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The date is between September 1918 and December 1918 when she and her sisters R-16, R-17 and R-18 patrolled Panamanian waters in the closing months of WW I. She has just finished backing away from either a pier or maybe a tender and is slowly gaining headway. The exact location is in some doubt, but the area seems to fit the Rio Chagres vicinity with the rail lines in the background and pairs of power poles as a clue. The WW I time frame is pretty certain due to the fact she is armed with the 3"/23 caliber Mk 9 gun (the gun barrel is mixed in with the legs of the two Chiefs in front of the conning tower), which she carried for only a short time. After her return from Panama, she and her sisters went to Mare Island to have the small guns removed and get deck modifications to accept the new, much more powerful 4"/50 caliber Mk 9 gun she will receive once she reported to Pearl Harbor.</span> <p><a href="/index.php?title=R-15" title="R-15">See more R-15 photos</a> </p><p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/index.php?title=File:Red_bar_sub.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/images/9/93/Red_bar_sub.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="12" /></a></span> </p> <h3><span id="R-16_.28SS-93.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="R-16_(SS-93)"><big>R-16 (SS-93)</big></span></h3> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/index.php?title=File:R-16_stbd_side_with_O.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="USN photo courtesy of USSVWII"><img alt="USN photo courtesy of USSVWII" src="/images/thumb/5/52/R-16_stbd_side_with_O.jpg/500px-R-16_stbd_side_with_O.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="386" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/images/thumb/5/52/R-16_stbd_side_with_O.jpg/750px-R-16_stbd_side_with_O.jpg 1.5x, /images/thumb/5/52/R-16_stbd_side_with_O.jpg/1000px-R-16_stbd_side_with_O.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1433" data-file-height="1106" /></a><figcaption>USN photo courtesy of USSVWII</figcaption></figure> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:#00008B">R-16 underway with the hills of Oahu in the background, mid-1920's. The Pacific Fleet Submarine Force developed a visual scheme to aid in identifying the R-boats while they were on the surface. The scheme consisted of a series of geometric shapes. For R-16 the shape was a circle, and this is shown on the aft end of the fairwater. The scheme was only used for a few years in the 1920's.</span> <p><a href="/index.php?title=R-16" title="R-16">See more R-16 photos</a> </p><p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/index.php?title=File:Red_bar_sub.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/images/9/93/Red_bar_sub.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="12" /></a></span> </p> <h3><span id="R-17_.28SS-94.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="R-17_(SS-94)"><big>R-17 (SS-94)</big></span></h3> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/index.php?title=File:R-17_underway_color.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="National Archives photo."><img alt="National Archives photo." src="/images/thumb/1/19/R-17_underway_color.jpg/500px-R-17_underway_color.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/images/1/19/R-17_underway_color.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption>National Archives photo.</figcaption></figure> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:#00008B">A colorized photo of R-17 underway in an unknown location, possibly Pearl Harbor, early 1920's. For a short period during the homeport transition from the mainland to Hawaii, the R-boats did not carry any external identification, other than the non-official geometric shapes on the aft end of the fairwater. R-17's shape was a triangle, so we know this is her.</span> <p><a href="/index.php?title=R-17" title="R-17">See more R-17 photos</a> </p><p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/index.php?title=File:Red_bar_sub.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/images/9/93/Red_bar_sub.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="12" /></a></span> </p> <h3><span id="R-18_.28SS-95.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="R-18_(SS-95)"><big>R-18 (SS-95)</big></span></h3> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/index.php?title=File:R-18_stbd.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Photo NH 108240 via NHHC."><img alt="Photo NH 108240 via NHHC." src="/images/thumb/e/e2/R-18_stbd.jpg/500px-R-18_stbd.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/images/thumb/e/e2/R-18_stbd.jpg/750px-R-18_stbd.jpg 1.5x, /images/thumb/e/e2/R-18_stbd.jpg/1000px-R-18_stbd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1239" data-file-height="931" /></a><figcaption>Photo NH 108240 via NHHC.</figcaption></figure> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:#00008B">R-18 is anchored in a gentle swell off of one of the Hawaiian Islands, mid 1920's. The anchor chain can be seen coming out of the anchor recess and running forward. The wires running fore to aft were radio aerial wires. The thinner one, when raised in conjunction with the radio mast provided long range communications. The heavier wire was for shorter range work, and would double as a mine clearance wire should the boat find itself in a minefield. A canvas "wind scoop" is attached to one of these wires and the bottom to the deck around the Torpedo Room hatch. The scoop directed air/wind below decks for cooling as there was no air conditioning at this time.</span> <p><a href="/index.php?title=R-18" title="R-18">See more R-18 photos</a> </p><p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/index.php?title=File:Red_bar_sub.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/images/9/93/Red_bar_sub.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="12" /></a></span> </p> <h3><span id="R-19_.28SS-96.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="R-19_(SS-96)"><big>R-19 (SS-96)</big></span></h3> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/index.php?title=File:R-19_stbd_side.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Photo NH 41518 via NHHC"><img alt="Photo NH 41518 via NHHC" src="/images/thumb/c/c9/R-19_stbd_side.jpeg/500px-R-19_stbd_side.jpeg" decoding="async" width="500" height="371" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/images/thumb/c/c9/R-19_stbd_side.jpeg/750px-R-19_stbd_side.jpeg 1.5x, /images/thumb/c/c9/R-19_stbd_side.jpeg/1000px-R-19_stbd_side.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="909" /></a><figcaption>Photo NH 41518 via NHHC</figcaption></figure> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:#00008B">R-19 maneuvering to moor at Submarine Base Pearl Harbor, mid, 1920's. Two men on her forward deck have coiled heaving lines in their hands ready to throw. This view is looking nearly due west from the finger piers, with the large building in the background sitting on Kuahua, which at that time was a small islet. Its northern end had not yet been backfilled in to form a peninsula. The buildings and piers of the shipyard can be seen in the far background, with several ships moored there. The large structure over the yard is actually floating crane YD-25. It was a fixture at in Hawaii and Pearl Harbor for several decades, providing invaluable crane services to the yard. It can be seen in many photos from this era.</span> <p><a href="/index.php?title=R-19" title="R-19">See more R-19 photos</a> </p><p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/index.php?title=File:Red_bar_sub.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/images/9/93/Red_bar_sub.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="12" /></a></span> </p> <h3><span id="R-20_.28SS-97.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="R-20_(SS-97)"><big>R-20 (SS-97)</big></span></h3> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/index.php?title=File:R-20_and_r-16.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Photo in the private collection of Ric Hedman."><img alt="Photo in the private collection of Ric Hedman." src="/images/thumb/8/88/R-20_and_r-16.jpg/500px-R-20_and_r-16.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/images/thumb/8/88/R-20_and_r-16.jpg/750px-R-20_and_r-16.jpg 1.5x, /images/thumb/8/88/R-20_and_r-16.jpg/1000px-R-20_and_r-16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="671" /></a><figcaption>Photo in the private collection of Ric Hedman.</figcaption></figure> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:#00008B">R-20 and the <a href="/index.php?title=R-16" title="R-16"><b>R-16 (SS-93)</b></a>, to the right in the background, with the circle on her conning tower fairwater. Location is off Hawaii in the early 1920's. The photo was taken from the deck of the <a href="/index.php?title=R-14" title="R-14"><b>R-14 (SS-91)</b></a>. <p><a href="/index.php?title=R-20" title="R-20">See more R-20 photos</a> </p><p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/index.php?title=File:Red_bar_sub.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/images/9/93/Red_bar_sub.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="12" /></a></span> </p> <center><a href="/index.php?title=R-class" title="R-class">Return to the R-class page</a> | <a href="/index.php?title=Submarine_Classes" title="Submarine Classes">Return to the Submarine Classes page</a></center> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/index.php?title=File:Red_bar_sub_new.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/images/8/81/Red_bar_sub_new.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="17" /></a></span> </p> 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