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<li id="toc-Temperance_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temperance_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Temperance movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temperance_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Legislation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legislation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legislation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legislation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_option" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_option"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Local option</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_option-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Failed_referendum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Failed_referendum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Failed referendum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Failed_referendum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provincial_and_federal_prohibition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provincial_and_federal_prohibition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Provincial and federal prohibition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provincial_and_federal_prohibition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_Nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>First Nations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alcohol_production_in_Ontario" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alcohol_production_in_Ontario"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Alcohol production in Ontario</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alcohol_production_in_Ontario-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repeal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repeal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Repeal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repeal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dry_communities_in_Canada" 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historic alcohol ban in Canada</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raid_at_elk_lake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Raid_at_elk_lake.jpg/220px-Raid_at_elk_lake.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Raid_at_elk_lake.jpg/330px-Raid_at_elk_lake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Raid_at_elk_lake.jpg/440px-Raid_at_elk_lake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="974" /></a><figcaption>A police raid confiscating illegal alcoholic beverages, in <a href="/wiki/James,_Ontario" title="James, Ontario">Elk Lake, Ontario</a>, in 1925.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Prohibition in Canada</b> was a ban on <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverages" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic beverages">alcoholic beverages</a> that arose in various stages, from local municipal bans in the late 19th century (extending to the present in some cases), to provincial bans in the early 20th century, and national prohibition (a temporary wartime measure) from 1918 to 1920. The relatively large and powerful beer and alcohol manufacturing sector, and the huge working class that purchased their products, failed to convince any of the governments to reverse their stance on prohibition.<sup id="cite_ref-Bellamy-magazine2009_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bellamy-magazine2009-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most provinces repealed their bans in the 1920s, though alcohol was illegal in <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> from 1901 to 1948. By comparison, the <i>Ontario Temperance Act</i> was in effect from 1916 to 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-Bellamy-journal2009_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bellamy-journal2009-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As legislation prohibiting the consumption of alcohol was repealed, it was typically replaced with regulation imposing restrictions on the sale of alcohol to minors, and with <a href="/wiki/Excise" title="Excise">excise</a> taxes on alcoholic products. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition_in_Canada&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temperance_movement">Temperance movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition_in_Canada&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Temperance movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">Temperance movement</a></div> <p>Canadians drank heavily during the nineteenth century. The <a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada" title="Upper Canada">Upper Canadian</a> census of 1851 recorded 1,999 taverns or one to 478 people. Drunkenness, fighting, domestic abuse, and household impoverishment were rampant.<sup id="cite_ref-Bellamy-journal2009_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bellamy-journal2009-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prohibition was mostly spurred on by the organized crusades against social evil launched by the temperance movement. They targeted drinking establishments, which they viewed as the source of societal ills and misery. Initially, the temperance movement in Canada, which began in the 1820s, was largely concerned with the consumption of strong liquor, while beer, wine, and cider were not considered to be a significant problem. However, by the 1840s, "total abstinence" temperance societies were the norm, and all alcoholic beverages, including those with lighter alcohol content, were considered dangerous.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Maine_law" title="Maine law">Maine Law</a> of 1851, which saw legal prohibition in the US state of Maine, the temperance movement in Canada shifted to the strategy of legal coercion to advance the cause of sobriety.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main temperance organizations that emerged at the beginning of the prohibition era in Canada were the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_Alliance_for_the_Total_Suppression_of_the_Liquor_Traffic" title="Dominion Alliance for the Total Suppression of the Liquor Traffic">Dominion Alliance for the Total Suppression of the Liquor Traffic</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_Christian_Temperance_Union" title="Woman's Christian Temperance Union">Woman's Christian Temperance Union</a> (WCTU) of Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Protestant denominations, including <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregationalists</a>, generally supported prohibition and campaigned for it beginning in the late 19th century. Prohibition was an important aspect of the Protestant <a href="/wiki/Social_Gospel" title="Social Gospel">Social Gospel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The WCTU established itself throughout much of Canada and the United States as one of the largest and most influential contributors to the temperance movement.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One way the WCTU attempted to spread the message of temperance was by pressuring provincial governments for temperance instruction in schools.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1892, under pressure from the WCTU and other temperance organizations, <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> enacted legislation requiring schools to teach students about the effects of alcohol on the human body.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the 19th century, through the efforts of the WCTU, most provinces had at least some temperance instruction in school.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The WCTU also looked outside of the formal school systems to promote temperance ideals to children, and also spread their message to Sunday schools, and youth groups.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The Dominion Alliance was an umbrella organization that "included representatives from most temperance and prohibition societies," including the WCTU.<sup id="cite_ref-Smart_1986_22_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smart_1986_22-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group lobbied governments at various levels to enact prohibitory laws, and other legislation that advanced the cause of temperance.<sup id="cite_ref-Smart_1986_22_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smart_1986_22-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They submitted a memorial, or a written statement of principles, to the nineteenth session of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Huron" title="Diocese of Huron">Huron Diocese's</a> Anglican Synod in 1876. In it they stated:</p><blockquote><p>"The Council of the Alliance has agreed to the following principles as a basis to which they most respectfully but earnestly call your attention: </p><p>"DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES. </p><p>"1. That it is neither right nor politic for the Government to afford legal protection and sanction to any traffic or system that tends to increase crime, to waste the resources of the Dominion, to corrupt the social habits, and to destroy the healths and lives of the people. </p><p>"2. That the traffic in intoxicating liquors as common beverages is inimical to the true interests of individuals, and destructive of the order and welfare of society, and ought therefore to be prohibited. </p><p>"3. That the history and results of all legislation in regard to the liquor traffic abundantly prove, that it is impossible satisfactorily to limit or regulate a system so essentially mischievous in its tendencies. </p><p>"4. That no consideration of private gain or public revenue can justify the upholding of a traffic so thoroughly wrong in principle, so suicidal in policy, and disastrous in its results, as the traffic in intoxicating liquors. </p><p>"5. That the Legislative Prohibition of the liquor traffic is perfectly compatible with national liberty, and with the claims of justice and legitimate commerce. </p><p>"6. That the Legislative Prohibition of the liquor traffic would be highly conducive to the development of progressive civilization. </p><p>"7. That rising above sectarian and party considerations, all good citizens should combine to procure an enactment prohibiting the manufacture and sale of intoxicating beverages, as affording the most efficient aid in removing the appalling evils of intemperance." </p><p>"There may be differences of opinion in regard to the foregoing particulars, but the Council assures the Christian Body it has now the honor to approach, that the utmost diligence has been exercised in the examination of evidence on all the subjects embraced therein. </p><p>"Deeply convinced of the value of the aid of Christian Ministers and Churches, as such, we solicit your co-operation in the efforts now being made to concentrate the moral and religious energies of the Dominion against the liquor traffic. </p><p> "Your memorialists most earnestly hope that your counsels may be wisely directed, and that you will take such action in the premises as may strengthen the hands and encourage the hearts of those who have the direction of the Prohibitory Liquor Law movement."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislation">Legislation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition_in_Canada&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_option">Local option</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition_in_Canada&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Local option"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some legislative steps toward prohibition were taken in the 19th century. The passage of the <i>Canada Temperance Act</i> of 1864, also called the "<a href="/wiki/Christopher_Dunkin" title="Christopher Dunkin">Dunkin Act</a>", in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province of Canada</a>, allowed any county or city to forbid the sale of liquor by majority vote.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Canadian Confederation</a>, local option was extended to the rest of Canada via the <i><a href="/wiki/Canada_Temperance_Act" title="Canada Temperance Act">Canada Temperance Act</a></i> of 1878. It was often known as the Scott Act after its sponsor <a href="/wiki/Richard_William_Scott" title="Richard William Scott">Sir Richard William Scott</a>. It also allowed any county or city to opt in to a prohibitionist scheme if there was a bare majority in a local vote.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the CTA, the sale of alcohol for sacramental or medicinal usage remained legal.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Local option votes resulted in more than 240 places in Ontario being under local option prohibition by 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Cardston,_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardston, Alberta">Cardston, Alberta</a>, licence district, which included the town and surrounding countryside, voted in favour of local option prohibition in 1902.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Failed_referendum">Failed referendum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition_in_Canada&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Failed referendum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An official, but non-binding, <a href="/wiki/1898_Canadian_prohibition_plebiscite" title="1898 Canadian prohibition plebiscite">federal referendum on prohibition</a> was held in 1898. 51 percent voted in favour of prohibition, and 49 percent voted against. Voter turnout was low at 44 percent. Prohibition had a majority in all provinces except <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, where a strong 80 percent of the population voted against it. The main factor was religion. Pietistic Protestants, such as Methodists, Presbyterians and Scandinavian Lutherans, were strongly in support. Liturgical or high church Protestants, such as Anglicans and German Lutherans were in opposition; the Catholic population, both French and Irish, strongly opposed. Urban areas were more opposed than rural, but economic wealth made little difference.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite a prohibition majority, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier" title="Wilfrid Laurier">Wilfrid Laurier's</a> government chose not to introduce a federal bill on prohibition, because of strong opposition in Quebec, and low voter turnout. As a result, prohibition in Canada would only be enacted through individual sets of laws passed at the provincial level during the first twenty years of the 20th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Provincial_and_federal_prohibition">Provincial and federal prohibition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition_in_Canada&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Provincial and federal prohibition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1900–1919, one province after another went "dry." In March 1918 the federal government as a war measure made it illegal to manufacture "intoxicating" drinks. Most of the provinces enacted prohibition during the First World War, and opted to extend the ban on alcohol following the end of the war. Between 1878 and 1928 about 75% of Canadian breweries had closed. Notable extremes were Prince Edward Island which implemented prohibition as early as 1901, and Quebec which adopted prohibition in 1919 but quickly repealed it after intense public pressure.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The First World War was an important factor in the success of prohibition efforts in Canada at the beginning of the 20th century. Many believed that prohibition would create a Canadian society worthy of the sacrifices of soldiers overseas. The argument was also raised that prohibition would benefit the war effort since it would prevent waste and inefficiency. Some also considered the barroom a place where "foreigners" congregated and "plotted" against the British Empire, and therefore the war effort.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As former opponents of prohibition became silenced, lest they be judged as unpatriotic, provinces began to implement prohibition. </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/1917_Canadian_federal_election" title="1917 Canadian federal election">election of 1917</a> the federal government introduced national prohibition by an <a href="/wiki/Order_in_Council" title="Order in Council">Order in Council</a> that became effective on April 1, 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It prohibited the importation of alcohol of more than 2.5 percent into Canada, the inter-provincial trade of alcohol, and included a ban on production. The wartime ban expired a year after the conclusion of the war. This was the first and last time that national prohibition on the production, distribution, and consumption of alcohol was enacted in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Nations">First Nations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition_in_Canada&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: First Nations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">Indigenous peoples in Canada</a> were subject to prohibitory alcohol laws under the <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Act" title="Indian Act">Indian Act</a></i> of 1876.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell-108_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-108-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was an attempt on the part of the Canadian government to facilitate assimilation, because for an indigenous person to possess alcohol they had to become a Canadian citizen through enfranchisement and to be eligible for enfranchisement indigenous people had to demonstrate sobriety.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell-108_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-108-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The laws also reflected a widespread false belief among North Americans, that indigenous peoples were more prone to alcohol dependency, known as the "firewater myth."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sections of the <i>Indian Act</i> regarding liquor were not repealed for over a hundred years, until 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alcohol_production_in_Ontario">Alcohol production in Ontario</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition_in_Canada&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Alcohol production in Ontario"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite having prohibition from 1916 until 1927 in Ontario, the government allowed for numerous exceptions. <a href="/wiki/Canadian_wine" title="Canadian wine">Wineries</a> were exempted from closure, and various <a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Canada" title="Beer in Canada">breweries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Distillers_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Distillers in Canada">distilleries</a> remained open for the export market.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton, Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rocco_Perri" title="Rocco Perri">Rocco Perri</a> specialized in exporting liquor from old Canadian distilleries, such as <a href="/wiki/Seagram" title="Seagram">Seagram</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gooderham_and_Worts" title="Gooderham and Worts">Gooderham and Worts</a>, to the United States, and helped these companies obtain a large share of the American market.<sup id="cite_ref-goodworts_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goodworts-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/London,_Ontario" title="London, Ontario">London, Ontario</a>, Harry Low and his group of rum-runners bought the <a href="/wiki/Carling_brewery" class="mw-redirect" title="Carling brewery">Carling Brewery</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Labatt_Brewing_Company" title="Labatt Brewing Company">Labatt family</a> left the operations to the manager Edmund Burke. The fact that the "export" might be by small boat from <a href="/wiki/Rum-running_in_Windsor" class="mw-redirect" title="Rum-running in Windsor">Windsor</a> across the river to <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> only helped the province's economy. <a href="/wiki/Rum-running" title="Rum-running">Rum-running</a> occurred in other provinces as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Repeal">Repeal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition_in_Canada&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Repeal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The dates for the repeal of prohibition are often debated. </p><p>Throughout the prohibition period, Ontario-made wines remained legal in Ontario and some have argued that Ontario never had prohibition. The government allowed the sale of light beer, considered to be non-intoxicating (and generally reviled by drinkers) in 1923, but it did not repeal the legislation creating prohibition until 1927, replacing it with the <i><a href="/wiki/Liquor_Licence_Act_(Ontario)" title="Liquor Licence Act (Ontario)">Liquor Control Act</a></i> and creating the <a href="/wiki/Liquor_Control_Board_of_Ontario" title="Liquor Control Board of Ontario">Liquor Control Board of Ontario</a> to enforce the act.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although some might argue the light beer amendment of 1923 ended prohibition, there is a general consensus among recent historians that 1927 is the date of repeal.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similar debates can be made across the country. This table should not be taken as definitive, but rather one interpretation of prohibition's end points. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Province/territory </th> <th>Provincial prohibition enacted </th> <th>Repealed </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> </td> <td>1917 </td> <td>1921 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> </td> <td>1916 </td> <td>1923 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> </td> <td>1915<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1925 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/District_of_Keewatin" title="District of Keewatin">District of Keewatin</a> </td> <td>1876<sup id="cite_ref-intox_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-intox-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1905 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> </td> <td>1916 </td> <td>1921 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> </td> <td>1916 </td> <td>1927 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> </td> <td>1919 </td> <td>1919 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> </td> <td>1856<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1856 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1917 </td> <td>1927 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a> </td> <td>1874 </td> <td>1891 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> </td> <td>1921 </td> <td>1930 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> </td> <td>1901 </td> <td>1948 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a> </td> <td>1918 </td> <td>1920 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a> (not part of Canada until 1949) </td> <td>1917 </td> <td>1924 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Between the years of 1920–1925 five provinces voted to repeal prohibition. The elimination of alcoholic beverages had made a difference in Canadian society. The Ontario Alliance for the Total Suppression of the Liquor Trade stated in 1922 that the number of convictions for offences associated with drink had declined from 17,413 in 1914 to 5,413 in 1921, and drunkenness cases had dropped from 16,590 in 1915 to 6,766 in 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of prohibition, nearly three quarters of beer breweries had closed.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was only in the second half of the twentieth century that a significant number of new breweries opened again. </p><p>After the First World War, opponents of prohibition claimed that too many people were ignoring the law and drinking illegally, and that prohibition contributed to the expansion of organized crime and violence. The new slogans were 'Moderation' and 'Government Regulation.' Moreover, the denominations of Presbyterianism, Methodism, and Congregationalism voted to merge as the <a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Canada" title="United Church of Canada">United Church of Canada</a>, to create a stronger liberal voice. The possibility of new revenue led several provinces to introduce government control on the sale of alcohol and by the mid-1920s prohibition was fighting a losing battle.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most provinces repealed their prohibition laws during the 1920s. After the <a href="/wiki/1924_Ontario_prohibition_referendum" title="1924 Ontario prohibition referendum">1924 Ontario prohibition referendum</a> narrowly upheld prohibition under the <i><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Temperance_Act" title="Ontario Temperance Act">Ontario Temperance Act</a></i> (OTA), the Ontario government led by <a href="/wiki/Howard_Ferguson" title="Howard Ferguson">Howard Ferguson</a> permitted the sale of low-alcohol beer. Ferguson's successful re-election platform in 1926 included a repeal of the OTA. Prohibition was ended in 1927 following the election, and the Liquor Control Act (LCA) was passed supplanting the OTA. The Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO) was created to enforce the LCA by "controlling the sale of liquor to the public and the regulation of the places in which people could drink their booze."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Liquor Control Act of 1927 allowed for the sale of alcoholic beverages for individual purchase, but public drinking of full strength alcohol (in pubs, taverns, restaurants, beverage rooms) remained illegal. Subsequently, the Liquor Control Act of 1934 permitted public drinking, but only in hotel beverage rooms where beer was permitted, and dining rooms where beer and wine was permitted with meals.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since each province had its own laws,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> any attempt to generalize liquor control legislation distorts the situation. Quebec repealed prohibition in 1919; <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> in 1921, and this rolled across the country roughly west to east. Quebec had a more liberal system than most places in North America at the time. They legalized the sale of light beer, cider, and wine in hotels, taverns, cafes, clubs and corner stores in 1919. Two years later, faced with extensive smuggling of hard liquors, the province legalized the sale of spirits in government run stores. </p><p>Quebec, a convenient train ride from the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">eastern seaboard of the United States</a>, became a mecca for thirsty Americans, even inspiring the song "Hello Montreal."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British Columbia's new law initially covered only public sale in stores. Public drinking remained illegal until 1925, when "beer by the glass" legislation permitted beer parlours to open in hotels.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1923_Alberta_prohibition_plebiscite" title="1923 Alberta prohibition plebiscite">1923 Alberta prohibition plebiscite</a> was conducted on Nov. 3, 1923, and a majority voted in favour of replacing Prohibition. The province repealed prohibition in 1924, along with <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>, upon realizing that the laws were enforceable only at great expense. In 1924 Alberta replaced Prohibition with government-store sales of beer, wine and hard liquor and licensed beer "parlours" selling beer under strict conditions. </p><p>Prince Edward Island was the last province to repeal prohibition in 1948. </p><p>Despite the lifting of provincial Prohibition laws, it still remained illegal for most types of liquor to be shipped across provincial borders, under the Importation of Intoxicating Liquors Act, into the 21st century. In response, <a href="/wiki/Okanagan" title="Okanagan">Okanagan</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Dan_Albas" title="Dan Albas">Dan Albas</a> tabled Bill C-311, which would repeal this restriction and allow the interprovincial distribution of wine (but not beer or spirits). With the promise of potential for increased investment in Canada's wine industry if the restrictions were lifted (owing to wineries finally being able to distribute their product nationally), the bill passed the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House</a> with a vote of 287–0 in June 2012. However, the exemption created by the amendment is subject to the laws of the province into which the wine is being shipped. So far, the provinces have responded inconsistently. For example, Ontario and British Columbia have permitted the interprovincial transport of wine on the person (up to one case), but have made no law or policy that allows interprovincial shipment of wine.<sup id="cite_ref-bill-c311_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bill-c311-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dry_communities_in_Canada">Dry communities in Canada</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition_in_Canada&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Dry communities in Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prohibition_in_Canada&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2011</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Municipalities in Canada that have prohibited or restricted sale of alcohol within their borders include: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alberta">Alberta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition_in_Canada&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Alberta"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cardston_County" title="Cardston County">Cardston County</a>, the western portion of the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Warner_No._5" title="County of Warner No. 5">County of Warner No. 5</a> and the communities contained within their boundaries did not allow standing licences for sale of liquor within their limits, previous to 2020. This area includes the communities of <a href="/wiki/Cardston" title="Cardston">Cardston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raymond,_Alberta" title="Raymond, Alberta">Raymond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magrath,_Alberta" title="Magrath, Alberta">Magrath</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stirling,_Alberta" title="Stirling, Alberta">Stirling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2020, the Alberta government repealed its prohibition law in effect in these areas.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cardston passed a town bylaw to maintain prohibition. </p><p>In 2022, Raymond considered allowing alcohol sales. "In June of 2020, the province removed the last vestiges of the Prohibition Act and when that happened, Raymond went from prohibited community to a community without licence,” said Kurtis Pratt, Raymond’s chief administrative officer.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2022 town survey a majority of 52 per cent of the 885 respondents opted for Raymond to remain a dry community, and the town council voted down a motion for a bylaw amendment to allow for restaurants in Raymond to have a liquor licence.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A referendum in town of Cardston in June 2023 saw a majority vote to cancel prohibition. Town council voted to scrap the prohibition bylaw in September 2023, but still the issuance of the first licence for sale of liquor was up to town council.<sup id="cite_ref-cbc2023_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbc2023-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2024, alcohol sales began at restaurants and recreation centres.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manitoba">Manitoba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition_in_Canada&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Manitoba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steinbach,_Manitoba" title="Steinbach, Manitoba">Steinbach</a> did not allow the sale of liquor within city limits until 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newfoundland_and_Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition_in_Canada&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Newfoundland and Labrador"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natuashish" title="Natuashish">Natuashish</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Indian_reserve" title="Indian reserve">federal Indian reserve</a>, voted to ban alcohol in 2008, and a vote to repeal the ban in 2010 was not successful.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northwest_Territories">Northwest Territories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition_in_Canada&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Northwest Territories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>As of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prohibition_in_Canada&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there are seven dry communities: <a href="/wiki/Behchoko" class="mw-redirect" title="Behchoko">Behchoko</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gam%C3%A8ti" title="Gamèti">Gamèti</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lutselk%27e" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutselk'e">Lutselk'e</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nahanni_Butte" title="Nahanni Butte">Nahanni Butte</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tsiigehtchic" title="Tsiigehtchic">Tsiigehtchic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wekweeti" class="mw-redirect" title="Wekweeti">Wekweeti</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/What%C3%AC" title="Whatì">Whatì</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>As of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prohibition_in_Canada&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there are also communities where the amount of alcohol is limited. These are <a href="/wiki/Deline" class="mw-redirect" title="Deline">Deline</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dettah" title="Dettah">Dettah</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fort_Good_Hope" title="Fort Good Hope">Fort Good Hope</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fort_Liard" title="Fort Liard">Fort Liard</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fort_McPherson,_Northwest_Territories" title="Fort McPherson, Northwest Territories">Fort McPherson</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paulatuk" title="Paulatuk">Paulatuk</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Trout_Lake,_Northwest_Territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Trout Lake, Northwest Territories">Trout Lake</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tuktoyaktuk" title="Tuktoyaktuk">Tuktoyaktuk</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tulita" title="Tulita">Tulita</a><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ulukhaktok" title="Ulukhaktok">Ulukhaktok</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>As of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prohibition_in_Canada&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there are seven liquor stores in the Territory.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nunavut">Nunavut</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition_in_Canada&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Nunavut"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>As of 2024, six communities in Nunavut are dry. These are <a href="/wiki/Arviat" title="Arviat">Arviat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coral_Harbour" title="Coral Harbour">Coral Harbour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gjoa_Haven" title="Gjoa Haven">Gjoa Haven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kugaaruk" title="Kugaaruk">Kugaaruk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pangnirtung" title="Pangnirtung">Pangnirtung</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sanikiluaq" title="Sanikiluaq">Sanikiluaq</a>.</li></ul> <p>There are also 12 communities that operate the committee system. In these communities anybody wishing to purchase alcohol must obtain permission, including the quantity, from a locally elected Alcohol Education Committee (AEC), before they are allowed to order from Iqaluit (<a href="/wiki/Qikiqtaaluk_Region" title="Qikiqtaaluk Region">Baffin</a> communities), Rankin Inlet (<a href="/wiki/Kivalliq" class="mw-redirect" title="Kivalliq">Kivalliq</a> communities), or <a href="/wiki/Yellowknife" title="Yellowknife">Yellowknife</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kitikmeot_Region" title="Kitikmeot Region">Kitikmeot</a> communities). These communities are <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Bay" title="Arctic Bay">Arctic Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_Inlet,_Nunavut" title="Chesterfield Inlet, Nunavut">Chesterfield Inlet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clyde_River,_Nunavut" title="Clyde River, Nunavut">Clyde River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Igloolik" title="Igloolik">Igloolik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimmirut" title="Kimmirut">Kimmirut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kinngait" title="Kinngait">Kinngait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naujaat" title="Naujaat">Naujaat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pond_Inlet" title="Pond Inlet">Pond Inlet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qikiqtarjuaq" title="Qikiqtarjuaq">Qikiqtarjuaq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resolute,_Nunavut" title="Resolute, Nunavut">Resolute Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanirajak" title="Sanirajak">Sanirajak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Whale_Cove,_Nunavut" title="Whale Cove, Nunavut">Whale Cove</a>. Six communities are unrestricted: <a href="/wiki/Baker_Lake,_Nunavut" title="Baker Lake, Nunavut">Baker Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Bay" title="Cambridge Bay">Cambridge Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grise_Fiord" title="Grise Fiord">Grise Fiord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iqaluit" title="Iqaluit">Iqaluit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rankin_Inlet" title="Rankin Inlet">Rankin Inlet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Taloyoak" title="Taloyoak">Taloyoak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2022, the hamlet of <a href="/wiki/Kugluktuk" title="Kugluktuk">Kugluktuk</a> voted to return to limit on alcohol sales. A total of 287 votes were cast. This was equivalent to 38 percent of eligible voters in the community whose total population is approximately 1,400. Sixty per cent of those voters opted for restrictions, which exceeds the 60-per-cent threshold that was required for change.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ontario">Ontario</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition_in_Canada&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ontario"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orillia" title="Orillia">Orillia</a> ended prohibition in 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The city of <a href="/wiki/Owen_Sound" title="Owen Sound">Owen Sound</a> continued to outlaw liquor well into the 1970s.</li> <li>Parts of west <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> (see <a href="/wiki/The_Junction" title="The Junction">The Junction</a>) did not permit liquor sales until 2000 due largely to the efforts of <a href="/wiki/William_Horace_Temple" title="William Horace Temple">William Horace Temple</a> that resulted in the ban from 1904 to 1998.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Cree" title="East Cree">James Bay Cree</a> communities in Ontario remain dry as of 2016 (<a href="/wiki/Moose_Factory" title="Moose Factory">Moose Factory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Albany_First_Nation" title="Fort Albany First Nation">Fort Albany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashechewan_First_Nation" title="Kashechewan First Nation">Kashechewan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Attawapiskat_First_Nation" title="Attawapiskat First Nation">Attawapiskat</a>), <a href="/wiki/Deer_Lake_First_Nation" title="Deer Lake First Nation">Deer Lake First Nation</a>; in that there is no government store selling alcoholic products. Restriction of the transport of alcohol into the communities is not generally enforced, and consumption is still common. Liquor sales are available in <a href="/wiki/Moosonee" title="Moosonee">Moosonee</a>, which is accessible from all communities by <a href="/wiki/Ice_road" title="Ice road">ice road</a> in the winter.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quebec">Quebec</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition_in_Canada&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Quebec"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Bay" title="James Bay">James Bay</a> Cree communities in Quebec, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Whapmagoostui" title="Whapmagoostui">Whapmagoostui</a>, are still dry as of 2013 (<a href="/wiki/Waskaganish" title="Waskaganish">Waskaganish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastmain,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastmain, Quebec">Eastmain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wemindji" title="Wemindji">Wemindji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chisasibi" title="Chisasibi">Chisasibi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waswanipi,_Quebec" title="Waswanipi, Quebec">Waswanipi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mistissini,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Mistissini, Quebec">Mistissini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ouj%C3%A9-Bougoumou,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Oujé-Bougoumou, Quebec">Oujé-Bougoumou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nemaska" title="Nemaska">Nemaska</a>). Chisasibi is unique in that it has a checkpoint for enforcing the ban on bringing alcohol into the village, although this is skirted by <a href="/wiki/Snowmobile" title="Snowmobile">snowmobiles</a> avoiding the main road.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition_in_Canada&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Saskatchewan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Govenlock,_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Govenlock, Saskatchewan">Govenlock</a> After Montana's prohibition declaration in 1919, large groups of drinkers from that state frequently crossed the border by train to visit Govenlock to purchase booze. Govenlock is now a <a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">ghost town</a> since 1976.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yukon">Yukon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition_in_Canada&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Yukon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Crow,_Yukon" title="Old Crow, Yukon">Old Crow</a> is a dry <a href="/wiki/Gwich%27in" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwich'in">Gwich'in</a> community on the <a href="/wiki/Porcupine_River" title="Porcupine River">Porcupine River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_River,_Yukon" title="Ross River, Yukon">Ross River</a> is a dry community.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition_in_Canada&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whiskey_Gap,_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Whiskey Gap, Alberta">Whiskey Gap, Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_liberalization" title="Drug liberalization">Drug liberalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">Prohibition in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Canada" title="Beer in Canada">Beer in Canada</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition_in_Canada&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bellamy-magazine2009-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bellamy-magazine2009_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBellamy2009" class="citation web cs1">Bellamy, Matthew (May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canadashistory.ca/explore/arts-culture-society/beer-wars">"Beer Wars"</a>. <i>Canada's History</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202005023/http://www.canadashistory.ca/Magazine/Online-Extension/Articles/Beer-Wars">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2017</span>. <q>...they served up a watered-down response to the threat of prohibition.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canada%27s+History&rft.atitle=Beer+Wars&rft.date=2009-05&rft.aulast=Bellamy&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canadashistory.ca%2Fexplore%2Farts-culture-society%2Fbeer-wars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bellamy-journal2009-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bellamy-journal2009_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bellamy-journal2009_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellamy2009" class="citation web cs1">Bellamy, Matthew J. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.breweryhistory.com/journal/archive/132/Canadian_Prohibition.pdf">"The Canadian Brewing Industry's Response to Prohibition, 1874-1920"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of the Brewery History Society</i>. pp. 2–17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Brewery+History+Society&rft.atitle=The+Canadian+Brewing+Industry%27s+Response+to+Prohibition%2C+1874-1920&rft.pages=2-17&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Bellamy&rft.aufirst=Matthew+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.breweryhistory.com%2Fjournal%2Farchive%2F132%2FCanadian_Prohibition.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmartOgborne1986" class="citation book cs1">Smart, Reginald George; Ogborne, Alan C. (Alan Charles) (1986). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northernspiritsd00smar"><i>Northern spirits: drinking in Canada, then and now</i></a></span>. Substance Abuse Librarians and Information Specialists (SALIS). Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northernspiritsd00smar/page/19">19</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780888681294" title="Special:BookSources/9780888681294"><bdi>9780888681294</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Northern+spirits%3A+drinking+in+Canada%2C+then+and+now&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Toronto%3A+Addiction+Research+Foundation&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9780888681294&rft.aulast=Smart&rft.aufirst=Reginald+George&rft.au=Ogborne%2C+Alan+C.+%28Alan+Charles%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnorthernspiritsd00smar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraig2003" class="citation book cs1">Craig, Heron (2003). <i>Booze : a distilled history</i>. Toronto, Ont.: Between the Lines. p. 152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1896357830" title="Special:BookSources/1896357830"><bdi>1896357830</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/54454765">54454765</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Booze+%3A+a+distilled+history&rft.place=Toronto%2C+Ont.&rft.pages=152&rft.pub=Between+the+Lines&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F54454765&rft.isbn=1896357830&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=Heron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lAgFAAAAQAAJ&q=dominion+alliance&pg=RA1-PA13">The Journal of the Synod of the Church of England in the Diocese of Huron, Nineteenth Session, June 20-22, 1876. pp. 38, 45, 51, 142, 165.</a> The Dominion Alliance formed just prior to the 1876 session</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoombs2011" class="citation journal cs1">Coombs, Adam James (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.uvic.ca/index.php/ghr/article/view/7590">"Liberty and Community:The Political Ideas of Nineteenth-Century Canadian Temperance Movements"</a>. <i>The Graduate History Review</i>. <b>3</b> (1).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Graduate+History+Review&rft.atitle=Liberty+and+Community%3AThe+Political+Ideas+of+Nineteenth-Century+Canadian+Temperance+Movements&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Coombs&rft.aufirst=Adam+James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.uvic.ca%2Findex.php%2Fghr%2Farticle%2Fview%2F7590&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen1968" class="citation journal cs1">Allen, Richard (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/569338/summary">"The Social Gospel and the Reform Tradition in Canada, 1890–1928"</a>. <i>The Canadian Historical Review</i>. <b>49</b> (4): 387. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2FCHR-049-04-03">10.3138/CHR-049-04-03</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1710-1093">1710-1093</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154487598">154487598</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canadian+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Social+Gospel+and+the+Reform+Tradition+in+Canada%2C+1890%E2%80%931928&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=387&rft.date=1968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154487598%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1710-1093&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2FCHR-049-04-03&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F569338%2Fsummary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheehan1984" class="citation journal cs1">Sheehan, Nancy M. (1984). "The WCTU and Educational Strategies on the Canadian Prairie". <i>History of Education Quarterly</i>. <b>24</b> (1): 101–119. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F367995">10.2307/367995</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/367995">367995</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145405511">145405511</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+of+Education+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+WCTU+and+Educational+Strategies+on+the+Canadian+Prairie&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=101-119&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145405511%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F367995%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F367995&rft.aulast=Sheehan&rft.aufirst=Nancy+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheehan1984" class="citation journal cs1">Sheehan, Nancy M. (1984). "National Pressure Groups and Provincial Curriculum Policy: Temperance in Nova Scotia Schools 1880-1930". <i>Canadian Journal of Education</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 74. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1494450">10.2307/1494450</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1494450">1494450</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Education&rft.atitle=National+Pressure+Groups+and+Provincial+Curriculum+Policy%3A+Temperance+in+Nova+Scotia+Schools+1880-1930&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=74&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1494450&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1494450%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Sheehan&rft.aufirst=Nancy+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheehan1984" class="citation journal cs1">Sheehan, Nancy M. (1984). 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(Alan Charles) (1986). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northernspiritsd00smar"><i>Northern spirits : drinking in Canada, then and now</i></a></span>. Substance Abuse Librarians and Information Specialists (SALIS). Toronto : Addiction Research Foundation. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northernspiritsd00smar/page/22">22</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780888681294" title="Special:BookSources/9780888681294"><bdi>9780888681294</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Northern+spirits+%3A+drinking+in+Canada%2C+then+and+now&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Toronto+%3A+Addiction+Research+Foundation&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9780888681294&rft.aulast=Smart&rft.aufirst=Reginald+George&rft.au=Ogborne%2C+Alan+C.+%28Alan+Charles%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnorthernspiritsd00smar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lAgFAAAAQAAJ&q=dominion+alliance&pg=RA1-PA13">The Journal of the Synod of the Church of England in the Diocese of Huron, Nineteenth Session, June 20-22, 1876. p. 165, 166</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmartOgborne1986" class="citation book cs1">Smart, Reginald George; Ogborne, Alan C. (Alan Charles) (1986). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northernspiritsd00smar"><i>Northern spirits : drinking in Canada, then and now</i></a></span>. Substance Abuse Librarians and Information Specialists (SALIS). Toronto : Addiction Research Foundation. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northernspiritsd00smar/page/42">42</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780888681294" title="Special:BookSources/9780888681294"><bdi>9780888681294</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Northern+spirits+%3A+drinking+in+Canada%2C+then+and+now&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Toronto+%3A+Addiction+Research+Foundation&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9780888681294&rft.aulast=Smart&rft.aufirst=Reginald+George&rft.au=Ogborne%2C+Alan+C.+%28Alan+Charles%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnorthernspiritsd00smar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmartOgborne1986" class="citation book cs1">Smart, Reginald George; Ogborne, Alan C. (Alan Charles) (1986). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northernspiritsd00smar"><i>Northern spirits : drinking in Canada, then and now</i></a></span>. Substance Abuse Librarians and Information Specialists (SALIS). Toronto : Addiction Research Foundation. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northernspiritsd00smar/page/44">44</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780888681294" title="Special:BookSources/9780888681294"><bdi>9780888681294</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Northern+spirits+%3A+drinking+in+Canada%2C+then+and+now&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Toronto+%3A+Addiction+Research+Foundation&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9780888681294&rft.aulast=Smart&rft.aufirst=Reginald+George&rft.au=Ogborne%2C+Alan+C.+%28Alan+Charles%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnorthernspiritsd00smar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyce1923" class="citation journal cs1">Boyce, Cyril D. 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"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"The people's will": Canadians and the 1898 referendum on alcohol prohibition". <i>Explorations in Economic History</i>. <b>49</b> (4): 503–504. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.eeh.2012.06.005">10.1016/j.eeh.2012.06.005</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0014-4983">0014-4983</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Explorations+in+Economic+History&rft.atitle=%22The+people%27s+will%22%3A+Canadians+and+the+1898+referendum+on+alcohol+prohibition&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=503-504&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.eeh.2012.06.005&rft.issn=0014-4983&rft.aulast=Dostie&rft.aufirst=Benoit&rft.au=Dupr%C3%A9%2C+Ruth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellamy2009" class="citation journal cs1">Bellamy, Matthew (April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canadashistory.ca/explore/arts,-culture-society/beer-wars">"Beer Wars"</a>. <i>The Beaver</i>. <b>89</b> (2): 16–23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Beaver&rft.atitle=Beer+Wars&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=16-23&rft.date=2009-04&rft.aulast=Bellamy&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canadashistory.ca%2Fexplore%2Farts%2C-culture-society%2Fbeer-wars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPistula2008" class="citation book cs1">Pistula, James M. 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The year 1923 is the date set by Gerald Hallowell, in <i>Prohibition in Ontario, 1919-1923</i> (Toronto: Ontario Historical Society, 1972)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://saskarchives.com/sasksettlement/display.php?cat=1910-1920&subcat=Prohibition%20and%20Temperance">"Saskatchewan Settlement Experience"</a>. <i>saskarchives.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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May 31, 1876. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Prohibition&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1876-05-31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaite1972" class="citation journal cs1">Waite, Peter B. (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30302439">"The Fall and Rise of the Smashers, 1856-1857: Some Private Letters of Manners-Sutton"</a>. <i>Acadiensis</i>. <b>2</b> (1): 65–70. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0044-5851">0044-5851</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30302439">30302439</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acadiensis&rft.atitle=The+Fall+and+Rise+of+the+Smashers%2C+1856-1857%3A+Some+Private+Letters+of+Manners-Sutton&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=65-70&rft.date=1972&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30302439%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0044-5851&rft.aulast=Waite&rft.aufirst=Peter+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30302439&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J.M. Bumsted, “The Peoples of Canada: A Post-Confederation History, Third Edition, 260</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellamy2009" class="citation web cs1">Bellamy, Bellamy (May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202005023/http://www.canadashistory.ca/Magazine/Online-Extension/Articles/Beer-Wars">"Beer Wars"</a>. <i>Canada's History</i>. Canada's History Magazine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canadashistory.ca/Magazine/Online-Extension/Articles/Beer-Wars">the original</a> on 2 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canada%27s+History&rft.atitle=Beer+Wars&rft.date=2009-05&rft.aulast=Bellamy&rft.aufirst=Bellamy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canadashistory.ca%2FMagazine%2FOnline-Extension%2FArticles%2FBeer-Wars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J.M. Bumsted, “The Peoples of Canada: A Post-Confederation History, Third Edition,” 260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalleck2012" class="citation web cs1">Malleck, Dan (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books2.scholarsportal.info/viewdoc.html?id=614337">"Try to control yourself: the regulation of public drinking in post-prohibition Ontario, 1927-44 - Scholars Portal Books"</a>. <i>books2.scholarsportal.info</i>. p. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-06-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=books2.scholarsportal.info&rft.atitle=Try+to+control+yourself%3A+the+regulation+of+public+drinking+in+post-prohibition+Ontario%2C+1927-44+-+Scholars+Portal+Books&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Malleck&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks2.scholarsportal.info%2Fviewdoc.html%3Fid%3D614337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dan Malleck, “An Innovation from Across the Line: The American Drinker and Liquor Regulation in Two Ontario Border Communities, 1927-1944.” <i>Journal of Canadian Studies</i>, vol. 41, 1, Winter 2007, 153, 154, 157. Malleck, <i>Try to Control Yourself: The regulation of public drinking in post-prohibition Ontario 1927-1944</i> (Vancouver and Toronto: UBC Press, 2012)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellamy2012" class="citation web cs1">Bellamy, Matthew J. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.breweryhistory.com/journal/archive/132/Canadian_Prohibition.pdf">"The Canadian Brewing Industry's Response to Prohibition, 1874-1920"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Brewery History</i>. Journal of the Brewery History Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brewery+History&rft.atitle=The+Canadian+Brewing+Industry%27s+Response+to+Prohibition%2C+1874-1920&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Bellamy&rft.aufirst=Matthew+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.breweryhistory.com%2Fjournal%2Farchive%2F132%2FCanadian_Prohibition.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraig.2003" class="citation book cs1">Craig., Heron (2003). <i>Booze : a distilled history</i>. Toronto, Ont.: Between the Lines. p. 272. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1896357830" title="Special:BookSources/1896357830"><bdi>1896357830</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/54454765">54454765</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Booze+%3A+a+distilled+history&rft.place=Toronto%2C+Ont.&rft.pages=272&rft.pub=Between+the+Lines&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F54454765&rft.isbn=1896357830&rft.aulast=Craig.&rft.aufirst=Heron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Campbell, <i>Demon Rum or Easy Money</i> (Ottawa: Carleton University Press, 1991), 50-55; On the creation and management of public drinking in Vancouver, see, Robert Campbell, <i>Sit Down and Drink your Beer: Regulating Vancouver's Beer Parlours, 1925-54</i> (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bill-c311-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bill-c311_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610022807/http://www.edmontonjournal.com/business/vote+allow+transport+wine+across+provinces/6749419/story.html">"MPs vote to allow transport of wine across provinces"</a>. Postmedia News Service. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edmontonjournal.com/business/vote+allow+transport+wine+across+provinces/6749419/story.html">the original</a> on 10 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MPs+vote+to+allow+transport+of+wine+across+provinces&rft.pub=Postmedia+News+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedmontonjournal.com%2Fbusiness%2Fvote%2Ballow%2Btransport%2Bwine%2Bacross%2Bprovinces%2F6749419%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorozio2022" class="citation news cs1">Dorozio, Jennifer (April 1, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/raymond-alberta-prohibition-alcohol-1.6404684">"One of Alberta's last dry communities could soon see pours of alcohol"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=One+of+Alberta%27s+last+dry+communities+could+soon+see+pours+of+alcohol&rft.date=2022-04-01&rft.aulast=Dorozio&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fcalgary%2Fraymond-alberta-prohibition-alcohol-1.6404684&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2020" class="citation news cs1">Anderson, Drew (July 10, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/prohibition-southern-alberta-cardston-bill-two-1.5645285">"Alberta prohibition ended a century ago, except in one small area, where it ended just last month"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CanLII&rft.atitle=Unincorporated+Community+Liquor+Prohibition+%28Ross+River%29%2C+YOIC+1995%2F89&rft.date=2004-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcanlii.ca%2Ft%2Fkgr0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohibition_in_Canada&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1993" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Robert A. (1993). "9. 'Profit was just a circumstance': The Evolution of Government Liquor Control in British Columbia, 1920-1988". In <a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Krasnick_Warsh" title="Cheryl Krasnick Warsh">Warsh, Cheryl Lynn Krasnick</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5aVjeas3WMIC"><i>Drink in Canada: historical essays</i></a>. Montreal ; Buffalo: <a href="/wiki/McGill%E2%80%93Queen%27s_University_Press" title="McGill–Queen's University Press">McGill–Queen's University Press</a>. pp. 178–183. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-1125-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-1125-5"><bdi>978-0-7735-1125-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7zv1r">j.ctt7zv1r</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=9.+%27Profit+was+just+a+circumstance%27%3A+The+Evolution+of+Government+Liquor+Control+in+British+Columbia%2C+1920-1988&rft.btitle=Drink+in+Canada%3A+historical+essays&rft.place=Montreal+%3B+Buffalo&rft.pages=178-183&rft.pub=McGill%E2%80%93Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt7zv1r%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-1125-5&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5aVjeas3WMIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Anne_Cook" title="Sharon Anne Cook">Cook, Sharon A.</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IIrIH7VZhk4C"><i>Through sunshine and shadow: the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, evangelicalism, and reform in Ontario, 1874-1930</i></a>. McGill-Queen's studies in the history of religion. Montreal ; Buffalo: <a href="/wiki/McGill%E2%80%93Queen%27s_University_Press" title="McGill–Queen's University Press">McGill–Queen's University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-1305-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-1305-1"><bdi>978-0-7735-1305-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Through+sunshine+and+shadow%3A+the+Woman%27s+Christian+Temperance+Union%2C+evangelicalism%2C+and+reform+in+Ontario%2C+1874-1930&rft.place=Montreal+%3B+Buffalo&rft.series=McGill-Queen%27s+studies+in+the+history+of+religion&rft.pub=McGill%E2%80%93Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-1305-1&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Sharon+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIIrIH7VZhk4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook1995" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Anne_Cook" title="Sharon Anne Cook">Cook, Sharon Anne</a> (August 1995). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Sowing Seed for the Master': The Ontario WCTU and Evangelical Feminism 1874-1930". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Canadian_Studies" title="Journal of Canadian Studies">Journal of Canadian Studies</a></i>. <b>30</b> (3): 175–194. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2Fjcs.30.3.175">10.3138/jcs.30.3.175</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9495">0021-9495</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Canadian+Studies&rft.atitle=%27Sowing+Seed+for+the+Master%27%3A+The+Ontario+WCTU+and+Evangelical+Feminism+1874-1930&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=175-194&rft.date=1995-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2Fjcs.30.3.175&rft.issn=0021-9495&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Sharon+Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsh1988" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Harley_Marsh" title="James Harley Marsh">Marsh, James H.</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/prohibition">"Prohibition in Canada"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Encyclopedia" title="The Canadian Encyclopedia">The Canadian Encyclopedia</a></i> (2nd ed.). Edmonton (Alta.): <a href="/wiki/Hurtig_Publishers_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Hurtig Publishers Ltd.">Hurtig Publishers Ltd.</a> <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88830-326-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88830-326-4"><bdi>978-0-88830-326-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Prohibition+in+Canada&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Edmonton+%28Alta.%29&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Hurtig+Publishers+Ltd.&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-88830-326-4&rft.aulast=Marsh&rft.aufirst=James+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fprohibition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant1898" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Monro_Grant" title="George Monro Grant">Grant, George Monro</a> (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cihm_05122"><i>Principal Grant's letters on prohibition as they appeared in the Toronto daily </i>Globe<i>, December, 1897, January, 1898</i></a>. CIHM/ICMH collection de microfiches, no. 05122. S.l. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-665-05122-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-665-05122-7"><bdi>978-0-665-05122-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1083475006">1083475006</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principal+Grant%27s+letters+on+prohibition+as+they+appeared+in+the+Toronto+daily+Globe%2C+December%2C+1897%2C+January%2C+1898.&rft.place=S.l.&rft.series=CIHM%2FICMH+collection+de+microfiches%2C+no.+05122&rft.date=1898&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1083475006&rft.isbn=978-0-665-05122-7&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=George+Monro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcihm_05122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoel2004" class="citation book cs1">Noel, Jan (2004). "Temperance Movement". In Hallowell, Gerald (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195415599.001.0001/acref-9780195415599-e-1535"><i>The Oxford companion to Canadian history</i></a> (Nachdr. ed.). Don Mills, Ont.: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195415599.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780195415599.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-541559-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-541559-9"><bdi>978-0-19-541559-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Temperance+Movement&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+companion+to+Canadian+history&rft.place=Don+Mills%2C+Ont.&rft.edition=Nachdr.&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195415599.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-541559-9&rft.aulast=Noel&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195415599.001.0001%2Facref-9780195415599-e-1535&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarsh2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Krasnick_Warsh" title="Cheryl Krasnick Warsh">Warsh, Cheryl Krasnick</a> (2004). Hallowell, Gerald (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195415599.001.0001/acref-9780195415599-e-1285"><i>The Oxford companion to Canadian history</i></a> (Nachdr. ed.). Don Mills, Ont.: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195415599.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780195415599.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-541559-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-541559-9"><bdi>978-0-19-541559-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+companion+to+Canadian+history&rft.place=Don+Mills%2C+Ont.&rft.edition=Nachdr.&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195415599.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-541559-9&rft.aulast=Warsh&rft.aufirst=Cheryl+Krasnick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195415599.001.0001%2Facref-9780195415599-e-1285&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheehan1984" class="citation journal cs1">Sheehan, Nancy M. (Winter 1984). "National Pressure Groups and Provincial Curriculum Policy: Temperance in Nova Scotia Schools 1880-1930". <i>Canadian Journal of Education / Revue canadienne de l'éducation</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 73–88. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1494450">10.2307/1494450</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0380-2361">0380-2361</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1494450">1494450</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Education+%2F+Revue+canadienne+de+l%27%C3%A9ducation&rft.atitle=National+Pressure+Groups+and+Provincial+Curriculum+Policy%3A+Temperance+in+Nova+Scotia+Schools+1880-1930&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=73-88&rft.date=1984&rft.issn=0380-2361&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1494450%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1494450&rft.aulast=Sheehan&rft.aufirst=Nancy+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheehan1984" class="citation journal cs1">Sheehan, Nancy M. (Spring 1984). "The WCTU and Educational Strategies on the Canadian Prairie". <i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Education_Quarterly" title="History of Education Quarterly">History of Education Quarterly</a></i>. <b>24</b> (1): 101–119. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F367995">10.2307/367995</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-2680">0018-2680</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/367995">367995</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+of+Education+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+WCTU+and+Educational+Strategies+on+the+Canadian+Prairie&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=101-119&rft.date=1984&rft.issn=0018-2680&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F367995%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F367995&rft.aulast=Sheehan&rft.aufirst=Nancy+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheehan1980" class="citation journal cs1">Sheehan, Nancy M. (August 1980). "Temperance, Education and The WCTU in Alberta, 1905-1930". <i>The Journal of Educational Thought (JET) / Revue de la Pensée Éducative</i>. <b>14</b> (2): 108–124. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11575%2Fjet.v14i2.43872">10.11575/jet.v14i2.43872</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-0701">0022-0701</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23768682">23768682</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Educational+Thought+%28JET%29+%2F+Revue+de+la+Pens%C3%A9e+%C3%89ducative&rft.atitle=Temperance%2C+Education+and+The+WCTU+in+Alberta%2C+1905-1930&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=108-124&rft.date=1980-08&rft.issn=0022-0701&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23768682%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11575%2Fjet.v14i2.43872&rft.aulast=Sheehan&rft.aufirst=Nancy+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProhibition+in+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Alcohol_by_countries" title="Template:Alcohol by countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alcohol_by_countries" title="Template talk:Alcohol by countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alcohol_by_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alcohol by countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alcohol-related_topics_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">Alcohol</a>-related topics by country</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Alcohol_by_country" title="Category:Alcohol by country">Countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Afghanistan" title="Alcohol in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Australia" title="Alcohol in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Bangladesh" title="Alcohol in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Indonesia" title="Alcohol in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Iran" title="Alcohol in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Malaysia" title="Alcohol in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_New_Zealand" title="Alcohol in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Alcohol in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Somalia" title="Alcohol in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Sudan" title="Alcohol in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_consumption_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol consumption in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Drinking_culture" title="Drinking culture">Drinking culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_culture_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Drinking culture in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_culture_of_Korea" title="Drinking culture of Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_culture_of_the_Philippines" title="Drinking culture of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drinks" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic drinks">Alcoholic drinks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drinks_in_Canada" title="Alcoholic drinks in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drinks_in_China" title="Alcoholic drinks in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drinks_in_Sweden" title="Alcoholic drinks in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legal_drinking_age" title="Legal drinking age">Current</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_laws_of_Australia" title="Alcohol laws of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_laws_of_India" title="Alcohol laws of India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_prohibition_in_India" title="Alcohol prohibition in India">Prohibition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_laws_in_Germany" title="Alcohol laws in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_consumption_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol consumption in Russia">Alcohol consumption in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_licensing_laws_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Alcohol licensing laws of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_laws_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol laws of the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_consumption_by_youth_in_the_United_States" title="Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States">Alcohol consumption by youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol-related_traffic_crashes_in_the_United_States" title="Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States">Alcohol-related traffic crashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_on_caffeinated_alcoholic_drinks_in_the_United_States" title="Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States">Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_driving_in_the_United_States" title="Drunk driving in the United States">Drunk driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drinking_age_in_the_United_States" title="Legal drinking age in the United States">Legal drinking age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alcohol_laws_of_the_United_States" title="List of alcohol laws of the United States">List of alcohol laws in USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_open-container_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="United States open-container laws">Open-container laws</a></li></ul></li> <li>Beer classification <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_classification_in_Sweden_and_Finland" title="Beer classification in Sweden and Finland">Sweden and Finland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_Iceland" title="Prohibition in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_Russian_Empire_and_the_Soviet_Union" title="Prohibition in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_consumption_recommendations" title="Alcohol consumption recommendations">Alcohol consumption recommendations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Prohibition" title="Template:Prohibition">Prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_driving_law_by_country" title="Drunk driving law by country">Drunk driving law by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alcohol_prohibition" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prohibition" title="Template:Prohibition"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prohibition" title="Template talk:Prohibition"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prohibition" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prohibition"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alcohol_prohibition" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition">Alcohol prohibition</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_with_alcohol_prohibition" title="List of countries with alcohol prohibition">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Bangladesh" title="Alcohol in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition#Nordic_countries" title="Prohibition">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_Iceland" title="Prohibition in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_prohibition_in_India" title="Alcohol prohibition in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Iran" title="Alcohol in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_Russian_Empire_and_the_Soviet_Union" title="Prohibition in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union">Russia / Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">18th Amendment (U.S. Constitution)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution">21st Amendment (U.S. Constitution)</a></li> <li>Australian prohibition referendums <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1925_Western_Australian_prohibition_referendum" title="1925 Western Australian prohibition referendum">Western Australian, 1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_New_South_Wales_prohibition_referendum" title="1928 New South Wales prohibition referendum">New South Wales, 1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_Western_Australian_prohibition_referendum" title="1950 Western Australian prohibition referendum">Western Australian, 1950</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Mafia" title="American Mafia">American Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Temperance_Society" title="American Temperance Society">American Temperance Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Saloon_League" title="Anti-Saloon League">Anti-Saloon League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_Against_the_Prohibition_Amendment" title="Association Against the Prohibition Amendment">Association Against the Prohibition Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathtub_gin" title="Bathtub gin">Bathtub gin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaine_Act" title="Blaine Act">Blaine Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Prohibition" title="Bureau of Prohibition">Bureau of Prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cullen%E2%80%93Harrison_Act" title="Cullen–Harrison Act">Cullen–Harrison Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_county" title="Dry county">Dry county</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry_state" title="Dry state">Dry state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dry_communities_by_U.S._state" title="List of dry communities by U.S. state">List of dry communities by U.S. state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws#Intoxicants" title="Islamic dietary laws">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Age" title="Jazz Age">Jazz Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_option" title="Local option">Local option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicinal_Liquor_Prescriptions_Act_of_1933" title="Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933">Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Pitcher_Club" title="Molly Pitcher Club">Molly Pitcher Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonshine" title="Moonshine">Moonshine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-prohibitionism" title="Neo-prohibitionism">Neo-prohibitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nip_joint" title="Nip joint">Nip joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum-running" title="Rum-running">Rum-running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_Patrol" title="Rum Patrol">Rum Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_row" title="Rum row">Rum row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sly-grog_shop" title="Sly-grog shop">Sly-grog shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speakeasy" title="Speakeasy">Speakeasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_prohibition_referendum,_1922" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish prohibition referendum, 1922">Swedish prohibition referendum, 1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teetotalism" title="Teetotalism">Teetotalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">Temperance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(Scotland)_Act_1913" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperance (Scotland) Act 1913">Temperance (Scotland) Act 1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Alliance" title="United Kingdom Alliance">United Kingdom Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volstead_Act" title="Volstead Act">Volstead Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_Committee_of_Lawyers" title="Voluntary Committee of Lawyers">Voluntary Committee of Lawyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webb%E2%80%93Kenyon_Act" title="Webb–Kenyon Act">Webb–Kenyon Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickersham_Commission" title="Wickersham Commission">Wickersham Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis%E2%80%93Campbell_Act" title="Willis–Campbell Act">Willis–Campbell Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_Christian_Temperance_Union" title="Woman's Christian Temperance Union">Woman's Christian Temperance Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Meir_Allen" title="Martha Meir Allen">Martha Meir Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_J._Anslinger" title="Harry J. Anslinger">Harry J. Anslinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Holliday_Barker" title="Thomas Holliday Barker">Thomas Holliday Barker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Beecher" title="Lyman Beecher">Lyman Beecher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone">Al Capone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Duffy" title="Mickey Duffy">Mickey Duffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxey_Gordon" title="Waxey Gordon">Waxey Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Guinan" title="Texas Guinan">Texas Guinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hamer" title="Frank Hamer">Frank Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harvey_(Bible_Christian)" title="William Harvey (Bible Christian)">William Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Edgar_Hoover" title="J. Edgar Hoover">J. Edgar Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_N._Howard" title="Clinton N. Howard">Clinton N. Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumpy_Johnson" title="Bumpy Johnson">Bumpy Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_L._Johnson" title="Enoch L. Johnson">Enoch L. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Kerr" title="Norman Kerr">Norman Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyer_Lansky" title="Meyer Lansky">Meyer Lansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Richard_Lees" title="Frederic Richard Lees">Frederic Richard Lees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Luciano" title="Lucky Luciano">Lucky Luciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Maceo" title="Sam Maceo">Sam Maceo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owney_Madden" title="Owney Madden">Owney Madden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Malins" title="Joseph Malins">Joseph Malins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McCoy_(bootlegger)" class="mw-redirect" title="William McCoy (bootlegger)">William McCoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_Moore" title="J. Howard Moore">J. Howard Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugs_Moran" title="Bugs Moran">Bugs Moran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Nation" title="Carrie Nation">Carrie Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliot_Ness" title="Eliot Ness">Eliot Ness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Olmstead" title="Roy Olmstead">Roy Olmstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_LaMontages_brothers" title="The LaMontages brothers">The LaMontages brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lanzetta_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lanzetta Brothers">Lanzetta Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Purple_Gang" title="The Purple Gang">The Purple Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Remus" title="George Remus">George Remus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Rothstein" title="Arnold Rothstein">Arnold Rothstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Hyde_Russell" title="Howard Hyde Russell">Howard Hyde Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Schultz" title="Dutch Schultz">Dutch Schultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bywater_Smithies" title="Thomas Bywater Smithies">Thomas Bywater Smithies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_Thompson" title="Eliza Thompson">Eliza Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harvey_Thompson" title="William Harvey Thompson">William Harvey Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Volstead" title="Andrew Volstead">Andrew Volstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Wheeler" title="Wayne Wheeler">Wayne Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Willard" title="Frances Willard">Frances Willard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izzy_Einstein_and_Moe_Smith" title="Izzy Einstein and Moe Smith">Izzy Einstein and Moe Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Prohibition_Party_(UK)" title="National Prohibition Party (UK)">National Prohibition Party (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a> (USA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Prohibition_Party" title="Scottish Prohibition Party">Scottish Prohibition Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_(miniseries)" title="Prohibition (miniseries)"><i>Prohibition</i> (2011 documentary miniseries)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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