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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_descriptions_of_the_proa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_descriptions_of_the_proa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historical descriptions of the proa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_descriptions_of_the_proa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Modern variations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Western_proas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Western_proas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Early Western proas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_Western_proas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Early Western proas subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Early_Western_proas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Royal_Mersey_Yacht_Club" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_Mersey_Yacht_Club"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Royal Mersey Yacht Club</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_Mersey_Yacht_Club-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Munroe's_1898_proa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Munroe's_1898_proa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Munroe's 1898 proa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Munroe's_1898_proa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roosevelt's_Mary_&_Lamb" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roosevelt's_Mary_&_Lamb"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Roosevelt's Mary & Lamb</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roosevelt's_Mary_&_Lamb-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Munroe's_1900_Proa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Munroe's_1900_Proa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Munroe's 1900 Proa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Munroe's_1900_Proa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Western_interpretations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Western_interpretations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other Western interpretations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_Western_interpretations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other Western interpretations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_Western_interpretations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lee_pods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lee_pods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Lee pods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lee_pods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sail_rigs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sail_rigs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Sail rigs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sail_rigs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foils" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foils"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Foils</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foils-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variations_on_the_theme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variations_on_the_theme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Variations on the theme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variations_on_the_theme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Speed_records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Speed_records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Speed records</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Speed_records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources_of_information_on_proas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources_of_information_on_proas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Sources of information on proas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources_of_information_on_proas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Individual_proa_designs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individual_proa_designs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Individual proa designs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individual_proa_designs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Prao" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prao" title="Prao – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Prao" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prahos" title="Prahos – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Prahos" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proa" title="Proa – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Proa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proa" title="Proa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Proa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proa" title="Proa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Proa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B0" title="Проа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Проа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prao" title="Prao – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prao" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proa" title="Proa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Proa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B0" title="Проа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Проа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of multihull sailboat</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the sailboat. For the German basketball league, see <a href="/wiki/ProA" title="ProA">ProA</a>. For the dinosaur, see <a href="/wiki/Proa_valdearinnoensis" title="Proa valdearinnoensis">Proa valdearinnoensis</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Proa1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Proa1.jpg/250px-Proa1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Proa1.jpg/330px-Proa1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Proa1.jpg/500px-Proa1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1032" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Carolinian</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Wa_(watercraft)" title="Wa (watercraft)">wa</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Pohnpei" title="Pohnpei">Pohnpei</a> with a single <a href="/wiki/Outrigger" title="Outrigger">outrigger</a> typical of Pacific proas</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/CanoeTacking.webm/220px--CanoeTacking.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="77" data-mwtitle="CanoeTacking.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:CanoeTacking.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/CanoeTacking.webm/CanoeTacking.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/CanoeTacking.webm/CanoeTacking.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/CanoeTacking.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/CanoeTacking.webm/CanoeTacking.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/CanoeTacking.webm/CanoeTacking.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/CanoeTacking.webm/CanoeTacking.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/CanoeTacking.webm/CanoeTacking.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Shunting maneuver on a Pacific <a href="/wiki/Single-outrigger" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-outrigger">single-outrigger</a> proa</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boracay_paraw_sailboats_010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Boracay_paraw_sailboats_010.jpg/220px-Boracay_paraw_sailboats_010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Boracay_paraw_sailboats_010.jpg/330px-Boracay_paraw_sailboats_010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Boracay_paraw_sailboats_010.jpg/440px-Boracay_paraw_sailboats_010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A <i><a href="/wiki/Paraw" title="Paraw">paraw</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Boracay" title="Boracay">Boracay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, with the double-outriggers typical of Southeast Asian proas</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Austronesian_Sail_Types.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Austronesian_Sail_Types.png/220px-Austronesian_Sail_Types.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Austronesian_Sail_Types.png/330px-Austronesian_Sail_Types.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Austronesian_Sail_Types.png/440px-Austronesian_Sail_Types.png 2x" data-file-width="994" data-file-height="979" /></a><figcaption>Traditional <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian people">Austronesian</a> generalized sail types.<sup id="cite_ref-Doran1981_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doran1981-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /><b>A</b>: Double sprit (<a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>) <br /><b>B</b>: <a href="/wiki/Spritsail" title="Spritsail">Common sprit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>) <br /><b>C</b>: <a href="/wiki/Crab_claw_sail" title="Crab claw sail">Oceanic sprit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a>) <br /><b>D</b>: Oceanic sprit (<a href="/wiki/Marquesas" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquesas">Marquesas</a>) <br /><b>E</b>: Oceanic sprit (<a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>) <br /><b>F</b>: <a href="/wiki/Crab_claw_sail" title="Crab claw sail">Crane sprit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>) <br /><b>G</b>: <a href="/wiki/Tanja_sail" title="Tanja sail">Rectangular boom lug</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku Islands</a>) <br /><b>H</b>: <a href="/wiki/Lug_sail" title="Lug sail">Square boom lug</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Thailand" title="Gulf of Thailand">Gulf of Thailand</a>) <br /><b>I</b>: <a href="/wiki/Lug_sail" title="Lug sail">Trapezial boom lug</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Proas</b> are various types of <a href="/wiki/Multihull" title="Multihull">multi-hull</a> <a href="/wiki/Outrigger_boat" title="Outrigger boat">outrigger</a> <a href="/wiki/Sailboat" title="Sailboat">sailboats</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian peoples</a>. The terms were used for native <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_ships" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian ships">Austronesian ships</a> in European records during the <a href="/wiki/European_colonisation_of_Southeast_Asia" title="European colonisation of Southeast Asia">Colonial era</a> indiscriminately, and thus can confusingly refer to the double-ended <a href="/wiki/Single-outrigger" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-outrigger">single-outrigger</a> boats of <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Double-outrigger" class="mw-redirect" title="Double-outrigger">double-outrigger</a> boats of <a href="/wiki/Island_Southeast_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Island Southeast Asia">Island Southeast Asia</a>, and sometimes ships with no outriggers or sails at all. </p><p>In its most common usage, the term <i>proa</i> refers to the Pacific proas which consist of two (usually) unequal-length parallel <a href="/wiki/Hull_(watercraft)" title="Hull (watercraft)">hulls</a>. It is sailed so that one hull is kept to <a href="/wiki/Windward_and_leeward" title="Windward and leeward">windward</a>, and the other to <a href="/wiki/Windward_and_leeward" title="Windward and leeward">leeward</a>. It is double-ended, since it needs to "<a href="/wiki/Shunting_(sailing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shunting (sailing)">shunt</a>" to reverse direction when <a href="/wiki/Tacking_(sailing)" title="Tacking (sailing)">tacking</a>. It is most famously used for the <i><a href="/wiki/Sakman" title="Sakman">sakman</a></i> ships of the <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro people</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Marianas" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Marianas">Northern Marianas</a>, which were known as the "flying proas" for their remarkable speed.<sup id="cite_ref-Folkard_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Folkard-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Island Southeast Asia, the term <i>proa</i> may also sometimes be used, but the terms <b>perahu</b>, <b>prau</b>, <b>prahu</b>, <b>paraw</b> and <b>prow</b> are more common. These differ from the Pacific proas in that they are not double-ended and have a <a href="/wiki/Trimaran" title="Trimaran">trimaran</a> configuration with two <a href="/wiki/Outrigger" title="Outrigger">outriggers</a>. These are widely used in the native ships of <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, and continue to be used today as traditional fishing, cargo, and transport vessels. </p><p>Proas are traditionally rigged with the <a href="/wiki/Crab_claw_sail" title="Crab claw sail">crab claw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tanja_sail" title="Tanja sail">tanja sails</a>. The modern proa exists in a wide variety of forms, from the traditional archetype still common in areas described, to high-technology interpretations specifically designed for breaking speed-sailing records. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "proa" originates from <a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_English" title="Early Modern English">Early Modern English</a> "prow" or "praw". It probably entered the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a> via <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> <i>prauw</i> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> <i>parau</i>, similar to <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> <i>proa</i>, meaning "<a href="/wiki/Bow_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow (ship)">bow</a>". It is likely ultimately derived from <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/perahu" class="extiw" title="wikt:perahu">perahu</a></i> meaning "boat", from the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Western-Malayo-Polynesian" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Western-Malayo-Polynesian">Proto-Western-Malayo-Polynesian</a> <a href="/wiki/Doublet_(linguistics)" title="Doublet (linguistics)">doublets</a> *parahu and *padaw, both meaning "sailboat". Its <a href="/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">cognates</a> in other <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian languages</a> include <a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a> <i>prau</i>, <a href="/wiki/Sundanese_language" title="Sundanese language">Sundanese</a> <i>parahu</i>, <a href="/wiki/Kadazan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadazan language">Kadazan</a> <i>padau</i>, <a href="/wiki/Maranao_language" title="Maranao language">Maranao</a> <i>padaw</i>, <a href="/wiki/Cebuano_language" title="Cebuano language">Cebuano</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%A1w" class="mw-redirect" title="Paráw">paráw</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Ngadha_language" title="Ngadha language">Ngadha</a> <i>barau</i>, <a href="/wiki/Gilbertese_language" title="Gilbertese language">Kiribati</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Baurua" title="Baurua">baurua</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Samoan_language" title="Samoan language">Samoan</a> <i>folau</i>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_language" title="Hawaiian language">Hawaiian</a> <i>halau</i>, and <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a> <i>wharau</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mahdi1999_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahdi1999-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-blackburn_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blackburn-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Outrigger_boat" title="Outrigger boat">Outrigger boat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_expansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian expansion">Austronesian expansion</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg/330px-Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg/500px-Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg/960px-Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1053" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the migration and expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Austronesians" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesians">Austronesians</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Succession_of_forms_in_the_development_of_the_Austronesian_boat.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Succession_of_forms_in_the_development_of_the_Austronesian_boat.png/250px-Succession_of_forms_in_the_development_of_the_Austronesian_boat.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Succession_of_forms_in_the_development_of_the_Austronesian_boat.png/330px-Succession_of_forms_in_the_development_of_the_Austronesian_boat.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Succession_of_forms_in_the_development_of_the_Austronesian_boat.png/500px-Succession_of_forms_in_the_development_of_the_Austronesian_boat.png 2x" data-file-width="2364" data-file-height="1260" /></a><figcaption>Succession of forms in the development of the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian</a> boat (Mahdi, 1999)<sup id="cite_ref-Mahdi1999_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahdi1999-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Catamaran" title="Catamaran">Catamarans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Outrigger_boat" title="Outrigger boat">outrigger boats</a> were very early innovations of the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian peoples</a> and were the first true ocean-going ships capable of crossing vast distances of water. This enabled the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian peoples</a> to rapidly spread from <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> and colonize the islands of both the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian</a> oceans since at least 2200 BC. The first outriggers evolved from the more primitive double-hulled <a href="/wiki/Catamaran" title="Catamaran">catamarans</a>. There are two types of outrigger ships based on the number of <a href="/wiki/Outrigger" title="Outrigger">outriggers</a>: the single-outriggers (which include catamarans with unequal hulls) and the double-outriggers (sometimes called <a href="/wiki/Trimaran" title="Trimaran">trimarans</a>). Single-outriggers evolved first and are the dominant form of Austronesians ships in <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>. They have largely been replaced by the more versatile double-outrigger ships in <a href="/wiki/Island_Southeast_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Island Southeast Asia">Island Southeast Asia</a>. Double-outrigger forms, however, are absent entirely in Oceania.<sup id="cite_ref-Mahdi1999_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahdi1999-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Doran1974_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doran1974-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Doran1981_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doran1981-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Catamaran and outrigger technologies were introduced by Austronesian traders from Southeast Asia to the <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian</a>-speaking peoples of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern India">Southern India</a> as early as 1000 to 600 BC. This is still evident in the terms for "boat" in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada</a> (<i>paṭavu</i>, <i>paḍava</i>, and <i>paḍahu</i>, respectively), which are all cognates of <a href="/wiki/Proto-Western-Malayo-Polynesian" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Western-Malayo-Polynesian">Proto-Western-Malayo-Polynesian</a> *padaw. Early contact by Austronesians with <a href="/wiki/Arab_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab people">Arab</a> sailors may have also influenced the development of the <a href="/wiki/Lateen_sail" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateen sail">lateen sail</a> in western ship traditions, derived from the more ancient Austronesian <a href="/wiki/Crab_claw_sail" title="Crab claw sail">crab claw sail</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mahdi1999_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahdi1999-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hourani_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hourani-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of these traditional vessels are now extinct. Either lost during the colonial period or supplanted in modern times by western boat designs or fitted with motor engines.<sup id="cite_ref-blackburn_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blackburn-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Goetzfridt_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goetzfridt-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_descriptions_of_the_proa">Historical descriptions of the proa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Historical descriptions of the proa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joangan,_or_the_Spanish-built_Joanga.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Joangan%2C_or_the_Spanish-built_Joanga.jpg/220px-Joangan%2C_or_the_Spanish-built_Joanga.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Joangan%2C_or_the_Spanish-built_Joanga.jpg/330px-Joangan%2C_or_the_Spanish-built_Joanga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Joangan%2C_or_the_Spanish-built_Joanga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="284" /></a><figcaption>An illustration of a Spanish-built <i><a href="/wiki/Joangan" class="mw-redirect" title="Joangan">joangan</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ignacio_Alcina" title="Francisco Ignacio Alcina">Francisco Ignacio Alcina</a>'s <i>Historia de las islas e indios de Bisayas</i> (1668)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a> were the first Europeans to encounter the double-outrigger Southeast Asian ships, initially with derivative vessels from the <a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar Coast</a>, which they called the <i>parau</i>. They applied the same name to similar ships in their colonies in Southeast Asia. Similarly, the Dutch encountered them when they colonized the islands of <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, calling them <i>prauw</i>. This was rendered as "praw" by the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a>, later evolving to "proa". In <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French</a> territories in the Pacific Islands, they were known by the more general term <i><a href="/wiki/Pirogue" title="Pirogue">pirogue</a></i>. Although technically restricted to outrigger sailing vessels, European sources often applied the term indiscriminately to any native ships of Southeast Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-Folkard_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Folkard-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-blackburn_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blackburn-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Piratical_Proa_in_Full_Chase.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/A_Piratical_Proa_in_Full_Chase.jpg/250px-A_Piratical_Proa_in_Full_Chase.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/A_Piratical_Proa_in_Full_Chase.jpg/330px-A_Piratical_Proa_in_Full_Chase.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/A_Piratical_Proa_in_Full_Chase.jpg/500px-A_Piratical_Proa_in_Full_Chase.jpg 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>A "piratical proa in full chase" in <i>The Pirates Own Book</i> (1837) by Charles Elims. Note the <a href="/wiki/Tanja_sail" title="Tanja sail">tanja sail</a> and the absence of outriggers.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anson_proa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Anson_proa.jpg/250px-Anson_proa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Anson_proa.jpg/330px-Anson_proa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Anson_proa.jpg/500px-Anson_proa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1347" data-file-height="627" /></a><figcaption>Plan of a <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesian</a> "flying proa", from a 1742 sketch by <a href="/wiki/Peircy_Brett" title="Peircy Brett">Lt. Peircy Brett</a>, an officer on Lord Anson's round-the-world voyage</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest written accounts of the single-outrigger Pacific proa (though not by name) were by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian</a> scholar <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Pigafetta" title="Antonio Pigafetta">Antonio Pigafetta</a>, who was part of <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a>'s 1519–1522 circumnavigation. They encountered the native <i><a href="/wiki/Sakman" title="Sakman">sakman</a></i> ships of the <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro people</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Marianas" class="mw-redirect" title="Marianas">Islas de los Ladrones</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a>). Pigafetta describes the outrigger layout of the <i>sakman</i>, and ability to switch bow for stern, and also notes its speed and maneuverability, noting, "And although the ships were under full sail, they passed between them and the small boats (fastened astern), very adroitly in those small boats of theirs." Pigafetta likened the <i>sakman</i> to the <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venetian</a> <i>fisolere</i>, a narrow variety of <a href="/wiki/Gondola" title="Gondola">gondola</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pigafetta_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pigafetta-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Vlerkprauw_met_gehesen_zeil_op_het_strand_TMnr_20025613.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Vlerkprauw_met_gehesen_zeil_op_het_strand_TMnr_20025613.jpg/250px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Vlerkprauw_met_gehesen_zeil_op_het_strand_TMnr_20025613.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Vlerkprauw_met_gehesen_zeil_op_het_strand_TMnr_20025613.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Vlerkprauw_met_gehesen_zeil_op_het_strand_TMnr_20025613.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Vlerkprauw_met_gehesen_zeil_op_het_strand_TMnr_20025613.jpg/500px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Vlerkprauw_met_gehesen_zeil_op_het_strand_TMnr_20025613.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>A double-outrigger <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesian</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Jukung" title="Jukung">jukung</a></i> (c. 1970) with a <a href="/wiki/Crab_claw_sail" title="Crab claw sail">crab claw sail</a>. These were known by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a> as <i>vlerkprauw</i> (literally "wing <i>prauw</i>). It is one of the vessels known as "proas" in <a href="/wiki/Island_Southeast_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Island Southeast Asia">Island Southeast Asia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The accounts of Magellan's crew were the first to describe the <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro</a> proas as "flying". The subsequent <a href="/wiki/Spanish_East_Indies" title="Spanish East Indies">colonization of the Micronesia and the Philippines</a> provided further references to proas in <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish</a> records.<sup id="cite_ref-Goetzfridt_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goetzfridt-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also described double-outrigger ships from the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, like the account of the <i><a href="/wiki/Karakoa" title="Karakoa">karakoa</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ignacio_Alcina" title="Francisco Ignacio Alcina">Francisco Ignacio Alcina</a>'s <i>Historia de las islas e indios de Bisayas</i> (1668) which describes them as "sailing like birds."<sup id="cite_ref-alcina_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alcina-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his <a href="/wiki/George_Anson%27s_voyage_around_the_world" title="George Anson's voyage around the world">1740–1744 circumnavigation</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Anson,_1st_Baron_Anson" title="George Anson, 1st Baron Anson">Lord Anson</a> applied the term proa to the double-ended Micronesian single-outrigger ships. His fleet captured one in 1742, and <a href="/wiki/Peircy_Brett" title="Peircy Brett">Lt. Peircy Brett</a> of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Centurion_(1732)" title="HMS Centurion (1732)">HMS <i>Centurion</i></a> made a detailed sketch of the proa.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rev. Richard Walter, chaplain of <i>Centurion</i>, estimated the speed of the proa at twenty miles per hour (32 km/h).<sup id="cite_ref-Folkard_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Folkard-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although aware of earlier <a href="/wiki/Spanish_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish empire">Spanish accounts</a> of the boats of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_East_Indies" title="Spanish East Indies">Spanish East Indies</a>, Anson's account was the first detailed description of a Pacific proa to the English-speaking world.<sup id="cite_ref-charnock_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-charnock-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the subsequent voyages of <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> in <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a>, he referred to the similar native single-outrigger canoes there as "proes", differentiating them from the double-hulled <a href="/wiki/Catamaran" title="Catamaran">catamarans</a> which he called "pahee" (Tahitian <i><a href="/wiki/Pahi_(ship)" title="Pahi (ship)">pahi</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Finney_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Finney-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These accounts fascinated both the British and American public, ushering in a period of interest in the design by <a href="/wiki/Sailing_(sport)" title="Sailing (sport)">sports sailors</a>. Working from the drawings and descriptions of explorers, western builders often took liberties with the traditional designs, merging their interpretation of native designs with Western boat building methods. Thus this Western "proa" often diverged radically from the traditional "proa" to the point that the only shared feature was the windward/leeward hull arrangement.<sup id="cite_ref-charnock_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-charnock-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><i>The Proa darted like a shooting star</i></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Gordon_Byron,_6th_Baron_Byron" class="mw-redirect" title="George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron">Lord Byron</a>, "The Island", 1823</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_variations">Modern variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modern variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bikini_Atoll_proa_being_loaded.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Bikini_Atoll_proa_being_loaded.jpg/220px-Bikini_Atoll_proa_being_loaded.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Bikini_Atoll_proa_being_loaded.jpg/330px-Bikini_Atoll_proa_being_loaded.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Bikini_Atoll_proa_being_loaded.jpg/440px-Bikini_Atoll_proa_being_loaded.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="912" /></a><figcaption>A proa of the <a href="/wiki/Bikini_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikini Island">Bikini Islanders</a> is loaded aboard LST 1108 on March 7, 1948, as the island's residents are relocated to Rongerik Atoll.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>, where the craft were traditionally built, there has been a resurgence of interest in the proa. People hold annual kor-kor races in the lagoon at <a href="/wiki/Majuro" title="Majuro">Majuro</a>, along with events such as a children's riwut race. The kor-kors are built in traditional style out of traditional materials, though the sails are made with modern materials (often inexpensive <a href="/wiki/Polyethylene" title="Polyethylene">polyethylene</a> <a href="/wiki/Tarpaulin" title="Tarpaulin">tarpaulins</a>, commonly known as <i>polytarp</i>). </p><p>A loose group of individuals from all over the world has formed from those interested in the proa, including people with a historical perspective and those with a scientific and engineering perspective. Many such individuals are members of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amateur_Yacht_Research_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amateur Yacht Research Society (page does not exist)">Amateur Yacht Research Society</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_Western_proas">Early Western proas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early Western proas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Sailing is no name for it – flying is better. Out into the bay she skipped, boys yelling with delight on the uplifted outrigger, spray from the lee bow and steering oar riven into vapor by the speed blowing to leeward.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Munroe" title="Ralph Munroe">R. M. Munroe</a>, "A Flying Proa", <i>The Rudder</i>, June 1898</cite></div></blockquote> <p>In the late 19th century and early 20th century, many in Europe and America became interested in the proa. Western boat builders such as <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Munroe" title="Ralph Munroe">R. M. Munroe</a> and Robert Barnwell Roosevelt (<a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>'s uncle) reflected its influence. Into the 20th century, the proa was one of the fastest sailing craft that existed. The proa design is still the basis<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for many boats involved in <a href="/wiki/Speed_sailing" title="Speed sailing">speed sailing</a>. </p><p>The first well-documented Western version of the proa was built in 1898 by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Munroe" title="Ralph Munroe">Commodore Ralph Middleton Munroe</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Biscayne_Bay" title="Biscayne Bay">Biscayne Bay</a> Yacht Club. Yacht-design giant <a href="/wiki/Nathanael_Herreshoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathanael Herreshoff">Nathanael Herreshoff</a>, a friend of Munroe, may have also had an interest in the project. A small model of the Anson-Brett proa is collected at the Herreshoff Marine Museum in <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>; its maker is uncertain. </p><p>Over the following years, Munroe built several more. They were all destroyed by the mid-1930s, when a severe hurricane leveled Munroe's bayside boatshop. At least two of his designs were documented in articles in <i>The Rudder</i>, as was one by Robert B. Roosevelt. Small proas may have been brought back to the United States in the late 19th century, but documentation is sparse. Munroe and Roosevelt appeared to be the first two builders to adapt the proa to Western building techniques. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_Mersey_Yacht_Club">Royal Mersey Yacht Club</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Royal Mersey Yacht Club"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1860 a member of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Mersey_Yacht_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Mersey Yacht Club (page does not exist)">Royal Mersey Yacht Club</a> in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> built a copy of a Micronesian proa. He used the traditional asymmetric hull, flat on the lee side, and a decked dugout ama (outrigger). While no quantitative record was made of its speed, it was noted that the proa would run at speeds that would bury the bows of any other vessel. It carried three times the ratio of sail area to immersed midships section than the fastest yachts in the club and yet drew only 15 inches (38 cm).<sup id="cite_ref-Folkard_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Folkard-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Munroe's_1898_proa"><span id="Munroe.27s_1898_proa"></span>Munroe's 1898 proa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Munroe's 1898 proa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Munroe_1898_proa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Munroe_1898_proa.jpg/250px-Munroe_1898_proa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Munroe_1898_proa.jpg/330px-Munroe_1898_proa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Munroe_1898_proa.jpg/500px-Munroe_1898_proa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="806" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption>R. M. Munroe's 1898 proa</figcaption></figure> <p>Since Munroe had no direct experience with proas, all he had to work with was the widely distributed and incorrect plan drawing from about 1742, made during Admiral Lord Anson's circumnavigation of the globe. This drawing had been circulated in the press, for example in William Alden's articles in <i>Harper's Magazine</i>. (These were reprinted in a small book called <i>The Canoe and the Flying Proa</i>.)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This proa was one of several either captured or seen under sail when Anson stopped at <a href="/wiki/Tinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinian">Tinian</a> during a Pacific crossing. Brett, the draughtsman of the plan, is thought by some to have misinterpreted one key element, showing the mast fixed vertically in the center of the boat. This view as based on the fact that other Micronesian proa masts were raked end-to-end as the vessel shunted and the fact that a raked mast shifts the center of effort of the sail which would influence helm balance. However, Brett's placing of the mast in a vertical position has found to be accurate when replicas of the "Anson" proa were built and sailed by the Marinas-based organization 500 Sails that found that in many points of sail under many conditions the proa sailed well with the mast in a vertical position.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 500 Sails also found that the mast could be raked to advantage in many situations and noted that the mast step depicted in the "Anson" drawing could be interpreted as depicting a rotational point rather than a rigid mast step that would not allow raking. 500 Sails canoes employ rotational mast steps that allow mast raking. </p><p>Munroe, however, was a talented boat designer who was able to work around any problems with the drawings. His adaptations can be seen in successive proas. Rather than the deep, asymmetric hull of a traditional proa, Munroe created flat-bottomed hulls (similar to the <i>fisolera</i> referred to by Pigafetta),<sup id="cite_ref-pigafetta_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pigafetta-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with keels or centerboards for lateral resistance. His first iteration had an iron center fin with a half-oval profile. Rather than the traditional crab-claw sail's spars which meet at the front, Munroe's sails used what could be described as a triangular <a href="/wiki/Lug_sail" title="Lug sail">lug sail</a> or <a href="/wiki/Spritsail" title="Spritsail">spritsail</a> with a boom, similar to the modern <a href="/wiki/Lateen" title="Lateen">lateen</a> sail with a shorter upper spar. </p><p>Munroe's first proa was only 30 feet (9.1 m) long, yet was capable of speeds which Munroe estimated at 18 knots (33 km/h). His article in <i>The Rudder</i> describes what can only be <a href="/wiki/Planing_(sailing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Planing (sailing)">planing</a> on the flat hull. As this was before the advent of planing power boats, this proa was one of the first boats capable of planing. This helped produce its amazing speed when most boats were limited to their <a href="/wiki/Hull_speed" title="Hull speed">hull speed</a>—they had too little power to achieve planing speed, and yet were not designed to exceed <a href="/wiki/Hull_speed" title="Hull speed">hull speed</a> without planing. For example, a 30-foot (9.1 m) boat with too little power to plane, and with a hull form and displacement that didn't permit it to exceed hull speed without planing, would have a maximum speed of about 7.3 knots (13.5 km/h); Munroe's proa could reach nearly 2.5 times that speed. This accomplishment was the nautical equivalent to the <a href="/wiki/Bell_X-1" title="Bell X-1">X-1</a> breaking the sound barrier. </p><p>It is not clear that traditional proas of the Pacific islanders could plane, though the long, slender hull would have a much higher <a href="/wiki/Speed/length_ratio" class="mw-redirect" title="Speed/length ratio">speed/length ratio</a> than other contemporary designs. Munroe was building a "cheap and dirty" <a href="/wiki/Sharpie_(boat)" title="Sharpie (boat)">sharpie</a> hull made of two 32-foot (9.8 m) planks, a couple of bulkheads and a crossplanked bottom. By lucky accident he may have been the first sailor to plane his boat.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roosevelt's_Mary_&_Lamb"><span id="Roosevelt.27s_Mary_.26_Lamb"></span>Roosevelt's Mary & Lamb</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Roosevelt's Mary & Lamb"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Robert_Barnwell_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Barnwell Roosevelt">Robert Barnwell Roosevelt</a>, uncle of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">American President</a> <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>, also built a proa at about the same time. He used it sailing from <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>. It was significantly different but equally creative, and at 50 feet (15 m), much longer. From his 1898 article in <i>The Rudder</i>, it appeared the main hull of Roosevelt's proa was an open 4-foot (1.2 m) wide <a href="/wiki/Scow" title="Scow">scow</a> hull; the ama was a smaller, fully decked scow which looked like it could rock on a single aka (supporting beam). The mast was a bipod arrangement with both masts stepped to windward, with a boomed, balanced lugsail suspended from the apex. A balanced rudder at each end managed itself by pivoting 180° when its end was the "bow", and leeboards were used. </p><p>Roosevelt's short article is accompanied by photographs showing his proa <i>Mary & Lamb</i>, at rest and under sail. It is not clear if the boat predated Munroe's 1898 proa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Munroe's_1900_Proa"><span id="Munroe.27s_1900_Proa"></span>Munroe's 1900 Proa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proa&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Munroe's 1900 Proa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Munroe_1900_proa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Munroe_1900_proa.jpg/250px-Munroe_1900_proa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Munroe_1900_proa.jpg/330px-Munroe_1900_proa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Munroe_1900_proa.jpg/440px-Munroe_1900_proa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="338" /></a><figcaption>R. M. Munroe's 1900 proa</figcaption></figure> <p>Since Munroe wasn't aware of the raking mast, his 1900 model used two <a href="/wiki/Daggerboard" title="Daggerboard">daggerboards</a> set fore and aft of the mast, which would allow adjustment of the center of lateral resistance to provide helm balance. From the drawings, it appears the mast is higher as well, allowing a larger sail. The sail design also changed, with the upper spar now being slightly longer than the upper edge of the sail, and projecting past the apex slightly to allow the apex to be attached to the hull. The sail was loose footed, with the boom attached to the upper spar near the sail apex, and to the clew of the sail. His article in a 1900 issue of <i>The Rudder</i> included more details on the construction of his second proa. A 1948 book of sailboat plans published by <i>The Rudder</i> includes the following specifications for the 1900 proa: </p> <ul><li>Length overall 30 feet (9.1 m)</li> <li>Beam (of main hull) 2 feet 6 inches (0.76 m)</li> <li>Draft of hull about 5 inches (13 cm)</li> <li>Draft with boards down 2 feet 5 inches (0.74 m)</li> <li>Sail area 240 square feet (22 m<sup>2</sup>)</li></ul> <p>From the drawings, the distance from the center of the main hull to the center of the aka is about 12 feet (3.7 m). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_Western_interpretations">Other Western interpretations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proa&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other Western interpretations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Western designers often feel the need to tinker with the proa. They are attracted by the minimalist nature and amazing speeds that proas are capable of (they may still be the fastest sailboats per dollar spent for the home builder) but they often want the proa to do more; adding cabins, different sailing rigs, and bidirectional rudders are common changes made. <a href="/wiki/James_Wharram" title="James Wharram">James Wharram</a> was greatly influenced by the Proa design. </p><p>For example, unconventional boat and yacht designer <a href="/wiki/Phil_Bolger" title="Phil Bolger">Phil Bolger</a> drew at least three proa designs; the smallest one (20 ft) has been built by several people while the larger two, including his Proa 60, have not been built. For additional examples, see <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Individual_proa_designs">here</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lee_pods">Lee pods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proa&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Lee pods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lee_pod.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Lee_pod.gif/220px-Lee_pod.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Lee_pod.gif/330px-Lee_pod.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Lee_pod.gif/440px-Lee_pod.gif 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="262" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of a proa with a lee pod</figcaption></figure> <p>The terms ama and aka have been adopted for the modern <a href="/wiki/Trimaran" title="Trimaran">trimaran</a>. Since trimarans are generally designed to sail with one ama out of the water, they are similar to an Atlantic proa, with the buoyant leeward ama providing the bulk of the stability for the long, relatively thin main hull. Some modern proa designers have borrowed trimaran design elements for use in proas. Trimarans often have main hulls that are very narrow at the waterline, and flare out and extend over a significant portion of the akas. This topheavy design is only practical in a multihull, and it has been adapted by some proa designers. Notable examples are the designs of Russell Brown, a boat-fittings maker who designed and built his first proa, <i>Jzero</i>, in the mid-1970s. He has created a number of proa designs, all of which follow the same theme. </p><p>One of the design elements which Brown used, and a number of other designers have copied, is the <i>lee pod</i>. The akas extend past the main hull and out to the lee side, and provide support for a cabin extending to the lee of the main hull. This is similar to the platform extending to the lee on some Micronesian proas. The lee pod serves two purposes—it can be used for bunk space or storage, and it provides additional buoyancy on the lee side to prevent a capsize should the boat heel too far. Crew can also be moved onto the lee pod to provide additional heeling force in light winds, allowing the ama to lift under circumstances when it would not otherwise. The <i>Jzero</i> also used water ballast in the ama to allow the righting moment to be significantly increased if needed. While Brown's proa was designed to be a cruising yacht, not a speed-sailing boat, the newer 36-foot (11 m) <i>Jzerro</i> is capable of speeds of up to 21 knots (39 km/h). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sail_rigs">Sail rigs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proa&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sail rigs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the issues Western designers have with the proa is the need to manipulate the sail when shunting. Even Munroe's early sails discarded the curved yards of the traditional crabclaw for the more familiar straight yards of the lateen and lug sails. Munroe's designs likely lacked the tilting mast because he was unaware of it, but many designers since have used a fixed mast, and provided some other way of adjusting the center of effort. Most sailboats are designed with the center of effort of the sails slightly ahead of the center of area of the underwater plane; this difference is called "lead." In a proa hull, and in all fore and aft symmetric foils, the center of resistance is not at or even near the center of the boat, it is well forward of the geometric center of area. Thus the center of effort of the sails needs to also be well forward, or at least needs to have a sail which is well forward which can be sheeted in to start the boat moving, allowing the rudders to bite and keep the boat from heading up when the entire sail area is sheeted in. Jzero, for example, and all of Russell Brown's other designs, use a <a href="/wiki/Sloop" title="Sloop">sloop</a> rig and hoist a jib on whichever end is the current "bow". Other designs use a schooner rig for the same effect. </p><p>One of the more practical rigs for small proas was invented by <a href="/wiki/Euell_Gibbons" title="Euell Gibbons">Euell Gibbons</a> around 1950 for a small, single handed proa. This rig was a loose footed lateen sail hung from a centered mast. The sail was symmetric across the yard, and to shunt, what was previously the top end of the yard was lowered and became the bottom end, reversing the direction of the sail. Proa enthusiast <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gary_Dierking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gary Dierking (page does not exist)">Gary Dierking</a> modified this design further, using a curved yard and a boom perpendicular to the yard. This allows a greater control of the sail shape than the traditional Gibbons rig, while retaining the simple shunting method, and is often referred to as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gibbons/Dierking_rig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gibbons/Dierking rig (page does not exist)">Gibbons/Dierking rig</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foils">Foils</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proa&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Foils"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While a proa is fairly efficient at minimizing the amount of wave drag and maximizing stability, there is at least one way to go even further. The use of underwater <a href="/wiki/Foil_(fluid_mechanics)" title="Foil (fluid mechanics)">foils</a> to provide lift or downforce has been a popular idea recently in cutting-edge yacht building, and the proa is not immune to this influence. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bruce_foil" title="Bruce foil">Bruce foil</a> is a foil that provides a lateral resistance with zero heeling moment by placing the foil to either or both of the leeward and the windward sides, angled so the direction of the force passes through the center of effort of the sail. Since proas already have an outrigger to the windward side, a simple angled foil mounted on the ama becomes a Bruce foil, making the already stable proa even more stable. Bruce foils are often combined with inclined rigs, which results in a total cancellation of heeling forces. Inclined rigs are also well suited to the proa, as the direction of incline remains constant during shunting. </p><p>Another use of foils is to provide lift, turning the boat into a <a href="/wiki/Hydrofoil" title="Hydrofoil">hydrofoil</a>. Hydrofoils require significant speeds to work, but once the hull is lifted out of the water, the drag is significantly reduced. Many speed sailing designs have been based on a proa type configuration equipped with lifting foils. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variations_on_the_theme">Variations on the theme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proa&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Variations on the theme"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_pages_endeavour_layout.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/30/Yellow_pages_endeavour_layout.png/250px-Yellow_pages_endeavour_layout.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/30/Yellow_pages_endeavour_layout.png/330px-Yellow_pages_endeavour_layout.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/30/Yellow_pages_endeavour_layout.png/340px-Yellow_pages_endeavour_layout.png 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>The layout of the record-making <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Pages_Endeavour" title="Yellow Pages Endeavour">Yellow Pages Endeavour</a>. Commonly described as a trimaran, due to the three hulls, its layout is that of a unidirectional proa, as the trailing lee hull follows in the leading hull's wake.</figcaption></figure> <p>In a non-traditional variant, first seen among Western yacht racers, the "Atlantic proa" has an ama which is always to the lee side to provide buoyancy for stability, rather than ballast as in a traditional proa. Because the Atlantic ama is at least as long as the main hull, to reduce wave drag, this style can also be thought of as an asymmetric catamaran that shunts rather than tacking. The first Atlantic proa was the <i><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheers_(prao)#Histoire" class="extiw" title="fr:Cheers (prao)">Cheers</a></i>, designed in 1968 by boat designer <a href="/wiki/Dick_Newick" class="mw-redirect" title="Dick Newick">Dick Newick</a> for the 1968 <a href="/wiki/Single-Handed_Trans-Atlantic_Race#The_OSTAR.2C_1968" title="Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race">OSTAR</a> solo transatlantic race, in which it placed third. Newkirk's designs are primarily trimarans, and the Atlantic proa's buoyant outrigger follows naturally from a conversion of a trimaran from a tacking to a shunting vessel. </p><p>Other proa designers blur the lines between Atlantic and Pacific style proas. The <i>Harryproa</i> from <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> uses a long, thin hull to lee, and a short, fat hull, containing the cabin, to windward. This would normally be more like an Atlantic proa, but the rig is on the lee hull, leaving it technically a Pacific design. This and other similar proas place the bulk of the passenger accommodations on the ama, in an attempt to make the vaka as streamlined as possible, and put much of the mass in the lee side to provide a greater righting moment. </p><p>Perhaps the most extreme variants of the proa are the ones designed for pure speed. These often completely discard symmetry, and are designed to sail only in one direction relative to the wind; performance in the other direction is either seriously compromised or impossible. These are "one way" proas, such as world record speed holding <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Pages_Endeavour" title="Yellow Pages Endeavour">Yellow Pages Endeavour</a>, or <i>YPE</i>. While the YPE is often called a trimaran, it would be more correct to call it a Pacific proa, because two of the planing/hydrofoil hulls are in line. This design has been considered by others as well, such as the <i>Monomaran</i> designs by "The 40 knot Sailboat" author Bernard Smith, and these designs been called <i>3-point proas</i> by some, a reference to the 3 point hulls used in <a href="/wiki/Hydroplane_(boat)" title="Hydroplane (boat)">hydroplanes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A previous record holding design, the <i>Crossbow II</i>, owned by <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Colman" title="Timothy Colman">Timothy Colman</a> was a proa/catamaran hybrid. Crossbow II was a "slewing" catamaran, able to slew her hulls to allow clear airflow to her leeward bipod sail. Although the hulls appeared identical, the boat had all crew and controls, cockpit etc. in her windward hull; the leeward hull was stripped bare for minimal weight. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Speed_records">Speed records</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proa&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Speed records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2009, two new sailing speed records were set by vehicles based on the proa concept, one on land, and one on the water. </p><p>On March 26, 2009, <a href="/wiki/Simon_McKeon" title="Simon McKeon">Simon McKeon</a> and Tim Daddo set a new C-class speed sailing record of 50.08 knots (92.75 km/h) over 500 meters in the <i>Macquarie Innovation</i>, successor to their previous record holding <i><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Pages_Endeavour" title="Yellow Pages Endeavour">Yellow Pages Endeavour</a></i>, with a peak speed of 54 knots (100 km/h). The record was set in winds of 22 to 24 knots (44 km/h), and came close to taking the absolute speed record on water, currently held by <i><a href="/wiki/Hydropt%C3%A8re" title="Hydroptère">Hydroptère</a></i>. Conditions during the record-setting run were less than ideal for the <i>Macquarie Innovation</i>, which is anticipated to have a top speed of 58 knots (107 km/h) – 58 knots (67 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 27, 2009, Richard Jenkins set a world wind-powered speed record, on land, of 126.1 miles per hour (202.9 km/h) in the Ecotricity <i><a href="/wiki/Greenbird" title="Greenbird">Greenbird</a></i>. This broke the previous record by 10 miles per hour (16 km/h). <i>Greenbird</i> is based on a one-way proa design, with a long, thin two-wheeled body with a third wheel to the lee acting as an ama. The aka, which is in the shape of a wing, provides a significant amount of downwards force at speed to counter the heeling force generated by the high-aspect wing sail.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proa&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaep" title="Kaep">Kaep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashed-lug_boat" title="Lashed-lug boat">Lashed-lug boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outrigger_canoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Outrigger canoe">Outrigger canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepukei" title="Tepukei">Tepukei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinta" title="Vinta">Vinta</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proa&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Doran1981-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Doran1981_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Doran1981_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDoran1981" class="citation book cs1">Doran, Edwin B. (1981). <i>Wangka: Austronesian Canoe Origins</i>. Texas A&M University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780890961070" title="Special:BookSources/9780890961070"><bdi>9780890961070</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wangka%3A+Austronesian+Canoe+Origins&rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=9780890961070&rft.aulast=Doran&rft.aufirst=Edwin+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Folkard-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Folkard_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Folkard_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Folkard_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Folkard_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFolkard1853" class="citation book cs1">Folkard, Henry Coleman (1853). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B10BAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR3"><i>The Sailing Boat: a description of English and foreign boats</i></a>. London: Hunt and Son.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sailing+Boat%3A+a+description+of+English+and+foreign+boats&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hunt+and+Son&rft.date=1853&rft.aulast=Folkard&rft.aufirst=Henry+Coleman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB10BAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPR3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mahdi1999-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mahdi1999_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mahdi1999_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mahdi1999_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mahdi1999_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMahdi1999" class="citation book cs1">Mahdi, Waruno (1999). 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Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">144–</span>179. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415100540" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415100540"><bdi>978-0415100540</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Dispersal+of+Austronesian+boat+forms+in+the+Indian+Ocean&rft.btitle=Archaeology+and+Language+III%3A+Artefacts+languages%2C+and+texts&rft.series=One+World+Archaeology&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E144-%3C%2Fspan%3E179&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0415100540&rft.aulast=Mahdi&rft.aufirst=Waruno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</i> (5th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2015. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780544454453" title="Special:BookSources/9780544454453"><bdi>9780544454453</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780544454453&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blackburn-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-blackburn_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blackburn_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blackburn_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlackburn2003" class="citation book cs1">Blackburn, Graham (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q-h6i3GpMQUC"><i>The Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Ships and Boats</i></a>. 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(1951). <i>Arab Seafaring: In the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Early Medieval Times</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guampedia&rft.atitle=Proa+and+Navigation&rft.aulast=Goetzfridt&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guampedia.com%2Fproa-and-navigation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pigafetta-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pigafetta_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pigafetta_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEmma_Helen_BlairJames_Alexander_RobertsonEdward_Gaylord_Bourne1906" class="citation book cs1">Emma Helen Blair; James Alexander Robertson; Edward Gaylord Bourne (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/philippineislan96bourgoog"><i>The Philippine Islands, 1493–1803: Explorations by Early Navigators</i></a>. A. H. Clark Co. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/philippineislan96bourgoog/page/n107">99</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Philippine+Islands%2C+1493%E2%80%931803%3A+Explorations+by+Early+Navigators&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=A.+H.+Clark+Co.&rft.date=1906&rft.au=Emma+Helen+Blair&rft.au=James+Alexander+Robertson&rft.au=Edward+Gaylord+Bourne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fphilippineislan96bourgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alcina-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-alcina_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrancisco_Ignacio_Alcina1668" class="citation book cs1">Francisco Ignacio Alcina (1668). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/21366897?selectedversion=NBD197673"><i>Historia de las islas e indios de Bisayas</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+de+las+islas+e+indios+de+Bisayas&rft.date=1668&rft.au=Francisco+Ignacio+Alcina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fwork%2F21366897%3Fselectedversion%3DNBD197673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ixtapa-zihuatanejo.com/info/historia2da.htm">"History: Drake and Anson"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History%3A+Drake+and+Anson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ixtapa-zihuatanejo.com%2Finfo%2Fhistoria2da.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-charnock-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-charnock_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-charnock_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCharnock1802" class="citation book cs1">Charnock, John (1802). <i>An History of Marine Architecture</i>. London: R. Faulder. pp. <span class="nowrap">313–</span>316.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+History+of+Marine+Architecture&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E313-%3C%2Fspan%3E316&rft.pub=R.+Faulder&rft.date=1802&rft.aulast=Charnock&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Finney-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Finney_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFinney" class="citation web cs1">Finney, Ben. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.hokulea.com/ike/kalai_waa/finney_building_hokulea.html">"Founding the Polynesian Voyaging Society; Building Hōkūle'a"</a>. <i>Hawaiian Voyaging Traditions</i>. Polynesian Voyaging Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hawaiian+Voyaging+Traditions&rft.atitle=Founding+the+Polynesian+Voyaging+Society%3B+Building+H%C5%8Dk%C5%ABle%27a&rft.aulast=Finney&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.hokulea.com%2Fike%2Fkalai_waa%2Ffinney_building_hokulea.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091028020313/http://www.geocities.com/aerohydro/othercraftframeset.htm">"Mr Smith's Amazing Sailboats"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geocities.com/aerohydro/othercraftframeset.htm">the original</a> on 28 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mr+Smith%27s+Amazing+Sailboats&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geocities.com%2Faerohydro%2Fothercraftframeset.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupid?key=olbp10413">"The Canoe, and The Flying Proa: or, Cheap Cruising and Safe Sailing, by W. L. Alden – The Online Books Page"</a>. <i>onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu&rft.atitle=The+Canoe%2C+and+The+Flying+Proa%3A+or%2C+Cheap+Cruising+and+Safe+Sailing%2C+by+W.+L.+Alden+%E2%80%93+The+Online+Books+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonlinebooks.library.upenn.edu%2Fwebbin%2Fbook%2Flookupid%3Fkey%3Dolbp10413&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">500 Sails Executive Director and Chamorro Proa Builder Pete Perez</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.duckworksbbs.com/plans/jim/gizmo/index.htm">"Gizmo"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gizmo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.duckworksbbs.com%2Fplans%2Fjim%2Fgizmo%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProa" class="Z3988"></span> "It planed although he didn't use that word because it hadn't been invented yet. I'm wondering if it was the first planing boat?" Jim Michalak</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJobson1998" class="citation journal cs1">Jobson, Gary (April 1998). "Breaking the 50-Knot Barrier". <i>Yachting</i>: 28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yachting&rft.atitle=Breaking+the+50-Knot+Barrier&rft.pages=28&rft.date=1998-04&rft.aulast=Jobson&rft.aufirst=Gary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sail-world.com/USA/New-World-Speed-Record:-Macquarie-Innovation-breaks-50---hits-54-knots/55222">"New World Speed Record: Macquarie Innovation breaks 50 – hits 54 knots"</a>. Sail-World.com. 28 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+World+Speed+Record%3A+Macquarie+Innovation+breaks+50+%E2%80%93+hits+54+knots&rft.pub=Sail-World.com&rft.date=2009-03-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sail-world.com%2FUSA%2FNew-World-Speed-Record%3A-Macquarie-Innovation-breaks-50---hits-54-knots%2F55222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTony_Borroz2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Tony Borroz (March 27, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.wired.com/cars/2009/03/british-man-set.html">"Freaky Speeder Rides the Wind to World Record"</a>. <i>Wired</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Freaky+Speeder+Rides+the+Wind+to+World+Record&rft.date=2009-03-27&rft.au=Tony+Borroz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.wired.com%2Fcars%2F2009%2F03%2Fbritish-man-set.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greenbird.co.uk/">"Greenbird official website"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greenbird+official+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenbird.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHaddon,_A._C.Hornell,_James1997" class="citation book cs1">Haddon, A. C. & Hornell, James (1997). <i>Canoes of Oceania</i>. Honolulu, Hawaii: Bishop Museum Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-910240-19-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-910240-19-1"><bdi>0-910240-19-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canoes+of+Oceania&rft.place=Honolulu%2C+Hawaii&rft.pub=Bishop+Museum+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-910240-19-1&rft.au=Haddon%2C+A.+C.&rft.au=Hornell%2C+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMunroe,_Ralph_MiddletonGilpin,_Vincent1930" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Munroe" title="Ralph Munroe">Munroe, Ralph Middleton</a>; Gilpin, Vincent (1930). <i>The Commodore's Story</i>. (New York): Ives Washburn. pp. <span class="nowrap">279–</span>282.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Commodore%27s+Story&rft.place=%28New+York%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E279-%3C%2Fspan%3E282&rft.pub=Ives+Washburn&rft.date=1930&rft.au=Munroe%2C+Ralph+Middleton&rft.au=Gilpin%2C+Vincent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFManfred_MeierOthmar_Karschulin2024" class="citation book cs1">Manfred Meier & Othmar Karschulin (2024). <i>The proa - The outrigger boat from past to present</i>. Germany: Amazon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-00-076976-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-00-076976-4"><bdi>978-3-00-076976-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+proa+-+The+outrigger+boat+from+past+to+present&rft.place=Germany&rft.pub=Amazon&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-3-00-076976-4&rft.au=Manfred+Meier&rft.au=Othmar+Karschulin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProa" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proa&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Proas" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Proas">Proas</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources_of_information_on_proas">Sources of information on proas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proa&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sources of information on proas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clcboats.com/life-of-boats-blog/russell-brown-on-proas.html">Russel Brown on Proas</a>, and interview with the builder of Kauri, Cimba, Jzero, and Jzerro, sloop rigged Pacific proas of 30 to 37 feet in length.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://guampedia.com/agadna-canoe-builders/">Guampedia, Guam's Online Encyclopedia Agadna, Chamorro Canoe Builders</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.proafile.com/">The Proa File</a> by Michael Schacht.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.multihull.de/proa/proa-over.htm">German proa website</a> Information and links (mainly in German)</li> <li>A summary of American proa designs can be found on Craig O'Donnell's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000823075854/http://www.friend.ly.net/~dadadata/proa/commodore.html">Cheap Pages</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wikiproa.pbwiki.com/">wikiproa</a> a wiki dedicated to proas. Mostly home build smaller designs.</li> <li>A collection of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060320011344/http://www.wingo.com/proa/links.html">links to Proa-related websites</a> from PacificProa.com</li> <li>The University of Guam's Traditional Seafaring Society Webpage <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070914095716/http://www.traditionalseafarers.com/">Micronesia</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot/Usurpations" title="Wikipedia:Link rot/Usurpations"><span title="The original domain has been hijacked for the purposes of spam, advertising, or or other fraudulent activity. The archive URL is encased in a usurped template to mitigate accidentally re-activating the underlying usurped URL, such as by converting to a CS1 or CS2 template. See template documentation.">usurped</span></a></i>]</sup>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tobi.gmu.edu/tobithings/canoes/canoesmicronesia.pdf">Canoes in Micronesia</a> by Marvin Montvel-Cohen; Micronesian working papers number 2, University of Guam Gallery of Art, David Robinson, Director, April 1970</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.multihull.de/proa/history/p_history.htm">Big collection of photos of ancient proas</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070222004732/http://slaniastamps.heindorffhus.dk/frame-MarshallIslands.htm">2001 Marshall Island stamps</a>, showing the Marshallese walap</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051220003534/http://www.pacificislands.cc/pm52001/pmdefault.php?urlarticleid=0013">Canoe Craze In Marshall Islands</a>, Pacific Magazine, By <a href="/wiki/Giff_Johnson" title="Giff Johnson">Giff Johnson</a>. Shows modern kor-kor racers in traditional boats with <a href="/wiki/Polytarp" class="mw-redirect" title="Polytarp">polytarp</a> sails</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mit.edu/people/robot/mh/riwuit/index.html">Riwuit</a> pictures, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mit.edu/people/robot/mh/kabua/index.html">detailed plans</a> on building and tuning a riwuit</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060821083206/http://www.ma-uri.org/uk/zealand_waka02.php">The Vaka Taumako Project</a> page on Polynesian proas and sailing</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://members.shaw.ca/jscull/proas.htm">Essay</a> with photos of Kapingmarangi sailing canoes, Caroline Islands.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.duckworksmagazine.com/06/designs/proa/index.htm">Duckworks Magazine</a> article on the R.B. Roosevelt and Monroe proas</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/wam.rmi">Waan Aelõñ in Majel (Canoes of the Marshall Islands) </a> is a grassroots non-profit, non-government organization working with young Marshallese people.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Individual_proa_designs">Individual proa designs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proa&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Individual proa designs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.proagenesis.org">Proagenesis.org: Hinged vector fin proa</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120304050135/http://www.worldofboats.org/boats/view/ra_marama_ii/1/proa">World of Boats (EISCA) Collection ~ Ra Marama II, Fijian Proa</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clcboats.com/boats/pacificproa.php">Mbuli</a> – A Pacific Proa</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.multihull.de/proa/p5/p5gb.htm">P5</a> – a 5 m multichine proa by Othmar Karschulin</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.multihull.de/proa/p8/p8.htm">P8 - Kalapuna</a> – an 8 m proa with crabclaw sail by Othmar Karschulin</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harryproa.com">Harryproa website</a>, detailing history and current developments of the Harry type proas</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dcss.org/speedsl/sheerspeed.html">Dave Culp's</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060501181806/http://www.dcss.org/speedsl/sheerspeed.html">Archived</a> 2006-05-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> untested unidirectional, single foil proa</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dcss.org/speedsl/crossbow.html">Slingshot and Crossbow I</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060501181742/http://www.dcss.org/speedsl/crossbow.html">Archived</a> 2006-05-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> shunting ama trimaran/proas</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120207062148/http://homepages.paradise.net.nz/garyd/t2.html">Gary Dierking's T2</a> proa design, showing the Gibbons/Dierking rig</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060712215529/http://wingo.com/newick/cheers.html">Cheers</a>, the first Atlantic proa</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amateurboatbuilding.com/articles/building/cheers/cheers.html">Rebuilding Cheers</a>, by Vincent Besin <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DIGgQU4IkOg">Video</a> of Cheers' relaunch in 2006</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3831237204236268486">Video</a> of Jeremie Fischer's proa <i>Equilibre</i> shunting</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4FADWXmuHk">Video of Toroa</a> Micronesian style proa, designed and built by Michael Toy and Harmen Hielkema</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.duckworksbbs.com/plans/jim/gizmo/index.htm"><i>Gizmo</i></a>, an "experimental" minimalist proa by designer <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070217164516/http://homepages.apci.net/~michalak/">Jim Michalak</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mareinoa.de">Mareinoa</a>, a 12m cruising proa designed by Othmar Karschulin and built 2013 in Germany and sailed in the Baltic Sea]</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clcboats.com/shop/boats/new/newboats/madness-31-foot-pacific-proa.html">Madness</a> – a 31-foot (9.4 m) Proa designed by John Harris</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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.thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Austronesian_ships111" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#9edbea;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Austronesian_ships" title="Template:Austronesian ships"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Austronesian_ships" title="Template talk:Austronesian ships"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Austronesian_ships" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Austronesian ships"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Austronesian_ships111" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_ships" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian ships">Austronesian ships</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="text-align: left;"><div id="Ship_types111" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ship types</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background:lightyellow;"><a href="/wiki/Kavalan_people" title="Kavalan people">Kavalan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mangka_(boat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mangka (boat) (page does not exist)">Mangka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background:lightyellow;"><a href="/wiki/Thao_people" title="Thao people">Thao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruza_(canoe)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruza (canoe) (page does not exist)">Ruza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background:lightyellow;"><a href="/wiki/Tao_people" title="Tao people">Tao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ipanitika" title="Ipanitika">Ipanitika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatara_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatara (ship)">Tatara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Island_Southeast_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Island Southeast Asia">Island<br />Southeast Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#e7ffce;"><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bajak" title="Bajak">Bajak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangkong" title="Bangkong">Bangkong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gubang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gubang (page does not exist)">Gubang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jong_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jong (ship)">Jong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakap_(boat)" title="Kakap (boat)">Kakap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penjajap" title="Penjajap">Penjajap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongkang" title="Tongkang">Tongkang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#e7ffce;"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abak_(boat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abak (boat) (page does not exist)">Abak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagan_(fishing)" title="Bagan (fishing)">Bagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bago_(boat)" title="Bago (boat)">Bago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajak" title="Bajak">Bajak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangkong" title="Bangkong">Bangkong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banting_(boat)" title="Banting (boat)">Banting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benawa" title="Benawa">Benawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borobudur_ship" title="Borobudur ship">Borobudur ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerucuh" title="Cerucuh">Cerucuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chialoup" title="Chialoup">Chialoup</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eloha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eloha (page does not exist)">Eloha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fakatora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fakatora (page does not exist)">Fakatora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghali_(ship)" title="Ghali (ship)">Ghali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghurab" title="Ghurab">Ghurab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golekan" title="Golekan">Golekan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janggolan" title="Janggolan">Janggolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jellore" title="Jellore">Jellore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jong_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jong (ship)">Jong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jongkong" title="Jongkong">Jongkong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juanga_(ship)" title="Juanga (ship)">Juanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukung" title="Jukung">Jukung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukung_tambangan" title="Jukung tambangan">Jukung tambangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakap_(boat)" title="Kakap (boat)">Kakap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalulis" title="Kalulis">Kalulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelulus" title="Kelulus">Kelulus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolay_(boat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolay (boat) (page does not exist)">Kolay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolekole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolekole (page does not exist)">Kolekole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knabat_bogolu" title="Knabat bogolu">Knabat bogolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kora_kora" title="Kora kora">Kora kora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotta_mara" title="Kotta mara">Kotta mara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%27un-lun_po" title="K'un-lun po">K'un-lun po</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancang_(ship)" title="Lancang (ship)">Lancang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaran_(ship)" title="Lancaran (ship)">Lancaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepa_(ship)" title="Lepa (ship)">Lepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepa-lepa_(dugout_canoe)" title="Lepa-lepa (dugout canoe)">Lepa-Lepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leti_leti" title="Leti leti">Leti leti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lis-alis" title="Lis-alis">Lis-alis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Londe" title="Londe">Londe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malangbang" title="Malangbang">Malangbang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayang_(boat)" title="Mayang (boat)">Mayang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orembai" title="Orembai">Orembai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padewakang" title="Padewakang">Padewakang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paduwang" title="Paduwang">Paduwang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pajala_(boat)" title="Pajala (boat)">Pajala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paledang" title="Paledang">Paledang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penjajap" title="Penjajap">Penjajap</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangkur_(boat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pangkur (boat) (page does not exist)">Pangkur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patorani" title="Patorani">Patorani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelang" title="Pelang">Pelang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencalang" title="Pencalang">Pencalang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Perahu">Perahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinisi" title="Pinisi">Pinisi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lambo_(boat)" title="Lambo (boat)">Lambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palari_(boat)" title="Palari (boat)">Palari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampan" title="Sampan">Sampan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampan_panjang" title="Sampan panjang">Sampan panjang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandeq" title="Sandeq">Sandeq</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarua_(boat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarua (boat) (page does not exist)">Sarua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekong_(boat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekong (boat) (page does not exist)">Sekong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solu" title="Solu">Solu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teneh_(boat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teneh (boat) (page does not exist)">Teneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongkang" title="Tongkang">Tongkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toop_(boat)" title="Toop (boat)">Toop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#e7ffce;"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bajak" title="Bajak">Bajak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangkong" title="Bangkong">Bangkong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banting_(boat)" title="Banting (boat)">Banting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedar_(ship)" title="Bedar (ship)">Bedar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buggoh" title="Buggoh">Buggoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birau_(boat)" title="Birau (boat)">Birau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerucuh" title="Cerucuh">Cerucuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghali_(ship)" title="Ghali (ship)">Ghali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghurab" title="Ghurab">Ghurab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jong_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jong (ship)">Jong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juanga_(ship)" title="Juanga (ship)">Juanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakap_(boat)" title="Kakap (boat)">Kakap</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolek_(boat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolek (boat) (page does not exist)">Kolek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancang_(ship)" title="Lancang (ship)">Lancang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaran_(ship)" title="Lancaran (ship)">Lancaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepa_(ship)" title="Lepa (ship)">Lepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelang" title="Pelang">Pelang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencalang" title="Pencalang">Pencalang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penjajap" title="Penjajap">Penjajap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perahu_payang" title="Perahu payang">Perahu payang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perahu_tambangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perahu tambangan (page does not exist)">Perahu tambangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinas_(ship)" title="Pinas (ship)">Pinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampan" title="Sampan">Sampan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampan_panjang" title="Sampan panjang">Sampan panjang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongkang" title="Tongkang">Tongkang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#e7ffce;"><a href="/wiki/Moken_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Moken people">Moken</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kabang_(boat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kabang (boat) (page does not exist)">Kabang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#e7ffce;"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armadahan" title="Armadahan">Armadahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avang" title="Avang">Avang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awang_(boat)" title="Awang (boat)">Awang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaci%C3%B3n" title="Balación">Balación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Balangay</a> (Barangay)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Baloto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangka_(boat)" title="Bangka (boat)">Bangka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangka_anak-anak" title="Bangka anak-anak">Bangka anak-anak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basnigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Basnigan">Basnigan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Batil_(boat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batil (boat) (page does not exist)">Batil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigiw" title="Bigiw">Bigiw</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bilo_(boat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bilo (boat) (page does not exist)">Bilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birau_(boat)" title="Birau (boat)">Birau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Biray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Biroko</a> (Birok, Bidok)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buggoh" title="Buggoh">Buggoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casco_(barge)" title="Casco (barge)">Casco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinarem" title="Chinarem">Chinarem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinedkeran" title="Chinedkeran">Chinedkeran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinahit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinahit (page does not exist)">Dinahit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djenging" title="Djenging">Djenging</a> (Balutu)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falua" title="Falua">Falua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_(ship)" title="Garay (ship)">Garay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilalo" title="Guilalo">Guilalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juanga_(ship)" title="Juanga (ship)">Juanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkun" title="Junkun">Junkun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkung" title="Junkung">Junkung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakoa" title="Karakoa">Karakoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulibo" title="Kulibo">Kulibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanong" title="Lanong">Lanong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lapis_(boat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lapis (boat) (page does not exist)">Lapis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepa_(ship)" title="Lepa (ship)">Lepa</a> (Kumpit, Pidlas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontang" title="Ontang">Ontang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owong" title="Owong">Owong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panineman" title="Panineman">Panineman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasaplap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasaplap (page does not exist)">Pasaplap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penjajap" title="Penjajap">Pangayaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraw" title="Paraw">Paraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salambaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Salambaw">Salambaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisipan" title="Salisipan">Salisipan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sapyaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sapyaw (page does not exist)">Sapyaw</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seberen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seberen (page does not exist)">Seberen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tapake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tapake (page does not exist)">Tapake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tataya" title="Tataya">Tataya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempel_(boat)" title="Tempel (boat)">Tempel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Tilimbao</a> (Tinimbao)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiririt" title="Tiririt">Tiririt</a> (Buti)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinta" title="Vinta">Vinta</a> (Dapang, Pilang)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#e7ffce;"><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sampan_panjang" title="Sampan panjang">Sampan panjang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongkang" title="Tongkang">Tongkang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Island_Melanesia" title="Island Melanesia">Island<br />Melanesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#f3ceff;"><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Islands" title="Admiralty Islands">Admiralty Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endrol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endrol (page does not exist)">Endrol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kel_(boat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kel (boat) (page does not exist)">Kel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#f3ceff;"><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camakau" title="Camakau">Camakau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drua" title="Drua">Drua</a> (Waqa tabu)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takia_(watercraft)" title="Takia (watercraft)">Takia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#f3ceff;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Islands">Green Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C7%92p&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kǒp (page does not exist)">Kǒp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ts%C7%90ne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsǐne (page does not exist)">Tsǐne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#f3ceff;"><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakatoi" title="Lakatoi">Lakatoi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#f3ceff;"><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binabina" title="Binabina">Binabina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisi_(boat)" title="Lisi (boat)">Lisi</a> (Solima)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepukei" title="Tepukei">Tepukei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomako" title="Tomako">Tomako</a> (Mon, Ora)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#f3ceff;"><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aka_(boat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aka (boat) (page does not exist)">Aka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angga_(boat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angga (boat) (page does not exist)">Angga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wangga_(boat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wangga (boat) (page does not exist)">Wangga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cedaff;"><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wa_(watercraft)" title="Wa (watercraft)">Wa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wahr_(watercraft)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wahr (watercraft) (page does not exist)">Wahr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waserak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waserak (page does not exist)">Waserak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cedaff;"><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baurua" title="Baurua">Baurua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cedaff;"><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korkor_(boat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Korkor (boat)">Korkor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipnol" class="mw-redirect" title="Tipnol">Tipnol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walap" title="Walap">Walap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cedaff;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Marianas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duding (page does not exist)">Duding</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duduli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duduli (page does not exist)">Duduli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galaide%CA%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galaideʻ (page does not exist)">Galaideʻ</a> (Agaraide)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladjak" title="Ladjak">Ladjak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lelek_(boat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lelek (boat) (page does not exist)">Lelek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panga_(canoe)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panga (canoe) (page does not exist)">Panga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakman" title="Sakman">Sakman</a> (Flying proa)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cedaff;"><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaep" title="Kaep">Kaep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wa_(watercraft)" title="Wa (watercraft)">Wa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cedaff;"><a href="/wiki/Yap" title="Yap">Yap</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chugpin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chugpin (page does not exist)">Chugpin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Popow_(canoe)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Popow (canoe) (page does not exist)">Popow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wa_(watercraft)" title="Wa (watercraft)">Wa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cef9ff;"><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaka_(sailing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaka (sailing)">Vaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaka_katea" title="Vaka katea">Vaka katea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cef9ff;"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81lia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mālia">Mālia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wa%CA%BBa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waʻa (page does not exist)">Waʻa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wa%CA%BBa_kaulua" class="mw-redirect" title="Waʻa kaulua">Waʻa kaulua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cef9ff;"><a href="/wiki/Marquesas" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquesas">Marquesas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaka_tou%CA%BBua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaka touʻua (page does not exist)">Vaka touʻua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cef9ff;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waka_(canoe)" title="Waka (canoe)">Waka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waka_hourua" class="mw-redirect" title="Waka hourua">Waka hourua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waka_taua" class="mw-redirect" title="Waka taua">Waka taua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waka_t%C4%ABwai" class="mw-redirect" title="Waka tīwai">Waka tīwai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cef9ff;"><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBalia" class="mw-redirect" title="ʻalia">ʻalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatasi" title="Amatasi">Amatasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fautasi" title="Fautasi">Fautasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=La%CA%BBau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laʻau (page does not exist)">Laʻau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lualua_(ship)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lualua (ship) (page does not exist)">Lualua</a> (Foulua)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paopao_(canoe)" title="Paopao (canoe)">Paopao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Va%CA%BBa" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaʻa">Vaʻa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Va%CA%BBa-alo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaʻa-alo (page does not exist)">Vaʻa-alo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Va%CA%BBa-tele" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaʻa-tele">Vaʻa-tele</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cef9ff;"><a href="/wiki/Society_Islands" title="Society Islands">Society Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivahah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivahah (page does not exist)">Ivahah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahi_(ship)" title="Pahi (ship)">Pahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipairua" title="Tipairua">Tipairua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Va%CA%BBa" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaʻa">Vaʻa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cef9ff;"><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamatafua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamatafua (page does not exist)">Hamatafua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalia_(watercraft)" title="Kalia (watercraft)">Kalia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C5%8Dpao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pōpao (page does not exist)">Pōpao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongiaki" title="Tongiaki">Tongiaki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#cef9ff;"><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paopao_(canoe)" title="Paopao (canoe)">Paopao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#ffe9ce;"><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Malagasy people">Malagasy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakana" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakana">Lakana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background:#ffe9ce;"><a href="/wiki/Sakalava_people" title="Sakalava people">Sakalava</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laka_fiara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laka fiara (page does not exist)">Laka fiara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="margin-bottom:8px;width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yami_ipanitika.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Yami_ipanitika.jpg/250px-Yami_ipanitika.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Yami_ipanitika.jpg/330px-Yami_ipanitika.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Yami_ipanitika.jpg/500px-Yami_ipanitika.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2371" data-file-height="1648" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Ipanitika" title="Ipanitika">Ipanitika</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="margin-bottom:8px;width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hokule%27aSailing2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Hokule%27aSailing2009.jpg/250px-Hokule%27aSailing2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Hokule%27aSailing2009.jpg/330px-Hokule%27aSailing2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Hokule%27aSailing2009.jpg/500px-Hokule%27aSailing2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="955" data-file-height="716" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dk%C5%ABle%CA%BBa" title="Hōkūleʻa">Wa'a kaulua</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="margin-bottom:8px;width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boracay_paraw_sailboats_015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Boracay_paraw_sailboats_015.jpg/250px-Boracay_paraw_sailboats_015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Boracay_paraw_sailboats_015.jpg/330px-Boracay_paraw_sailboats_015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Boracay_paraw_sailboats_015.jpg/500px-Boracay_paraw_sailboats_015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Paraw" title="Paraw">Paraw</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="margin-bottom:8px;width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yap_Canoe01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Yap_Canoe01.jpg/250px-Yap_Canoe01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Yap_Canoe01.jpg/330px-Yap_Canoe01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Yap_Canoe01.jpg/500px-Yap_Canoe01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Wa_(watercraft)" title="Wa (watercraft)">Wa</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kapal_Nur_Al_Marege,_koleksi_pribadi_Muhammad_Ridwan_Alimudin,_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Kapal_Nur_Al_Marege%2C_koleksi_pribadi_Muhammad_Ridwan_Alimudin%2C_2019.jpg/220px-Kapal_Nur_Al_Marege%2C_koleksi_pribadi_Muhammad_Ridwan_Alimudin%2C_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Kapal_Nur_Al_Marege%2C_koleksi_pribadi_Muhammad_Ridwan_Alimudin%2C_2019.jpg/330px-Kapal_Nur_Al_Marege%2C_koleksi_pribadi_Muhammad_Ridwan_Alimudin%2C_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Kapal_Nur_Al_Marege%2C_koleksi_pribadi_Muhammad_Ridwan_Alimudin%2C_2019.jpg/440px-Kapal_Nur_Al_Marege%2C_koleksi_pribadi_Muhammad_Ridwan_Alimudin%2C_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Padewakang" title="Padewakang">Padewakang</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: left;"><div id="Ship_construction_&amp;_sailing111" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ship construction & sailing</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Rigging</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crab_claw_sail" title="Crab claw sail">Crab claw sail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_rig" title="Junk rig">Junk rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinisi" title="Pinisi">Pinisi rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanja_sail" title="Tanja sail">Tanja sail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Hull</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catamaran" title="Catamaran">Catamaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashed-lug_boat" title="Lashed-lug boat">Lashed-lug boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multihull" title="Multihull">Multihull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outrigger" title="Outrigger">Outrigger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outrigger_boat" title="Outrigger boat">Outrigger boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_multihull_terminology" title="Polynesian multihull terminology">Polynesian multihull terminology</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Proa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewn_boat" title="Sewn boat">Sewn boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimaran" title="Trimaran">Trimaran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Navigation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fanuankuwel" title="Fanuankuwel">Fanuankuwel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fealofani_Bruun" title="Fealofani Bruun">Fealofani Bruun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipour" title="Hipour">Hipour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafe%C5%95oor" title="Kafeŕoor">Kafeŕoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_M%C4%81ori_waka" title="List of Māori waka">List of Māori waka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassan_contact_with_Australia" title="Makassan contact with Australia">Makassan contact with Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_migration_canoes" title="Māori migration canoes">Māori migration canoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands_stick_chart" title="Marshall Islands stick chart">Marshall Islands stick chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mau_Piailug" title="Mau Piailug">Mau Piailug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_navigation" title="Polynesian navigation">Polynesian navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapwi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rapwi (page does not exist)">Rapwi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81kitimu" title="Tākitimu">Tākitimu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weriyeng" title="Weriyeng">Weriyeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yap#Navigation" title="Yap">Yapese navigation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Trade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trade_route#Austronesian_maritime_trade_network" title="Trade route">Austronesian maritime trade network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiri_trade_cycle" title="Hiri trade cycle">Hiri trade cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kula_ring" title="Kula ring">Kula ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapita_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Lapita Culture">Lapita trade network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingling-o" title="Lingling-o">Lingling-o</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Silk_Road" title="Maritime Silk Road">Maritime Silk Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa_Huynh-Kalanay_Interaction_Sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa Huynh-Kalanay Interaction Sphere">Sa Huynh-Kalanay Interaction Sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepik_Coast_exchange" title="Sepik Coast exchange">Sepik Coast exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_trade" title="Spice trade">Spice trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trepanging" title="Trepanging">Trepanging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Archaeology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Balangay</a> (Butuan boats)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borobudur_ship" title="Borobudur ship">Borobudur ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirebon_shipwreck" title="Cirebon shipwreck">Cirebon shipwreck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apilan" class="mw-redirect" title="Apilan">Apilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burulan" title="Burulan">Burulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daramba" title="Daramba">Daramba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota_mara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kota mara">Kota mara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: left;"><div id="Ship_replicas111" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ship_replica" title="Ship replica">Ship replicas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Cook Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maire_Nui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maire Nui (page does not exist)">Maire Nui</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marumaru_Atua" title="Marumaru Atua">Marumaru Atua</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Te_Au_o_Tonga" title="Te Au o Tonga">Te Au o Tonga</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Federated States of Micronesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halametaw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halametaw (page does not exist)">Halametaw</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quest_(canoe)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quest (canoe) (page does not exist)">Quest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sailoam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sailoam (page does not exist)">Sailoam</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">French Polynesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fa%CA%BBafaite" title="Faʻafaite">Faʻafaite</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tahiti_Nui_(ship)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tahiti Nui (ship) (page does not exist)">Tahiti Nui</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Guam</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sakman" title="Sakman">Saina</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Hawaii</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alingano_Maisu" title="Alingano Maisu">Alingano Maisu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hawai%CA%BBiloa" title="Hawaiʻiloa">Hawaiʻiloa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hikianalia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hikianalia (page does not exist)">Hikianalia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dk%C5%ABle%CA%BBa" title="Hōkūleʻa">Hōkūleʻa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hokualakai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hokualakai (page does not exist)">Hokualakai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iosepa_(ship)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iosepa (ship) (page does not exist)">Iosepa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makali%27i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makali'i (page does not exist)">Makali'i</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Indonesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalulis" title="Kalulis">Alfred Wallace</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Padewakang#Replica" title="Padewakang">Hati Marege</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Padewakang#Replica" title="Padewakang">Nur Al Marege</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samudra_Raksa" title="Samudra Raksa">Samudra Raksa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Borobudur_ship#Replica" title="Borobudur ship">Spirit of Majapahit</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Malaysia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Naga_Pelangi" title="Naga Pelangi">Naga Pelangi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aotearoa_One" class="mw-redirect" title="Aotearoa One">Aotearoa One</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haunui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haunui (page does not exist)">Haunui</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngahiraka_Mai_Tawhiti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ngahiraka Mai Tawhiti (page does not exist)">Ngahiraka Mai Tawhiti</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C5%ABmaiterangi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pūmaiterangi (page does not exist)">Pūmaiterangi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_Aurere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te Aurere (page does not exist)">Te Aurere</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Philippines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Balatik" class="mw-redirect" title="Balatik">Balatik</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Diwata ng Lahi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Lahi ng Maharlika</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Masawa Hong Butuan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Raya Kolambu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Raya Siyagu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Sama Tawi-Tawi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarimanok_(vinta)" title="Sarimanok (vinta)">Sarimanok</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Sultan sin Sulu</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Samoa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gaualofa" title="Gaualofa">Gaualofa</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>See also:</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapita_culture" title="Lapita culture">Lapita culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domesticated_plants_and_animals_of_Austronesia" title="Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia">Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_sailing_vessels_and_rigs89" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sailing_vessels_and_rigs" title="Template:Sailing vessels and rigs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sailing_vessels_and_rigs" title="Template talk:Sailing vessels and rigs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sailing_vessels_and_rigs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sailing vessels and rigs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_sailing_vessels_and_rigs89" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Types of <a href="/wiki/Sailing" title="Sailing">sailing</a> vessels and <a href="/wiki/Rigging" title="Rigging">rigs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Sail" title="Age of Sail">Age of Sail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history" title="Maritime history">Maritime history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sailing rigs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_rig" title="Bermuda rig">Bermuda rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_claw_sail" title="Crab claw sail">Crab claw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fore-and-aft_rig" title="Fore-and-aft rig">Fore-and-aft rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaff_rig" title="Gaff rig">Gaff rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunter_rig" title="Gunter rig">Gunter rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_rig" title="Junk rig">Junk rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateen" title="Lateen">Lateen rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljungstr%C3%B6m_rig" title="Ljungström rig">Ljungström rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lug_sail" title="Lug sail">Lug rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mast_aft_rig" class="mw-redirect" title="Mast aft rig">Mast aft rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinisi" title="Pinisi">Pinisi rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_rig" title="Square rig">Square rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanja_sail" title="Tanja sail">Tanja rig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Sailing_rigs" class="mw-redirect" title="Sailing rigs">sailing rigs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barque" title="Barque">Barque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barquentine" title="Barquentine">Barquentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brig" title="Brig">Brig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigantine" title="Brigantine">Brigantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catboat" title="Catboat">Catboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutter_(boat)" title="Cutter (boat)">Cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-rigged_ship" title="Full-rigged ship">Full-rigged ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackass-barque" title="Jackass-barque">Jackass-barque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketch" title="Ketch">Ketch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mistico_(boat)" title="Mistico (boat)">Mistico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schooner" title="Schooner">Schooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloop" title="Sloop">Sloop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_(ship)" title="Snow (ship)">Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawl" title="Yawl">Yawl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Multihull" title="Multihull">Multihull</a> vessels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBalia" class="mw-redirect" title="ʻalia">ʻalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatasi" title="Amatasi">Amatasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baurua" title="Baurua">Baurua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigiw" title="Bigiw">Bigiw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camakau" title="Camakau">Camakau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catamaran" title="Catamaran">Catamaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drua" title="Drua">Drua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilalo" title="Guilalo">Guilalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukung" title="Jukung">Jukung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaep" title="Kaep">Kaep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalia_(watercraft)" title="Kalia (watercraft)">Kalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakoa" title="Karakoa">Karakoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kora_kora" title="Kora kora">Kora kora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakatoi" title="Lakatoi">Lakatoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanong" title="Lanong">Lanong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outrigger_canoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Outrigger canoe">Outrigger canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahi_(ship)" title="Pahi (ship)">Pahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraw" title="Paraw">Paraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentamaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentamaran">Pentamaran</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Proa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrimaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadrimaran">Quadrimaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takia_(watercraft)" title="Takia (watercraft)">Takia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepukei" title="Tepukei">Tepukei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipairua" title="Tipairua">Tipairua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongiaki" title="Tongiaki">Tongiaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimaran" title="Trimaran">Trimaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungalawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ungalawa">Ungalawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Va%27a-tele" title="Va'a-tele">Va'a-tele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaka_katea" title="Vaka katea">Vaka katea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinta" title="Vinta">Vinta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wa_(watercraft)" title="Wa (watercraft)">Wa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Naval and merchant<br /><a href="/wiki/Sailing_ship" title="Sailing ship">sailing ships</a><br />and other vessels <br />(by origin date)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Balangay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boita" title="Boita">Boita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borobudur_ship" title="Borobudur ship">Borobudur ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhow" title="Dhow">Dhow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_ship" title="Fire ship">Fire ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galley" title="Galley">Galley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penteconter" title="Penteconter">Penteconter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bireme" title="Bireme">Bireme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trireme" title="Trireme">Trireme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadriremes" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadriremes">Quadriremes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tessarakonteres" title="Tessarakonteres">Tessarakonteres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dromon" title="Dromon">Dromon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_(ship)" title="Junk (ship)">Junk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%27un-lun_po" title="K'un-lun po">K'un-lun po</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepa_(ship)" title="Lepa (ship)">Lepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mtepe" title="Mtepe">Mtepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uru_(boat)" title="Uru (boat)">Uru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-classical_history" title="Post-classical history">Post-classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinger" title="Balinger">Balinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benawa" title="Benawa">Benawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birlinn" title="Birlinn">Birlinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomb_vessel" title="Bomb vessel">Bomb vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cog_(ship)" title="Cog (ship)">Cog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulk_(medieval_ship_type)" title="Hulk (medieval ship type)">Hulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jong_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jong (ship)">Jong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knarr" title="Knarr">Knarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koch_(boat)" title="Koch (boat)">Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kondura_(ship)" title="Kondura (ship)">Kondura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longship" title="Longship">Longship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malangbang" title="Malangbang">Malangbang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shitik" title="Shitik">Shitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongkang" title="Tongkang">Tongkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabra" title="Zabra">Zabra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrack" title="Carrack">Carrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_treasure_ship" title="Chinese treasure ship">Chinese treasure ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caravel" title="Caravel">Caravel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghurab" title="Ghurab">Ghurab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaran_(ship)" title="Lancaran (ship)">Lancaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoy_(boat)" title="Hoy (boat)">Hoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trabaccolo" title="Trabaccolo">Trabaccolo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crommesteven" title="Crommesteven">Crommesteven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galiot" title="Galiot">Galiot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleon" title="Galleon">Galleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleass" title="Galleass">Galleass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghali_(ship)" title="Ghali (ship)">Ghali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flyboat" title="Flyboat">Flyboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluyt" title="Fluyt">Fluyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-rigged_pinnace" title="Full-rigged pinnace">Full-rigged pinnace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorcha_(boat)" title="Lorcha (boat)">Lorcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man-of-war" title="Man-of-war">Man-of-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchua" title="Manchua">Manchua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patache" title="Patache">Patache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speronara" title="Speronara">Speronara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square-rigged_caravel" title="Square-rigged caravel">Square-rigged caravel (<i>round</i> or <i>de armada</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xebec" title="Xebec">Xebec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_sloop" title="Bermuda sloop">Bermuda sloop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corvette" title="Corvette">Corvette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">Frigate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeas" title="Galeas">Galeas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koff_(ship_type)" title="Koff (ship type)">Koff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_(ship)" title="Pink (ship)">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polacca" title="Polacca">Polacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_of_the_line" title="Ship of the line">Ship of the line</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilander" title="Bilander">Bilander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chialoup" title="Chialoup">Chialoup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinaman_(ship)" title="Chinaman (ship)">Chinaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clipper" title="Clipper">Clipper</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Clipper" title="Baltimore Clipper">Baltimore Clipper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Indiaman" title="East Indiaman">East Indiaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallivat" title="Gallivat">Gallivat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_(ship)" title="Garay (ship)">Garay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grab_(ship)" title="Grab (ship)">Grab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gundalow" title="Gundalow">Gundalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanong" title="Lanong">Lanong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padewakang" title="Padewakang">Padewakang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_ship" title="Post ship">Post ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy-four_(ship)" title="Seventy-four (ship)">74-gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_of_the_line" title="Ship of the line">Ship of the line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloop-of-war" title="Sloop-of-war">Sloop-of-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toop_(boat)" title="Toop (boat)">Toop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trincadour" title="Trincadour">Trincadour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_ship" title="Slave ship">Slave ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Indiaman" title="West Indiaman">West Indiaman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackwall_frigate" title="Blackwall frigate">Blackwall frigate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Down_Easter_(ship)" title="Down Easter (ship)">Down Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golekan" title="Golekan">Golekan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron-hulled_sailing_ship" title="Iron-hulled sailing ship">Iron-hulled sailing ship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ironclad_warship" title="Ironclad warship">Warship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janggolan" title="Janggolan">Janggolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambo_(boat)" title="Lambo (boat)">Lambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leti_leti" title="Leti leti">Leti leti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palari_(boat)" title="Palari (boat)">Palari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamar_barge" title="Tamar barge">Tamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Country_Ketch" class="mw-redirect" title="West Country Ketch">West Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windjammer" title="Windjammer">Windjammer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montagu_whaler" title="Montagu whaler">Montagu whaler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fishing vessels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagan_(fishing)" title="Bagan (fishing)">Bagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bago_(boat)" title="Bago (boat)">Bago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barca-longa" title="Barca-longa">Barca-longa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falku%C5%A1a" title="Falkuša">Falkuša</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felucca" title="Felucca">Felucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifie" title="Fifie">Fifie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gableboat" title="Gableboat">Gableboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring_buss" title="Herring buss">Herring buss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangada" title="Jangada">Jangada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukung" title="Jukung">Jukung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugger" title="Lugger">Lugger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masula_boat" title="Masula boat">Masula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayang_(boat)" title="Mayang (boat)">Mayang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patorani" title="Patorani">Patorani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordland_(boat)" title="Nordland (boat)">Nordland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixareen" title="Sixareen">Sixareen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sgoth_Niseach" class="mw-redirect" title="Sgoth Niseach">Sgoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smack_(ship)" title="Smack (ship)">Smack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartane" title="Tartane">Tartane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well_smack" title="Well smack">Well smack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoal" title="Yoal">Yoal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recreational vessels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dinghy" title="Dinghy">Dinghy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljungstr%C3%B6m_sailboat" title="Ljungström sailboat">Ljungström sailboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mast_aft_rig" class="mw-redirect" title="Mast aft rig">Mast aft rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_cruiser" title="Pocket cruiser">Pocket cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_hydrofoil" title="Sailing hydrofoil">Sailing hydrofoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_yacht" title="Sailing yacht">Sailing yacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sportsboat" title="Sportsboat">Sportsboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailer_sailer" title="Trailer sailer">Trailer sailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wharram" title="James Wharram">Wharrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsurfing" title="Windsurfing">Windsurfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacht" title="Yacht">Yacht</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inflatable_boat" title="Inflatable boat">Inflatable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashed-lug_boat" title="Lashed-lug boat">Lashed lug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razee" title="Razee">Razee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewn_boat" title="Sewn boat">Sewn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tall_ship" title="Tall ship">Tall ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treenailed_boat" title="Treenailed boat">Treenailed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_light_displacement_boat" title="Ultra light displacement boat">ULDB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Channel_pilot_cutter" title="Bristol Channel pilot cutter">Bristol Channel pilot cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floating_restaurant" title="Floating restaurant">Floating restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusta" title="Fusta">Fusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersey_flat" title="Mersey flat">Mersey flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_punt" title="Norfolk punt">Norfolk punt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_wherry" title="Norfolk wherry">Norfolk wherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pausik" class="mw-redirect" title="Pausik">Pausik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinnace_(ship%27s_boat)" title="Pinnace (ship's boat)">Pinnace (ship's boat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pram_(ship)" title="Pram (ship)">Pram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scow" title="Scow">Scow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_sailing_barge" title="Thames sailing barge">Thames sailing barge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wherry" title="Wherry">Wherry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_operations" title="Nautical operations">Nautical operations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Culture_of_indigenous_Oceania597" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Oceania" title="Template:Culture of Oceania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Oceania" title="Template talk:Culture of Oceania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Oceania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Oceania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culture_of_indigenous_Oceania597" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_peoples#Oceania" title="List of Indigenous peoples">Culture of indigenous Oceania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>List of resources about traditional arts and culture of Oceania</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_art" title="Oceanian art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island#Ahu" title="Easter Island">Ahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_art" title="Indigenous Australian art">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Arts" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapa" title="Kapa">kapa (Hawaiʻi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lei_(garland)" title="Lei (garland)">Lei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magimagi" title="Magimagi">magimagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moai" title="Moai">moai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_art" title="New Zealand art">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:M%C4%81ori_art" title="Category:Māori art">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguzu_nguzu" title="Nguzu nguzu">nguzu nguzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_art" title="Oceanian art">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_art" title="Papua New Guinean art">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reimiro" title="Reimiro">reimiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" title="Tā moko">tā moko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabua" title="Tabua">tabua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%CA%BBovala" title="Taʻovala">taʻovala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapa_cloth" title="Tapa cloth">tapa ["masi" (Fiji), "ngatu" (Tonga), "siapo" (Sāmoa), " ʻuha" (Rotuma)]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattoo" title="Tattoo">tattoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%93fui" title="Tēfui">tēfui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivaevae" title="Tivaevae">tivaevae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Broad culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">areca nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kava" title="Kava">"yaqona" (Fiji), or "sakau" (Pohnpei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kava_culture" title="Kava culture">Kava culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapita_culture" title="Lapita culture">Lapita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_culture" title="Polynesian culture">Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa_%27ava_ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoa 'ava ceremony">Sāmoa 'ava ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wood_carving#Aboriginal" title="History of wood carving">Wood carving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geo-specific,<br />general</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians#Culture" title="Indigenous Australians">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_astronomy" title="Australian Aboriginal astronomy">Australian Aboriginal astronomy</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Culture" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands#People_and_culture" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline Islands</a>, <i>-<a href="/wiki/Pwo" title="Pwo">Pwo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriori#Revival_of_culture" title="Moriori">Chatham Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands#Culture" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island#Culture" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Fiji" title="Culture of Fiji">Fiji</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lau_Islands#Culture_and_economy" title="Lau Islands">Lau Islands</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fijian_traditions_and_ceremonies" title="Fijian traditions and ceremonies">traditions and ceremonies</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam#Culture" title="Guam">Guam</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lomilomi_massage" title="Lomilomi massage">Lomilomi massage</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kiribati" title="Culture of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Marquesas_Islands" title="Culture of the Marquesas Islands">French Polynesia's Marquesas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia#Culture" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Nauru" title="Culture of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia#Culture" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_Zealand" title="Culture of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue#Culture" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island#Culture" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau#Culture" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Culture of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands#Culture_and_religion" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoan culture">Sāmoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Solomon_Islands" title="Culture of the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Tonga" title="Culture of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders#Culture" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu#Culture" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Vanuatu" title="Culture of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna#Culture" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_navigation" title="Polynesian navigation">Polynesian Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_navigation" title="Micronesian navigation">Micronesian Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshallese culture">Marshall Islands</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands_stick_chart" title="Marshall Islands stick chart">Stick charts of</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yap#Culture" title="Yap">Yap</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yap#Navigation_(sailing)" title="Yap">navigation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weriyeng" title="Weriyeng">Weriyeng navigation school</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canoes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_dugout_canoe" title="Aboriginal dugout canoe">Aboriginal dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alingano_Maisu" title="Alingano Maisu">Alingano Maisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Bangka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drua" title="Drua">Drua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(boat)#Pacific_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Dugout (boat)">Dugout (boat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dk%C5%ABle%CA%BBa" title="Hōkūleʻa">Hōkūleʻa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaep" title="Kaep">Kaep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakoa" title="Karakoa">Karakoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_migration_canoes" title="Māori migration canoes">Māori migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outrigger_canoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Outrigger canoe">Outrigger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paopao_(canoe)" title="Paopao (canoe)"> Paopao (Tuvalu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraw" title="Paraw">Paraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_sailing#Polynesian_sailing_canoes" title="Canoe sailing">Polynesian sailing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Proa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinta" title="Vinta">Vinta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waka_(canoe)" title="Waka (canoe)">Waka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_M%C4%81ori_waka" title="List of Māori waka">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walap" title="Walap">Walap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAparima" title="ʻAparima">ʻAparima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cibi" title="Cibi">cibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fara_(Rotuman_festivity)" title="Fara (Rotuman festivity)">fara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_performance" title="Fire performance">fire dancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firewalking" title="Firewalking">firewalking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haka" title="Haka">haka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hivinau" title="Hivinau">hivinau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hula" title="Hula">hula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailao" title="Kailao">kailao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapa_haka" title="Kapa haka">kapa haka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Kiribati" title="Dance in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meke" title="Meke">meke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27ote%27a" title="'ote'a">'ote'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%27o%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Pa'o'a">pa'o'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poi_(performance_art)" title="Poi (performance art)">poi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Rotuma" title="Dance in Rotuma">Rotuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_culture#Dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoan culture">siva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dances_of_Tahiti" title="Category:Dances of Tahiti">Tahiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamure" title="Tamure">tāmūrē</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tautoga" title="Tautoga">tautoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dances_of_Tonga" title="Category:Dances of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tuvalu" title="Music of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27upa%27upa" title="'upa'upa">'upa'upa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Australia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garma_Festival_of_Traditional_Cultures" title="Garma Festival of Traditional Cultures">Garma Festival</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hawaiʻi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aloha_Festivals" title="Aloha Festivals">Aloha Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrie_Monarch_Festival" title="Merrie Monarch Festival">Merrie Monarch Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Invitational_Hula_Festival" title="World Invitational Hula Festival">World Invitational Hula Festival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Fiji" title="List of festivals in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li>New Zealand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pasifika_Festival" title="Pasifika Festival">Pasifika Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Matatini" title="Te Matatini">Te Matatini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Community" title="Pacific Community">Pacific Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festival_of_Pacific_Arts" title="Festival of Pacific Arts">Festival of Pacific Arts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Category:Festivals in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_languages" title="Oceanic languages">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Oceania115" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Oceania" title="Languages of Oceania">Languages of Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Australia" title="Languages of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Fiji" title="Languages of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Indonesia" title="Languages of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kiribati" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Marshall_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Nauru" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_New_Zealand" title="Languages of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Palau" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Languages of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Timor-Leste" title="Languages of Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tuvalu" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Vanuatu" title="Languages of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Cook_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Easter_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_French_Polynesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_New_Caledonia" title="Languages of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Norfolk_Island" title="Languages of Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tokelau" title="Languages of Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Wallis_and_Futuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by category</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Oceania" title="Category:Languages of Oceania">Languages of Oceania</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_literature" title="Oceanian literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Literature_of_Oceania116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Oceania">Literature of Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Federated States of Micronesia (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Fiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Kiribati (page does not exist)">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Marshall_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Marshall Islands (page does not exist)">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Nauru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Nauru (page does not exist)">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Palau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Palau (page does not exist)">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Solomon_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Solomon Islands (page does not exist)">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Timor-Leste" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Tonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Tuvalu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Tuvalu (page does not exist)">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Vanuatu" title="Literature of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_the_Cook_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of American Samoa (page does not exist)">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_French_Polynesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of French Polynesia (page does not exist)">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Guam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Guam (page does not exist)">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_New_Caledonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Norfolk_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Norfolk Island (page does not exist)">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Northern Mariana Islands (page does not exist)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Pitcairn Islands (page does not exist)">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Tokelau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Tokelau (page does not exist)">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Wallis_and_Futuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Wallis and Futuna (page does not exist)">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Austral_Islands" title="Music of the Austral Islands">Austral Islands (French Polynesia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_Australia" title="Indigenous music of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Music" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Music of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Easter_Island" title="Music of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Fiji" title="Music of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guam" title="Music of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kiribati" title="Music of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lali_(drum)" title="Lali (drum)">Lali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Melanesia" title="Music of Melanesia">Melanesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nauru" title="Music of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Caledonia" title="Music of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Zealand" title="Music of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_music" title="Māori music">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Niue" title="Music of Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Music of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Palau" title="Music of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Music of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Polynesia" title="Music of Polynesia">Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Samoa" title="Music of Samoa">Sāmoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slit_drum" title="Slit drum">Slit drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Music of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tahiti" title="Music of Tahiti">Tahiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tokelau" title="Music of Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tonga" title="Music of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tuvalu" title="Music of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vanuatu" title="Music of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Polynesia" title="Music of Polynesia">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mythology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aboriginal mythology">Australian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fijian_mythology" title="Category:Fijian mythology">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangarevan_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangarevan mythology">Mangarevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahiti_and_Society_Islands_mythology" title="Tahiti and Society Islands mythology">Maohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_mythology" title="Māori mythology">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_mythology" title="Melanesian mythology">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menehune" title="Menehune">Menehune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_mythology" title="Micronesian mythology">Micronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oceanian_legendary_creatures" title="Category:Oceanian legendary creatures">Oceanian legendary creatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_mythology" title="Polynesian mythology">Polynesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_mythology" title="Rapa Nui mythology">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_mythology" title="Samoan mythology">Samoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_mythology" title="Tuvaluan mythology">Tuvaluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vanuatu_mythology" title="Category:Vanuatu mythology">Vanuatuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_American_and_Pacific_Islander_Policy_Research_Consortium" title="Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium">Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islander_Studies" title="Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies">Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama-Bajau" title="Sama-Bajau">Sama-Bajau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriori" title="Moriori">Chatham Islander (Moriori <em>or</em> Rekohu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijians" title="Fijians">Fijian (iTaukei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilocano_people" title="Ilocano people">Ilocano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igorot" class="mw-redirect" title="Igorot">Igorot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivatan_people" title="Ivatan people">Ivatans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumad" title="Lumad">Lumad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Demographics of the Marshall Islands">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesians" title="Melanesians">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesians" title="Micronesians">Micronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrito" title="Negrito">Negrito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Islanders" title="Norfolk Islanders">Norfolk Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_people_of_New_Guinea" title="Indigenous people of New Guinea">Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maohi" title="Maohi">Indigenous Polynesian (Mā’ohi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_people" title="Rapa Nui people">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotumans" title="Rotumans">Rotuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoans" title="Samoans">Samoan (Tagata Māo‘i)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_people" title="Tagalog people">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahitians" title="Tahitians">Tahitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_aborigines" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese aborigines">Taiwanese aborigines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelauans" title="Tokelauans">Tokelauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongans" title="Tongans">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visayans" title="Visayans">Visayans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yami_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Yami people">Yami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion_in_Oceania114" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oceania" title="Religion in Oceania">Religion in Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Australia" title="Religion in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Religion in the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Fiji" title="Religion in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Indonesia" title="Religion in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kiribati" title="Religion in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Religion in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nauru" title="Religion in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Zealand" title="Religion in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Palau" title="Religion in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Religion in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Samoa" title="Religion in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Solomon_Islands" title="Religion in Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Timor-Leste" title="Religion in Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tonga" title="Religion in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tuvalu" title="Religion in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vanuatu" title="Religion in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Religion in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religion in Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_French_Polynesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Caledonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Norfolk_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tokelau" title="Religion in Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wallis_and_Futuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>For other topics including Oceanian <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Oceania">cinema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shell_money_in_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell money in Oceania">indigenous currency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Oceanian_clothing" title="Category:History of Oceanian clothing">dress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Oceanian_folklore" title="Category:Oceanian folklore">folklore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Oceanian_cuisine" title="Category:Oceanian cuisine">cuisine</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Oceania" title="Category:Culture of Oceania">Category:Culture of Oceania</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox418" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: Artists <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1535890#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" 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