats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 18 November 2024, Hong Kong’s High Court sentenced 45 pro-democracy activists to imprisonment of up to 10 years following a landmark national security trial imposed by Beijing. The activists had been charged with conspiracy to subvert the government for organizing an unofficial "primary election" in 2020, which authorities claimed was part of a plot to destabilize the government. <a href="/wiki/Benny_Tai" title="Benny Tai">Benny Tai</a> received the longest sentence of 10 years. After a 118-day trial, 14 activists were found guilty, and 31 pleaded guilty, with sentences ranging from 4 to 10 years. The convictions were widely condemned, especially by Western governments, including the U.S., which described the trial as “politically motivated”. <a href="/wiki/Penny_Wong" title="Penny Wong">Penny Wong</a> also expressed deep concern over the sentences, urging China to “end the suppression of freedom of expression, assembly, media, and civil society” in Hong Kong. Some activists, including <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Ng" title="Gordon Ng">Gordon Ng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chow" title="Owen Chow">Owen Chow</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Wong" title="Joshua Wong">Joshua Wong</a>, were among those sentenced, while a few defendants are expected to have their time served before trial deducted from their sentences.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Convenor">Convenor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Convenor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A caucus-like mechanism, without whips, was established on 8 October 2004 and was then known as "Lunchbox Conference", as legislators discussed local and political issues during luncheon on every Fridays. The convenor was the nominal leader of the camp but did not contain any real powers.<sup id="cite_ref-fc_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fc-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was renamed as "Pro-Democracy Camp Meetings" after <a href="/wiki/2016_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2016 Hong Kong legislative election">2016 election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conference ceased to function after <a href="/wiki/2020_Hong_Kong_Legislative_Council_mass_resignations" title="2020 Hong Kong Legislative Council mass resignations">en masse resignations in 2020</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Convenor of Pro-Democracy Camp Meetings </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Convenor </th> <th>Constituency </th> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>LegCo </th> <th>Ref </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyd_Ho_at_January_2013_protest_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cyd_Ho_at_January_2013_protest_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Cyd_Ho_at_January_2013_protest_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cyd_Ho_at_January_2013_protest_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Cyd_Ho_at_January_2013_protest_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cyd_Ho_at_January_2013_protest_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Cyd_Ho_at_January_2013_protest_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="872" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Cyd_Ho" title="Cyd Ho">Cyd Ho</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Island_(1998_constituency)" title="Hong Kong Island (1998 constituency)">Hong Kong Island</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span data-sort-value="000000002004-10-08-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">8 October 2004</span> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span data-sort-value="000000002012-10-05-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">5 October 2012</span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color: #000000"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Civic_Act-up" title="Civic Act-up">Civic Act-up</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/3rd_Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="3rd Legislative Council of Hong Kong">3rd</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/4th_Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="4th Legislative Council of Hong Kong">4th</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #F7941E"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Labour Party (Hong Kong)">Labour</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emily_Lau_Wai_Hing_2010_Enlarged.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emily_Lau_Wai_Hing_2010_Enlarged.jpg/75px-Emily_Lau_Wai_Hing_2010_Enlarged.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emily_Lau_Wai_Hing_2010_Enlarged.jpg/113px-Emily_Lau_Wai_Hing_2010_Enlarged.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emily_Lau_Wai_Hing_2010_Enlarged.jpg/150px-Emily_Lau_Wai_Hing_2010_Enlarged.jpg 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="973" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Emily_Lau" title="Emily Lau">Emily Lau</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Territories_East_(1998_constituency)" title="New Territories East (1998 constituency)">New Territories East</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002012-10-05-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">5 October 2012</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002013-09-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">September 2013</span> </td> <td style="background-color: #5FB04A"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Democratic Party (Hong Kong)">Democratic</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/5th_Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="5th Legislative Council of Hong Kong">5th</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Democrats-fail-to-regain-veto-power-4_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Democrats-fail-to-regain-veto-power-4_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Democrats-fail-to-regain-veto-power-4_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Democrats-fail-to-regain-veto-power-4_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Democrats-fail-to-regain-veto-power-4_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Democrats-fail-to-regain-veto-power-4_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Democrats-fail-to-regain-veto-power-4_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="768" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Fung" title="Frederick Fung">Frederick Fung</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/District_Council_(Second)" title="District Council (Second)">District Council (Second)</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002013-09-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">September 2013</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002014-09-15-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">15 September 2014</span> </td> <td style="background-color: #faf400"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ADPL" class="mw-redirect" title="ADPL">ADPL</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alan_Leong_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Alan_Leong_2013.jpg/75px-Alan_Leong_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Alan_Leong_2013.jpg/113px-Alan_Leong_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Alan_Leong_2013.jpg/150px-Alan_Leong_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="768" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Alan_Leong" title="Alan Leong">Alan Leong</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kowloon_East_(1998_constituency)" title="Kowloon East (1998 constituency)">Kowloon East</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002014-09-16-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">16 September 2014</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002015-09-09-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">9 September 2015</span> </td> <td style="background-color: #7F3F98"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Civic_Party" title="Civic Party">Civic</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyd_Ho_at_January_2013_protest_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cyd_Ho_at_January_2013_protest_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Cyd_Ho_at_January_2013_protest_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cyd_Ho_at_January_2013_protest_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Cyd_Ho_at_January_2013_protest_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cyd_Ho_at_January_2013_protest_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Cyd_Ho_at_January_2013_protest_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="872" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Cyd_Ho" title="Cyd Ho">Cyd Ho</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Island_(1998_constituency)" title="Hong Kong Island (1998 constituency)">Hong Kong Island</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002015-09-10-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">10 September 2015</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002016-09-28-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">28 September 2016</span> </td> <td style="background-color: #F7941E"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Labour Party (Hong Kong)">Labour</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:James_To_Kun-sun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/James_To_Kun-sun.jpg/75px-James_To_Kun-sun.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/James_To_Kun-sun.jpg/113px-James_To_Kun-sun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/James_To_Kun-sun.jpg/150px-James_To_Kun-sun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1104" data-file-height="1472" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/James_To" title="James To">James To</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/District_Council_(Second)" title="District Council (Second)">District Council (Second)</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002016-09-28-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">28 September 2016</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002017-08-25-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">25 August 2017</span> </td> <td style="background-color: #5FB04A"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Democratic Party (Hong Kong)">Democratic</a> </td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/6th_Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="6th Legislative Council of Hong Kong">6th</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E7%95%8C%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E8%8E%AB%E4%B9%83%E5%85%89.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E7%95%8C%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E8%8E%AB%E4%B9%83%E5%85%89.jpg/75px-%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E7%95%8C%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E8%8E%AB%E4%B9%83%E5%85%89.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E7%95%8C%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E8%8E%AB%E4%B9%83%E5%85%89.jpg/113px-%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E7%95%8C%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E8%8E%AB%E4%B9%83%E5%85%89.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E7%95%8C%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E8%8E%AB%E4%B9%83%E5%85%89.jpg/150px-%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E7%95%8C%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E8%8E%AB%E4%B9%83%E5%85%89.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1501" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_Mok" title="Charles Mok">Charles Mok</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Information_Technology_(constituency)" title="Information Technology (constituency)">Information Technology</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002017-08-25-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">25 August 2017</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002018-07-09-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">9 July 2018</span> </td> <td style="background-color: #04569C"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Professional_Commons" title="Professional Commons">Prof Commons</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Claudia_Mo_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Claudia_Mo_2013.jpg/75px-Claudia_Mo_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Claudia_Mo_2013.jpg/113px-Claudia_Mo_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Claudia_Mo_2013.jpg/150px-Claudia_Mo_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="528" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Mo" title="Claudia Mo">Claudia Mo</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kowloon_West_(1998_constituency)" title="Kowloon West (1998 constituency)">Kowloon West</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002018-07-09-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">9 July 2018</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002019-09-28-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">28 September 2019</span> </td> <td style="background-color: #B67E32"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/HK_First" title="HK First">HK First</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tanya_Chan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tanya_Chan.jpg/75px-Tanya_Chan.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tanya_Chan.jpg/113px-Tanya_Chan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tanya_Chan.jpg/150px-Tanya_Chan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Tanya_Chan" title="Tanya Chan">Tanya Chan</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Island_(1998_constituency)" title="Hong Kong Island (1998 constituency)">Hong Kong Island</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002019-09-28-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">28 September 2019</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002020-09-29-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">29 September 2020</span> </td> <td style="background-color: #7F3F98"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Civic_Party" title="Civic Party">Civic</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tsang_announcement_to_run_for_hk_ceo_8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Tsang_announcement_to_run_for_hk_ceo_8.jpg/75px-Tsang_announcement_to_run_for_hk_ceo_8.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Tsang_announcement_to_run_for_hk_ceo_8.jpg/113px-Tsang_announcement_to_run_for_hk_ceo_8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Tsang_announcement_to_run_for_hk_ceo_8.jpg/150px-Tsang_announcement_to_run_for_hk_ceo_8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1443" data-file-height="1924" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chi-wai" title="Wu Chi-wai">Wu Chi-wai</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kowloon_East_(1998_constituency)" title="Kowloon East (1998 constituency)">Kowloon East</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002020-09-29-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">29 September 2020</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002020-11-30-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">30 November 2020</span> </td> <td style="background-color: #5FB04A"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Democratic Party (Hong Kong)">Democratic</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_parties">Political parties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Political parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This list includes the major political parties and groups in Hong Kong: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Democratic Party (Hong Kong)">Democratic Party</a>, the flagship pro-democracy party that succeeded the <a href="/wiki/United_Democrats_of_Hong_Kong" title="United Democrats of Hong Kong">United Democrats of Hong Kong</a>, which won a landslide victory in the <a href="/wiki/1991_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="1991 Hong Kong legislative election">1991 first-ever direct elections</a> of the Legislative Council. It was founded in 1990 as a grand alliance of the pro-democracy activists from all sectors and was further merged with the <a href="/wiki/Meeting_Point" title="Meeting Point">Meeting Point</a> in 1994. It positions itself as <a href="/wiki/Centrist" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrist">centrist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Commons" title="Professional Commons">Professional Commons</a>, a professional-based group which consists of pro-democracy legislators elected through the professional <a href="/wiki/Functional_constituency_(Hong_Kong)" title="Functional constituency (Hong Kong)">functional constituencies</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Labour Party (Hong Kong)">Labour Party</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Social_democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Social democratic">social democratic</a> party founded by veteran politician <a href="/wiki/Lee_Cheuk-yan" title="Lee Cheuk-yan">Lee Cheuk-yan</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Confederation_of_Trade_Unions" title="Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions">Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions</a> (CTU) in 2012.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighbourhood_and_Worker%27s_Service_Centre" title="Neighbourhood and Worker's Service Centre">Neighbourhood and Worker's Service Centre</a>, a small pro-grassroots group and party formed in 1985 and based in <a href="/wiki/Kwai_Chung" title="Kwai Chung">Kwai</a> Chung. <a href="/wiki/Leung_Yiu-chung" title="Leung Yiu-chung">Leung Yiu-chung</a> has been its sole legislator since 1995.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_(Hong_Kong)" title="People Power (Hong Kong)">People Power</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Localism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Localism in Hong Kong">localist</a> <a href="/wiki/Radical_democracy" title="Radical democracy">radical democratic</a> group backed by businessman <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Shiu" title="Stephen Shiu">Stephen Shiu</a>. It was first formed in 2011 as a breakaway group from the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Social_Democrats" title="League of Social Democrats">League of Social Democrats</a>, citing disagreements with the party stance on the Democratic Party's compromise with the Beijing government on the <a href="/wiki/2010_Hong_Kong_electoral_reform" title="2010 Hong Kong electoral reform">2010 Hong Kong electoral reform</a>. It suffered a split in 2013 when <a href="/wiki/Civic_Passion" title="Civic Passion">Civic Passion</a> was formed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HK_First" title="HK First">HK First</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Localism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Localism in Hong Kong">localist</a> party that was initially established in 2013 as a parliamentary group in the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">LegCo</a>. The party is led by <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Mo" title="Claudia Mo">Claudia Mo</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Association_for_Democracy_and_People%27s_Livelihood" title="Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood">Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood</a>, a political party catering to <a href="/wiki/Grassroots" title="Grassroots">grassroots</a> interest with a strong basis in <a href="/wiki/Sham_Shui_Po" title="Sham Shui Po">Sham Shui Po</a>. Established on 26 October 1986, it was one of the three major pro-democracy groups along with the <a href="/wiki/Meeting_Point" title="Meeting Point">Meeting Point</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Affairs_Society" title="Hong Kong Affairs Society">Hong Kong Affairs Society</a> in the 1980s.</li></ul> <p><b><big>Former Parties</big></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Party" title="Civic Party">Civic Party</a> was a professional-based pro-democracy party formed in 2006. The founders are mostly barristers who rose to fame in the anti-<a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Basic_Law_Article_23" title="Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23">Article 23</a> legislation. It had scored fairly well in recent elections and overtook the Democratic Party in popular votes in the <a href="/wiki/Geographical_constituencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographical constituencies">geographical constituencies</a> of the <a href="/wiki/2016_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2016 Hong Kong legislative election">2016 Legislative Council election</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Confederation_of_Trade_Unions" title="Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions">Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Pro-democracy_camp_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-democracy camp in Hong Kong">pro-democracy</a> labour and political group in the Hong Kong. It was established on 29 July 1990. It had 160,000 members in 61 affiliates and representation in the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Legislative Council of Hong Kong</a> (LegCo). It was one of the two most influential labour groups in Hong Kong, with the other one being the pro-Beijing <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" title="Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions">Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_Democrats" title="Neo Democrats">Neo Democrats</a> was a breakaway group from the Democratic Party formed in 2010 which carries a moderate <a href="/wiki/Localism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Localism in Hong Kong">localist</a> agenda. Its stronghold was in the <a href="/wiki/New_Territories_East_(constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Territories East (constituency)">New Territories East</a> where it returned its sole legislator <a href="/wiki/Gary_Fan" title="Gary Fan">Gary Fan</a> who won in the <a href="/wiki/2018_Hong_Kong_by-election" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Hong Kong by-election">2018 by-election</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Passion" title="Civic Passion">Civic Passion</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Radical_politics" title="Radical politics">radical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">populist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">localist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">nativist</a> party in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>. Founded by <a href="/wiki/Wong_Yeung-tat" title="Wong Yeung-tat">Wong Yeung-tat</a> as an activist group in 2012, it held strong <a href="/wiki/Localism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Localism in Hong Kong">localist</a> views and opposed the involvement of the Chinese government in the governance of Hong Kong.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(Hong_Kong)" title="Democratic Alliance (Hong Kong)">Democratic Alliance</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Pro-ROC_camp_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-ROC camp (Hong Kong)">pro-Republic of China</a> party chaired by <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mak" title="Johnny Mak">Johnny Mak</a>. It was the only member of the <a href="/wiki/Pro-ROC_camp" title="Pro-ROC camp">pro-ROC camp</a> with elected representatives left since the <a href="/wiki/Handover_of_Hong_Kong" title="Handover of Hong Kong">handover</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demosisto" title="Demosisto">Demosisto</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Pro-democracy_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-democracy camp">pro-democracy</a> party established on 10 April 2016. It was led by <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Wong_Chi-fung" class="mw-redirect" title="Joshua Wong Chi-fung">Joshua Wong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Chow" title="Agnes Chow">Agnes Chow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Law" title="Nathan Law">Nathan Law</a>. The group played an instrumental role in the 79-day <a href="/wiki/Occupy_protest" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupy protest">occupy protests</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/2014_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2014 Hong Kong protests">Umbrella Revolution</a> in 2014.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Civil_groups">Civil groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Civil groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_True_Democracy" title="Alliance for True Democracy">Alliance for True Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_Fifth_Action" title="April Fifth Action">April Fifth Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Human_Rights_Front" title="Civil Human Rights Front">Civil Human Rights Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Groundwork" class="mw-redirect" title="Democracy Groundwork">Democracy Groundwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Alliance_in_Support_of_Patriotic_Democratic_Movements_of_China" title="Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China">Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Confederation_of_Trade_Unions" title="Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions">Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Federation_of_Students" title="Hong Kong Federation of Students">Hong Kong Federation of Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Professional_Teachers%27_Union" title="Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union">Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Action_(Hong_Kong)" title="Socialist Action (Hong Kong)">Socialist Action (Hong Kong)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_performance">Electoral performance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Electoral performance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chief_Executive_elections">Chief Executive elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Chief Executive elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th>Election </th> <th>Candidate </th> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1996_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="1996 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">1996</a> </th> <td colspan="5" align="center"><i><span class="nowrap">Did not contest</span></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2002_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2002 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">2002</a> </th> <td colspan="5" align="center"><i><span class="nowrap">Did not contest</span></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2005_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2005 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">2005</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Lee_Wing-tat" title="Lee Wing-tat">Lee Wing-tat</a></td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #5FB04A;" data-sort-value="Democratic Party (Hong Kong)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Democratic Party (Hong Kong)">Democratic</a> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><i><span class="nowrap">Not nominated</span></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2007_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2007 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">2007</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Leong" title="Alan Leong">Alan Leong</a></td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #7F3F98;" data-sort-value="Civic Party"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Civic_Party" title="Civic Party">Civic</a> </td> <td>123 </td> <td>15.93 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2012_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2012 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">2012</a> </th> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Ho" title="Albert Ho">Albert Ho</a></td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #5FB04A;" data-sort-value="Democratic Party (Hong Kong)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Democratic Party (Hong Kong)">Democratic</a> </td> <td>76 </td> <td>7.24 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2017_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2017 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">2017</a> </th> <td align="left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leung_Kwok-hung" title="Leung Kwok-hung">Leung Kwok-hung</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #e0050d;" data-sort-value="League of Social Democrats"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/League_of_Social_Democrats" title="League of Social Democrats">LSD</a> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><i>Not nominated</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2022_Hong_Kong_Chief_Executive_election" title="2022 Hong Kong Chief Executive election">2022</a> </th> <td colspan="5" align="center"><i><span class="nowrap">Did not contest</span></i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_Council_elections">Legislative Council elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Legislative Council elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th><b>Election</b> </th> <th>Number of<br />popular votes </th> <th>% of<br />popular votes </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Geographical_constituency" title="Geographical constituency">GC</a><br />seats </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Functional_constituency_(Hong_Kong)" title="Functional constituency (Hong Kong)">FC</a><br />seats </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Election_Committee_(constituency)" title="Election Committee (constituency)">EC</a><br />seats </th> <th>Total seats </th> <th>+/− </th> <th>Status </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1991_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="1991 Hong Kong legislative election">1991</a> </th> <td>843,888<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>61.63<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>16 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>− </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">20 / 60</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 33%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>13<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1995_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="1995 Hong Kong legislative election">1995</a> </th> <td>557,515<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>61.13<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>16 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>3 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">29 / 60</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 48%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>11<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1998_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="1998 Hong Kong legislative election">1998</a> </th> <td>982,249<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>66.36<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>15 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">20 / 60</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 33%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Minority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2000_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2000 Hong Kong legislative election">2000</a> </th> <td>799,249<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>60.56<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>16 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">21 / 60</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 35%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>1<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Minority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2004_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2004 Hong Kong legislative election">2004</a> </th> <td>1,105,388<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>62.44<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>18 </td> <td>7 </td> <td rowspan="4"> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">25 / 60</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 42%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>3<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Minority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2008_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2008 Hong Kong legislative election">2008</a> </th> <td>901,707<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>59.50<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>19 </td> <td>4 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">23 / 60</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 38%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>3<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Minority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2012_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2012 Hong Kong legislative election">2012</a> </th> <td>1,036,998<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>57.26<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>18 </td> <td>9 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">27 / 70</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 39%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>4<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Minority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2016_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2016 Hong Kong legislative election">2016</a> </th> <td>781,168<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>36.02<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>13 </td> <td>10 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">23 / 70</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 33%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>3<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Minority </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2021_Hong_Kong_legislative_election" title="2021 Hong Kong legislative election">2021</a> </th> <td align="center" colspan="2"><i>Did not contest</i> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 90</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>0<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Extra-parliamentary </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipal_elections">Municipal elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Municipal elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th>Election </th> <th>Number of<br />popular votes </th> <th>% of<br />popular votes </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Urban_Council_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban Council of Hong Kong">UrbCo</a><br />seats </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Regional_Council_of_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional Council of Hong Kong">RegCo</a><br />seats </th> <th>Total<br />elected seats </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1989_Hong_Kong_municipal_elections" title="1989 Hong Kong municipal elections">1989</a> </th> <td>68,831<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>32.38<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 33%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 12</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 42%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 27</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 37%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1991_Hong_Kong_municipal_elections" title="1991 Hong Kong municipal elections">1991</a> </th> <td>200,877<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>51.28<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">7 / 12</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 58%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">14 / 27</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 52%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1995_Hong_Kong_municipal_elections" title="1995 Hong Kong municipal elections">1995</a> </th> <td>287,226<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>51.51<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">18 / 32</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 56%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">16 / 27</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 59%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">34 / 59</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 58%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="District_Council_elections">District Council elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: District Council elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th>Election </th> <th>Number of<br />popular votes </th> <th>% of<br />popular votes </th> <th>Total<br />elected seats </th> <th>+/− </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1988_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="1988 Hong Kong local elections">1988</a> </th> <td>139,982<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>22.16<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">61 / 264</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 23%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>24<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1991_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="1991 Hong Kong local elections">1991</a> </th> <td>170,757<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>32.11<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">83 / 272</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 31%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>22<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1994_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="1994 Hong Kong local elections">1994</a> </th> <td>280,707<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>40.89<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">146 / 346</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 42%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>48<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1999_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="1999 Hong Kong local elections">1999</a> </th> <td>325,829<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>40.18<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">157 / 390</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>22<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2003_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2003 Hong Kong local elections">2003</a> </th> <td>477,596<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>45.54<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">198 / 400</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 50%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>38<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2007_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2007 Hong Kong local elections">2007</a> </th> <td>445,781<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>39.15<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">127 / 405</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 31%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>56<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2011_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2011 Hong Kong local elections">2011</a> </th> <td>464,512<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>39.34<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">103 / 412</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 25%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>16<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2015_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2015 Hong Kong local elections">2015</a> </th> <td>581,058<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>40.20<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">126 / 431</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 29%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>25<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2019 Hong Kong local elections">2019</a> </th> <td>1,674,083<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td>57.10<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">388 / 452</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 86%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>265<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2023_Hong_Kong_local_elections" title="2023 Hong Kong local elections">2023</a> </th> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 470</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: gold; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>388<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Lai" title="Jimmy Lai">Jimmy Lai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Liberalism in Hong Kong">Liberalism in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Localism in Hong Kong">Localism in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Socialism in Hong Kong">Socialism in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-democracy_camp_(Macau)" title="Pro-democracy camp (Macau)">Pro-democracy camp (Macau)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-democracy_movement_(Myanmar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-democracy movement (Myanmar)">Pro-democracy movement (Myanmar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-ROC_camp" title="Pro-ROC camp">Pro-ROC camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrist_camp" title="Centrist camp">Centrist camp</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not endorsed by mainstream pro-democrats.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Each voter was given two votes in the 1991 election.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro-democracy_camp_(Hong_Kong)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-G27-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-G27_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G27_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.mingpao.com/pns/dailynews/web_tc/article/20161008/s00002/1475864414187">"非建制「G27」共商大計溝通平台擬正名「民主派會議」"</a>. <i>Ming Pao</i>. 7 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161008173811/http://news.mingpao.com/pns/dailynews/web_tc/article/20161008/s00002/1475864414187">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ming+Pao&rft.atitle=%E9%9D%9E%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6%E3%80%8CG27%E3%80%8D%E5%85%B1%E5%95%86%E5%A4%A7%E8%A8%88+%E6%BA%9D%E9%80%9A%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0%E6%93%AC%E6%AD%A3%E5%90%8D%E3%80%8C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%B4%BE%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E3%80%8D&rft.date=2016-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.mingpao.com%2Fpns%2Fdailynews%2Fweb_tc%2Farticle%2F20161008%2Fs00002%2F1475864414187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-democracy+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc_resign_en_masse-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_resign_en_masse_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_resign_en_masse_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-54899171">"Hong Kong pro-democracy lawmakers resign after China ruling"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. 11 November 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210623135257/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-54899171">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%9A%94%E7%89%86%E6%9C%89%E8%80%B3%EF%BC%9A%E9%98%BF%E5%9F%BA%E5%81%9A%E5%8F%AC%E9%9B%86%E4%BA%BA+%E5%B0%91%E5%81%9AGym&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhk.apple.nextmedia.com%2Fnews%2Fart%2F20140916%2F18867778&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-democracy+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160330233305/http://toronto.singtao.ca/310955/2015-09-09/post-%E4%BD%95%E7%A7%80%E8%98%AD%E6%8E%A5%E6%8D%A7%E5%81%9A%E6%B3%9B%E6%B0%91%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E5%8F%AC%E9%9B%86%E4%BA%BA/?variant=zh-hk">"何秀蘭接捧做泛民會議召集人"</a> (in Chinese). 星島日報. 9 September 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://toronto.singtao.ca/310955/2015-09-09/post-%E4%BD%95%E7%A7%80%E8%98%AD%E6%8E%A5%E6%8D%A7%E5%81%9A%E6%B3%9B%E6%B0%91%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E5%8F%AC%E9%9B%86%E4%BA%BA/?variant=zh-hk">the original</a> on 30 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E4%BD%95%E7%A7%80%E8%98%AD%E6%8E%A5%E6%8D%A7%E5%81%9A%E6%B3%9B%E6%B0%91%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E5%8F%AC%E9%9B%86%E4%BA%BA&rft.date=2015-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftoronto.singtao.ca%2F310955%2F2015-09-09%2Fpost-%25E4%25BD%2595%25E7%25A7%2580%25E8%2598%25AD%25E6%258E%25A5%25E6%258D%25A7%25E5%2581%259A%25E6%25B3%259B%25E6%25B0%2591%25E6%259C%2583%25E8%25AD%25B0%25E5%258F%25AC%25E9%259B%2586%25E4%25BA%25BA%2F%3Fvariant%3Dzh-hk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-democracy+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thestandnews.com/politics/27%E9%9D%9E%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6%E6%B4%BE%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E6%88%90%E7%AB%8B%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0-%E6%B6%82%E8%AC%B9%E7%94%B3%E4%BB%BB%E5%8F%AC%E9%9B%86%E4%BA%BA/">"非建制派議員會面商合作平台涂謹申暫任召集人"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170114062237/https://thestandnews.com/politics/27%E9%9D%9E%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6%E6%B4%BE%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E6%88%90%E7%AB%8B%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0-%E6%B6%82%E8%AC%B9%E7%94%B3%E4%BB%BB%E5%8F%AC%E9%9B%86%E4%BA%BA/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%9D%9E%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6%E6%B4%BE%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83%E9%9D%A2%E5%95%86%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0+%E6%B6%82%E8%AC%B9%E7%94%B3%E6%9A%AB%E4%BB%BB%E5%8F%AC%E9%9B%86%E4%BA%BA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthestandnews.com%2Fpolitics%2F27%25E9%259D%259E%25E5%25BB%25BA%25E5%2588%25B6%25E6%25B4%25BE%25E8%25AD%25B0%25E5%2593%25A1%25E6%2588%2590%25E7%25AB%258B%25E5%2590%2588%25E4%25BD%259C%25E5%25B9%25B3%25E5%258F%25B0-%25E6%25B6%2582%25E8%25AC%25B9%25E7%2594%25B3%25E4%25BB%25BB%25E5%258F%25AC%25E9%259B%2586%25E4%25BA%25BA%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-democracy+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF李大煒2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">李大煒 (25 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hk01.com/社會新聞/114727/民主派會議換馬-莫乃光成新召集人-冀民主派保持團結">"民主派會議換馬莫乃光成新召集人冀民主派保持團結"</a>. <i>香港01</i> (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191208225108/https://www.hk01.com/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E/114727/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%B4%BE%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E6%8F%9B%E9%A6%AC-%E8%8E%AB%E4%B9%83%E5%85%89%E6%88%90%E6%96%B0%E5%8F%AC%E9%9B%86%E4%BA%BA-%E5%86%80%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%B4%BE%E4%BF%9D%E6%8C%81%E5%9C%98%E7%B5%90">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF01&rft.atitle=%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%B4%BE%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E6%8F%9B%E9%A6%AC+%E8%8E%AB%E4%B9%83%E5%85%89%E6%88%90%E6%96%B0%E5%8F%AC%E9%9B%86%E4%BA%BA+%E5%86%80%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%B4%BE%E4%BF%9D%E6%8C%81%E5%9C%98%E7%B5%90&rft.date=2017-08-25&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E7%85%92&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hk01.com%2F%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%2F114727%2F%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%B4%BE%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E6%8F%9B%E9%A6%AC-%E8%8E%AB%E4%B9%83%E5%85%89%E6%88%90%E6%96%B0%E5%8F%AC%E9%9B%86%E4%BA%BA-%E5%86%80%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%B4%BE%E4%BF%9D%E6%8C%81%E5%9C%98%E7%B5%90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-democracy+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.now.com/home/local/player?newsId=312389">"【政情】毛孟靜任民主派班長建制泛民同感嘆"</a>. <i>Now 新聞</i> (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). 9 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Now+%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E&rft.atitle=%E3%80%90%E6%94%BF%E6%83%85%E3%80%91%E6%AF%9B%E5%AD%9F%E9%9D%9C%E4%BB%BB%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%B4%BE%E7%8F%AD%E9%95%B7+%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6%E6%B3%9B%E6%B0%91%E5%90%8C%E6%84%9F%E5%98%86&rft.date=2018-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.now.com%2Fhome%2Flocal%2Fplayer%3FnewsId%3D312389&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-democracy+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hk.appledaily.com/local/20190927/XGGQAZALCXAM4UGCXZRRCKRWOU/">"【傘運5周年】告別議會前接任民主派召集人陳淑莊：議會內外積極跟進警暴"</a>. <i>Apple Daily 蘋果日報</i> (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210621183050/https://hk.appledaily.com/local/20190927/XGGQAZALCXAM4UGCXZRRCKRWOU/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apple+Daily+%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1&rft.atitle=%E3%80%90%E5%82%98%E9%81%8B5%E5%91%A8%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%91%E5%91%8A%E5%88%A5%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E5%89%8D%E6%8E%A5%E4%BB%BB%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E6%B4%BE%E5%8F%AC%E9%9B%86%E4%BA%BA+%E9%99%B3%E6%B7%91%E8%8E%8A%EF%BC%9A%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E5%85%A7%E5%A4%96%E7%A9%8D%E6%A5%B5%E8%B7%9F%E9%80%B2%E8%AD%A6%E6%9A%B4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhk.appledaily.com%2Flocal%2F20190927%2FXGGQAZALCXAM4UGCXZRRCKRWOU%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APro-democracy+camp+%28Hong+Kong%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201105000514/https://hk.appledaily.com/local/20200929/Y5E27GSDTBBVJGZVVCEVVDYX2U/">"去留議會︱民調出爐 47.1%受訪者撐留任未達門檻暫19民主派議員表態延任一年"</a>. <i>Apple Daily 蘋果日報</i> (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hk.appledaily.com/local/20200929/Y5E27GSDTBBVJGZVVCEVVDYX2U/">the original</a> on 5 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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political parties in Hong Kong">Political parties in Hong Kong</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Parties_represented_in_Legislative_Council" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parties represented in <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Hong_Kong" title="Legislative Council of Hong Kong">Legislative Council</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)" title="Pro-Beijing camp (Hong Kong)">Pro-Beijing</a> (89)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_for_the_Betterment_and_Progress_of_Hong_Kong" title="Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong">Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong</a> (19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" title="Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions">Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions</a> (8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_and_Professionals_Alliance_for_Hong_Kong" title="Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong">Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong</a> (7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Party" title="New People's Party">New People's Party</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Liberal Party (Hong Kong)">Liberal Party</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Federation_of_Education_Workers" title="Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers">Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Hong_Kong_and_Kowloon_Labour_Unions" title="Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions">Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Century_Forum" title="New Century Forum">New Century Forum</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundtable_(Hong_Kong)" title="Roundtable (Hong Kong)">Roundtable</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Power" title="Professional Power">Professional Power</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kowloon_West_New_Dynamic" title="Kowloon West New Dynamic">Kowloon West New Dynamic</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Prospect_for_Hong_Kong" title="New Prospect for Hong Kong">New Prospect</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unaligned (1)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Side" title="Third Side">Third Side</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Parties_represented_in_District_Councils" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parties represented in <a href="/wiki/District_councils_of_Hong_Kong" title="District councils of Hong Kong">District Councils</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pro-Beijing_(174)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pro-Beijing_camp_(Hong_Kong)" title="Pro-Beijing camp (Hong Kong)">Pro-Beijing</a> (174)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_for_the_Betterment_and_Progress_of_Hong_Kong" title="Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong">Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong</a> (109)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" title="Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions">Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions</a> (27)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Party" title="New People's Party">New People's Party</a> (15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_and_Professionals_Alliance_for_Hong_Kong" title="Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong">Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong</a> (12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Hong_Kong)" title="Liberal Party (Hong Kong)">Liberal Party</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Public_Housing_Estates" title="Federation of 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