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Therefore the companies use sustainable methods to prevent pollution by promoting eco-labels with their products and managing the generated waste. Clothing is an integral part of our lives, and the increment of establishing textile industries has a higher rate than the past in Asian countries. Sri Lanka has only the internal market during the 1960s. Nowadays it grows 40% of total export in here. So that each and every industry should concern about the disposal methods for greening textile industry, this paper briefly explains the product cycle, from the raw material through the design, production, and logistics up to disposal and focus on the waste generation types and suggestions to reduce for a sustainable world.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"61356778"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Environmental Impacts Of Textile Industry In Sri Lanka","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [7186002]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" 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data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="69124801" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69124801/Textile_Industrys_Environmental_Effects_and_Approaching_Cleaner_Production_and_Sustainability_an_Overview">Textile Industry's Environmental Effects and Approaching Cleaner Production and Sustainability: an Overview</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="95616816" href="https://independent.academia.edu/pervinAN%C4%B0%C5%9E">pervin ANİŞ</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Textile Engineering & Fashion Technology</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Textile Industry's Environmental Effects and Approaching Cleaner Production and Sustainability: an Overview","attachmentId":79342007,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/69124801/Textile_Industrys_Environmental_Effects_and_Approaching_Cleaner_Production_and_Sustainability_an_Overview","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/69124801/Textile_Industrys_Environmental_Effects_and_Approaching_Cleaner_Production_and_Sustainability_an_Overview"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="89211826" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/89211826/Environmental_Sustainability_through_Textile_Recycling">Environmental Sustainability through Textile Recycling</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5324448" href="https://knust.academia.edu/AsinyoBenjamin">Benjamin K Asinyo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Textile Science &amp; Engineering, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Environmental Sustainability through Textile Recycling","attachmentId":93050930,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89211826/Environmental_Sustainability_through_Textile_Recycling","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/89211826/Environmental_Sustainability_through_Textile_Recycling"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="90850449" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/90850449/Sustainable_management_of_textile_and_clothing">Sustainable management of textile and clothing</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="206508555" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChukwuebukaOkafor6">Chukwuebuka Okafor</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Clean Technologies and Recycling, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Textile and clothing industry (T&C) is the second largest industry in the manufacturing sector. Currently, the industry operates on a linear model. Its value-chain is associated with several problems such as environment pollution (solid wastes, effluent discharges, air pollution, and emission of greenhouse gases), and resources extraction and depletion (raw materials, water, energy). These problems present the challenges that are addressed in this paper. These problems are further exacerbated by the rapid growth in population and attendant need for economic growth. There is therefore need to begin to address how to make the industry more sustainable. This will entail reviewing the entire T&C value chain from raw material extraction to post-consumption of its products. Nigeria, an emerging economy is used as a proxy for the study. The management of textile/clothing wastes in Nigeria does not follow best practices, as the wastes are generally, disposed at dumpsites. Even though Nigeri...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Sustainable management of textile and clothing","attachmentId":94298874,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/90850449/Sustainable_management_of_textile_and_clothing","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/90850449/Sustainable_management_of_textile_and_clothing"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="67778261" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67778261/Solid_Waste_Management_in_Textile_Industry">Solid Waste Management in Textile Industry</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="143187706" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JOURNALOFRESEARCHTECHNOLOGYANDENGINEERING">JOURNAL OF RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Textile is one of the primary needs of human beings in the modern world. The Textile industry has a vast production capacity across the globe. Regarding the production capacity, it generates a considerable amount of solid waste. Under sustainable development, most textile industries pay attention to implementing a proper waste management system. The importance of reducing, reusing, recycling, and managing waste is motivated by the increasing cost and decreasing availability of dumping areas, and the diminishing of natural resources. The central government imposes several regulations, protocols, and structures to guide the process of textile industries towards being environmentally friendly. Most textile industries worldwide tend to establish a sustainable development department to implement the waste management process. But the main barriers to managing wastes are lack of technology, lack of equipment, and lack of consumer awareness about recycled and upcycled products. It is essential to give knowledge to consumers about the value of buying recycled and upcycled products. It will help ensure a good market for these products and motivate textile industries to manage their waste correctly.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Solid Waste Management in Textile Industry","attachmentId":78483849,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67778261/Solid_Waste_Management_in_Textile_Industry","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/67778261/Solid_Waste_Management_in_Textile_Industry"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="90408518" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/90408518/Waste_Disposal_Strategies_in_Textile_Manufacturing">Waste Disposal Strategies in Textile Manufacturing</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="245937961" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MHossain49">M. Hossain</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="238650117" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RazzakIslam">Md S H A Z Z A T Hossain</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">textile learner, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This study is a collective assessment on the numerous ways accessible to recycling textile garbage like composting, paper production, approaches employed by fashion businesses to recycle old garments. Special attention is given to technical textile materials, composite materials and non-woven industries that entail product development employing upcycled wastes. This might be an amazing experience to scholars and entrepreneur worldwide to engage in more scientific research and assist in lowering the disposal pollution</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Waste Disposal Strategies in Textile Manufacturing","attachmentId":93979953,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/90408518/Waste_Disposal_Strategies_in_Textile_Manufacturing","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/90408518/Waste_Disposal_Strategies_in_Textile_Manufacturing"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="77895740" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77895740/Textile_sustainability_reuse_of_clean_waste_from_the_textile_and_apparel_industry">Textile sustainability: reuse of clean waste from the textile and apparel industry</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="177439103" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Jord%C3%A3oCarina">Carina Jordão</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Textile sustainability: reuse of clean waste from the textile and apparel industry","attachmentId":85130847,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/77895740/Textile_sustainability_reuse_of_clean_waste_from_the_textile_and_apparel_industry","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/77895740/Textile_sustainability_reuse_of_clean_waste_from_the_textile_and_apparel_industry"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="23483320" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23483320/Environmental_and_socioeconomic_sustainability_through_textile_recycling">Environmental and socioeconomic sustainability through textile recycling</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2894711" href="https://ase.academia.edu/AdrianaGirneata">Adriana Dima (Girneata)</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27056072" href="https://uoradea.academia.edu/sunhildecuc">sunhilde cuc</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper examines the process of achieving environmental sustainability through recycling of textile wastes. It is organized as a review and editorial article, relating relevant research regarding sustainable development and recycling of textile waste, and outlining economic, environmental and social implications and suggested future actions. The recycling of textile waste can serve as a mean of providing solutions to financial, environmental and social problems such as high cost of waste disposal, and diminution of natural resources, create workplaces, opening opportunities for SMEs. The benefits and problems of this exercise are also highlighted. The conclusion drawn is that the recycling of waste brings benefits to all three aspects that define sustainability: economic, social and environmental, especially in solving the numerous ecological problems and boosting new economy sectors, but there are also negative aspects too. To quantify the potential ecological benefits, the economic and social effects of textile waste recycling, the paper proposes a framework model which makes tradeoff between costs of reverse network for textile waste establishing and operating, and its effects on the employment increase, and resold wearable textiles earnings. The main limit of the presented model is the fact that it is based on the premise that there is already a collecting infrastructure and a market for the recycled products. But, in Romania the textile waste collecting, especially the post-consumer one still remains an unsolved problem. In the conclusions, the paper presents several proposals whose solutions represent future research directions.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Environmental and socioeconomic sustainability through textile recycling","attachmentId":43919904,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23483320/Environmental_and_socioeconomic_sustainability_through_textile_recycling","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23483320/Environmental_and_socioeconomic_sustainability_through_textile_recycling"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="111771391" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/111771391/Determination_of_environmental_sustainability_practices_in_the_apparel_sector_of_Sri_Lanka">Determination of environmental sustainability practices in the apparel sector of Sri Lanka</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6628047" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ThiwankaDeFonseka">Dr. Thiwanka De Fonseka</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">European Journal of Sustainable Development Research</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Apparel is the second most polluted industry in the world after oil. Therefore, implementation of environmental sustainability practices in the apparel sector is a buzzing topic discussed throughout the globe. There are many operations throughout the value chain of the apparel sector from yarn manufacturing to final product finishing such as but not limited to dyeing, printing, washing, cutting, sewing, bonding, and packaging, which impact on the environment and there are many practices implemented to mitigate the environmental impacts throughout this value chain. Apparel industry is the prominent export revenue generator of Sri Lanka, which contributes to more than 40% of their export income. There are about 300 export-oriented apparel manufacturers in Sri Lanka, and all are managed by the private sector. This research was done to determine the environmental sustainability practices currently being implemented in the apparel sector of Sri Lanka. Qualitative data gathered via semi s...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Determination of environmental sustainability practices in the apparel sector of Sri Lanka","attachmentId":109208573,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111771391/Determination_of_environmental_sustainability_practices_in_the_apparel_sector_of_Sri_Lanka","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/111771391/Determination_of_environmental_sustainability_practices_in_the_apparel_sector_of_Sri_Lanka"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="99442019" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/99442019/Sustainable_Textile_Industry_An_Overview">Sustainable Textile Industry: An Overview</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="250310731" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SANOWARHOSSEN2">SANOWAR HOSSEN</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Non-Metallic Material Science</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The purpose of this study was to offer a general concept and overview of the textile industry’s environmental sustainability assessment. The textile and garment industries cause environmental damage at every stage of manufacturing, from the cultivation of raw materials through the disposal of finished goods. Chemical loading, high water consumption, high energy consumption, air pollution, solid waste, and odour creation are all key environmental concerns in the textile industry. To achieve sustainable production, it is necessary to examine the performance of the textile sector while considering the three elements of sustainability. To study and locate recent and related works, five keywords were used: environmental; sustainability; eco-design; manufacturer; supply chain management. All through the life cycle of textile products, the textile sector has a substantial environmental impact. This paper illustrates how the textile industry may use strategic ways to improve ecologically su...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Sustainable Textile Industry: An Overview","attachmentId":100530597,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99442019/Sustainable_Textile_Industry_An_Overview","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/99442019/Sustainable_Textile_Industry_An_Overview"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="67724606" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67724606/Impact_of_the_New_Textile_Policy_and_Textile_Waste_Management_System_in_India_and_a_Move_towards_Sustainable_Management">Impact of the New Textile Policy and Textile Waste Management System in India and a Move towards Sustainable Management</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6079060" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IJRASETPublication">IJRASET Publication</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">IJRASET, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Textile Industry is a very old and second most growing industry in India. It is also the second largest producer after China. Textile manufacturing process produces humongous amount of chemical toxic and utilizes excess amount of water which can serve a rural village for a year , Textile industry has contributed to climate change and air and water pollution ,today the world is adopting sustainable methods in textile sector to reduce their emission followed by Textile waste , India produces 1 million tonnes of textile waste per years where the household also amounts to good amount of it. Many of brands have to burn their product because of less sell and many because of over production which not only results in lost but also contributes to carbon footprints. Countries have started to utilize alternative textiles like pineapple leaves instead of cotton to reduce soil erosion , followed by man made fabric , use of plastic for making clothes. We need to introduce PPP model to collect waste and adjoin skill development programme and entrepreneurship for better sustainable economical growth and proper management.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Impact of the New Textile Policy and Textile Waste Management System in India and a Move towards Sustainable Management","attachmentId":78445471,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67724606/Impact_of_the_New_Textile_Policy_and_Textile_Waste_Management_System_in_India_and_a_Move_towards_Sustainable_Management","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/67724606/Impact_of_the_New_Textile_Policy_and_Textile_Waste_Management_System_in_India_and_a_Move_towards_Sustainable_Management"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":61356778,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":61356778,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_61356778" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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