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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organisational_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Establishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Establishment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisational_growth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisational_growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Organisational growth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisational_growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Fabian_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Fabian_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Early Fabian views</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Fabian_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_generation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_generation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Second generation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_generation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 20th century subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Influence_on_Labour_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_on_Labour_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Influence on Labour government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_on_Labour_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_Fabianism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_Fabianism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Contemporary Fabianism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Contemporary_Fabianism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Contemporary Fabianism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_Fabianism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fabianism_outside_the_United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fabianism_outside_the_United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Fabianism outside the United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fabianism_outside_the_United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executive_committee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_committee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Executive committee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_committee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secretariat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secretariat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Secretariat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secretariat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fabian_Review" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fabian_Review"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Fabian Review</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fabian_Review-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Young_Fabians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Young_Fabians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Young Fabians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Young_Fabians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fabian_Women's_Network" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fabian_Women's_Network"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Fabian Women's Network</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fabian_Women's_Network-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_Fabians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_Fabians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Local Fabians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_Fabians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_on_the_political_right" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_on_the_political_right"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Influence on the political right</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_on_the_political_right-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critiques_of_the_Fabians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critiques_of_the_Fabians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Critiques of the Fabians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critiques_of_the_Fabians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Funding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fabian Society</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fabian Society" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الجمعية الفابية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجمعية الفابية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="ফ্যাবিয়ান সোসাইটি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্যাবিয়ান সোসাইটি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Фабианско общество – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фабианско общество" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societat_Fabiana" title="Societat Fabiana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Societat Fabiana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabi%C3%A1nsk%C3%A1_spole%C4%8Dnost" title="Fabiánská společnost – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fabiánská společnost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymdeithas_y_Ffabiaid" title="Cymdeithas y Ffabiaid – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cymdeithas y Ffabiaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fabian Society" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabianism" title="Fabianism – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Fabianism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociedad_Fabiana" title="Sociedad Fabiana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sociedad Fabiana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabia_Societo" title="Fabia Societo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fabia Societo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fabian Society" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="فابیانیسم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فابیانیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fabian Society" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociedade_Fabiana" title="Sociedade Fabiana – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sociedade Fabiana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%84%EC%96%B8_%ED%98%91%ED%9A%8C" title="페이비언 협회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페이비언 협회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="फ़ेबियन समाजवाद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ़ेबियन समाजवाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fabian Society" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabianesimo" title="Fabianesimo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fabianesimo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%92%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%91%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="האגודה הפביאנית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האגודה הפביאנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ფაბიანელთა საზოგადოება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფაბიანელთა საზოგადოება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabianizmas" title="Fabianizmas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fabianizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A1bi%C3%A1nus_T%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g" title="Fábiánus Társaság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fábiánus Társaság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الجمعيه الفابيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الجمعيه الفابيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fabian Society" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="फेबियन समाज – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="फेबियन समाज" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A" title="フェビアン協会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フェビアン協会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fabian Society" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fabian Society" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabianie" title="Fabianie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fabianie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociedade_Fabiana" title="Sociedade Fabiana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sociedade Fabiana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Фабианское общество – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фабианское общество" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabi%C3%A1nska_spolo%C4%8Dnos%C5%A5" title="Fabiánska spoločnosť – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fabiánska spoločnosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fabian Society" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabianerna" title="Fabianerna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fabianerna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="สมาคมเฟเบียน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สมาคมเฟเบียน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabian_Derne%C4%9Fi" title="Fabian Derneği – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fabian Derneği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Товариство Фабіана – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Товариство Фабіана" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86" title="فیبین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فیبین" data-language-autonym="اردو" 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searchaux" style="display:none">British socialist organisation founded in 1884</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other organisations known by the same name, see <a href="#Fabianism_outside_the_United_Kingdom">§ Fabianism outside the United Kingdom</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">The Fabian Society</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Fabian_Society_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Fabian_Society_logo.png/220px-Fabian_Society_logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Fabian_Society_logo.png/330px-Fabian_Society_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Fabian_Society_logo.png/440px-Fabian_Society_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1181" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">FS</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">4 January 1884<span class="noprint">; 140 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1884-01-04</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data">Unincorporated membership association</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">"To promote greater equality of power, wealth and opportunity; the value of collective action and public service; an accountable, tolerant and active democracy; citizenship, liberty and human rights; sustainable development; and multilateral international cooperation"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">London, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>61 <a href="/wiki/Petty_France,_London" title="Petty France, London">Petty France, London</a>, SW1H 9EU</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Membership </div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language </div></th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Interim General Secretary</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Luke Raikes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Chair</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Sonia Adesara</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Vice-Chairs</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Luke John Davies</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Treasurer</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Paul Richards</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main organ</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Executive Committee</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Young_Fabians" title="Young Fabians">Young Fabians</a>, Fabian Women's Network, Scottish Fabians, around 60 local Fabian Societies</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Foundation_for_European_Progressive_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foundation for European Progressive Studies (page does not exist)">Foundation for European Progressive Studies</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fabians.org.uk">fabians<wbr />.org<wbr />.uk</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism" title="Category:Socialism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#ED1F24; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:150%; font-weight:bold; color:black; line-height:1em;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom"><span style="color:white;">Socialism in<br />the United Kingdom</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" title="Red flag (politics)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/75px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/113px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/150px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Ideologies</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_socialism" title="Agrarian socialism">Agrarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Benn" title="Tony Benn">Bennism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_radical_tradition" title="Black radical tradition">Black radical tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartism" title="Chartism">Chartism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Political positions of Jeremy Corbyn">Corbynism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Eco-socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_socialism" title="Ethical socialism">Ethical socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Centrist_Marxism" title="Centrist Marxism">Centrist</a> · <a href="/wiki/Marxist_humanism" title="Marxist humanism">Humanist</a> · <a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a> · <a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owenism" title="Owenism">Owenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Republicanism in the United Kingdom">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">Revolutionary socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardian_socialism" title="Ricardian socialism">Ricardian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Principles</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_justice" title="Environmental justice">Environmental justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_equality" title="Social equality">Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_of_opportunity" class="mw-redirect" title="Equality of opportunity">Equality of opportunity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a> (factions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Fairness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom" title="Freedom">Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice" title="Justice">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace" title="Peace">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Europeanism" title="Pro-Europeanism">Pro-Europeanism</a> (factions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress" title="Progress">Progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_democracy" title="Radical democracy">Radical democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redistribution_of_income_and_wealth" title="Redistribution of income and wealth">Redistribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity" title="Solidarity">Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_intervention" class="mw-redirect" title="State intervention">State intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Intellectuals</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ali" title="Tariq Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Anderson" title="Perry Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Goodwyn_Barmby" title="John Goodwyn Barmby">Barmby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Berger" title="John Berger">Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Bhaskar" title="Roy Bhaskar">Bhaskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Blackburn" title="Robin Blackburn">Blackburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Blakeley" title="Grace Blakeley">Blakeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrix_Campbell" title="Beatrix Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carpenter" title="Edward Carpenter">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Cockshott" title="Paul Cockshott">Cockshott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._D._H._Cole" title="G. D. H. Cole">Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Dobb" title="Maurice Dobb">Dobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Eagleton" title="Terry Eagleton">Eagleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Fisher" title="Mark Fisher">Fisher (Mark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Gibson" title="Nigel Gibson">Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gilroy" title="Paul Gilroy">Gilroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gonzalez_(historian)" title="Mike Gonzalez (historian)">Gonzalez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hall_(economist)" title="Charles Hall (economist)">Hall (Charles)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Hall_(cultural_theorist)" title="Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)">Hall (Stuart)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._S._Haldane" title="J. B. S. Haldane">Haldane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Harvey" title="David Harvey">Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Hatherley" title="Owen Hatherley">Hatherley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hill_(historian)" title="Christopher Hill (historian)">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Hobsbawm" title="Eric Hobsbawm">Hobsbawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hodgskin" title="Thomas Hodgskin">Hodgskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Jessop" title="Bob Jessop">Jessop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Jones" title="Owen Jones">Jones (Owen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kingsley" title="Charles Kingsley">Kingsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Laski" title="Harold Laski">Laski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Loach" title="Ken Loach">Loach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_MacIntyre" title="Alasdair MacIntyre">MacIntyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mainwaring" title="Sam Mainwaring">Mainwaring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx (Karl)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Mi%C3%A9ville" title="China Miéville">Miéville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Miliband" title="Ralph Miliband">Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Monbiot" title="George Monbiot">Monbiot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">Orwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Rowbotham" title="Sheila Rowbotham">Rowbotham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Samuel" title="Raphael Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Seymour_(21st-century_writer)" title="Richard Seymour (21st-century writer)">Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambalavaner_Sivanandan" title="Ambalavaner Sivanandan">Sivanandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._H._Tawney" title="R. H. Tawney">Tawney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._P._Thompson" title="E. P. Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Thorn" title="Abigail Thorn">Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Ward" title="Colin Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Williams" title="Raymond Williams">Williams</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Works</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Kapital" title="Das Kapital">Das Kapital</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Communist_Manifesto" title="The Communist Manifesto">The Communist Manifesto</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/News_from_Nowhere" title="News from Nowhere">News from Nowhere</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ragged-Trousered_Philanthropists" title="The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists">The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lion_and_the_Unicorn:_Socialism_and_the_English_Genius" title="The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius">The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Future_of_Socialism" title="The Future of Socialism">The Future of Socialism</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Making_of_the_English_Working_Class" title="The Making of the English Working Class">The Making of the English Working Class</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Country_and_the_City" title="The Country and the City">The Country and the City</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ways_of_Seeing" title="Ways of Seeing">Ways of Seeing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Towards_a_New_Socialism" title="Towards a New Socialism">Towards a New Socialism</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_Realism_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitalist Realism (book)">Capitalist Realism</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Establishment:_And_How_They_Get_Away_with_It" title="The Establishment: And How They Get Away with It">The Establishment: And How They Get Away with It</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_left" title="British left">British left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="History of the Labour Party (UK)">History of the Labour Party (UK)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:British_socialists" title="Category:British socialists">Political figures</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Abbott" title="Diane Abbott">Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Benn" title="Tony Benn">Benn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Bevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Burgon" title="Richard Burgon">Burgon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Cliff" title="Tony Cliff">Cliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Crow" title="Bob Crow">Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fisher_(political_activist)" title="Andrew Fisher (political activist)">Fisher (Andrew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot (Michael)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Foot_(journalist)" title="Paul Foot (journalist)">Foot (Paul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fryer" title="Peter Fryer">Fryer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Gallacher_(politician)" title="Willie Gallacher (politician)">Gallacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Galloway" title="George Galloway">Galloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Hardie" title="Keir Hardie">Hardie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Julian_Harney" title="George Julian Harney">Harney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Healy" title="Gerry Healy">Healy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hyndman" title="Henry Hyndman">Hyndman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Inkpin" title="Albert Inkpin">Inkpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Jones" title="Claudia Jones">Jones (Claudia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Lawson" title="Neal Lawson">Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Livingstone" title="Ken Livingstone">Livingstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Long-Bailey" title="Rebecca Long-Bailey">Long-Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mick_Lynch_(trade_unionist)" title="Mick Lynch (trade unionist)">Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maclean_(Scottish_socialist)" title="John Maclean (Scottish socialist)">Maclean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Marx" title="Eleanor Marx">Marx (Eleanor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Maxton" title="James Maxton">Maxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Len_McCluskey" title="Len McCluskey">McCluskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McDonnell" title="John McDonnell">McDonnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Meltzer" title="Albert Meltzer">Meltzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Nellist" title="Dave Nellist">Nellist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Pankhurst" title="Sylvia Pankhurst">Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Pollitt" title="Harry Pollitt">Pollitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Scargill" title="Arthur Scargill">Scargill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Schneider" title="James Schneider">Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Skinner" title="Dennis Skinner">Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarah_Sultana" title="Zarah Sultana">Sultana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Taaffe" title="Peter Taaffe">Taaffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Tatchell" title="Peter Tatchell">Tatchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Waters" title="Roger Waters">Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Webb" title="Beatrice Webb">Webb (Beatrice)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Webb,_1st_Baron_Passfield" title="Sidney Webb, 1st Baron Passfield">Webb (Sidney)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrard_Winstanley" title="Gerrard Winstanley">Winstanley</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Parties</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">(<a href="/wiki/Category:Socialist_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Socialist parties in the United Kingdom">Current UK parties</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Defunct_socialist_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Defunct socialist parties in the United Kingdom">Defunct UK parties</a>) <p><i><b><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Party" title="Co-operative Party">Co-operative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party (UK)</a></li></ul> <p><i><b><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Party" title="Breakthrough Party">Breakthrough Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Unity_(UK)" title="Left Unity (UK)">Left Unity (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Socialist Labour Party (UK)">Socialist Labour Party (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Great_Britain" title="Socialist Party of Great Britain">Socialist Party GB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(England_and_Wales)" title="Socialist Party (England and Wales)">Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(UK)" title="Socialist Workers Party (UK)">Socialist Workers Party (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transform_(political_party)" title="Transform (political party)">Transform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_Unionist_and_Socialist_Coalition" title="Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition">TUSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_Britain" title="Workers Party of Britain">Workers Party of Britain</a></li></ul> <p><i><b><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Britain" title="Communist Party of Britain">Communist Party of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Britain_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist)">Communist Party Britain-ML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Great_Britain_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist–Leninist)">Communist Party GB-ML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Great_Britain_(Provisional_Central_Committee)" title="Communist Party of Great Britain (Provisional Central Committee)">Communist Party GB-PCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Communist_Party_of_Britain" title="New Communist Party of Britain">New Communist Party of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_Group_(UK)" title="Revolutionary Communist Group (UK)">RCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Appeal_(UK,_1992)" title="Socialist Appeal (UK, 1992)">Revolutionary Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_Party_of_Britain_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Revolutionary Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist)">RCPB-ML</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><i><b>Northern Ireland</b></i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People_Before_Profit" title="People Before Profit">People Before Profit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">Social Democratic and Labour Party</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Scotland</b></i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Labour" title="Scottish Labour">Scottish Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Socialist_Party" title="Scottish Socialist Party">Scottish Socialist Party</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Wales</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Labour" title="Welsh Labour">Welsh Labour</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Organisations</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Trade unions in the United Kingdom">UK Trade unions</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communication_Workers_Union_(United_Kingdom)" title="Communication Workers Union (United Kingdom)">CWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Workers%27_Union_of_Great_Britain" title="Independent Workers' Union of Great Britain">IWGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Congress_of_Trade_Unions" title="Irish Congress of Trade Unions">ICTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Mineworkers_(Great_Britain)" title="National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain)">NUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Trades_Union_Congress" title="Scottish Trades Union Congress">STUC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trades_Union_Congress" title="Trades Union Congress">TUC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wales_TUC" title="Wales TUC">Wales TUC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMT_(trade_union)" title="RMT (trade union)">RMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Union" title="Unite the Union">Unite the Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Voices_of_the_World" title="United Voices of the World">UVW</a></li></ul> <p><b>Other</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_Federation_(Britain)" title="Anarchist Federation (Britain)">Anarchist Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Public_Policy_Research" title="Institute for Public Policy Research">Institute for Public Policy Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Book_Club" title="Left Book Club">Left Book Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_(organisation)" title="Momentum (organisation)">Momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_Transformed" title="The World Transformed">The World Transformed</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Media</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Herald_(United_Kingdom)" title="Daily Herald (United Kingdom)">Daily Herald</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Morning_Star_(British_newspaper)" title="Morning Star (British newspaper)">Morning Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Left_Review" title="New Left Review">New Left Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Novara_Media" title="Novara Media">Novara Media</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Race_%26_Class" title="Race & Class">Race & Class</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Pepper_(magazine)" title="Red Pepper (magazine)">Red Pepper</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Worker" title="Socialist Worker">Socialist Worker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Socialist_(UK_newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Socialist (UK newspaper)">The Socialist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tribune_(magazine)" title="Tribune (magazine)">Tribune</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related topics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Anarchism in the United Kingdom">Anarchism in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Communism in the United Kingdom">Communism in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_left" title="Hard left">Hard left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_left" title="Soft left">Soft left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics in the United Kingdom">Politics in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Labour" title="New Labour">New Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miliband%E2%80%93Poulantzas_debate" title="Miliband–Poulantzas debate">Miliband–Poulantzas debate</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/16px-Red_flag_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/24px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/32px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="411" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Socialism" title="Portal:Socialism">Socialism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syndicalism.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/16px-Syndicalism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/24px-Syndicalism.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/32px-Syndicalism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="530" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Organised_labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Organised labour">Organised labour portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Socialism_in_the_UK" title="Template:Socialism in the UK"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Socialism_in_the_UK" title="Template talk:Socialism in the UK"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism_in_the_UK" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism in the UK"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Fabian Society</b> is a <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom">British socialist</a> organisation whose purpose is to advance the principles of <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">democratic socialism</a> via <a href="/wiki/Gradualist" class="mw-redirect" title="Gradualist">gradualist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reformist" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformist">reformist</a> effort in <a href="/wiki/Democracies" class="mw-redirect" title="Democracies">democracies</a>, rather than by <a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">revolutionary</a> overthrow.<sup id="cite_ref-gt76_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gt76-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Fabian Society was also historically related to some of the furthest left factions of <a href="/wiki/Radicalism_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radicalism (historical)">radicalism</a>, a left-wing liberal tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-radical1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-radical1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-radical2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-radical2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-radical3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-radical3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As one of the founding organisations of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Representation_Committee_(1900)" title="Labour Representation Committee (1900)">Labour Representation Committee</a> in 1900, and as an important influence upon the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> which grew from it, the Fabian Society has had a powerful influence on <a href="/wiki/British_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="British politics">British politics</a>. Members of the Fabian Society have included political leaders from other countries, such as <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>, who adopted Fabian principles as part of their own political ideologies. The Fabian Society founded the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a> in 1895. </p><p>Today, the society functions primarily as a <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tank</a> and is one of twenty <a href="/wiki/Socialist_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist societies">socialist societies</a> affiliated with the Labour Party. Similar societies exist in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisational_history">Organisational history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabian_Society&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Organisational history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment">Establishment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabian_Society&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Establishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fabian_Society_(5026519016).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Fabian_Society_%285026519016%29.jpg/220px-Fabian_Society_%285026519016%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Fabian_Society_%285026519016%29.jpg/330px-Fabian_Society_%285026519016%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Fabian_Society_%285026519016%29.jpg/440px-Fabian_Society_%285026519016%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">Blue plaque</a> at 17 Osnaburgh St, where the Society was founded in 1884</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_Podmore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Frank_Podmore.jpg/170px-Frank_Podmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Frank_Podmore.jpg/255px-Frank_Podmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Frank_Podmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption>The Fabian Society was named after "<a href="/wiki/Quintus_Fabius_Maximus_Verrucosus" title="Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus">Fabius the Delayer</a>" at the suggestion of <a href="/wiki/Frank_Podmore" title="Frank Podmore">Frank Podmore</a> (above).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fabian_Society_coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Fabian_Society_coat_of_arms.svg/150px-Fabian_Society_coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Fabian_Society_coat_of_arms.svg/225px-Fabian_Society_coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Fabian_Society_coat_of_arms.svg/300px-Fabian_Society_coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="365" /></a><figcaption>Wolf in Sheep's Clothing, the original coat of arms</figcaption></figure> <p>The Fabian Society was founded on 4 January 1884 in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> as an offshoot of a society founded a year earlier, called <a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_of_the_New_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fellowship of the New Life">The Fellowship of the New Life</a>, which had been a forebear of the British <a href="/wiki/Ethical_movement" title="Ethical movement">Ethical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">humanist</a> movements.<sup id="cite_ref-Pease_1916_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pease_1916-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early Fellowship members included the visionary Victorian elite, among them poets <a href="/wiki/Edward_Carpenter" title="Edward Carpenter">Edward Carpenter</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Davidson_(poet)" title="John Davidson (poet)">John Davidson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sexologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexologist">sexologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Havelock_Ellis" title="Havelock Ellis">Havelock Ellis</a>, and early socialist <a href="/wiki/Edward_R._Pease" title="Edward R. Pease">Edward R. Pease</a>. They wanted to transform society by setting an example of clean simplified living for others to follow. Some members also wanted to become politically involved to aid society's transformation; they set up a separate society, the Fabian Society. All members were free to attend both societies. The Fabian Society additionally advocated renewal of Western European Renaissance ideas and their promulgation throughout the world. </p><p>The Fellowship of the New Life was dissolved in 1899,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the Fabian Society grew to become a leading academic society in the United Kingdom in the <a href="/wiki/Edwardian_era" title="Edwardian era">Edwardian era</a>. It was typified by the members of its vanguard <a href="/wiki/Coefficients_(dining_club)" title="Coefficients (dining club)">Coefficients club</a>. Public meetings of the Society were for many years held at <a href="/wiki/Essex_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Essex Hall">Essex Hall</a>, a popular location just off <a href="/wiki/Strand,_London" title="Strand, London">the Strand</a> in central London.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Fabian Society was named—at the suggestion of <a href="/wiki/Frank_Podmore" title="Frank Podmore">Frank Podmore</a>—in honour of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman</a> general <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Fabius_Maximus_Verrucosus" title="Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus">Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus</a> (nicknamed <i>Cunctator</i>, meaning the "Delayer").<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His <a href="/wiki/Fabian_strategy" title="Fabian strategy">Fabian strategy</a> sought gradual victory against the superior <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthaginian</a> army under the renowned general <a href="/wiki/Hannibal" title="Hannibal">Hannibal</a> through persistence, harassment, and wearing the enemy down by attrition rather than pitched, climactic battles.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p> An explanatory note appearing on the title page of the group's first pamphlet declared:</p><blockquote><p>For the right moment you must wait, as Fabius did most patiently when warring against Hannibal, though many censured his delays; but when the time comes you must strike hard, as Fabius did, or your waiting will be in vain, and fruitless.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>According to author <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jon_B._Perdue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jon B. Perdue (page does not exist)">Jon Perdue</a>, "The logo of the Fabian Society, a tortoise, represented the group's predilection for a slow, imperceptible transition to socialism, while its coat of arms, a 'wolf in sheep's clothing', represented its preferred methodology for achieving its goal."<sup id="cite_ref-radical1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-radical1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wolf in sheep's clothing symbolism was later abandoned, due to its obvious negative connotations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Its nine founding members were <a href="/wiki/Frank_Podmore" title="Frank Podmore">Frank Podmore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_R._Pease" title="Edward R. Pease">Edward R. Pease</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Clarke_(Fabian)" title="William Clarke (Fabian)">William Clarke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Bland" title="Hubert Bland">Hubert Bland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-McBriar_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McBriar-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Percival_Chubb" title="Percival Chubb">Percival Chubb</a>, Frederick Keddell,<sup id="cite_ref-Story_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Story-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/H._H._Champion" class="mw-redirect" title="H. H. Champion">H. H. Champion</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Pease_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pease-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Edith_Nesbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Edith Nesbit">Edith Nesbit</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-radical2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-radical2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Rosamund Dale Owen.<sup id="cite_ref-Story_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Story-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McBriar_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McBriar-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Havelock Ellis is sometimes also mentioned as a tenth founding member though there is some question about this.<sup id="cite_ref-Story_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Story-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organisational_growth">Organisational growth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabian_Society&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Organisational growth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Immediately upon its inception, the Fabian Society began attracting many prominent contemporary figures drawn to its socialist cause, including <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annie_Besant" title="Annie Besant">Annie Besant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graham_Wallas" title="Graham Wallas">Graham Wallas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Marson" title="Charles Marson">Charles Marson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Olivier" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney Olivier">Sydney Olivier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Lodge" title="Oliver Lodge">Oliver Lodge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Emmeline_Pankhurst" title="Emmeline Pankhurst">Emmeline Pankhurst</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a> briefly became a member, but resigned after he expressed his belief that the Society's principle of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/entente" class="extiw" title="wikt:entente">entente</a> (in this case, between countries allying themselves against Germany) could lead to war. </p><p>At the core of the Fabian Society were <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Webb" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidney Webb">Sidney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Webb" title="Beatrice Webb">Beatrice Webb</a>. Together, they wrote numerous studies<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of industrial Britain, including alternative <a href="/wiki/Co-operative_economics" title="Co-operative economics">co-operative economics</a> that applied to ownership of <a href="/wiki/Capital_(economics)" title="Capital (economics)">capital</a> as well as land.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Many Fabians participated in the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Representation_Committee_(1900)" title="Labour Representation Committee (1900)">Labour Representation Committee</a> in 1900 and the group's constitution, written by Sidney Webb, borrowed heavily from the founding documents of the Fabian Society. At the meeting that founded the Labour Representation Committee in 1900, the Fabian Society claimed 861 members and sent one delegate.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The years 1903 to 1908 saw a growth in popular interest in the socialist idea in Great Britain, and the Fabian Society grew accordingly, tripling its membership to nearly 2500 by the end of the period, half of whom were located in London.<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan63_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan63-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1912, a student section was organised called the <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Socialist_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University Socialist Federation (page does not exist)">University Socialist Federation</a> (USF) and by the outbreak of World War I in 1914 this contingent counted its own membership of more than 500.<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan63_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan63-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Fabian_views">Early Fabian views</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabian_Society&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early Fabian views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first Fabian Society pamphlets<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> advocating tenets of <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a> coincided with the <a href="/wiki/Zeitgeist" title="Zeitgeist">zeitgeist</a> of <a href="/wiki/Liberal_reforms" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal reforms">Liberal reforms</a> during the early 1900s. This includes <a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">eugenics</a>, but eugenics was a common view for the time.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Fabian proposals however were considerably more progressive than those that were enacted in the Liberal reform legislation. The Fabians lobbied for the introduction of a <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage" title="Minimum wage">minimum wage</a> in 1906, for the creation of a <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">universal health care</a> system in 1911 and for the abolition of <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_peers" class="mw-redirect" title="Hereditary peers">hereditary peerages</a> in 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Harben" title="Agnes Harben">Agnes Harben</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Devenish_Harben" title="Henry Devenish Harben">Henry Devenish Harben</a> were among Fabians advocating women's emancipation and supporting <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">suffrage</a> movements in Britain, and internationally.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fabian socialists were in favour of reforming the foreign policy of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> as a conduit for <a href="/wiki/Liberal_internationalism" title="Liberal internationalism">internationalist reform</a> and were in favour of a <a href="/wiki/Welfare_capitalism" title="Welfare capitalism">capitalist welfare state</a> modelled on the <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck#Bismarck's_social_legislation" title="Otto von Bismarck">Bismarckian</a> German model; they criticised <a href="/wiki/Gladstonian_liberalism" title="Gladstonian liberalism">Gladstonian liberalism</a> both for its individualism at home and its internationalism abroad. They favoured a national <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage" title="Minimum wage">minimum wage</a> in order to stop British industries compensating for their inefficiency by lowering wages instead of investing in capital equipment; slum clearances and a health service in order for "the breeding of even a moderately Imperial race" which would be more productive and better militarily than the "stunted, anaemic, demoralised denizens ... of our great cities"; and a national education system because "it is in the classrooms ... that the future battles of the Empire for commercial prosperity are already being lost".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1900 the Society produced <i>Fabianism and the Empire</i>, the first statement of its views on foreign affairs, drafted by Bernard Shaw and incorporating the suggestions of 150 Fabian members. It was directed against the liberal individualism of those such as <a href="/wiki/John_Morley" title="John Morley">John Morley</a> and Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Vernon_Harcourt_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Vernon Harcourt (politician)">William Harcourt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Semmel,_p._61_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Semmel,_p._61-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It claimed that the classical liberal political economy was outdated, and that imperialism was the new stage of the international polity. The question was whether Britain would be the centre of a world empire or whether it would lose its colonies and end up as just two islands in the North Atlantic. It expressed support for Britain in the <a href="/wiki/Boer_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Boer War">Boer War</a> because small nations, such as the <a href="/wiki/Boers" title="Boers">Boers</a>, were anachronisms in the age of empires.<sup id="cite_ref-Semmel,_p._61_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Semmel,_p._61-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In order to hold onto the Empire, the British needed to fully exploit the trade opportunities secured by war; maintain the British armed forces in a high state of readiness to defend the Empire; the creation of a citizen army to replace the professional army; the <a href="/wiki/Factory_Acts" title="Factory Acts">Factory Acts</a> would be amended to extend to 21 the age for half-time employment, so that the thirty hours gained would be used in "a combination of physical exercises, technical education, education in civil citizenship ... and field training in the use of modern weapons".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Fabians also favoured the nationalisation of land rent, believing that rents collected by landowners in respect of their land's value were unearned, an idea which drew heavily from the work of American economist <a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">Henry George</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_generation">Second generation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabian_Society&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Second generation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the period between the two World Wars, the "Second Generation" Fabians, including the writers <a href="/wiki/R._H._Tawney" title="R. H. Tawney">R. H. Tawney</a>, <a href="/wiki/G._D._H._Cole" title="G. D. H. Cole">G. D. H. Cole</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Laski" title="Harold Laski">Harold Laski</a>, continued to be a major influence on <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> thought. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1023981488">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .rquote{width:auto!important;float:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote rquote" style="float: right; width: 33%;"><p>But the general idea is that each man should have power according to his knowledge and capacity. [...] And the keynote is that of my fairy State: From every man according to his capacity; to every man according to his needs. A democratic Socialism, controlled by majority votes, guided by numbers, can never succeed; a truly aristocratic Socialism, controlled by duty, guided by wisdom, is the next step upwards in civilisation.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Annie Besant, a Fabian Society member and later president of Indian National Congress</cite></div></blockquote> <p>It was at this time that many of the future leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Third_World" title="Third World">Third World</a> were exposed to Fabian thought, most notably India's <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>, who subsequently framed economic policy for India on Fabian socialism lines. After independence from Britain, Nehru's Fabian ideas committed India to an economy in which the state owned, operated and controlled means of production, in particular key heavy industrial sectors such as steel, telecommunications, transportation, electricity generation, mining and real estate development. Private activity, property rights and entrepreneurship were discouraged or regulated through permits, nationalisation of economic activity and high taxes were encouraged, rationing, control of individual choices and <a href="/wiki/Mahalanobis_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahalanobis model">Mahalanobis model</a> considered by Nehru as a means to implement the Fabian Society version of socialism.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to Nehru, several pre-independence leaders in colonial India such as <a href="/wiki/Annie_Besant" title="Annie Besant">Annie Besant</a>—Nehru's mentor and later a president of <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> – were members of the Fabian Society.<sup id="cite_ref-radical3_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-radical3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Obafemi_Awolowo" title="Obafemi Awolowo">Obafemi Awolowo</a>, who later became the <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">premier</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>'s now defunct <a href="/wiki/Western_State_(Nigeria)" title="Western State (Nigeria)">Western Region</a>, was also a Fabian member in the late 1940s. It was the Fabian ideology that Awolowo used to run the Western Region during his premiership with great success, although he was prevented from using it in a similar fashion on the national level in Nigeria.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is less known that the founder of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, was an avid member of the Fabian Society in the early 1930s. <a href="/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Prime Minister of Singapore">Prime Minister</a> of <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, stated in his memoirs that his initial political philosophy was strongly influenced by the Fabian Society. However, he later altered his views, considering the Fabian ideal of socialism as impractical.<sup id="cite_ref-mb1_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mb1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1993, Lee said: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>They [Fabian Socialists] were going to create a just society for the British workers—the beginning of a welfare state, cheap council housing, free medicine and dental treatment, free spectacles, generous unemployment benefits. Of course, for students from the colonies, like <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">Malaya</a>, it was a great attraction as the alternative to communism. We did not see until the 1970s that that was the beginning of big problems contributing to the inevitable decline of the British economy.<sup id="cite_ref-mb1_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mb1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, the theories of Fabian Society intellectual movement of early 20th-century Britain inspired the <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba'athist">Ba'athist</a> vision. The Middle East adaptation of Fabian socialism led the state to control big industry, transport, banks, internal and external trade. The state would direct the course of economic development, with the ultimate aim to provide a guaranteed minimum standard of living for all.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Michel_Aflaq" title="Michel Aflaq">Michel Aflaq</a>, widely considered as the founder of the Ba'athist movement, was a Fabian socialist. Aflaq's ideas, with those of <a href="/wiki/Salah_al-Din_al-Bitar" title="Salah al-Din al-Bitar">Salah al-Din al-Bitar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zaki_al-Arsuzi" title="Zaki al-Arsuzi">Zaki al-Arsuzi</a>, came to fruition in the Arab world in the form of dictatorial regimes in <a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Iraqi-led_faction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-led faction)">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-led_faction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba'ath Party (Syrian-led faction)">Syria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Salama_Moussa" title="Salama Moussa">Salāmah Mūsā</a> of Egypt, another prominent champion of Arab Socialism, was a keen adherent of Fabian Society, and a member since 1909.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1940, the Fabian Society established the Fabian Colonial Bureau to facilitate research and debate British colonial policy.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Fabian Colonial Bureau strongly influenced the colonial policies of the <a href="/wiki/Attlee_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Attlee government">Attlee government</a> (1945–51).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rita_Hinden" title="Rita Hinden">Rita Hinden</a> founded the colonial bureau and was its secretary.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fabian academics of the late 20th century included the political scientist Sir <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Crick" title="Bernard Crick">Bernard Crick</a>, the economists <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Balogh" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Balogh">Thomas Balogh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Kaldor" title="Nicholas Kaldor">Nicholas Kaldor</a>, and the sociologist <a href="/wiki/Peter_Townsend_(sociologist)" title="Peter Townsend (sociologist)">Peter Townsend</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="20th_century">20th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabian_Society&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 20th century the group was always influential in Labour Party circles, with members including <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Crosland" title="Anthony Crosland">Anthony Crosland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Dalton" title="Hugh Dalton">Hugh Dalton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Crossman" title="Richard Crossman">Richard Crossman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Mikardo" title="Ian Mikardo">Ian Mikardo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Benn" title="Tony Benn">Tony Benn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a>, and more recently <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Williams" title="Shirley Williams">Shirley Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Marsden" title="Gordon Marsden">Gordon Marsden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ed_Balls" title="Ed Balls">Ed Balls</a>. 229 members of the Society were elected to Parliament at the <a href="/wiki/1945_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1945 United Kingdom general election">1945 general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ben_Pimlott" title="Ben Pimlott">Ben Pimlott</a> served as its chairman in the 1990s. (A Pimlott Prize for Political Writing was organised in his memory by the Fabian Society and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> in 2005 and continues annually.) The Society is affiliated to the Party as a <a href="/wiki/Socialist_society_(Labour_Party)" title="Socialist society (Labour Party)">socialist society</a>. In recent years the <a href="/wiki/Young_Fabians" title="Young Fabians">Young Fabian group</a>, founded in 1960, has become an important networking and discussion organisation for younger (under 31) <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> activists and played a role in the 1994 election of <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> as Labour Leader. Today there is also an active Fabian Women's Network and Scottish and Welsh Fabian groups. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence_on_Labour_government">Influence on Labour government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabian_Society&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Influence on Labour government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the election of a Labour Party <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Tony_Blair" title="Premiership of Tony Blair">government in 1997</a>, the Fabian Society was a forum for <a href="/wiki/New_Labour" title="New Labour">New Labour</a> ideas and for critical approaches from across the party.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most significant Fabian contribution to Labour's policy agenda in government was <a href="/wiki/Ed_Balls" title="Ed Balls">Ed Balls</a>'s 1992 discussion paper, advocating <a href="/wiki/Monetary_Policy_Committee_(United_Kingdom)" title="Monetary Policy Committee (United Kingdom)">Bank of England independence</a>. Balls had been a <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i> journalist when he wrote this Fabian pamphlet, before going to work for Gordon Brown. Former BBC Business Editor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Peston" title="Robert Peston">Robert Peston</a>, in his book <i>Brown's Britain</i>, calls this an "essential tract" and concludes that Balls "deserves as much credit – probably more – than anyone else for the creation of the modern Bank of England";<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/William_Keegan" title="William Keegan">William Keegan</a> offered a similar analysis of Balls's Fabian pamphlet in his book on Labour's economic policy,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which traces in detail the path leading up to this dramatic policy change after Labour's first week in office. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_Fabianism">Contemporary Fabianism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabian_Society&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Contemporary Fabianism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 21 April 2009, the Society's website stated that it had 6,286 members: "Fabian national membership now stands at a 35 year high: it is over 20% higher than when the Labour Party came to office in May 1997. It is now double what it was when Clement Attlee left office in 1951."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The latest edition of the <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (a reference work listing details of famous or significant <a href="/wiki/Britons" class="mw-redirect" title="Britons">Britons</a> throughout history) includes 174 Fabians. Four Fabians, <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Webb" title="Beatrice Webb">Beatrice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Webb" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidney Webb">Sidney Webb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graham_Wallas" title="Graham Wallas">Graham Wallas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a>, founded the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a> with the money left to the Fabian Society by Henry Hutchinson. Supposedly the decision was made at a breakfast party on 4 August 1894. The founders are depicted in the <a href="/wiki/Fabian_Window" title="Fabian Window">Fabian Window</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> designed by <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a>. The window was stolen in 1978 and reappeared at <a href="/wiki/Sotheby%27s" title="Sotheby's">Sotheby's</a> in 2005. It was restored to display in the Shaw Library at the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a> in 2006 at a ceremony over which <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> presided.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2016, the Fabian Society had about 7,000 members.<sup id="cite_ref-annualrep-2016_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-annualrep-2016-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2019 it had 7,136 individual members.<sup id="cite_ref-annualrep-2019_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-annualrep-2019-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Fabian Society Tax Commission of 2000 was widely credited<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with influencing the Labour government's policy and political strategy for its one significant public tax increase: the <a href="/wiki/National_Insurance" title="National Insurance">National Insurance</a> rise to raise £8 billion for <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a> spending. (The Fabian Commission had in fact called for a directly <a href="/wiki/Hypothecation_(taxation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypothecation (taxation)">hypothecated</a> "NHS tax"<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to cover the full cost of NHS spending, arguing that linking taxation more directly to spending was essential to make tax rise publicly acceptable. The 2001 National Insurance rise was not formally hypothecated, but the government committed itself to using the additional funds for health spending.) Several other recommendations, including a new top rate of income tax, were to the left of government policy and not accepted, though this comprehensive review of <a href="/wiki/UK_taxation" class="mw-redirect" title="UK taxation">UK taxation</a> was influential in economic policy and political circles, and a new top rate of income tax of 50% was introduced in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 2017, Fabian general secretary Andrew Harrop produced a report<sup id="cite_ref-fabian-20170103_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fabian-20170103-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> arguing the only feasible route for Labour to return to government would be to work with the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a>. The report predicted Labour would win fewer than 150 seats in the <a href="/wiki/2017_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2017 United Kingdom general election">2017 United Kingdom general election</a>, the lowest number since 1935, due to <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a>, lack of <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Labour_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Labour Party">support in Scotland</a>, and Labour leader <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a>'s unpopularity, although in the event the party won 262.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-20170102_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-20170102-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reuters-20170103_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-20170103-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fabianism_outside_the_United_Kingdom">Fabianism outside the United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabian_Society&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fabianism outside the United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The major influence on the Labour Party and on the English-speaking socialist movement worldwide, has meant that Fabianism became one of the main inspirations of international social democracy. </p><p>In February 1895, an American Fabian Society was established in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> by <a href="/wiki/W._D._P._Bliss" class="mw-redirect" title="W. D. P. Bliss">W. D. P. Bliss</a>, a prominent <a href="/wiki/Christian_socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian socialist">Christian socialist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bliss_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bliss-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group published a periodical, <i>The American Fabian</i>, and issued a small series of pamphlets.<sup id="cite_ref-Bliss_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bliss-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around the same time a parallel organisation emerged on the Pacific coast, centred in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, under the influence of socialist activist <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Gronlund" title="Laurence Gronlund">Laurence Gronlund</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bliss_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bliss-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American Fabianism lasted for less than a decade.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similar non-UK societies include the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Fabian_Society" title="Australian Fabian Society">Australian Fabian Society</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Douglas%E2%80%93Coldwell_Foundation" title="Douglas–Coldwell Foundation">Douglas–Coldwell Foundation</a> and the now-disbanded <a href="/wiki/League_for_Social_Reconstruction" title="League for Social Reconstruction">League for Social Reconstruction</a> in Canada, and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fabians.org.nz/">NZ Fabian Society</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. </p><p>Direct or indirect Fabian influence may also be seen in the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_socialism" title="Liberal socialism">liberal socialism</a> of <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rosselli" title="Carlo Rosselli">Carlo Rosselli</a> (founder, with his brother <a href="/wiki/Nello_Rosselli" title="Nello Rosselli">Nello</a>, of the anti-fascist group <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Giustizia_e_Libert%C3%A0" title="Giustizia e Libertà">Giustizia e Libertà</a></i></span>) and all its derivatives such as the <a href="/wiki/Action_Party_(Italy)" title="Action Party (Italy)">Action Party</a> in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Community_Movement" title="Community Movement">Community Movement</a>, created by the socialist entrepreneur <a href="/wiki/Adriano_Olivetti" title="Adriano Olivetti">Adriano Olivetti</a>, was then the only Italian party which referred explicitly to Fabianism, among his main inspirations along with federalism, social liberalism, fighting <a href="/wiki/Partitocracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Partitocracy">partitocracy</a> and social democracy.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2000, the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fabiana.it">Sicilian Fabian Society</a> was founded in <a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabian_Society&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Fabian+Society%22">"Fabian Society"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Fabian+Society%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Fabian+Society%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Fabian+Society%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Fabian+Society%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Fabian+Society%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>It is written into the rules of the society that it has no policies. All the publications carry a disclaimer saying that they do not represent the collective views of the society but only the views of the authors. "No resolution of a political character expressing an opinion or calling for action, other than in relation to the running of the Society itself, shall be put forward in the name of the Society."<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_committee">Executive committee</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabian_Society&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Executive committee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Fabian Society is governed by an elected executive committee. The committee consists of 10 ordinary members elected from a national list, three members nationally elected from a list nominated by local groups, representatives from the Young Fabians, Fabians Women's Network and Scottish and Welsh Fabians. There is also one staff representative and a directly elected honorary treasurer from the membership. Elections are held every other year, with the exception of the Young Fabians and staff representation which are elected annually. The committee meets quarterly and elect a chair and at least one vice-chair annually to conduct its business. The current chair of the Fabian Society is Martin Edobor.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secretariat">Secretariat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabian_Society&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Secretariat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Fabian Society has a number of employees based in their headquarters in London. The secretariat is led by a general secretary, who is the organisation's CEO. The staff are arranged into departments including Research, Editorial, Events, and Operations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fabian_Review">Fabian Review</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabian_Society&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Fabian Review"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Fabian Society publishes the <i>Fabian Review</i>, a quarterly magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Young_Fabians">Young Fabians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabian_Society&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Young Fabians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Young_Fabians" title="Young Fabians">Young Fabians</a></div> <p>Since 1960, members aged under 31 years of age are also members of the Young Fabians. This group has its own elected Chair, executive committee and sub-groups. The Young Fabians are a voluntary organisation that serves as an incubator for member-led activities such as policy and social events, pamphlets and delegations. Within the group are five special interest communities called Networks that are run by voluntary steering groups and elect their own Chair and officers. The current Networks are Economy & Finance, Health, International Affairs, Education, Communications (Industry), Environment, Tech, Devolution & Local Government, Law, and Arts & Culture.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also publishes the quarterly magazine <i>Anticipations</i>. </p><p>In 2023, the Fabian Society suspended all Young Fabians face-to-face activities following its non-public review of culture and practice.<sup id="cite_ref-labourlist-20231023_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-labourlist-20231023-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2024, Young Fabians was relaunched with under-18s barred from membership, and the upper age limit reduced from 30 to 27. Young Fabians will also be led by two co-chairs, at least one being a women, with member complaints directly handled by the Fabian Society.<sup id="cite_ref-labourlist-20240331_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-labourlist-20240331-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fabian_Women's_Network"><span id="Fabian_Women.27s_Network"></span>Fabian Women's Network</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabian_Society&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Fabian Women's Network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All female members of the Fabian Society are also members of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabian_Women%27s_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fabian Women's Network (page does not exist)">Fabian Women's Network</a>. This group has its own elected Chair and Executive Committee which organises conferences and events and works with the wider political movement to secure increased representation for women in politics and public life. It has a flagship mentoring programme that recruits on an annual basis, and its president is <a href="/wiki/Seema_Malhotra" title="Seema Malhotra">Seema Malhotra</a>, a Labour Party and Co-operative MP. The Network also publishes the quarterly magazine, <i>Fabiana</i>, runs a range of public speaking events, works closely in partnership with a range of women's campaigning organisations and regularly hosts a fringe at the Labour Party conference. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_Fabians">Local Fabians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabian_Society&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Local Fabians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are 45 <a href="/wiki/Local_Fabian_societies" title="Local Fabian societies">local Fabian societies</a> across the UK, bringing Fabian debates to communities around the country. Some, such as <a href="/wiki/Bournemouth" title="Bournemouth">Bournemouth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, have long histories, dating from the 1890s,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though most have waxed and waned over the years. The Fabian local societies were given a major boost during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> when re-founded by G. D. H. Cole and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Cole" title="Margaret Cole">Margaret Cole</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who noted renewed interest in socialism and that wartime evacuation created chances for Fabians to strengthen influence outside London.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many local societies are affiliated to their local constituency Labour Party and have their own executive bodies. These local branches are affiliated to the national Fabians and local members have the same voting rights as their national counterparts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence_on_the_political_right">Influence on the political right</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabian_Society&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Influence on the political right"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When founded in 1884 as a <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">parliamentarian</a> organisation, there was no leftist party with which the Fabians could connect. As such, they initially attempted to 'permeate' the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberals</a>, with some success. The foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> in 1900 signalled a change in tactics,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although Fabian-Liberal links on specific topics such as welfare reform lasted well into the interwar period.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More recent studies have examined their impact on the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservatives</a>, such as the foundation of <a href="/wiki/Ashridge_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashridge College">Ashridge College</a>, explicitly designed in the 1930s to create Conservative Fabians.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critiques_of_the_Fabians">Critiques of the Fabians</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabian_Society&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Critiques of the Fabians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As one of the world's oldest and most prominent think tanks, the Fabians have sometimes fallen under attack, more often from the left than the right. Most older critiques focused on the Fabians' political organisation efforts and claims to have been influential. Although <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a> was a member of the Fabian Society from 1903 to 1908, he was a critic of its operations, particularly in his 1905 paper "The Faults of the Fabian", in which he claimed the Society was a middle-class talking shop.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later parodied the society in his 1910 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Machiavelli" title="The New Machiavelli">The New Machiavelli</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the First World War, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a> wrote that the Fabians were "social-chauvinists", "undoubtedly the most consummate expression of opportunism and of Liberal-Labour policy". Drawing from <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a>, Lenin declared the Fabians were "a gang of bourgeois rogues who would demoralise the workers, influence them in a counter-revolutionary spirit".<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1920s, <a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a> critiqued the Fabian Society as provincial, boring, and unnecessary, particularly to the working class. He wrote that their published works "serve merely to explain to the Fabians themselves why Fabianism exists in the world".<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The post-war <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_Historians_Group" title="Communist Party Historians Group">Communist Party Historians Group</a> was critical of the Fabians, and indeed the <a href="/wiki/Post-war_consensus" title="Post-war consensus">post-war consensus</a>, with its strong social-democratic influence. The Marxist historian <a href="/wiki/Eric_Hobsbawm" title="Eric Hobsbawm">Eric Hobsbawm</a> wrote his PhD thesis attacking claims from the early Fabians to have been originators of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> and the post-war consensus. Instead, he argued that the credit should be given to the more autonomous, working-class <a href="/wiki/Independent_Labour_Party" title="Independent Labour Party">Independent Labour Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In more recent years, critiques of the early Fabians have focused on other areas. In an article published in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> on 14 February 2008 (following the apology offered by Australian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd">Kevin Rudd</a> to the "<a href="/wiki/Stolen_generations" class="mw-redirect" title="Stolen generations">stolen generations</a>"), <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Robertson" title="Geoffrey Robertson">Geoffrey Robertson</a> criticised Fabian socialists for providing the intellectual justification for the eugenics policy that led to the stolen generations scandal.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar claims have been repeated in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, making a speech in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/British_MP" class="mw-redirect" title="British MP">British MP</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Galloway" title="George Galloway">George Galloway</a> (then MP for <a href="/wiki/Bethnal_Green_and_Bow_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bethnal Green and Bow (UK Parliament constituency)">Bethnal Green and Bow</a>, most recently MP for <a href="/wiki/Rochdale_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Rochdale (UK Parliament constituency)">Rochdale</a>) denounced the Fabian Society for its failure to support the <a href="/wiki/1916_Easter_rising" class="mw-redirect" title="1916 Easter rising">uprising of Easter 1916</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> during which an <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republic" title="Irish Republic">Irish Republic</a> was proclaimed.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funding">Funding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabian_Society&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Funding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Fabian Society has been rated as "broadly transparent" in its funding by <a href="/wiki/Transparify" title="Transparify">Transparify</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 2022, the funding transparency website <a href="/wiki/Who_Funds_You%3F" title="Who Funds You?">Who Funds You?</a> gave the Fabian Society an A grade, the highest transparency rating (rating goes from A to E).<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabian_Society&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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Hardie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Research_Department" title="Labour Research Department">Labour Research Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Fabian_Tracts_to_1915" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Fabian Tracts to 1915">List of Fabian Tracts to 1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_think_tanks_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of think tanks in the United Kingdom">List of think tanks in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Age" title="The New Age">The New Age</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabian_Society&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gt76-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gt76_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFThomson1976" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Thomson,_Baron_Thomson_of_Monifieth" title="George Thomson, Baron Thomson of Monifieth">Thomson, George</a> (1 March 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aei.pitt.edu/10796/1/10796.pdf">"The Tindemans Report and the European Future"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Tindemans+Report+and+the+European+Future&rft.date=1976-03-01&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faei.pitt.edu%2F10796%2F1%2F10796.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFabian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole1961" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Cole" title="Margaret Cole">Cole, Margaret</a> (1961). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storyoffabiansoc0000cole"><i>The Story of Fabian Socialism</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0804700917" title="Special:BookSources/978-0804700917"><bdi>978-0804700917</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Fabian+Socialism&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1961&rft.isbn=978-0804700917&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstoryoffabiansoc0000cole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFabian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-radical1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-radical1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-radical1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerdue2012" class="citation book cs1">Perdue, Jon B. (2012). <i>The War of All the People: The Nexus of Latin American Radicalism and Middle Eastern Terrorism</i> (1st ed.). Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Potomac_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Potomac Books">Potomac Books</a>. p. 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1597977043" title="Special:BookSources/978-1597977043"><bdi>978-1597977043</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+of+All+the+People%3A+The+Nexus+of+Latin+American+Radicalism+and+Middle+Eastern+Terrorism&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=97&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Potomac+Books&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1597977043&rft.aulast=Perdue&rft.aufirst=Jon+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFabian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-radical2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-radical2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-radical2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthews1993" class="citation book cs1">Matthews, Race (1993). <i>Australia's First Fabians: Middle-class Radicals, Labour Activists and the Early Labour Movement</i>. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australia%27s+First+Fabians%3A+Middle-class+Radicals%2C+Labour+Activists+and+the+Early+Labour+Movement&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=Race&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFabian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-radical3-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-radical3_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-radical3_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunham1975" class="citation journal cs1">Dunham, William Huse (1975). "From Radicalism to Socialism: Men and Ideas in the Formation of Fabian Socialist Doctrines, 1881–1889". <i>History: Reviews of New Books</i>. <b>3</b> (10): 263. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03612759.1975.9945148">10.1080/03612759.1975.9945148</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History%3A+Reviews+of+New+Books&rft.atitle=From+Radicalism+to+Socialism%3A+Men+and+Ideas+in+the+Formation+of+Fabian+Socialist+Doctrines%2C+1881%E2%80%931889&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=263&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03612759.1975.9945148&rft.aulast=Dunham&rft.aufirst=William+Huse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFabian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pease_1916-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pease_1916_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward R. Pease, <i>A History of the Fabian Society</i>. New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., 1916.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pease, 1916</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120116153833/http://www.unitarian.org.uk/support/doc-EssexHall0.shtml">"<i>The History of Essex Hall</i> by Mortimer Rowe, Lindsey Press, 1959, chapter 5"</a>. Unitarian.org.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unitarian.org.uk/support/doc-EssexHall0.shtml">the original</a> on 16 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Essex+Hall+by+Mortimer+Rowe%2C+Lindsey+Press%2C+1959%2C+chapter+5&rft.pub=Unitarian.org.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unitarian.org.uk%2Fsupport%2Fdoc-EssexHall0.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFabian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Fabian-Society">"Fabian Society"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fabian+Society&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FFabian-Society&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFabian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in McBriar, A.M., <i>Fabian Socialism and English Politics, 1884–1918</i>. [1962] Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, 1966; p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McBriar-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McBriar_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McBriar_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcBriar1962" class="citation book cs1">McBriar, Alan M. (1962). <i>Fabian Socialism and English Politics, 1884–1918</i>. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fabian+Socialism+and+English+Politics%2C+1884%E2%80%931918&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=McBriar&rft.aufirst=Alan+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFabian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Story-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Story_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Story_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Story_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole1961" class="citation book cs1">Cole, Margaret (1961). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storyoffabiansoc0000cole"><i>The Story of Fabian Socialism</i></a></span>. Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1163700105" title="Special:BookSources/978-1163700105"><bdi>978-1163700105</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Fabian+Socialism&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1961&rft.isbn=978-1163700105&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstoryoffabiansoc0000cole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFabian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pease-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pease_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPease1916" class="citation book cs1">Pease, Edward R. (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.499184"><i>The History of the Fabian Society</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Fabian+Society&rft.date=1916&rft.aulast=Pease&rft.aufirst=Edward+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.499184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFabian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webbs.library.lse.ac.uk/">The Webbs on the Web bibliography</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morgan63-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Morgan63_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morgan63_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kevin Morgan, <i>Labour Legends and Russian Gold: Bolshevism and the British Left, Part 1.</i> London: Lawrence and Wishart, 2006; p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A full list of Fabian pamphlets is available at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.lse.ac.uk/library/archive/online_resources/fabianarchive/home.aspx">Fabian Society Online Archive</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110709175922/http://www2.lse.ac.uk/library/archive/online_resources/fabianarchive/home.aspx">Archived</a> 9 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreedland2012" class="citation news cs1">Freedland, Jonathan (17 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/feb/17/eugenics-skeleton-rattles-loudest-closet-left">"Eugenics: the skeleton that rattles loudest in the left's closet | Jonathan Freedland"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Eugenics%3A+the+skeleton+that+rattles+loudest+in+the+left%27s+closet+%7C+Jonathan+Freedland&rft.date=2012-02-17&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Freedland&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2012%2Ffeb%2F17%2Feugenics-skeleton-rattles-loudest-closet-left&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFabian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061207162846/http://www.fabian-society.org.uk/About/history.asp">"Fabian Society"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fabian-society.org.uk/About/history.asp">the original</a> on 7 December 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fabian+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fabian-society.org.uk%2FAbout%2Fhistory.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFabian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrawford1999" class="citation book cs1">Crawford, Elizabeth (1999). <i>The women's suffrage movement : a reference guide, 1866-1928</i>. 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London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=We+should+say+sorry%2C+too&rft.date=2008-02-13&rft.au=Geoffrey+Robertson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2008%2Ffeb%2F14%2Faustralia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFabian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFL.J._Ray1983" class="citation journal cs1">L.J. Ray (1983). "Eugenics, Mental Deficiency and Fabian Socialism between the Wars". <i>Oxford Review of Education</i>. <b>9</b> (3): 213–22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0305498830090305">10.1080/0305498830090305</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Review+of+Education&rft.atitle=Eugenics%2C+Mental+Deficiency+and+Fabian+Socialism+between+the+Wars&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=213-22&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0305498830090305&rft.au=L.J.+Ray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFabian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/11/how-eugenics-poisoned-the-welfare-state/">"How eugenics poisoned the welfare state | The Spectator"</a>. <i>The Spectator</i>. 25 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Spectator&rft.atitle=How+eugenics+poisoned+the+welfare+state+%7C+The+Spectator&rft.date=2009-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spectator.co.uk%2F2009%2F11%2Fhow-eugenics-poisoned-the-welfare-state%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFabian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFpas18882009" class="citation web cs1">pas1888 (29 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtkJYKfCDhA">"George Galloway Easter Rising 1916"</a> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=George+Galloway+Easter+Rising+1916&rft.date=2009-12-29&rft.au=pas1888&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DrtkJYKfCDhA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFabian+Society" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.transparify.org/blog/2018/12/17/yu6z844z5sf3vnhvqkegzeefuzv12o">"Round-Up of Transparify 2018 Ratings"</a>. <i>Transparify</i>. 17 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Transparify&rft.atitle=Round-Up+of+Transparify+2018+Ratings&rft.date=2018-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.transparify.org%2Fblog%2F2018%2F12%2F17%2Fyu6z844z5sf3vnhvqkegzeefuzv12o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFabian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/who-funds-you/fabian-society/">"Who Funds You? The Fabian Society"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+Funds+You%3F+The+Fabian+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opendemocracy.net%2Fen%2Fwho-funds-you%2Ffabian-society%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFabian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabian_Society&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowell1983" class="citation book cs1">Howell, David (1983). <i>British Workers and the Independent Labour Party, 1888–1906</i>. Manchester: <a href="/wiki/Manchester_University_Press" title="Manchester University Press">Manchester University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Workers+and+the+Independent+Labour+Party%2C+1888%E2%80%931906&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFabian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcBriar1962" class="citation book cs1">McBriar, A.M. (1962). <i>Fabian Socialism and English Politics, 1884–1918</i>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fabian+Socialism+and+English+Politics%2C+1884%E2%80%931918&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=McBriar&rft.aufirst=A.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFabian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>McKernan, James A., "The origins of critical theory in education: Fabian socialism as social reconstructionism in nineteenth-century Britain". <i>British Journal of Educational Studies</i> 61.4 (2013): 417–433.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPease1916" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_R._Pease" title="Edward R. Pease">Pease, Edward R.</a> (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thehistoryofthef13715gut"><i>A History of the Fabian Society</i></a>. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Fabian+Society&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=E.+P.+Dutton+%26+Co&rft.date=1916&rft.aulast=Pease&rft.aufirst=Edward+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthehistoryofthef13715gut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFabian+Society" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/search?title=The+History+of+the+Fabian+Society&author=Pease&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced"><i>The History of the Fabian Society</i></a> public domain audiobook at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadice1984" class="citation book cs1">Radice, Lisanne (1984). <i>Beatrice and Sidney Webb: Fabian Socialists</i>. London: Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beatrice+and+Sidney+Webb%3A+Fabian+Socialists&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Radice&rft.aufirst=Lisanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFabian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaw1906" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Shaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard Shaw">Shaw, George Bernard</a>, ed. (1906) [1892]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/TheFabianSocietyItsEarlyHistory"><i>The Fabian Society: Its Early History</i></a>. London: Fabian Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fabian+Society%3A+Its+Early+History&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Fabian+Society&rft.date=1906&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FTheFabianSocietyItsEarlyHistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFabian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaw1931" class="citation book cs1">Shaw, George Bernard, ed. (1931). <i>Fabian Essays in Socialism</i>. London: Fabian Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fabian+Essays+in+Socialism&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Fabian+Society&rft.date=1931&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFabian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolfe1975" class="citation book cs1">Wolfe, Willard (1975). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fromradicalismto0000wolf"><i>From Radicalism to Socialism: Men and Ideas in the Formation of Fabian Socialist Doctrines, 1881–1889</i></a></span>. New Haven, CT: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300013030" title="Special:BookSources/9780300013030"><bdi>9780300013030</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Radicalism+to+Socialism%3A+Men+and+Ideas+in+the+Formation+of+Fabian+Socialist+Doctrines%2C+1881%E2%80%931889&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+CT&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=9780300013030&rft.aulast=Wolfe&rft.aufirst=Willard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffromradicalismto0000wolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFabian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacKenzie1977" class="citation book cs1">MacKenzie, Norman & Jeanne (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firstfabians0000mack"><i>The First Fabians</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Weidenfeld_%26_Nicolson" title="Weidenfeld & Nicolson">Weidenfeld & Nicolson</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780297770909" title="Special:BookSources/9780297770909"><bdi>9780297770909</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Fabians&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=9780297770909&rft.aulast=MacKenzie&rft.aufirst=Norman+%26+Jeanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffirstfabians0000mack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFabian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fabian_Society&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External 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class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fabian_Society" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fabian Society">Fabian Society</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fabians.org.uk">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.lse.ac.uk/TreeBrowse.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&field=RefNo&key=FABIAN%20SOCIETY">Finding Aid for the Fabian Society archives</a>, British Library of Political and Economic Science, London School of Economics</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.lse.ac.uk/collections/fabiansociety">Fabian Society and Young Fabian Collection</a>, British Library of Political and Economic Science, London School of Economics</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/ls?field1=ocr;q1=%22Hubert%20Bland%22;a=srchls;lmt=ft">Annual Reports 1894–1918</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/ls?field1=ocr;q1=Fabian%20tracts;a=srchls;lmt=ft;pn=1">Fabian Tracts 1893–1990</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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self-management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_democracy" title="Workplace democracy">Workplace democracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G._D._H._Cole" title="G. D. H. Cole">G. D. H. Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._G._Hobson" class="mw-redirect" title="S. G. Hobson">S. G. Hobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Penty" title="Arthur Penty">Arthur Penty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Polanyi" title="Karl Polanyi">Karl Polanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Robbins" title="Lionel Robbins">Lionel Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._H._Tawney" title="R. H. Tawney">R. H. Tawney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Uribe_Uribe" title="Rafael Uribe Uribe">Rafael Uribe Uribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Wigforss" title="Ernst Wigforss">Ernst Wigforss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Guilds_League" class="mw-redirect" title="National Guilds League">National Guilds League</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fabian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Labour" title="Blue Labour">Blue Labour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Anarcho-syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_communism" title="Council communism">Council communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualism (economic theory)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_syndicalism" title="National syndicalism">National syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fabian_Society" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fabian_Society" title="Template:Fabian Society"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Fabian_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Fabian Society (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fabian_Society" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fabian Society"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fabian_Society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Fabian Society</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E4003B; color:white;;width:1%">Chairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G._D._H._Cole" title="G. D. H. Cole">G. D. H. Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Laski" title="Harold Laski">Laski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._D._H._Cole" title="G. D. H. Cole">G. D. H. Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Parker_(Labour_politician)" title="John Parker (Labour politician)">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austen_Albu" title="Austen Albu">Albu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Cole" title="Margaret Cole">M. Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Skeffington" title="Arthur Skeffington">Skeffington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eirene_White,_Baroness_White" title="Eirene White, Baroness White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Hughes_(educationist)" title="Billy Hughes (educationist)">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Henderson,_2nd_Baron_Faringdon" title="Gavin Henderson, 2nd Baron Faringdon">Faringdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Crosland" title="Anthony Crosland">Crosland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Stewart,_Baroness_Stewart_of_Alvechurch" title="Mary Stewart, Baroness Stewart of Alvechurch">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Abel-Smith" title="Brian Abel-Smith">Abel-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Benn" title="Tony Benn">Benn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Townsend_(sociologist)" title="Peter Townsend (sociologist)">Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rodgers,_Baron_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank" title="Bill Rodgers, Baron Rodgers of Quarry Bank">Rodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Blenkinsop" title="Arthur Blenkinsop">Blenkinsop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Shore" title="Peter Shore">Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Balogh,_Baron_Balogh" title="Thomas Balogh, Baron Balogh">Balogh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bray" title="Jeremy Bray">Bray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hall_(urbanist)" title="Peter Hall (urbanist)">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Lester,_Baron_Lester_of_Herne_Hill" title="Anthony Lester, Baron Lester of Herne Hill">Lester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Judd,_Baron_Judd" title="Frank Judd, Baron Judd">Judd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Bosanquet" title="Nicholas Bosanquet">Bosanquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Crouch" title="Colin Crouch">Crouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giles_Radice,_Baron_Radice" class="mw-redirect" title="Giles Radice, Baron Radice">Radice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Leonard" title="Dick Leonard">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_Whitehead" title="Phillip Whitehead">Whitehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Archer,_Baron_Archer_of_Sandwell" title="Peter Archer, Baron Archer of Sandwell">Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Williams" title="Shirley Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lipsey,_Baron_Lipsey" title="David Lipsey, Baron Lipsey">Lipsey</a></li> <li>Meldram</li> <li>Jeger</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tessa_Blackstone,_Baroness_Blackstone" title="Tessa Blackstone, Baroness Blackstone">Blackstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_McIntosh,_Baron_McIntosh_of_Haringey" title="Andrew McIntosh, Baron McIntosh of Haringey">McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Mitchell" title="Austin Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Butler" title="Nick Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Gould" title="Bryan Gould">Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bean_(judge)" title="David Bean (judge)">Bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Cook" title="Robin Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oonagh_McDonald" title="Oonagh McDonald">McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianne_Hayter" title="Dianne Hayter">Hayter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Pimlott" title="Ben Pimlott">Pimlott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alf_Dubs,_Baron_Dubs" title="Alf Dubs, Baron Dubs">Dubs</a></li> <li>Rice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Smith,_Baron_Smith_of_Finsbury" title="Chris Smith, Baron Smith of Finsbury">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Hodge" title="Margaret Hodge">Hodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Wright_(Cannock_Chase_MP)" title="Tony Wright (Cannock Chase MP)">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calum_MacDonald_(politician)" title="Calum MacDonald (politician)">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Marsden" title="Gordon Marsden">Marsden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_MacShane" title="Denis MacShane">MacShane</a></li> <li>Richards</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Twigg" title="Stephen Twigg">Twigg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Joyce" title="Eric Joyce">Joyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seema_Malhotra" title="Seema Malhotra">Malhotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Balls" title="Ed Balls">Balls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Campbell_(politician)" title="Anne Campbell (politician)">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadiq_Khan" title="Sadiq Khan">Khan</a></li> <li>Pushpananthan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jess_Asato" title="Jess Asato">Asato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seema_Malhotra" title="Seema Malhotra">Malhotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Green" title="Kate Green">Green</a></li> <li>Bartoletti</li> <li>Edobor</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E4003B; color:white;;width:1%">General Secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_R._Pease" title="Edward R. Pease">Pease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sanders_(politician)" title="William Sanders (politician)">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wallace_Galton" title="Frank Wallace Galton">Galton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Parker_(Labour_politician)" title="John Parker (Labour politician)">Parker</a></li> <li>Monck</li> <li>Filson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Chapman,_Baron_Northfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Chapman, Baron Northfield">Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rodgers,_Baron_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank" title="Bill Rodgers, Baron Rodgers of Quarry Bank">Rodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Williams" title="Shirley Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ponsonby,_3rd_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede" title="Thomas Ponsonby, 3rd Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede">Ponsonby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianne_Hayter" title="Dianne Hayter">Hayter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Martin_(UN_official)" title="Ian Martin (UN official)">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Willman" title="John Willman">Willman</a></li> <li>Crine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Twigg" title="Stephen Twigg">Twigg</a></li> <li>Jacobs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunder_Katwala" title="Sunder Katwala">Katwala</a></li> <li>Harrop</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E4003B; color:white;;width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Webb" title="Beatrice Webb">Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Cripps" title="Stafford Cripps">Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._D._H._Cole" title="G. D. H. Cole">G. D. H. Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Cole" title="Margaret Cole">M. Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Parker_(Labour_politician)" title="John Parker (Labour politician)">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Hughes_(educationist)" title="Billy Hughes (educationist)">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Archer,_Baron_Archer_of_Sandwell" title="Peter Archer, Baron Archer of Sandwell">Archer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Labour_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Template:Labour Party (UK)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Template talk:Labour Party (UK)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Labour Party (UK)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Labour_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Labour Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="History of the Labour Party (UK)">History of the Labour Party</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Electoral history of the Labour Party (UK)">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Labour_Party_(UK)_general_election_manifestos" title="List of Labour Party (UK) general election manifestos">General election manifestos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom">History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="European Parliamentary Labour Party">European Parliamentary Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Labour_Party_(1888)" title="Scottish Labour Party (1888)">Scottish Labour Party (1888)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Labour_Party" title="Independent Labour Party">Independent Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Representation_Committee_(1900)" title="Labour Representation Committee (1900)">Labour Representation Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladstone%E2%80%93MacDonald_pact" title="Gladstone–MacDonald pact">Gladstone–MacDonald pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Labour_Organisation" title="National Labour Organisation">National Labour Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Independent_Group" title="Labour Independent Group">Labour Independent Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Democratic_Socialism" title="Campaign for Democratic Socialism">Campaign for Democratic Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lib%E2%80%93Lab_pact" title="Lib–Lab pact">Lib–Lab pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)#Creation_of_the_SDP" title="Social Democratic Party (UK)">Formation of SDP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four_(SDP)" title="Gang of Four (SDP)">Gang of Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limehouse_Declaration" title="Limehouse Declaration">Limehouse Declaration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militant_tendency" title="Militant tendency">Militant tendency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_longest_suicide_note_in_history" title="The longest suicide note in history">The longest suicide note in history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_more_heave" title="One more heave">One more heave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Labour" title="New Labour">New Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony%27s_Cronies" title="Tony's Cronies">Tony's Cronies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Labour" title="Blue Labour">Blue Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Nation_Labour" title="One Nation Labour">One Nation Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakrabarti_Inquiry" title="Chakrabarti Inquiry">Chakrabarti Inquiry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Leadership" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leadership</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Labour Party (UK)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Hardie" title="Keir Hardie">Hardie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Barnes_(British_politician)" title="George Barnes (British politician)">Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Adamson" title="William Adamson">Adamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">Brown</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock">Kinnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Labour_Party_leader)" title="John Smith (Labour Party leader)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Beckett</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Miliband" title="Ed Miliband">Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Deputy Leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Graham_(Edinburgh_MP)" title="William Graham (Edinburgh MP)">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Griffiths" title="Jim Griffiths">Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Bevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Short,_Baron_Glenamara" title="Edward Short, Baron Glenamara">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Healey" title="Denis Healey">Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Hattersley" title="Roy Hattersley">Hattersley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Watson,_Baron_Watson_of_Wyre_Forest" title="Tom Watson, Baron Watson of Wyre Forest">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Rayner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Labour_Party" title="General Secretary of the Labour Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">General Secretaries</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Middleton_(political_organiser)" title="James Middleton (political organiser)">Middleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Phillips" title="Morgan Phillips">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Williams_(politician)" title="Leonard Williams (politician)">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Barker" title="Sara Barker">Barker</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Nicholas" title="Harry Nicholas">Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Hayward" title="Ron Hayward">Hayward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Mortimer" title="Jim Mortimer">Mortimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Whitty,_Baron_Whitty" title="Larry Whitty, Baron Whitty">Whitty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Sawyer,_Baron_Sawyer" title="Tom Sawyer, Baron Sawyer">Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_McDonagh,_Baroness_McDonagh" title="Margaret McDonagh, Baroness McDonagh">McDonagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Triesman,_Baron_Triesman" title="David Triesman, Baron Triesman">Triesman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Carter_(politician)" title="Matt Carter (politician)">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Watt" title="Peter Watt">Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Collins,_Baron_Collins_of_Highbury" title="Ray Collins, Baron Collins of Highbury">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_McNicol" title="Iain McNicol">McNicol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennie_Formby" title="Jennie Formby">Formby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Evans_(political_official)" title="David Evans (political official)">Evans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_the_Labour_Party" title="Treasurer of the Labour Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Treasurers</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lathan" title="George Lathan">Lathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Bevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Nicholas" title="Harry Nicholas">Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Davies_(trade_unionist)" title="Dai Davies (trade unionist)">Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Atkinson" title="Norman Atkinson">Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Varley" title="Eric Varley">Varley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Booth" title="Albert Booth">Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_McCluskie" title="Sam McCluskie">McCluskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Burlison" title="Tom Burlison">Burlison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Prosser,_Baroness_Prosser" title="Margaret Prosser, Baroness Prosser">Prosser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Elsby" title="Jimmy Elsby">Elsby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dromey" title="Jack Dromey">Dromey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Holland" title="Diana Holland">Holland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_in_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the Labour Party in the House of Lords"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Leaders in the Lords</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Haldane,_1st_Viscount_Haldane" title="Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane">Haldane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cripps,_1st_Baron_Parmoor" title="Charles Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor">Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ponsonby,_1st_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede" title="Arthur Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede">Ponsonby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Snell,_1st_Baron_Snell" title="Harry Snell, 1st Baron Snell">Snell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Addison,_1st_Viscount_Addison" title="Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison">Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jowitt,_1st_Earl_Jowitt" title="William Jowitt, 1st Earl Jowitt">Jowitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._V._Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Hillsborough" title="A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Pakenham,_7th_Earl_of_Longford" title="Frank Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford">Pakenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Shackleton,_Baron_Shackleton" title="Edward Shackleton, Baron Shackleton">Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Shepherd,_2nd_Baron_Shepherd" title="Malcolm Shepherd, 2nd Baron Shepherd">Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Peart,_Baron_Peart" title="Fred Peart, Baron Peart">Peart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledwyn_Hughes,_Baron_Cledwyn_of_Penrhos" title="Cledwyn Hughes, Baron Cledwyn of Penrhos">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivor_Richard" title="Ivor Richard">Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Jay,_Baroness_Jay_of_Paddington" title="Margaret Jay, Baroness Jay of Paddington">Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gareth_Williams,_Baron_Williams_of_Mostyn" title="Gareth Williams, Baron Williams of Mostyn">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Amos,_Baroness_Amos" title="Valerie Amos, Baroness Amos">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton">Ashton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Royall,_Baroness_Royall_of_Blaisdon" title="Janet Royall, Baroness Royall of Blaisdon">Royall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Smith,_Baroness_Smith_of_Basildon" title="Angela Smith, Baroness Smith of Basildon">Smith of Basildon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Labour" title="Scottish Labour"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Scottish Labour Leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Dewar" title="Donald Dewar">Dewar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_McLeish" title="Henry McLeish">McLeish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Jamieson" title="Cathy Jamieson">Jamieson</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_McConnell" title="Jack McConnell">McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Jamieson" title="Cathy Jamieson">Jamieson</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Alexander" title="Wendy Alexander">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Jamieson" title="Cathy Jamieson">Jamieson</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Gray" title="Iain Gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Lamont" title="Johann Lamont">Lamont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anas_Sarwar" title="Anas Sarwar">Sarwar</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Murphy" title="Jim Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Gray" title="Iain Gray">Gray</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kezia_Dugdale" title="Kezia Dugdale">Dugdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Rowley" title="Alex Rowley">Rowley</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Baillie" title="Jackie Baillie">Baillie</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Leonard" title="Richard Leonard">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Baillie" title="Jackie Baillie">Baillie</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anas_Sarwar" title="Anas Sarwar">Sarwar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="Parliamentary Labour Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">PLP Chairs</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Hardie" title="Keir Hardie">Hardie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Barnes_(British_politician)" title="George Barnes (British politician)">Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hodge_(politician)" title="John Hodge (politician)">Hodge</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wardle" title="George Wardle">Wardle</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Adamson" title="William Adamson">Adamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Lees-Smith" title="Hastings Lees-Smith">Lees-Smith</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Pethick-Lawrence,_1st_Baron_Pethick-Lawrence" title="Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence">Pethick-Lawrence</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Greenwood</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Houghton,_Baron_Houghton_of_Sowerby" title="Douglas Houghton, Baron Houghton of Sowerby">Houghton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Mikardo" title="Ian Mikardo">Mikardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledwyn_Hughes,_Baron_Cledwyn_of_Penrhos" title="Cledwyn Hughes, Baron Cledwyn of Penrhos">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Willey" title="Fred Willey">Willey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dormand" title="Jack Dormand">Dormand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Orme" title="Stan Orme">Orme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Hoyle" title="Doug Hoyle">Hoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Soley" title="Clive Soley">Soley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Corston,_Baroness_Corston" title="Jean Corston, Baroness Corston">Corston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Clwyd" title="Ann Clwyd">Clwyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Lloyd" title="Tony Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Watts,_Baron_Watts" title="David Watts, Baron Watts">Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cryer" title="John Cryer">Cryer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Morden" title="Jessica Morden">Morden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="European Parliamentary Labour Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">EPLP Leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stewart,_Baron_Stewart_of_Fulham" title="Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Castle" title="Barbara Castle">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alf_Lomas" title="Alf Lomas">Lomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Martin_(Scottish_politician)" title="David Martin (Scottish politician)">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Seal_(politician)" title="Barry Seal (politician)">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyn_Ford" title="Glyn Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Green" title="Pauline Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_David" title="Wayne David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Donnelly" title="Alan Donnelly">Donnelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Murphy_(British_politician)" title="Simon Murphy (British politician)">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Titley" title="Gary Titley">Titley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenis_Willmott" title="Glenis Willmott">Willmott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Corbett" title="Richard Corbett">Corbett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div>* = wartime, in opposition <br /> ^ Interim/Acting</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Internal_elections_and_selections" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Internal elections and selections</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1922_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1922 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1922</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1931 Labour Party leadership election">1931</a> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Arthur Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1932 Labour Party leadership election">1932</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">George Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1935 Labour Party leadership election">1935</a> <a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1955 Labour Party leadership election">1955</a> <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Hugh Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1960 Labour Party leadership election">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1961 Labour Party leadership election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1963 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1963</a> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1976 Labour Party leadership election">1976</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">James Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1980 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1980</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1983 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1983</a> <a href="/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock">Neil Kinnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1988 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1992 Labour Party leadership election">1992</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Labour_Party_leader)" title="John Smith (Labour Party leader)">John Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1994 Labour Party leadership election">1994</a> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2007 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2007</a> <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2010 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2010</a> <a href="/wiki/Ed_Miliband" title="Ed Miliband">Ed Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2015 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2015</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2016 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2020 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2020</a> <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a></li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Deputy Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1952 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1952</a> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Herbert Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1953 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1956 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1956</a> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Griffiths" title="Jim Griffiths">Jim Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1959 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1959</a> <a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Aneurin Bevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1960 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1960</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">George Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1961 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1962 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1970 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1970</a> <a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1971 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1972 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1972</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Short,_Baron_Glenamara" title="Edward Short, Baron Glenamara">Edward Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1976 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1976</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1980 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1980</a> <a href="/wiki/Denis_Healey" title="Denis Healey">Denis Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1981 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1983 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1983</a> <a href="/wiki/Roy_Hattersley" title="Roy Hattersley">Roy Hattersley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1988 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1992 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1992</a> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Margaret Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1994 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1994</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">John Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="2007 Labour Party deputy leadership election">2007</a> <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harriet Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="2015 Labour Party deputy leadership election">2015</a> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Watson,_Baron_Watson_of_Wyre_Forest" title="Tom Watson, Baron Watson of Wyre Forest">Tom Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="2020 Labour Party deputy leadership election">2020</a> <a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Angela Rayner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Shadow Cabinet elections and reshuffles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=September_1931_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="September 1931 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">Sep 1931 (Henderson)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=November_1931_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="November 1931 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">Nov 1931</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1932_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1932 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1932 (Lansbury)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1933_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1933 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1934_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1934 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1935_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1935 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1935 (Attlee)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1936 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1937_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1937 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1938 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1939_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1939 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1951 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1952 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1953 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1954 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1955 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1956 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1956 (Gaitskell)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1957 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1958 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1959 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1960 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1961 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1962 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1963 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1963 (Wilson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1970 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1971 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1972 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1973 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1979 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1979 (Callaghan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1980 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1980 (Foot)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1981 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1982 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1983 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1983 (Kinnock)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1984 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1985 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1986 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1987 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1988 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1989 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1990 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1991 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1992 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1992 (Smith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1993 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1994 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1994 (Blair)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1995 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1996 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="2010 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">2010 (Miliband)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_shadow_cabinet_resignations" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 United Kingdom shadow cabinet resignations">June 2016 (Corbyn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2021_British_shadow_cabinet_reshuffle" title="May 2021 British shadow cabinet reshuffle">May 2021 (Starmer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2021_British_shadow_cabinet_reshuffle" title="November 2021 British shadow cabinet reshuffle">November 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_British_shadow_cabinet_reshuffle" title="2023 British shadow cabinet reshuffle">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Party_structure" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Party structure</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Constitution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clause_IV" title="Clause IV">Clause IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Executive_Committee_of_the_Labour_Party" title="National Executive Committee of the Labour Party">National Executive Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Labour_Party" title="General Secretary of the Labour Party">General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_the_Labour_Party" title="Treasurer of the Labour Party">Treasurer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Parliamentary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="Parliamentary Labour Party">Parliamentary Labour Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip_of_the_Labour_Party" title="Chief Whip of the Labour Party">Chief Whip of the Labour Party</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Conference</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_Conference" title="Labour Party Conference">Labour Party Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Subnational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Labour" title="Scottish Labour">Scottish Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Labour" title="Welsh Labour">Welsh Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Labour Party in Northern Ireland">Labour Party in Northern Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Directly elected city mayoral authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Labour" title="London Labour">London Labour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">CLPs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constituency_Labour_Party" title="Constituency Labour Party">Constituency Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_International" title="Labour International">Labour International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Policy_Forum" title="National Policy Forum">National Policy Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)_affiliated_trade_union" title="Labour Party (UK) affiliated trade union">Affiliated trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_Union_and_Labour_Party_Liaison_Organisation" title="Trade Union and Labour Party Liaison Organisation">Trade Union and Labour Party Liaison Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Co-operative" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour and Co-operative">Labour Co-operative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Party" title="Co-operative Party">Co-operative Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_%E2%80%93_Federation_of_Labour_Groups" title="Labour – Federation of Labour Groups">Labour – Federation of Labour Groups</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Associated_organisations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Associated organisations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">List</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_organisations_associated_with_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="List of organisations associated with the Labour Party (UK)">Organisations associated with the Labour Party</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Sectional groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Labour_(UK)" title="Young Labour (UK)">Young Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_International" title="Labour International">Labour International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT%2B_Labour" title="LGBT+ Labour">LGBT+ Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Campaign_for_Trans_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour Campaign for Trans Rights">Labour Campaign for Trans Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Students" title="Labour Students">Labour Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAME_Labour" title="BAME Labour">BAME Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_Labour" title="Disability Labour">Disability Labour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Factional groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Labour" title="Blue Labour">Blue Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Labour_Party_Democracy" title="Campaign for Labour Party Democracy">Campaign for Labour Party Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christians_on_the_Left" title="Christians on the Left">Christians on the Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass_(think_tank)" title="Compass (think tank)">Compass</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fabian Society</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Fabians" title="Young Fabians">Young Fabians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Britain_Group" title="Future Britain Group">Future Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre-Left_Grassroots_Alliance" title="Centre-Left Grassroots Alliance">Centre-Left Grassroots Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Labour_Movement" title="Jewish Labour Movement">Jewish Labour Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Campaign_for_Electoral_Reform" title="Labour Campaign for Electoral Reform">Labour Campaign for Electoral Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_CND" title="Labour CND">Labour CND</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Friends_of_Israel" title="Labour Friends of Israel">Labour Friends of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Friends_of_Palestine_and_the_Middle_East" title="Labour Friends of Palestine and the Middle East">Labour Friends of Palestine & the Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Growth_Group" title="Labour Growth Group">Labour Growth Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_Irish_Society" title="Labour Party Irish Society">Labour Party Irish Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Representation_Committee_(2004)" title="Labour Representation Committee (2004)">Labour Representation Committee (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Women%27s_Network" title="Labour Women's Network">Labour Women's Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_(organisation)" title="Momentum (organisation)">Momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Labour" title="Open Labour">Open Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Labour_and_Socialist_Clubs" title="National Union of Labour and Socialist Clubs">National Union of Labour and Socialist Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Britain" title="Progressive Britain">Progressive Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Appeal_(UK,_1992)" title="Socialist Appeal (UK, 1992)">Revolutionary Communist Party</a> <small>Formerly Socialist Appeal</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Health_Association" title="Socialist Health Association">Socialist Health Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Educational_Association" title="Socialist Educational Association">Socialist Educational Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Environment_and_Resources_Association" title="Socialist Environment and Resources Association">Socialist Environment and Resources Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Campaign_Group" title="Socialist Campaign Group">Socialist Campaign Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Socialist_Youth" title="International Union of Socialist Youth">Socialist Youth Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_society_(Labour_Party)" title="Socialist society (Labour Party)">Socialist societies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Media publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LabourList" title="LabourList">LabourList</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tribune_(magazine)" title="Tribune (magazine)">Tribune</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Party_alliances" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Party alliances</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Current" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance" title="Progressive Alliance">Progressive Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192186#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192186#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192186#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000012353189X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/139553701">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/546814/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/10961-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80089179">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11986414r">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11986414r">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35073327">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Fabian Society (Velká Británie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20060425004&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007260935405171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058518297806706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01320018?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/818585">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027928209">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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