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This is an unusual approach to this topic that highlights important underlying forces in current and projected future economic and social behaviour that range from prices of gasoline to terrorism and related activities. In the context of the rich histories of Muslim cultures, the effects of rapid changes in economic and social trends are examined, as well as the effect of Western policies which have often exacerbated underlying tensions in these fast-growing populations, extending to the trouble and hostilities that are currently being manifested in proposed interpretations by al-Qaeda and similar organizations. This volume also suggests an approach that deals with the high illiteracy rates and inadequate education facilities in many Muslim countries. It is a new volume in the established "ISETE" series. 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The supply side is much more concentrated than is the case for demand. Tables 2.1 and 2.2 shows some 13 Muslim nations producing nearly 39% of oil output at 31 million barrels/day (Mb/day), with\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PR17","page_number":"xvii","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e commerce are all totally or partially controlled by Muslim countries, including Indonesia\u0026#39;s and Malaysia\u0026#39;s ... \u003cb\u003etotal world\u003c/b\u003e population in 1980 while Muslims accounted for 16.5% (for a nearly 2 to 1 ratio). These percentages\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PR18","page_number":"xviii","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e turbulence and serious social problems . These broad aggregations of \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e population do not reveal some of the other , even more extreme , changes that are occurring . 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This use rose from 207 quadrillion Btus in 1970 to 412 quadrillion Btus in 2002 and is projected to be 645 quadrillion Btus in 2025 , as\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA9","page_number":"9","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal world\u003c/b\u003e energy use. In 2002, it increased to 214 quadrillion Btus, but accounted for only 52% of \u003cb\u003eworldwide\u003c/b\u003e energy use be- cause \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e energy use increased much faster than in the group of countries with mature market economies\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA10","page_number":"10","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal world\u003c/b\u003e use) by 2025. The group of emerging economies is a complex of countries at various stages of economic development. The \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e population of this group was approximately 4.6 billion in 2000 and accounted for 76% of \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA11","page_number":"11","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e energy use \u003cb\u003eworldwide\u003c/b\u003e) for mature market economies ver- sus 295.1 quadrillion Btus (46%) for emerging economies. To compare \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e ... \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e energy consumption. Figure 1.2 presents the results of these estimates for 1970-2002 and of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA13","page_number":"13","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e energy mix. Renewable energy sources include several types such as biomass, hydropower, solar, wind and geothermal energy. The energy use share of all the renewable sources accounted for only 7.8% of \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e energy use \u003cb\u003eworldwide\u003c/b\u003e in\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA26","page_number":"26","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal world\u003c/b\u003e consumption in 1985 , 1992 and 2003 , respectively . This means that the top 25 consumer nations dominated the demand side of \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e oil market with their combined consumption share remaining at greater than 80 % over the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA30","page_number":"30","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal world\u003c/b\u003e crude oil production ( or their production shares ) over the period from 1960 to 2004 . The United States discovered its first oilfields in Eastern Pennsylvania in 1859 , and then in East Texas in 1930. Large reserves of oil\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA31","page_number":"31","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld total\u003c/b\u003e . Adding natural gas plant liquids , other liquids , and refinery processing gains , US oil production was around 8.7 mb / day in 2003 ( not shown in Figure 2.1 ) , and this was a 50 - year low . In the meantime US oil\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA32","page_number":"32","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e oil production (crude oil plus natural gas plant liquids, other liquids, and refinery processing gains) Russia ... \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e with many of them belonging to OPEC (Or- ganization of Petroleum Exporting Countries). Like the demand\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA35","page_number":"35","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e output was reduced slightly, from 60.57 to 60.21 mb/day in 1990-1991. From the growth rates exhibited in ... \u003cb\u003etotal world\u003c/b\u003e oil production. OPEC achieved its largest production share of 55.0% in 1973. Since then the OPEC share\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA37","page_number":"37","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e oil production began to recover and rose to a high of 33.8 mb / day in 2003 when it accounted for about 42 ... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e output of the Muslim \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e at 33.8 million barrels per day . Kazakhstan , for instance , is one such Muslim\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA40","page_number":"40","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal world\u003c/b\u003e output. Figure 2.4 shows that the \u003cb\u003etotal world\u003c/b\u003e output increased from 53 trillion cubic feet in 1980 to 95 trillion cubic feet in 2003. In 1982-1985 when \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e oil output was substantially reduced (see Fig- ure 2.2), \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA44","page_number":"44","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld total\u003c/b\u003e. World oil production began to shift into the Persian Gulf region after discovery of the Al Ghawar Field in Saudi Arabia in 1948. The Al Ghawar Field is the largest and most productive oil field in the world. It began\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA45","page_number":"45","snippet_text":"... world\u0026#39;s leading oil producer , with more than one - fourth of the \u003cb\u003eworld total\u003c/b\u003e proven oil reserves , it also ranks fourth in natural gas production , with proven reserves estimated at 224.7 trillion cubit feet ( Tcf ) . Saudi Arabia\u0026#39;s\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA51","page_number":"51","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e proven natural gas reserves are estimated to be 812 trillion cubic feet. This is the \u003cb\u003eworld\u0026#39;s\u003c/b\u003e second largest reserve, next to Russia. Most Iranian natural gas reserves are located in non-associated fields and have not been\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA56","page_number":"56","snippet_text":"... world crude oil production . In 1960 , Persian Gulf region crude oil output was only 5.04 mb / day and accounted for but 24 % of the \u003cb\u003eworld total\u003c/b\u003e . The increasing production share , from 24 % to 29 % , shows that crude oil output in the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA57","page_number":"57","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal world\u003c/b\u003e oil production . Hence , the importance of Persian Gulf nations in \u003cb\u003eglobal\u003c/b\u003e oil markets is expected to increase substantially . 2.3.2 . Other OPEC Muslim Countries We move next to OPEC countries other than these Persian Gulf\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA58","page_number":"58","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworldwide\u003c/b\u003e. Its potential for recoverable natural gas is estimated at as high as 282 trillion cubic feet. In 2000, natural gas and natural gas liquids ac- counted for about 60% of Algeria\u0026#39;s \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e hydrocarbons production and its exports\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA65","page_number":"65","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWorld total\u003c/b\u003e 1277.7 1617.8 6040.2 9941.4 Muslim World 845.8 893.7 3414.9 4503.1 OPEC (excluding Venezuela) 808.0 804.4 2941.4 3483.5 7 Persian Gulf States 717.3 685.2 2465.9 2788.1 Saudi Arabia 261.9 297.8 235.0 968.9 Iran 125.8 124.4\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA66","page_number":"66","snippet_text":"... World Petroleum Assessment 2000 (USGS 2000), in which the estimates are defined as remaining reserves plus the ... total world oil reserves and natural gas re- serves accounting for (45-56)% of the \u003cb\u003eworld total\u003c/b\u003e. The seven Persian\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA70","page_number":"70","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld total\u003c/b\u003e net exports of oil accounted for 73.7% of \u003cb\u003eworld total\u003c/b\u003e net oil exports in 1980. As shown in Figure 3.1 , this share. Figure 3.1: World Net Oil Imports and Muslim Country Shares. Figure 3.2 : Top Oil Importer Countries ( 1980\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA71","page_number":"71","snippet_text":"... world still controls more than 50 % of world net exports of oil and the group of 7 Persian Gulf Muslim countries controls nearly 40 % of the \u003cb\u003eworld total\u003c/b\u003e . Figure 3.2 , shows net oil imports by the world\u0026#39;s six largest net oil importers\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA73","page_number":"73","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld total\u003c/b\u003e net imports of oil , and the bottom row of Table 3.2 shows that the top 20 net exporters supplied more than 92 % of the \u003cb\u003eworld total\u003c/b\u003e exports of oil in 1980-2003 . Thus the supply side of global oil markets is more\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA79","page_number":"79","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e net imports of oil rose from 6.6 to 12.1 mb / day during 1991-2004 . This is shown in column ( 2 ) while column ( 3 ) shows that 40.9 % -53 % came from non - OPEC exporters and column ( 4 ) shows that 59.1 % -47 % came from OPEC\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA80","page_number":"80","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e net imports of oil) in 1993 to 2.03 mb/day (92.4%) in 2004. Saudi Arabia is the major source of imported oil to South Korea with net imports of 80 Chapter 3: \u003cb\u003eGlobal\u003c/b\u003e Oil Flow and Strategic Geography of the Muslim \u003cb\u003eWorld\u003c/b\u003e."},{"page_id":"PA81","page_number":"81","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eTotal\u003c/b\u003e Net Imports of Oil OPEC Saudi Arabia Venezuela Net Imports of Oil (1 000 barrels per day) Net Import Share of Origin 12097 100% 5 688 47.02% 1 557 12.87% 1548 12.80% Nigeria 1 139 9.42% Iraq 656 5.42% Algeria 452 3.74% Kuwait 250\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA82","page_number":"82","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e that can af- fect oil flows around the \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e. Today, there are 49 countries in which Muslims have an \u003cb\u003eoverall\u003c/b\u003e population majority. The \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e area occupied by these 49 Muslim- majority nations is about 31.120 million square\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA83","page_number":"83","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e belong to the Sunni sect. The Shi\u0026#39;ite are the majority only in (1) Iran, accounting for about 89% of its \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e population, in (2) Iraq about (60-65)%, and in (3) Bahrain about 70%. A traditional Shi\u0026#39;ite regime holds power in Iran\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA96","page_number":"96","snippet_text":"... influences in nearby Muslim countries continues to affect regional sta- bility in South Asia. Figure 4.1: \u003cb\u003eWorld Total\u003c/b\u003e Population vs. the Muslim Population. 96 Chapter 3: Global Oil Flow and Strategic Geography of the Muslim World."},{"page_id":"PA97","page_number":"97","snippet_text":"... worldwide demand for oil in Chapter 1 of this book . ( 2 ) As of 2003 , the percentage of the \u003cb\u003eworld total\u003c/b\u003e net oil exports was 55.5 % for the 48 Muslim countries , and 39.8 % for Gulf countries . Twelve Muslim countries were in the rank\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA98","page_number":"98","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e area occupied by the 49 Muslim-majority countries is about 31.12 million square kilometer, which is larger than the combined areas of China, Canada and the United States. Stretching from the Pacific to the Atlantic, the Mus- lim \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA99","page_number":"99","snippet_text":"... world over the foreseeable future. This includes oil, natural gas, coal, renewable energy and nuclear energy. Oil consumption now accounts for about 39% of \u003cb\u003eworld total\u003c/b\u003e energy use and it is projected to be 38% by 2025. World use of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA100","page_number":"100","snippet_text":"... World production of natural gas has nearly doubled in the last twenty five years and reached 95 trillion cubic feet in 2003. The 48 Muslim countries pro- duced about one quarter of the \u003cb\u003eworld total\u003c/b\u003e of natural gas in 2003. Russia and\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA105","page_number":"105","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e. As estimated by some Islamic organizations and religion information web- sites,1 Christians accounted for 30% of the \u003cb\u003etotal world\u003c/b\u003e population in 1980, while Muslims accounted for 16.5% (for a nearly 2 to 1 ratio). Those percentages\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA106","page_number":"106","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e, with their Muslim population greater than 50% of the \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e, and thus bypass issues involved in estimates for other, non-Muslim, countries — like China. The aggregations for specific regions and for the entire Muslim \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e are\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA107","page_number":"107","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e fertility rates, and the life expectancy at birth. Chapter 5 discusses the changing age structure of Muslim populations with a focus on three cohorts: children aged 0-14, working-age people from 15 to 64 years old, and the elderly\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA109","page_number":"109","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e and for selected individual Muslim countries over the periods 1950-2000 and 2000-2050. Section 4.2 de ... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e fertility rates (TFR), and life expectancy at birth — are used to show the dynamic underpin- nings that drive\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA110","page_number":"110","snippet_text":"... world population as a whole (including the Muslim population) during this 1950–2000 period. For the next fifty years, \u003cb\u003eworld total\u003c/b\u003e population is expected to continue an as- cending trend, increasing 1.47 times to 8919 million by 2050. The\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA111","page_number":"111","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWorld\u003c/b\u003e 9.94 199 X 18 17 ( 1993 ) ( 2000 ) 1.5 ( 1955 ) 1.0 ( 1961 ) ( 1993 ) 1.31x ( 2000 ) X X O 0.81 0.42 x X ... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e growth rate began to decline about 1971 while the growth rate of the Muslim countries began to decline about\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA114","page_number":"114","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e population of the 49 Muslim-majority nations in 1980. The regions in South Asia and Middle East \u0026amp; North Africa have also witnessed a rapid population expansion in terms of both size and share. The population size tripled during\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA115","page_number":"115","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e population of the 49 Muslim-majority nations for each nation. These twelve nations are ranked in the order of their projected population size for 2050. Pakistan is expected to become the largest Muslim nation of the \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e by 2050\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA119","page_number":"119","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWorld\u003c/b\u003e 1.17% 1.11% 0.57% 1293.986 2611.539 2.02 6070.581 8918.724 1.46 Iran (66.443 million), Algeria (30.245 ... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e population of the 49 Muslim countries is expected to increase 2.02 times in 2000-2050 and Demographic Changes\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA120","page_number":"120","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e fertility rate has not stayed at 2.1. Rather, it keeps falling below the replacement rate. This has led to population decline for Russia and will do so for other developed nations. Most developing nations, on the other hand, are\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA121","page_number":"121","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e. This will be done with four vital parameters — (1) the crude birth rate, (2) crude death rate, (3) \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e fertility rate (TFR), and (4) life expectancy at birth. The av- erages we use for these vital parameters are calculated from\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA124","page_number":"124","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e average is also shown (at the intersection of the horizontal and vertical lines) and the average of high ... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e fertility rates (TFR) over 40 years for the three populations in Figure 4.8(A).6 The term, \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e fertility\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA125","page_number":"125","snippet_text":"... Piyu Yue. (A) (B) Figure 4.8: (A) \u003cb\u003eTotal\u003c/b\u003e Fertility Rates (TFR). (B) \u003cb\u003eTotal\u003c/b\u003e Fertility Rate vs. GDP per Capita of Muslim Countries (2000). 1970s, but began to catch up with the \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e trend. Demographic Changes and Social Instability 125."},{"page_id":"PA126","page_number":"126","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e trend in the early 1980s. However, the average TFR of Muslim countries remained above the \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e TFR as can ... \u003cb\u003eTotal\u003c/b\u003e Fertility Rate (TFR) in 2000. Like Figure 4.7(B) the portrayal is related to their real GDP per capita (in\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA129","page_number":"129","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e fertility rate (TFR), 7.43, over the period 1990-2000. Sierra Leone, another sub-Sahara African country, had the highest death rate, 26.93 per thousand, and the lowest life expectancy at birth, 37.73 years for females and 35.07\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA130","page_number":"130","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e fertility rate ( 2.3 ) . This is nearly half the corre- sponding averages of the Muslim countries ( 34.04 and 4.44 ) shown at the top of Table 4.6 . Four Muslim countries in the Persian Gulf ( Kuwait , Qatar , Bahrain and United\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA132","page_number":"132","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eTotal\u003c/b\u003e Fertility Rate ( number of children per woman ). 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 Pakistan , birth rate Indonesia , death rate Pakistan , death rate Nigeria , birth rate\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA133","page_number":"133","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eTotal\u003c/b\u003e Fertility Rate of Seven Muslim Countries . 1996 1998 2000 viewed as a comparative advantage , and Iran\u0026#39;s supreme leader Ayatollah Khome- ini pushed procreation for “ an army of 20 million ” of “ soldiers for Islam ” . This strong\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA137","page_number":"137","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e failure . Nigerian hostility to Western concepts of family planning was actually greater than when the programs started . It was widely believed that the Western interest in birth con- trol is based on a fear of large Muslim\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA138","page_number":"138","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e population of these Muslim countries increased from 384 million in 1950 to 1287 million in 2000 and is projected to reach 2608 million by 2050. The \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e population share of these Muslim countries also in- creased from 15.2 % in\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA141","page_number":"141","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e. The age structure of a pop- ulation is defined, relative to the \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e population, as, respectively, the proportion of children, youngsters, adults, and the elderly. This chapter consists of two sections. Section 5.1 presents the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA142","page_number":"142","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e population for (1) the 49 Muslim-majority nations, (2) the \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e population and (3) the aggregate population of the more-developed region of the \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e.1 In or- der to make our comparisons we depict in Figures 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA143","page_number":"143","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e average with about a (5–10)-year lag. The number of children aged 0–14 in the 49 Muslim- majority countries accounts for a greater percentage of the \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e Muslim popula- tion than in the \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e population over the entire time\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA145","page_number":"145","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e population, it is 65.6% by 2015, and for the 49 Muslim countries it is 66.2% by 2050. After passing these peaks, the proportions of this cohort ... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e population. By 2050 the more Demographic Changes and Social Instability 145."},{"page_id":"PA146","page_number":"146","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e population. By 2050 the more developed nations are expected to see their proportion of elderly rise to 25.9% and their proportion of children reduced to 15.8% (see Figure 5.1). The 49-country Muslim \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e, on the other hand, is\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA149","page_number":"149","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal world\u003c/b\u003e male youngsters aged 15-29 show that the number of Muslim male youngsters has increased much faster . This is reflected in the ratio of these two numbers , shown 340 Number of Male Youngsters of the Muslim \u003cb\u003eWorld\u003c/b\u003e (. 2 In the \u0026quot;\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA150","page_number":"150","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWorld\u003c/b\u003e ( in million ) 303306308 38 36 34 32 81 282 22 2 2 2 12 290 297 285 270 255 241 240 30 227 207 190 184 26 ... \u003cb\u003eTotal\u003c/b\u003e Male Youngsters of the \u003cb\u003eWorld\u003c/b\u003e Figure 5.6 : Size and Ratio of Male Youngsters . by the curve calibrated by the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA151","page_number":"151","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eWorld\u003c/b\u003e $ 11.8 10.5 Europe / Central Asia 9.4 East and North Africa, accompanied by decreasing shares in Central ... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e population in the Middle - East and North Africa . This repre- sents the highest share for all regions in the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA154","page_number":"154","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e Nation Young males % of \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e Nation Young males % of \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e UAE 22.67 Qatar 21.62 UAE Bahrain 17.2 Oman 16.98 15.92 Libya 16.86 Kuwait 16.4 Kuwait 15.59 Jordan 16.15 Bahrain 14.09 Saudi Arabia 15.45 Iran 16.02 Jordan 13.99 Jordan\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA155","page_number":"155","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eTotal\u003c/b\u003e Population 33 an increasing share of the troublesome populatiom 13.24 will rise from 15.81 % in 1995 to 14.22 % by 2050 and place it 9th in the ranking for 2050 . 5.2.3 . Correlation Between the Troublesome Cohort and Social\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA156","page_number":"156","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e Chinese population which is smaller than the projected \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e average of 10.5 % and the US projection of 9.8 % . From the perspective of population changes , the probability for the following five decades seems very small for\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA157","page_number":"157","snippet_text":"... diminish after (A) 16 15 141 133 Young Male % of the \u003cb\u003eTotal\u003c/b\u003e. Figure 5.10: (A) Troublesome Cohort Shares. (B) Troublesome Cohort Shares. Figure 5.10 : ( continued ) Figure 6.2 : Indices. Demographic Changes and Social Instability 157."},{"page_id":"PA161","page_number":"161","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e. Figure 6.1 shows that \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e urban population of these 49 Muslim countries1 increased from about 96 million in 1960 to 554 million (5.8 times) in 2000, and \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e rural population increased from 380 million to 725 mil- lion (1.9\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA165","page_number":"165","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e average, the gap between them has significantly decreased over time. As this figure also shows, the urban ... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e populations inhabit urban areas as of 2000. However, this urbanization took over a hundred years. During the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA168","page_number":"168","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e population 30 40 50 69 70 80 Egypt 37.9 \u003cb\u003eWorld\u003c/b\u003e Senegal 34.7 Cote d\u0026#39;Ivoire 26.9 20 Nigeria 14.4 Mauritania 10 5.8 0 75.3 Turkey Iran 616 57.7 Algeria 54.5 Syria Morocco 47.0 44.0 *** 37.0 Pakistan same period. The large increases in\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA169","page_number":"169","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e population in these ten least- urbanized Muslim countries. Another way to look at urbanization of Muslim countries is to study them relative to the growing number of big cities. Over the 20th century the \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e population became\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA177","page_number":"177","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e . It has adverse effects on demographic transitions in the form of keeping \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e fertility rates high and accelerating population growth . Muslim women also bear a heavy responsibility to raise and educate their children . Being\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA181","page_number":"181","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e average in order to facil- itate comparisons. The GNI per capita is stated in current US dollars for the ... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e number of chil- dren in the \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e increased by 20% in three decades, from 1 468 million in the 1970s to 1 756\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA186","page_number":"186","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e enrollment regardless of the age to the age cohort that officially corresponds to the level of education. For countries with universal primary education, the gross enrollment ratio of primary schools may exceed 100 percent because\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA199","page_number":"199","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has vigorously spread Islamic fundamentalism by building mosques, schools and ... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e. Saudi Arabia\u0026#39;s efforts to build mosques and Islamic centers have reached afar into South America, in such\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA204","page_number":"204","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e fertility rates high and accelerating population growth. Muslim women also bear a heavy responsibility to raise and educate their children. Being semi-illiterate and discriminated against, females become subordinate and under\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA205","page_number":"205","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e in terms of population size , age structure and intellectual quality . Through detailed quantitative ... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e population of the 49 Muslim countries has grown much faster than the \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e population in the last five decades\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA211","page_number":"211","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e covered in this book consists of a variety of nations with different nationalities and races, speaking ... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e and unified way of life, both religious and secular; it is a set of beliefs and a way of worship; it is a vast\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA241","page_number":"241","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e worldview , is the path to justice and socioeconomic equity . In this regard , Islamic fundamentalists look to Muhammad\u0026#39;s example as governor and judge at Medina . 16 Islamic fundamentalists is to establish a pure Islamic state\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA248","page_number":"248","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e population of 1279 million in the 49 Muslim-majority states of the \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e. Most importantly, the Arab \u003cb\u003eworld\u003c/b\u003e contains the dominating oil produc- ers and occupies crucial crossroads and seaways through which oil output reaches\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA277","page_number":"277","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ewhole\u003c/b\u003e ideological fabric ap- pears to be woven from appeals to tradition , ethnicity , and historical grievances both ... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e system that has an innate tendency to activate and reinvigorate from within . Aware of the impact of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA284","page_number":"284","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e bill could come to $ 362 billion . Add to that an estimated 0.5 percent knocked off GDP growth because of high oil prices , and that\u0026#39;s another $ 50 billion \u0026quot; , he says . Add it all up , and the bill comes to nearly $ 4000 per\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA300","page_number":"300","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003etotal\u003c/b\u003e fertility rate 129 , 130 , 133 transitional economies 3 , 7 , 10 Transjordan 224 troublesome cohort 107 , 141 , 149 , 152- 159 , 171 , 178 , 205 , 206 , 256 Tunisia 82 , 84 , 114 , 129 , 154 , 178 , 179 , 216 , 228 , 229 Turkey 23\u0026nbsp;..."}],"search_query_escaped":"world total"},{});</script></div></div></div><script>(function() {var href = window.location.href;if (href.indexOf('?') !== -1) {var parameters = href.split('?')[1].split('&');for (var i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {var param = parameters[i].split('=');if (param[0] == 'focus') {var elem = document.getElementById(param[1]);if (elem) {elem.focus();}}}}})();</script>