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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As its name indicates, a triple is a <a href="/wiki/Tuple" title="Tuple">sequence of three entities</a> that codifies a <a href="/wiki/Statement_(programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Statement (programming)">statement</a> about <a href="/wiki/Semantic_data_model" title="Semantic data model">semantic data</a> in the form of subject–predicate–object expressions (e.g., "Bob is 35", or "Bob knows John"). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subject,_predicate_and_object"><span id="Subject.2C_predicate_and_object"></span>Subject, predicate and object</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantic_triple&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Subject, predicate and object"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This format enables <a href="/wiki/Knowledge_representation_and_reasoning" title="Knowledge representation and reasoning">knowledge to be represented</a> in a machine-readable way. Particularly, every part of an RDF triple is individually addressable via unique <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URIs</a>—for example, the statement "Bob knows John" might be represented in RDF as: </p><p><code>http://example.name#BobSmith12 http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows http://example.name#JohnDoe34</code>. </p><p>Given this precise representation, semantic data can be unambiguously <a href="/wiki/Semantic_query" title="Semantic query">queried</a> and <a href="/wiki/Semantic_reasoner" title="Semantic reasoner">reasoned</a> about. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Basic_RDF_Graph.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image depicting the subject predicate object relation." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Basic_RDF_Graph.svg/220px-Basic_RDF_Graph.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Basic_RDF_Graph.svg/330px-Basic_RDF_Graph.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Basic_RDF_Graph.svg/440px-Basic_RDF_Graph.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="160" /></a><figcaption>The basic semantic triple model</figcaption></figure><p>The components of a triple, such as the statement "The sky has the color blue", consist of a <a href="/wiki/Subject_(grammar)" title="Subject (grammar)">subject</a> ("the sky"), a <a href="/wiki/Predicate_(grammar)" title="Predicate (grammar)">predicate</a> ("has the color"), and an <a href="/wiki/Object_(grammar)" title="Object (grammar)">object</a> ("blue"). This is similar to the classical notation of an <a href="/wiki/Entity%E2%80%93attribute%E2%80%93value_model" title="Entity–attribute–value model">entity–attribute–value model</a> within <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Object-oriented design">object-oriented design</a>, where this example would be expressed as an entity (sky), an attribute (color) and a value (blue). </p><p>From this basic structure, triples can be composed into <a href="/wiki/Semantic_network" title="Semantic network">more complex models</a>, by using triples as objects or subjects of other triples—for example, <code>Mike → said → (triples → can be → objects)</code>. </p><p>Given their particular, consistent structure, a collection of triples is often stored in purpose-built databases called <a href="/wiki/Triplestore" title="Triplestore">triplestores</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Difference_to_relational_databases">Difference to relational databases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantic_triple&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Difference to relational databases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Relational_database" title="Relational database">relational database</a> is the classical form for information storage, working with different tables, which consist of rows. The query language <a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a> is able to retrieve information from such a database. In contrast, RDF triple storage works with logical predicates. No tables nor rows are needed, but the information is stored in a text file. A RDF-triple storage can be converted into an SQL database and the other way around.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the knowledge is highly <a href="/wiki/Unstructured_data" title="Unstructured data">unstructured</a> and dedicated tables aren't flexible enough, semantic triples are used over classic relational storage. </p><p>In contrast to a traditional SQL database, an RDF triple storage isn't created with a table editor. The preferred tool is a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Knowledge_editor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knowledge editor (page does not exist)">knowledge editor</a>, for example <a href="/wiki/Prot%C3%A9g%C3%A9_(software)" title="Protégé (software)">Protégé</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Protégé looks similar to an object-oriented modeling application used for <a href="/wiki/Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">software engineering</a>, but it's focused on natural language information. The RDF triples are aggregated into a <a href="/wiki/Knowledge_base" title="Knowledge base">knowledge base</a>, which allows external parsers to run requests. Possible applications include the creation of non-player characters within video games.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Limitations">Limitations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantic_triple&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Limitations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One concern about triple storage is its lack of <a href="/wiki/Database_scalability" title="Database scalability">database scalability</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This problem is especially pertinent if millions of triples are stored and retrieved in a database. The seek time is larger than for classical <a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL-based</a> databases. </p><p>A more complex issue is a knowledge model's inability to predict future states. Even if all the domain knowledge is available as <a href="/wiki/Predicate_(mathematical_logic)" title="Predicate (mathematical logic)">logical predicates</a>, the model fails in answering <a href="/wiki/What-if_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="What-if analysis">what-if questions</a>. For example, suppose in the RDF format a room with a robot and table is described. The robot knows what the location of the table is, is aware of the distance to the table and knows also that a table is a type of furniture. Before the robot can plan its next action, it needs <a href="/wiki/Commonsense_reasoning" title="Commonsense reasoning">temporal reasoning</a> capabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, the knowledge model should answer hypothetical questions in advance before an action is taken. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantic_triple&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Named_graph#Named_graphs_and_quads" title="Named graph">Named graphs and quads</a>, an extension to semantic triples to also include a context node as a fourth element.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_database" title="Graph database">Graph database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_relation" title="Link relation">Link relation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantic_triple&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCuddihy,_Paul_and_McHugh,_Justin_and_Williams,_Jenny_Weisenberg_and_Mulwad,_Varish_and_Aggour,_Kareem_S2017" class="citation arxiv cs1">Cuddihy, Paul and McHugh, Justin and Williams, Jenny Weisenberg and Mulwad, Varish and Aggour, Kareem S (2017). 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Technological Educational Institute of Crete.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Semantic+modeling+of+educational+curriculum+and+syllabus&rft.inst=Technological+Educational+Institute+of+Crete&rft.date=2018&rft.au=Katis%2C+Evangelos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemantic+triple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKluwer,_Tina_and_Adolphs,_Peter_and_Xu,_Feiyu_and_Uszkoreit,_Hans_and_Cheng,_Xiwen2010" class="citation conference cs1">Kluwer, Tina and Adolphs, Peter and Xu, Feiyu and Uszkoreit, Hans and Cheng, Xiwen (2010). <i>Talking NPCs in a virtual game world</i>. Proceedings of the ACL 2010 System Demonstrations. pp. 36–41.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Talking+NPCs+in+a+virtual+game+world&rft.pages=36-41&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Kluwer%2C+Tina+and+Adolphs%2C+Peter+and+Xu%2C+Feiyu+and+Uszkoreit%2C+Hans+and+Cheng%2C+Xiwen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemantic+triple" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_conference" title="Template:Cite conference">cite conference</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaroslav_Pokorny2015" class="citation conference cs1">Jaroslav Pokorny (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01444505/file/978-3-319-24369-6_5_Chapter.pdf">"Graph Databases: Their Power and Limitations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management</i>. Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 9339. Springer International Publishing. pp. 58–69. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-24369-6_5">10.1007/978-3-319-24369-6_5</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-24368-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-24368-9"><bdi>978-3-319-24368-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Graph+Databases%3A+Their+Power+and+Limitations&rft.btitle=Computer+Information+Systems+and+Industrial+Management&rft.series=Lecture+Notes+in+Computer+Science&rft.pages=58-69&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-24369-6_5&rft.isbn=978-3-319-24368-9&rft.au=Jaroslav+Pokorny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhal.inria.fr%2Fhal-01444505%2Ffile%2F978-3-319-24369-6_5_Chapter.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemantic+triple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClaudio_Gutierrez_and_Carlos_Hurtado_and_Alejandro_Vaisman2007" class="citation journal cs1">Claudio Gutierrez and Carlos Hurtado and Alejandro Vaisman (2007). "Introducing Time into RDF". <i>IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering</i>. <b>19</b> (2). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE): 207–218. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2Ftkde.2007.34">10.1109/tkde.2007.34</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9749119">9749119</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Knowledge+and+Data+Engineering&rft.atitle=Introducing+Time+into+RDF&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=207-218&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2Ftkde.2007.34&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A9749119%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Claudio+Gutierrez+and+Carlos+Hurtado+and+Alejandro+Vaisman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemantic+triple" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantic_triple&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-primer/#section-triple">"RDF 1.1 Primer § Triples"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RDF+1.1+Primer+%C2%A7+Triples&rft.pub=W3C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Frdf11-primer%2F%23section-triple&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemantic+triple" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xiweb.it/triple-semantiche-ruolo-nella-seo-semantica/">"Il ruolo delle triple semantiche nella SEO"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Il+ruolo+delle+triple+semantiche+nella+SEO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.xiweb.it%2Ftriple-semantiche-ruolo-nella-seo-semantica%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemantic+triple" class="Z3988"></span><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span 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href="/wiki/Reference_(computer_science)" title="Reference (computer science)">References</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topic_map" title="Topic map">Topic map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_2.0" title="Web 2.0">Web 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_engineering" title="Web engineering">Web engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Science_Trust" title="Web Science Trust">Web Science Trust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Syntax and supporting technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier" title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</a> <ul><li><small><a class="mw-selflink selflink">triples</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/RDF/XML" title="RDF/XML">RDF/XML</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/JSON-LD" title="JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Turtle_(syntax)" title="Turtle (syntax)">Turtle</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/TriG_(syntax)" title="TriG (syntax)">TriG</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Notation3" title="Notation3">Notation3</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/N-Triples" title="N-Triples">N-Triples</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/TriX_(serialization_format)" title="TriX (serialization format)">TriX</a> (no W3C standard)</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_Resource_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Research Resource Identifier">RRID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPARQL" title="SPARQL">SPARQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_HTML" title="Semantic HTML">Semantic HTML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schemas, ontologies and rules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Logic" title="Common Logic">Common Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Ontology_Language" title="Web Ontology Language">OWL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RDF_Schema" title="RDF Schema">RDFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_Interchange_Format" title="Rule Interchange Format">Rule Interchange Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_Web_Rule_Language" title="Semantic Web Rule Language">Semantic Web Rule Language</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Application-Level_Profile_Semantics_(ALPS)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Application-Level Profile Semantics (ALPS) (page does not exist)">ALPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHACL" title="SHACL">SHACL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Semantic annotation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embedded_RDF" title="Embedded RDF">eRDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRDDL" title="GRDDL">GRDDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microdata_(HTML)" title="Microdata (HTML)">Microdata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microformat" title="Microformat">Microformats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RDFa" title="RDFa">RDFa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAWSDL" title="SAWSDL">SAWSDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Platform" title="Facebook Platform">Facebook Platform</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Common vocabularies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DOAP" title="DOAP">DOAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Core" title="Dublin Core">Dublin Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOAF" title="FOAF">FOAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schema.org" title="Schema.org">Schema.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantically_Interlinked_Online_Communities" title="Semantically Interlinked Online Communities">SIOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Knowledge_Organization_System" title="Simple Knowledge Organization System">SKOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Microformat vocabularies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HAtom" title="HAtom">hAtom</a></li> 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