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.infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Open Observatory of Network Interference (OONI)</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:OONI_logo_(without_wordmark).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/OONI_logo_%28without_wordmark%29.svg/250px-OONI_logo_%28without_wordmark%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/OONI_logo_%28without_wordmark%29.svg/330px-OONI_logo_%28without_wordmark%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/OONI_logo_%28without_wordmark%29.svg/440px-OONI_logo_%28without_wordmark%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="377" data-file-height="377" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">2012<span class="noprint">; 13 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2012</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">Non-governmental organization</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ooni.org">ooni<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Open Observatory of Network Interference (OONI)</b> is a project that monitors <a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship" title="Internet censorship">internet censorship</a> globally.<sup id="cite_ref-Open_Observatory_of_Network_Interference_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Open_Observatory_of_Network_Interference-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It relies on volunteers to run software that detects blocking and reports the findings to the organization.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of June 2023, OONI has analyzed 1,468.4 million network connections in 241 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OONI&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miniooni-linux_command_line_screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Miniooni-linux_command_line_screenshot.png/220px-Miniooni-linux_command_line_screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Miniooni-linux_command_line_screenshot.png/330px-Miniooni-linux_command_line_screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Miniooni-linux_command_line_screenshot.png/440px-Miniooni-linux_command_line_screenshot.png 2x" data-file-width="839" data-file-height="594" /></a><figcaption>Screenshot of <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">miniooni</code> command line software</figcaption></figure> <p>OONI was officially launched in 2012 as a free software project under <a href="/wiki/The_Tor_Project" title="The Tor Project">The Tor Project</a>, aiming to study and showcase global <a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship" title="Internet censorship">internet censorship</a>. In 2017, OONI launched OONI Probe,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a mobile app that runs a series of network measurements. These measurements detects blocked websites, apps, and other tools in addition to the presence of middleboxes.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-About_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Results of these tests can be utilized through the OONI Explorer and API.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Till 2018 the project received $1,286,070 of funding from the <i><a href="/wiki/Open_Technology_Fund" title="Open Technology Fund">Open Technology Fund</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tests">Tests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OONI&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Tests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OONI_Probe_dashboard_screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/OONI_Probe_dashboard_screenshot.png/220px-OONI_Probe_dashboard_screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/OONI_Probe_dashboard_screenshot.png/330px-OONI_Probe_dashboard_screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/OONI_Probe_dashboard_screenshot.png/440px-OONI_Probe_dashboard_screenshot.png 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="950" /></a><figcaption>Screenshot of OONI Probe app dashboard</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OONI_probe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/OONI_probe.jpg/220px-OONI_probe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="422" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/OONI_probe.jpg/330px-OONI_probe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/OONI_probe.jpg/440px-OONI_probe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Screenshot of OONI Probe app stating a website might have been blocked by means of TCP/IP based blocking.</figcaption></figure> <p>The current tests deployed by OONI are as follows: </p> <ul><li>Web connectivity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">DNS</a> consistency</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">HTTP</a> host</li> <li>HTTP requests</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Messenger" class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook Messenger">Facebook Messenger</a> access</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegram_(software)" title="Telegram (software)">Telegram</a> access</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a> access</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_(messaging_app)" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal (messaging app)">Signal (software)</a> access</li> <li>HTTP header field manipulation detection</li> <li>HTTP invalid request line detection</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trac.torproject.org/projects/tor/wiki/doc/meek">Meek</a> fronted requests</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_(anonymity_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor (anonymity network)">Tor</a> bridge access</li> <li>Vanilla Tor access</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lantern_(software)" title="Lantern (software)">Lantern</a> access</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psiphon" title="Psiphon">Psiphon</a> access</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Adaptive_Streaming_over_HTTP" title="Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP">Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP</a> streaming</li> <li>NDT (Network Diagnostic Test) <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_cases">Notable cases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OONI&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notable cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>OONI has confirmed data analyzing the <a href="/wiki/2019_Internet_blackout_in_Iran" title="2019 Internet blackout in Iran">2019 Internet blackout in Iran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 24 February 2019, Cuban independent news outlet <i>Tremenda Nota</i> confirmed the blocking of its website a few hours before a referendum in <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>. A new <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">Constitution</a> was voted in the country for the first time in decades. OONI network measurement data confirmed the blocking of the site along with several other independent media websites during the referendum.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The network had previously confirmed 41 websites blocked in the country in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cases of internet censorship and network disruptions during <a href="/wiki/Election" title="Election">elections</a> have also been detected in <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2019, OONI reported that the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Government">Chinese Government</a> blocked all language editions of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, OONI confirmed that most Russian Internet Service Providers started blocking access to <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interfax" title="Interfax">Interfax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meduza" title="Meduza">Meduza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dozhd" class="mw-redirect" title="Dozhd">Dozhd</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_Times_(magazine)" title="The New Times (magazine)">The New Times</a> and <a href="/wiki/Look_for_Your_Own" title="Look for Your Own">200rf</a> (a website launched by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine to enable Russians to find their family members who were captured or killed during the war).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OONI&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ooni.org/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ooni.org/install">OONI Probe installation page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.ooni.org/">OONI Explorer</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OONI&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Open_Observatory_of_Network_Interference-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Open_Observatory_of_Network_Interference_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ooni.org/">"Open Observatory of Network Interference"</a>. <i>ooni.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Wikipedia+Is+Now+Banned+in+China+in+All+Languages&rft.aulast=LEUNG&rft.aufirst=HILLARY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5589439%2Fchina-wikipedia-online-censorship%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOONI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ooni.org/post/2019-china-wikipedia-blocking/">"China is now blocking all language editions of Wikipedia"</a>. <i>ooni.org</i>. 4 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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