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Available in 7 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">7 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%BE%D8%AA" title="دی‌ان‌اس‌کریپت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دی‌ان‌اس‌کریپت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNSCrypt" title="DNSCrypt – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="DNSCrypt" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNSCrypt" title="DNSCrypt – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="DNSCrypt" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNSCrypt" title="DNSCrypt – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="DNSCrypt" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNSCrypt" title="DNSCrypt – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="DNSCrypt" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNSCrypt" title="DNSCrypt – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="DNSCrypt" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNSCrypt" title="DNSCrypt – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="DNSCrypt" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="padding:0.5em 0.66em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-bottom:0.33em;"><a href="/wiki/Internet_security" title="Internet security">Internet security<br />protocols</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-weight:normal;"> Key management</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerberos_(protocol)" title="Kerberos (protocol)">Kerberos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Public_Key_Infrastructure" title="Resource Public Key Infrastructure">RPKI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PKIX" class="mw-redirect" title="PKIX">PKIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_of_trust" title="Web of trust">Web of trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X.509" title="X.509">X.509</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XKMS" title="XKMS">XKMS</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-weight:normal;"> Application layer</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DomainKeys_Identified_Mail" title="DomainKeys Identified Mail">DKIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DMARC" title="DMARC">DMARC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">HTTPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pretty_Good_Privacy" title="Pretty Good Privacy">PGP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sender_ID" title="Sender ID">Sender ID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sender_Policy_Framework" title="Sender Policy Framework">SPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S/MIME" title="S/MIME">S/MIME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSH" class="mw-redirect" title="SSH">SSH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">TLS/SSL</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-weight:normal;"> Domain Name System</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DNS-based_Authentication_of_Named_Entities" title="DNS-based Authentication of Named Entities">DANE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System_Security_Extensions" title="Domain Name System Security Extensions">DNSSEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNS_over_HTTPS" title="DNS over HTTPS">DNS over HTTPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNS_over_TLS" title="DNS over TLS">DNS over TLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNS_Certification_Authority_Authorization" title="DNS Certification Authority Authorization">CAA</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-weight:normal;"> Internet Layer</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Key_Exchange" title="Internet Key Exchange">IKE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPsec" title="IPsec">IPsec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layer_2_Tunneling_Protocol" title="Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol">L2TP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenVPN" title="OpenVPN">OpenVPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point-to-Point_Tunneling_Protocol" title="Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol">PPTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WireGuard" title="WireGuard">WireGuard</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Internet_security_protocols" title="Template:Internet security protocols"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Internet_security_protocols" title="Template talk:Internet security protocols"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Internet_security_protocols" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Internet security protocols"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>DNSCrypt</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Network_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Network protocol">network protocol</a> that authenticates and encrypts <a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">Domain Name System</a> (DNS) traffic between the user's <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Name_server#Recursive_query" title="Name server">recursive name servers</a>. DNSCrypt wraps unmodified DNS traffic between a client and a DNS resolver in a cryptographic construction, preventing eavesdropping and forgery by a <a href="/wiki/Man-in-the-middle_attack" title="Man-in-the-middle attack">man-in-the-middle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It also mitigates <a href="/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol" title="User Datagram Protocol">UDP</a>-based amplification attacks by requiring a question to be at least as large as the corresponding response. Thus, DNSCrypt helps to prevent <a href="/wiki/Denial-of-service_attack#Amplification" title="Denial-of-service attack">DNS amplification attacks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: §9">: §9 </span></sup> </p><p>DNSCrypt was originally designed by Frank Denis and Yecheng Fu. Multiple free and open source software implementations exist. It is available for a variety of operating systems, including Unix, Apple iOS, Linux, Android, and Microsoft Windows.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The free and open source software implementation dnscrypt-proxy<sup id="cite_ref-dnscrypt-proxy_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnscrypt-proxy-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> additionally integrates <a href="/wiki/ODoH" class="mw-redirect" title="ODoH">ODoH</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ODoH_(2022)_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODoH_(2022)-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deployment">Deployment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DNSCrypt&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Deployment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dnscrypt-proxy_as_systemd_service_screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Dnscrypt-proxy_as_systemd_service_screenshot.png/330px-Dnscrypt-proxy_as_systemd_service_screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Dnscrypt-proxy_as_systemd_service_screenshot.png/495px-Dnscrypt-proxy_as_systemd_service_screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Dnscrypt-proxy_as_systemd_service_screenshot.png/660px-Dnscrypt-proxy_as_systemd_service_screenshot.png 2x" data-file-width="1053" data-file-height="437" /></a><figcaption>dnscrypt-proxy, a DNSCrypt client running on <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to private deployments, the DNSCrypt protocol has been adopted by several public DNS resolvers, the vast majority being members of the <a href="/wiki/OpenNIC" title="OpenNIC">OpenNIC</a> network, as well as <a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">virtual private network</a> (VPN) services. </p><p><a href="/wiki/OpenDNS" title="OpenDNS">OpenDNS</a> (now a part of <a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a>) announced the first public DNS service supporting DNSCrypt on 6 December 2011, shortly followed by CloudNS Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 29 March 2016, <a href="/wiki/Yandex" title="Yandex">Yandex</a> announced support for the DNSCrypt protocol on their public DNS servers, as well as in <a href="/wiki/Yandex_Browser" title="Yandex Browser">Yandex Browser</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 14 October 2016, <a href="/wiki/AdGuard" title="AdGuard">AdGuard</a> added DNSCrypt to their DNS filtering module so that users could move from their ISPs to custom or AdGuard's own DNS servers for online privacy and <a href="/wiki/Ad_blocking" title="Ad blocking">ad blocking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 10 September 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Quad9" title="Quad9">Quad9</a> nonprofit public recursive resolver service announced support for DNSCrypt.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other servers that support secure protocol are mentioned in the DNSCrypt creators' list.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protocol">Protocol</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DNSCrypt&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Protocol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>DNSCrypt can be used either over <a href="/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol" title="User Datagram Protocol">UDP</a> or over <a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">TCP</a>. In both cases, <a href="/wiki/Well-known_ports" class="mw-redirect" title="Well-known ports">its default port is 443</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even though the protocol radically differs from <a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">HTTPS</a>, both service types utilize the same <a href="/wiki/Port_(computer_networking)" title="Port (computer networking)">port</a>. However, even though <a href="/wiki/DNS_over_HTTPS" title="DNS over HTTPS">DNS over HTTPS</a> and DNSCrypt are possible on the same port, they must still run separately on different servers. Two server applications cannot run simultaneously on the same server if both utilize the same port for communication; though a multiplexing approach is theoretically possible. </p><p>Instead of relying on trusted <a href="/wiki/Certificate_authorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Certificate authorities">certificate authorities</a> commonly found in web browsers, the client has to explicitly trust the public signing key of the chosen provider. This public key is used to verify a set of certificates, retrieved using conventional DNS queries.<sup id="cite_ref-DNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: §1">: §1 </span></sup> These certificates contain short-term public keys used for key exchange, as well as an identifier of the cipher suite to use. Clients are encouraged to generate a new key for every query, while servers are encouraged to rotate short-term key pairs every 24 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-DNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: §13">: §13 </span></sup> </p><p>The DNSCrypt protocol can also be used for access control or accounting, by accepting only a predefined set of public keys. This can be used by commercial DNS services to identify customers without having to rely on IP addresses.<sup id="cite_ref-DNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: §13">: §13 </span></sup> </p><p>Queries and responses are encrypted using the same algorithm and padded to a multiple of 64 bytes in order to avoid leaking packet sizes. Over UDP, when a response would be larger than the question leading to it, a server can respond with a short packet whose TC (truncated) bit has been set. The client should then retry using TCP and increase the padding of subsequent queries.<sup id="cite_ref-DNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: §9">: §9 </span></sup> </p><p>Versions 1 and 2 of the protocol use the <a href="/wiki/X25519" class="mw-redirect" title="X25519">X25519</a> algorithm for key exchange, <a href="/wiki/EdDSA" title="EdDSA">EdDSA</a> for signatures, as well as <a href="/wiki/ChaCha20-Poly1305#Salsa20-Poly1305_and_XSalsa20-Poly1305" title="ChaCha20-Poly1305">XSalsa20-Poly1305</a> or <a href="/wiki/ChaCha20-Poly1305#XChaCha20-Poly1305_-_Extended_Nonce_Variant" title="ChaCha20-Poly1305">XChaCha20-Poly1305</a> for authenticated encryption.<sup id="cite_ref-DNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: §11">: §11 </span></sup> </p><p>As of 2023, there are no known vulnerabilities in the DNSCrypt protocol nor practical attacks against its underlying cryptographic constructions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anonymized_DNSCrypt">Anonymized DNSCrypt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DNSCrypt&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Anonymized DNSCrypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anonymized DNSCrypt is a protocol extension proposed in 2019 to further improve DNS privacy.<sup id="cite_ref-Anonymized_DNSCrypt_specification_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anonymized_DNSCrypt_specification-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Instead of directly responding to clients, a resolver can act as a transparent proxy to another resolver, hiding the real client IP to the latter. Anonymized DNSCrypt, specifically designed for DNS traffic, is a lightweight alternative to running DNSCrypt through Tor and SOCKS proxies.<sup id="cite_ref-Anonymized_DNSCrypt_specification_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anonymized_DNSCrypt_specification-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Deployment of Anonymized DNSCrypt started in October 2019, and the protocol adoption was fast, with 40 DNS relays being set up only two weeks after the public availability of client and server implementations.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DNSCrypt&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DNS_over_HTTPS" title="DNS over HTTPS">DNS over HTTPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNS_over_TLS" title="DNS over TLS">DNS over TLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System_Security_Extensions" title="Domain Name System Security Extensions">Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliptic_curve_cryptography" class="mw-redirect" title="Elliptic curve cryptography">Elliptic curve cryptography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curve25519" title="Curve25519">Curve25519</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNSCurve" title="DNSCurve">DNSCurve</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DNSCrypt&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBiggs2011" class="citation web cs1">Biggs, John (6 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2011/12/05/dnscrypt-encrypts-your-dns-traffic-because-theres-always-someone-out-to-get-you/">"DNSCrypt Encrypts Your DNS Traffic Because There's Always Someone Out To Get You"</a>. <i>TechCrunch</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TechCrunch&rft.atitle=DNSCrypt+Encrypts+Your+DNS+Traffic+Because+There%27s+Always+Someone+Out+To+Get+You&rft.date=2011-12-06&rft.aulast=Biggs&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2011%2F12%2F05%2Fdnscrypt-encrypts-your-dns-traffic-because-theres-always-someone-out-to-get-you%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADNSCrypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-protocol/blob/master/DNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL.txt">"DNSCrypt version 2 protocol specification (DNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL.txt)"</a>. <i>GitHub/DNSCrypt</i>. <q>(UDP) The response length should always be equal to or shorter than the initial client query length.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub%2FDNSCrypt&rft.atitle=DNSCrypt+version+2+protocol+specification+%28DNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL.txt%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FDNSCrypt%2Fdnscrypt-protocol%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FDNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADNSCrypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dnscrypt.info/implementations">"DNSCrypt - Implementations"</a>. <i>dnscrypt.info</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dnscrypt.info&rft.atitle=DNSCrypt+-+Implementations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdnscrypt.info%2Fimplementations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADNSCrypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dnscrypt-proxy-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dnscrypt-proxy_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/jedisct1/dnscrypt-proxy">"DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy: dnscrypt-proxy 2 - A flexible DNS proxy, with support for encrypted DNS protocols"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>. DNSCrypt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160120133756/https://github.com/jedisct1/dnscrypt-proxy">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=DNSCrypt%2Fdnscrypt-proxy%3A+dnscrypt-proxy+2+-+A+flexible+DNS+proxy%2C+with+support+for+encrypted+DNS+protocols.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fjedisct1%2Fdnscrypt-proxy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADNSCrypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODoH_(2022)-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODoH_(2022)_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy/wiki/Oblivious-DoH">"Oblivious DoH · DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy Wiki"</a>. <i>GitHub</i>. DNSCrypt project<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=Oblivious+DoH+%C2%B7+DNSCrypt%2Fdnscrypt-proxy+Wiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FDNSCrypt%2Fdnscrypt-proxy%2Fwiki%2FOblivious-DoH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADNSCrypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUlevitch2011" class="citation web cs1">Ulevitch, David (6 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://umbrella.cisco.com/blog/dnscrypt-critical-fundamental-and-about-time">"DNSCrypt – Critical, fundamental, and about time"</a>. <i>Cisco Umbrella</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200701221715/https://umbrella.cisco.com/blog/dnscrypt-critical-fundamental-and-about-time">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cisco+Umbrella&rft.atitle=DNSCrypt+%E2%80%93+Critical%2C+fundamental%2C+and+about+time.&rft.date=2011-12-06&rft.aulast=Ulevitch&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fumbrella.cisco.com%2Fblog%2Fdnscrypt-critical-fundamental-and-about-time&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADNSCrypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912055134/https://blog.adguard.com/en/adguard-dns-now-supports-dnscrypt/">"AdGuard DNS Now Supports DNSCrypt"</a>. <i>AdGuard Blog</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.adguard.com/en/adguard-dns-now-supports-dnscrypt">the original</a> on 12 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AdGuard+Blog&rft.atitle=AdGuard+DNS+Now+Supports+DNSCrypt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.adguard.com%2Fen%2Fadguard-dns-now-supports-dnscrypt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADNSCrypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kb.adguard.com/en/general/dns-filtering-android">"DNS filtering"</a>. <i>AdGuard Knowledgebase</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170911204622/https://kb.adguard.com/en/general/dns-filtering-android">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AdGuard+Knowledgebase&rft.atitle=DNS+filtering&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkb.adguard.com%2Fen%2Fgeneral%2Fdns-filtering-android&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADNSCrypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.quad9.net/privacy-dnscrypt-testing/">"DNSCrypt Now in Testing"</a>. <i>Quad9 Blog</i>. 30 August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228005446/https://www.quad9.net/privacy-dnscrypt-testing/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quad9+Blog&rft.atitle=DNSCrypt+Now+in+Testing&rft.date=2018-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.quad9.net%2Fprivacy-dnscrypt-testing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADNSCrypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dnscrypt.info/public-servers">"DNSCrypt - List of public DoH and DNSCrypt servers"</a>. <i>DNSCrypt</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200619223107/https://dnscrypt.info/public-servers/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DNSCrypt&rft.atitle=DNSCrypt+-+List+of+public+DoH+and+DNSCrypt+servers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdnscrypt.info%2Fpublic-servers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADNSCrypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anonymized_DNSCrypt_specification-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Anonymized_DNSCrypt_specification_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anonymized_DNSCrypt_specification_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-protocol/blob/master/ANONYMIZED-DNSCRYPT.txt">"Anonymized DNSCrypt specification"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>. DNSCrypt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191025094649/https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-protocol/master/ANONYMIZED-DNSCRYPT.txt">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=Anonymized+DNSCrypt+specification&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FDNSCrypt%2Fdnscrypt-protocol%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FANONYMIZED-DNSCRYPT.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADNSCrypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-resolvers/blob/1d35de0dc4423c4a1293c78ec0edf0728d3f7f4c/v2/relays.md">"Anonymized DNS relays"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>. DNSCrypt. 1 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200701222822/https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-resolvers/blob/1d35de0dc4423c4a1293c78ec0edf0728d3f7f4c/v2/relays.md">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=Anonymized+DNS+relays&rft.date=2019-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2FDNSCrypt%2Fdnscrypt-resolvers%2Fblob%2F1d35de0dc4423c4a1293c78ec0edf0728d3f7f4c%2Fv2%2Frelays.md&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADNSCrypt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DNSCrypt&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dnscrypt.info/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22569635#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-protocol/blob/master/DNSCRYPT-V2-PROTOCOL.txt">DNSCrypt protocol specification</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-protocol/blob/master/ANONYMIZED-DNSCRYPT.txt">Anonymized DNSCrypt specification</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Internet_censorship_circumvention_technologies492" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Internet_censorship_circumvention_technologies" title="Template:Internet censorship circumvention technologies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Internet_censorship_circumvention_technologies" title="Template talk:Internet censorship circumvention technologies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Internet_censorship_circumvention_technologies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Internet censorship circumvention technologies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Internet_censorship_circumvention_technologies492" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_circumvention" title="Internet censorship circumvention">Internet censorship circumvention</a> technologies</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship" title="Internet censorship">Internet censorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_China" title="Internet censorship in China">Internet censorship in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_intranet" title="National intranet">National intranet</a></li></ul></li> <li>Censorship and blocking technologies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IP_address_blocking" title="IP address blocking">IP address blocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNS_spoofing" title="DNS spoofing">DNS cache poisoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wordfilter" title="Wordfilter">Wordfilter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Firewall" title="Great Firewall">Great Firewall of China</a></li></ul></li> <li>Blocks on specific websites <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Facebook" title="Censorship of Facebook">Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_GitHub" title="Censorship of GitHub">GitHub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Twitter" title="Censorship of Twitter">Twitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Wikipedia" title="Censorship of Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">With a <a href="/wiki/Proxy_server" title="Proxy server">proxy server</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">P2P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_proxies" class="mw-redirect" title="Web proxies">Web proxies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Shell" title="Secure Shell">SSH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">VPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxy_auto-config" title="Proxy auto-config">PAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Without a proxy server</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">HTTPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPv6_transition_mechanism" title="IPv6 transition mechanism">IPv6 transition mechanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosts_(file)" title="Hosts (file)">hosts</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">DNSCrypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain_fronting" title="Domain fronting">Domain fronting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refraction_networking" title="Refraction networking">Refraction networking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anti-censorship software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">Free software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psiphon" title="Psiphon">Psiphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadowsocks" title="Shadowsocks">Shadowsocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OnionShare" title="OnionShare">OnionShare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbot" title="Orbot">Orbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_VPN" title="Outline VPN">Outline VPN</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/GoAgent" title="GoAgent">GoAgent</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PirateBox" title="PirateBox">PirateBox</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SoftEther_VPN" title="SoftEther VPN">VPN Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WireGuard" title="WireGuard">WireGuard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proprietary software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lantern_(software)" title="Lantern (software)">Lantern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freegate" title="Freegate">Freegate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultrasurf" title="Ultrasurf">Ultrasurf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotspot_Shield" title="Hotspot Shield">Hotspot Shield</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Telex_(anti-censorship_system)" title="Telex (anti-censorship system)">Telex</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxify" title="Proxify">Proxify</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Browser extensions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snowflake_(software)" title="Snowflake (software)">Snowflake</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/UProxy" title="UProxy">uProxy</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anonymity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anonymous software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tor_(network)" title="Tor (network)">Tor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Anon_Proxy" title="Java Anon Proxy">JAP (JonDonym)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_proxy" title="Flash proxy">Flash proxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixmaster_anonymous_remailer" title="Mixmaster anonymous remailer">Mixmaster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_P2P" title="Anonymous P2P">Anonymous P2P</a> network</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freenet" class="mw-redirect" title="Freenet">Freenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I2P" title="I2P">I2P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StealthNet" title="StealthNet">StealthNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribler" title="Tribler">Tribler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZeroNet" title="ZeroNet">ZeroNet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physical circumvention methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sneakernet" title="Sneakernet">Sneakernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB_dead_drop" title="USB dead drop">USB dead drop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relevant organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GreatFire" title="GreatFire">GreatFire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FreeWeibo" title="FreeWeibo">FreeWeibo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetBlocks" title="NetBlocks">NetBlocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OONI" title="OONI">OONI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_Blocks" title="Turkey Blocks">Turkey Blocks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reference</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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