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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Catholicism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catholicism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Eastern Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lutheranism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lutheranism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lutheranism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lutheranism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Process_and_sequence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Process_and_sequence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Process and sequence</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Process_and_sequence-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Process and sequence subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Process_and_sequence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Recognition_of_other_churches'_orders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recognition_of_other_churches'_orders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Recognition of other churches' orders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recognition_of_other_churches'_orders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage_and_holy_orders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_and_holy_orders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Marriage and holy orders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_and_holy_orders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_concepts_of_ordination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_concepts_of_ordination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other concepts of ordination</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_concepts_of_ordination-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other concepts of ordination subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_concepts_of_ordination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Methodist_churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methodist_churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Methodist churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Methodist_churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presbyterian_churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presbyterian_churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Presbyterian churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presbyterian_churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Congregationalist_churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Congregationalist_churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Congregationalist churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Congregationalist_churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Irvingian_churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Irvingian_churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Irvingian churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Irvingian_churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latter_Day_Saint_Movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latter_Day_Saint_Movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Latter Day Saint Movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latter_Day_Saint_Movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5.1</span> <span>The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Community_of_Christ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community_of_Christ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5.2</span> <span>Community of Christ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Community_of_Christ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ordination_of_women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ordination_of_women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ordination of women</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ordination_of_women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ordination_of_LGBT_clergy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ordination_of_LGBT_clergy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ordination of LGBT clergy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ordination_of_LGBT_clergy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Print_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Print_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Print resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Print_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Holy orders</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D9%83%D9%87%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="رتب كهنوتية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رتب كهنوتية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9F%DC%97%DC%A2%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܟܗܢܘܬܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܟܗܢܘܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Եկեղեցական Կարգեր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Եկեղեցական Կարգեր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Свещенство – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Свещенство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_sacerdotal" title="Orde sacerdotal – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Orde sacerdotal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="Сăваплăхçăлăх – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сăваплăхçăлăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sv%C3%A1tost_kn%C4%9B%C5%BEstv%C3%AD" title="Svátost kněžství – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Svátost kněžství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ordination" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weihesakrament" title="Weihesakrament – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Weihesakrament" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaimulikku_ametisse_p%C3%BChitsemise_sakrament" title="Vaimulikku ametisse pühitsemise sakrament – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vaimulikku ametisse pühitsemise sakrament" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramento_del_orden" title="Sacramento del orden – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sacramento del orden" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinacio" title="Ordinacio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ordinacio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordenazio_(erlijioa)" title="Ordenazio (erlijioa) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ordenazio (erlijioa)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_sacerdotal" title="Orde sacerdotal – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Orde sacerdotal" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B1%ED%92%88%EC%84%B1%EC%82%AC" title="성품성사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="성품성사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordo" title="Ordo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ordo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imamat_kudus" title="Imamat kudus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Imamat kudus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordine_sacro" title="Ordine sacro – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ordine sacro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94" title="הסמכה לכהונה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הסמכה לכהונה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daraja_takatifu" title="Daraja takatifu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Daraja takatifu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacri_Ordines" title="Sacri Ordines – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sacri Ordines" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orden_sacher" title="Orden sacher – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Orden sacher" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakramentan%27_ny_filaharana" title="Sakramentan' ny filaharana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sakramentan' ny filaharana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ക്രൈസ്തവപൗരോഹിത്യം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്രൈസ്തവപൗരോഹിത്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wijding" title="Wijding – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wijding" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%93%81%E6%A9%9F%E5%AF%86" title="神品機密 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="神品機密" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinasjon" title="Ordinasjon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ordinasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinasjon" title="Ordinasjon – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ordinasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakrament_%C5%9Bwi%C4%99ce%C5%84" title="Sakrament święceń – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sakrament święceń" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordem_(sacramento)" title="Ordem (sacramento) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ordem (sacramento)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirotonire" title="Hirotonire – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hirotonire" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Священство – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Священство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sviatos%C5%A5_k%C5%88azstva" title="Sviatosť kňazstva – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sacraments in some Christian churches</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vicente_Carducho,_%22Ordenaci%C3%B3n_y_primera_misa_de_san_Juan_de_Mata%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Vicente_Carducho%2C_%22Ordenaci%C3%B3n_y_primera_misa_de_san_Juan_de_Mata%22.jpg/220px-Vicente_Carducho%2C_%22Ordenaci%C3%B3n_y_primera_misa_de_san_Juan_de_Mata%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Vicente_Carducho%2C_%22Ordenaci%C3%B3n_y_primera_misa_de_san_Juan_de_Mata%22.jpg/330px-Vicente_Carducho%2C_%22Ordenaci%C3%B3n_y_primera_misa_de_san_Juan_de_Mata%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Vicente_Carducho%2C_%22Ordenaci%C3%B3n_y_primera_misa_de_san_Juan_de_Mata%22.jpg/440px-Vicente_Carducho%2C_%22Ordenaci%C3%B3n_y_primera_misa_de_san_Juan_de_Mata%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2222" data-file-height="2717" /></a><figcaption>Ordination of <a href="/wiki/John_of_Matha" title="John of Matha">John of Matha</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In certain <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Christian denominations</a>, <b>holy orders</b> are the <a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">ordained</a> ministries of <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priest</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presbyter" title="Presbyter">presbyter</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacon</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">sacrament</a> or rite by which candidates are ordained to those orders. Churches recognizing these orders include the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a> (ιερωσύνη [<i>hierōsynē</i>], ιεράτευμα [<i>hierateuma</i>], Священство [<i>Svyashchenstvo</i>]), <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Assyrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Catholic">Old Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholic_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Catholic churches">Independent Catholic</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> churches.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Except for Lutherans and some Anglicans, these churches regard ordination as a sacrament (the <i>sacramentum ordinis</i>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denominations</a> have varied conceptions of holy orders. In Anglican and some Lutheran churches the traditional orders of bishop, priest and deacon are bestowed using ordination rites contained within <a href="/wiki/Ordinal_(liturgy)" title="Ordinal (liturgy)">ordinals</a>. The extent to which ordination is considered sacramental in these traditions has, however, been a matter of some internal dispute. Baptists are among the denominations that do not consider <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of religion">ministry</a> as being sacramental in nature<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and would not think of it in terms of "holy orders" as such. Historically, the word "order" (Latin <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ordo" class="extiw" title="wikt:ordo">ordo</a></i>) designated an established civil body or corporation with a hierarchy, and <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ordinatio" class="extiw" title="wikt:ordinatio">ordinatio</a></i> meant legal incorporation into an <i>ordo</i>. The word "holy" refers to the church. In context, therefore, a holy order is set apart for ministry in the church. Other positions, such as <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">patriarch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">cardinal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monsignor" title="Monsignor">monsignor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">archbishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archimandrite" title="Archimandrite">archimandrite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archpriest" title="Archpriest">archpriest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protopresbyter" class="mw-redirect" title="Protopresbyter">protopresbyter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hieromonk" title="Hieromonk">hieromonk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protodeacon" title="Protodeacon">protodeacon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archdeacon" title="Archdeacon">archdeacon</a>, are not sacramental orders but specialized ministries. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_orders&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Anglicanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> churches hold their bishops to be in <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">apostolic succession</a>, although there is some difference of opinion with regard to whether ordination is to be regarded as a sacrament. The Anglican <a href="/wiki/Thirty-Nine_Articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirty-Nine Articles">Articles of Religion</a> hold that only Baptism and the Lord's Supper are to be counted as sacraments of the gospel, and assert that other rites 'commonly called Sacraments' by other denominations (e.g. Catholicism), were not ordained by Christ in the Gospel.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They do not have the nature of a sacrament of the Gospel in the absence of any physical matter such as the water in Baptism and the bread and wine in the Eucharist. Various editions of the <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a></i> and other Anglican liturgical texts provide rites for ordination of bishops, priests and deacons. Only bishops may ordain people. Within Anglicanism, three bishops are normally required for ordination to the episcopate, while one bishop is sufficient for performing ordinations to the priesthood and diaconate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catholicism">Catholicism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_orders&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Catholicism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy orders (Catholic Church)">Holy orders (Catholic Church)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Priesthood_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Priesthood (Catholic Church)">Priesthood (Catholic Church)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Catholic Church)">Bishop (Catholic Church)</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holy_Orders_Picture.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Holy_Orders_Picture.jpg/190px-Holy_Orders_Picture.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Holy_Orders_Picture.jpg/285px-Holy_Orders_Picture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Holy_Orders_Picture.jpg/380px-Holy_Orders_Picture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="845" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">Ordination</a> to the Catholic priesthood in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a>. Devotional card, 1925.</figcaption></figure> <p>The ministerial orders of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> include the orders of <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Catholic Church)">bishops</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deacons" class="mw-redirect" title="Deacons">deacons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Presbyterium" title="Presbyterium">presbyters</a>, which in <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> is <i>sacerdos</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ordained priesthood and common priesthood (or priesthood of all the baptized) are different in function and essence.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A distinction is made between "<a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priest</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Presbyter" title="Presbyter">presbyter</a>". In the <a href="/wiki/Canon_law_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon law (Catholic Church)">1983 Code of Canon Law</a>, "The Latin words <i>sacerdos</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sacerdotium" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacerdotium">sacerdotium</a></i> are used to refer in general to the ministerial priesthood shared by bishops and presbyters. The words <i>presbyter, presbyterium and presbyteratus</i> refer to priests [in the English use of the word] and presbyters".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the <a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">consecrated life</a> is neither clerical nor lay by definition,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> clerics can be members of institutes of consecrated or <a href="/wiki/Secular_clergy" title="Secular clergy">secular</a> (<a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">diocesan</a>) life.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eastern_Christianity">Eastern Christianity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_orders&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Eastern Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cheirotonia_Presbyter_1.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Cheirotonia_Presbyter_1.jpeg/300px-Cheirotonia_Presbyter_1.jpeg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Cheirotonia_Presbyter_1.jpeg/450px-Cheirotonia_Presbyter_1.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Cheirotonia_Presbyter_1.jpeg/600px-Cheirotonia_Presbyter_1.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2182" data-file-height="1633" /></a><figcaption>Metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Hilarion_(Kapral)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilarion (Kapral)">Hilarion (Kapral)</a> performs the laying on of hands (<i><a href="/wiki/Christian_laying_on_of_hands" title="Christian laying on of hands">Cheirotonia</a></i>), conferring the holy order of <a href="/wiki/Presbyter" title="Presbyter">presbyter (priest)</a> upon an Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacon</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cheirotonia_Presbyter_Pledge_of_Holy_Mysteries.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cheirotonia_Presbyter_Pledge_of_Holy_Mysteries.jpeg/300px-Cheirotonia_Presbyter_Pledge_of_Holy_Mysteries.jpeg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cheirotonia_Presbyter_Pledge_of_Holy_Mysteries.jpeg/450px-Cheirotonia_Presbyter_Pledge_of_Holy_Mysteries.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cheirotonia_Presbyter_Pledge_of_Holy_Mysteries.jpeg/600px-Cheirotonia_Presbyter_Pledge_of_Holy_Mysteries.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1652" data-file-height="1239" /></a><figcaption>After the transmutation of the Holy Gifts, the bishop presents to the newly ordained priest a portion of the Lamb (i.e., the Body of Christ).</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kheirotonia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Kheirotonia.jpg/300px-Kheirotonia.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Kheirotonia.jpg/450px-Kheirotonia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Kheirotonia.jpg/600px-Kheirotonia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2872" data-file-height="2024" /></a><figcaption>The laying on of hands (<i><a href="/wiki/Christian_laying_on_of_hands" title="Christian laying on of hands">Cheirotonia</a></i>), conferring the holy order of <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacon</a> upon an Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Subdeacon" title="Subdeacon">subdeacon</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> considers ordination (known as <i><a href="/wiki/Christian_laying_on_of_hands" title="Christian laying on of hands">cheirotonia</a></i>, "<a href="/wiki/Laying_on_of_hands" title="Laying on of hands">laying on of hands</a>") to be a <a href="/wiki/Sacred_mystery" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred mystery">sacred mystery</a> (μυστήριο, what in the West is called a sacrament). Although all other mysteries may be performed by a presbyter, ordination may only be conferred by a bishop, and the ordination of a bishop may only be performed by several bishops together. <i>Cheirotonia</i> always takes place during the <a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a>. </p><p>It was the mission of the <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a> to go forth into all the world and preach the <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a>, baptizing those who believed in the name of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Trinity">Holy Trinity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Early_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Church">Early Church</a> those who presided over congregations were referred to variously as <i><a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">episcopos</a></i> (bishop) or <i><a href="/wiki/Presbyter" title="Presbyter">presbyteros</a></i> (priest). These successors of the <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a> were ordained to their office by the <a href="/wiki/Laying_on_of_hands" title="Laying on of hands">laying on of hands</a>, and according to <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="Eastern Orthodox theology">Eastern Orthodox theology</a> formed a living, organic link with the Apostles, and through them with <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a> himself.<sup id="cite_ref-SL_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SL-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Eastern Orthodox Church also has ordination to <a href="/wiki/Minor_orders" title="Minor orders">minor orders</a> (known as <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheirothesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cheirothesia (page does not exist)">cheirothesia</a></i>, "imposition of hands") which is performed outside of the Divine Liturgy, typically by a bishop, although certain <a href="/wiki/Archimandrite" title="Archimandrite">archimandrites</a> of <a href="/wiki/Stavropegial" class="mw-redirect" title="Stavropegial">stavropegial</a> monasteries may bestow cheirothesia on members of their communities. </p><p>A bishop is the collector of the money of the diocese and the living Vessel of Grace through whom the <i><a href="/wiki/Energeia" class="mw-redirect" title="Energeia">energeia</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Divine_grace" title="Divine grace">divine grace</a>) of the Holy Spirit flows into the rest of the church.<sup id="cite_ref-SL_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SL-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A bishop is <a href="/wiki/Consecrated" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecrated">consecrated</a> through the laying on of hands by several bishops. (With the consent of several other bishops, a single bishop has performed the ordination of another bishop in emergency situations, such as times of <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Christianity">persecution</a>.) The consecration of a bishop takes place near the beginning of the Liturgy, since a bishop can, in addition to performing the Mystery of the Eucharist, also ordain priests and deacons. Before the commencement of the Holy Liturgy, the bishop-elect professes, in the middle of the church before the seated bishops who will consecrate him, in detail the doctrines of the Orthodox Christian Faith and pledges to observe the canons of the Apostles and Councils, the <a href="/wiki/Typikon" title="Typikon">Typikon</a> and customs of the Orthodox Church and to obey ecclesiastical authority. After the <a href="/wiki/Little_Entrance" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Entrance">Little Entrance</a>, the arch-priest and arch-deacon conduct the bishop-elect before the Royal Gates where he is met by the bishops and kneels before the altar on both knees. The <a href="/wiki/Gospel_Book" title="Gospel Book">Gospel Book</a> is laid over his head and the <a href="/wiki/Consecrator" title="Consecrator">consecrating bishops</a> lay their hands upon the Gospel Book, while the prayers of ordination are read by the eldest bishop. After this, the newly consecrated bishop ascends the <i><a href="/wiki/Kathedra" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathedra">synthranon</a></i> (bishop's throne in the sanctuary) for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-DS_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DS-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Customarily, the newly consecrated bishop ordains a priest and a deacon at the Liturgy during which he is consecrated. </p><p>A priest may serve only at the pleasure of his bishop. A bishop bestows <a href="/wiki/Faculty_(instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Faculty (instrument)">faculties</a> (permission to minister within his <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">diocese</a>) giving a priest <a href="/wiki/Chrism#Eastern_Christianity" title="Chrism">chrism</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Antimins" title="Antimins">antimins</a>; he may withdraw faculties and demand the return of these items. The <a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">ordination</a> of a priest occurs before the <a href="/wiki/Anaphora_(liturgy)" title="Anaphora (liturgy)">Anaphora (Eucharistic Prayer)</a> in order that he may on the same day take part in the celebration of the Eucharist:<sup id="cite_ref-DS_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DS-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Entrance" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Entrance">Great Entrance</a>, the candidate for ordination carries the <a href="/wiki/A%C3%ABr" title="Aër">Aër</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chalice_(cup)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalice (cup)">chalice</a> <a href="/wiki/Veil" title="Veil">veil</a>) over his head (rather than on his shoulder, as a deacon otherwise carries it then) as a symbol of giving up his diaconate, and comes last in the <a href="/wiki/Procession" title="Procession">procession</a> and stands at the end of the pair of lines of the priests. After the Aër is taken from the candidate to cover the chalice and <a href="/wiki/Diskos" class="mw-redirect" title="Diskos">diskos</a>, a chair is brought for the bishop to sit on by the northeast corner of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Table" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Table">Holy Table</a> (altar). Two deacons go to priest-elect who, at that point, had been standing alone in the middle of the church, and bow him down to the west (to the people) and to the east (to the clergy), asking their consent by saying "Command ye!" and then lead him through the holy doors of the altar where the archdeacon asks the bishop's consent, saying, "Command, most sacred master!" after which a priest escorts the candidate three times around the Holy Table, during which he kisses each corner of the Holy Table as well as the bishop's <a href="/wiki/Epigonation" title="Epigonation">epigonation</a> and right hand and prostrates himself before the holy table at each circuit. The candidate is then taken to the southeast corner of the Holy Table and kneels on both knees, resting his forehead on the edge of the Holy Table. The ordaining bishop then places his <a href="/wiki/Omophor" class="mw-redirect" title="Omophor">omophor</a> and right hand over the ordinand's head and recites aloud the first <i>Prayer of Cheirotonia</i> and then prays silently the other two prayers of cheirotonia while a deacon quietly recites a <a href="/wiki/Litany" title="Litany">litany</a> and the clergy, then the congregation, chant "Lord, have mercy". Afterwards, the bishop brings the newly ordained priest to stand in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Doors" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Doors">Holy Doors</a> and presents him to the faithful. He then clothes the priest in each of his sacerdotal <a href="/wiki/Vestments" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestments">vestments</a>, at each of which the people sing, <i><a href="/wiki/Axios_(acclamation)" title="Axios (acclamation)">Worthy</a>!</i>. Later, after the <a href="/wiki/Epiklesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Epiklesis">Epiklesis</a> of the Liturgy, the bishop hands him a portion of the <a href="/wiki/Lamb_(liturgy)" title="Lamb (liturgy)">Lamb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Host_(liturgy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Host (liturgy)">Host</a>) saying:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Receive thou this pledge, and preserve it whole and unharmed until thy last breath, because thou shalt be held to an accounting therefore in the second and terrible Coming of our great Lord, God, and Saviour, Jesus Christ.</p></blockquote> <p>A deacon may not perform any sacrament and performs no liturgical services on his own but serves only as an assistant to a priest and may not even vest without the blessing of a priest. The ordination of a deacon occurs after the Anaphora (Eucharistic Prayer) since his role is not in performing the Holy Mystery but consists only in serving;<sup id="cite_ref-DS_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DS-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the ceremony is much the same as at the ordination of a priest, but the deacon-elect is presented to the people and escorted to the holy doors by two sub-deacons (his peers, analogous to the two deacons who so present a priest-elect), is escorted three times around the Holy Table by a deacon, and he kneels on only one knee during the <i>Prayer of Cheirotonia</i>. After being vested as a deacon and given a <a href="/wiki/Hexapteryga#Eastern_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexapteryga">liturgical fan <i>(ripidion or hexapterygion)</i></a>, he is led to the side of the Holy Table where he uses the ripidion to gently fan the Holy Gifts (consecrated <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Body and Blood of Christ</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_orders&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Lutheranism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutherans</a> reject the Catholic understanding of holy orders because they do not think <a href="/wiki/Sacerdotalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacerdotalism">sacerdotalism</a> is supported by the Bible. <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> taught that each individual was expected to fulfill his God-appointed task in everyday life. The modern usage of the term <a href="/wiki/Vocation" title="Vocation">vocation</a> as a life-task was first employed by Martin Luther.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Luther%27s_Small_Catechism" title="Luther's Small Catechism">Luther's Small Catechism</a>, the holy orders include but are not limited to the following: bishops, pastors, preachers, governmental offices, citizens, husbands, wives, children, employees, employers, young people, and <a href="/wiki/Widow" title="Widow">widows</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, also according to the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Concord" title="Book of Concord">Book of Concord</a>: "But if ordination be understood as applying to the ministry of the Word, we are not unwilling to call ordination a sacrament. For the ministry of the Word has God's command and glorious promises, Rom. 1:16: The Gospel is the power of God unto salvation to every one that believeth. Likewise, Isa. 55:11: So shall My Word be that goeth forth out of My mouth; it shall not return unto Me void, but it shall accomplish that which I please. ...If ordination be understood in this way, neither will we refuse to call the imposition of hands a sacrament. For the Church has the command to appoint ministers, which should be most pleasing to us, because we know that God approves this ministry, and is present in the ministry [that God will preach and work through men and those who have been chosen by men]."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Process_and_sequence">Process and sequence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_orders&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Process and sequence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Priestly_ordination.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Priestly_ordination.jpg/200px-Priestly_ordination.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Priestly_ordination.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption>At priestly ordination the <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a> imposes hands upon the <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacon</a> who is by that matter and the form of the consecratory <a href="/wiki/Preface_(liturgy)" title="Preface (liturgy)">preface</a> ordained to the <a href="/wiki/Priesthood" class="mw-redirect" title="Priesthood">priesthood</a>. Pictured is the third imposition of hands as in the pre-1968 <a href="/wiki/Roman_Pontifical" title="Roman Pontifical">Roman Pontifical</a>, in 1999, <a href="/wiki/Fontgombault_Abbey" title="Fontgombault Abbey">Fontgombault Abbey</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The sequence in which holy orders are received are: <a href="/wiki/Minor_orders" title="Minor orders">minor orders</a>, deacon, priest, bishop. </p><p>For Catholics, it is typical in the years of <a href="/wiki/Seminary" title="Seminary">seminary</a> training that a man will be ordained to the diaconate, which Catholics since the Second Vatican Council sometimes call the "transitional diaconate" to distinguish men bound for priesthood from <a href="/wiki/Permanent_deacon" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent deacon">permanent deacons</a>. They are licensed to preach sermons (under certain circumstances a permanent deacon may not receive faculties to preach), to perform <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptisms</a>, and to witness <a href="/wiki/Catholic_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic marriage">Catholic marriages</a>, but to perform no other sacraments. They assist at the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a>, but are not able to consecrate the bread and wine. Normally, after six months or more as a transitional deacon, a man will be ordained to the priesthood. Priests are able to <a href="/wiki/Preaching" class="mw-redirect" title="Preaching">preach</a>, perform <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptisms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">confirm</a> (with special dispensation from their ordinary), witness marriages, hear <a href="/wiki/Confession_(religion)" title="Confession (religion)">confessions</a> and give <a href="/wiki/Absolution" title="Absolution">absolutions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unction" class="mw-redirect" title="Unction">anoint the sick</a>, and celebrate the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a> or the Mass. </p><p>Orthodox seminarians are typically <a href="/wiki/Tonsure" title="Tonsure">tonsured</a> as <a href="/wiki/Reader_(liturgy)" title="Reader (liturgy)">readers</a> before entering the seminary, and may later be made subdeacons or deacons; customs vary between seminaries and between Orthodox jurisdictions. Some deacons remain permanently in the diaconate while most subsequently are ordained as priests. Orthodox clergy are typically either married or <a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">monastic</a>. Monastic deacons are called <a href="/wiki/Hierodeacon" title="Hierodeacon">hierodeacons</a>, monastic priests are called <a href="/wiki/Hieromonk" title="Hieromonk">hieromonks</a>. Orthodox clergy who marry must do so prior to ordination to the subdiaconate (or diaconate, according to local custom) and typically one is either tonsured a monk or married before ordination. A deacon or priest may not marry, or remarry if widowed, without abandoning his clerical office. Often, widowed priests take <a href="/wiki/Monastic_vows" class="mw-redirect" title="Monastic vows">monastic vows</a>. Orthodox bishops are always monks; a single or widowed man may be elected a bishop but he must be tonsured a monk before consecration as a bishop. </p><p>For Anglicans, a person is usually ordained a <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacon</a> once he (or she) has completed training at a theological college. The historic practice of a bishop tutoring a candidate himself ("reading for orders") is still to be found. The candidate then typically serves as an assistant <a href="/wiki/Curate" title="Curate">curate</a> and may later be ordained as a <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priest</a> at the discretion of the bishop. Other deacons may choose to remain in this order. Anglican deacons can preach sermons, perform <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptisms</a> and conduct funerals, but, unlike priests, cannot celebrate the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a>. In most branches of the Anglican church, women can be ordained as priests, and in some of them, can also be ordained <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishops</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ordination_sacerdotale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ordination_sacerdotale.jpg/220px-Ordination_sacerdotale.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="381" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ordination_sacerdotale.jpg/330px-Ordination_sacerdotale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ordination_sacerdotale.jpg/440px-Ordination_sacerdotale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="1005" /></a><figcaption>Anointment of the hands of a newly ordained priest.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">Bishops</a> are chosen from among priests in churches that adhere to Catholic usage. In the Catholic Church, bishops, like priests, are celibate and thus unmarried; further, a bishop is said to possess the fullness of the sacrament of holy orders, empowering him to ordain deacons, priests, and – with papal consent – other bishops. If a bishop, especially one acting as an ordinary – a head of a diocese or archdiocese – is to be ordained, three bishops must usually co-consecrate him with one bishop, usually an archbishop or the bishop of the place, being the chief consecrating prelate. </p><p>Among Eastern Rite Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches, which permit married priests, bishops must either be unmarried or agree to abstain from contact with their wives. It is a common misconception that all such bishops come from <a href="/wiki/Religious_orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious orders">religious orders</a>; while this is generally true, it is not an absolute rule. In the case of both Catholics – (Western and) Eastern Catholic, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Orthodox, they are usually leaders of territorial units called <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">dioceses</a> (or its equivalent in the east, an <a href="/wiki/Eparchy" title="Eparchy">eparchy</a>). Only bishops can validly administer the sacrament of holy orders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recognition_of_other_churches'_orders"><span id="Recognition_of_other_churches.27_orders"></span>Recognition of other churches' orders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_orders&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Recognition of other churches' orders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Catholic Church unconditionally recognizes the validity of ordinations in the Eastern churches. Some Eastern Orthodox churches reordain Catholic priests who convert while others accept their Catholic ordination using the concept of <a href="/wiki/Economy_(Eastern_Orthodoxy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy (Eastern Orthodoxy)">economia (church economy)</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> churches claim to have maintained apostolic succession.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The succession of Anglican bishops is not universally recognized, however. The Catholic Church judged Anglican orders invalid when <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a> in 1896 wrote in <i><a href="/wiki/Apostolicae_curae" title="Apostolicae curae">Apostolicae curae</a></i> that Anglican orders lack validity because the rite by which priests were ordained was not correctly worded from 1547 to 1553 and from 1559 to the time of Archbishop <a href="/wiki/William_Laud" title="William Laud">William Laud</a> (Archbishop of Canterbury 1633–1645). The papacy claimed the form and matter was inadequate to make a Catholic bishop. The actual "mechanical" succession, prayer and laying on hands, was not disputed. Two of the four consecrators of <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Parker" title="Matthew Parker">Matthew Parker</a> in 1559 had been consecrated using the <a href="/wiki/Edwardine_Ordinals" title="Edwardine Ordinals">Edwardine Ordinals</a> and two using the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Pontifical" title="Roman Pontifical">Roman Pontifical</a>. Nonetheless, they believed that this caused a break of continuity in apostolic succession, making all further ordinations null and void. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> bishops have, on occasion, granted "economy" when Anglican priests convert to Orthodoxy. Various Orthodox churches have also declared Anglican orders valid subject to a finding that the bishops in question did indeed maintain the true faith, the Orthodox concept of apostolic succession being one in which the faith must be properly adhered to and transmitted, not simply that the ceremony by which a man is made a bishop is conducted correctly. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Changes in the Anglican ordinals since King <a href="/wiki/Edward_VI_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VI of England">Edward VI</a>, and a fuller appreciation of the pre-<a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Reformation</a> ordinals, suggest that the correctness of the enduring dismissal of Anglican orders is questionable.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> To reduce doubt concerning Anglican apostolic succession, especially since the 1930 <a href="/wiki/Bonn_Agreement_(religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonn Agreement (religion)">Bonn agreement</a> between the Anglican and Old Catholic churches, some Anglican bishops have included among their consecrators bishops of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic Church</a>, whose holy orders are recognised as valid and regular by the Catholic Church. </p><p>Neither Catholics nor Anglicans recognize the validity of ordinations of ministers in Protestant churches that do not maintain apostolic succession; but some Anglicans, especially Low Church or Evangelical ones, commonly treat Protestant ministers and their sacraments as valid. Rome also does not recognize the apostolic succession of those Lutheran bodies which retained apostolic succession.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Officially, the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a> accepts the ordinations of those denominations which are in full communion with their own churches, such as the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> state churches of Scandinavia. Those clergy may preside at services requiring a priest if one is not otherwise available. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage_and_holy_orders">Marriage and holy orders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_orders&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Marriage and holy orders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy" title="Clerical celibacy">Clerical celibacy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clerical celibacy (Catholic Church)">Clerical celibacy (Catholic Church)</a></div> <p>Married men may be ordained to the diaconate as permanent deacons, but in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> generally may not be ordained to the priesthood. In the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>, married deacons may be ordained priests but may not become bishops. Bishops in the Eastern Rites and the Eastern Orthodox churches are almost always drawn from among <a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">monks</a>, who have taken a vow of celibacy. They may be widowers, though; it is not required of them never to have been married. </p><p>In some cases, widowed permanent deacons have been ordained to the priesthood. There have been some situations in which men previously married and ordained to the priesthood in an <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a> church or in a <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> church have been ordained to the Catholic priesthood and allowed to function much as an Eastern Rite priest but in a Latin Church setting. This is never <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sub_conditione&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sub conditione (page does not exist)">sub conditione</a></i> (conditionally), as there is in Catholic canon law no true priesthood in Protestant denominations. Such ordination may only happen with the approval of the priest's Bishop and a special permission by the Pope. </p><p>Anglican clergy may be married or may marry after ordination. In the <a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholic_Churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Catholic Churches">Independent Catholic Churches</a> there are no ordination restrictions related to marriage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_concepts_of_ordination">Other concepts of ordination</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_orders&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other concepts of ordination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ordination ritual and procedures vary by denomination. Different churches and denominations specify more or less rigorous requirements for entering into office, and the process of ordination is likewise given more or less ceremonial pomp depending on the group. Many Protestants still communicate authority and ordain to office by having the existing overseers physically lay hands on the candidates for office. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Methodist_churches">Methodist churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_orders&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Methodist churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The American <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> model is an episcopal system loosely based on the Anglican model, as the Methodist Church arose from the Anglican Church. It was first devised under the leadership of Bishops <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Coke_(Methodist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Coke (Methodist)">Thomas Coke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francis_Asbury" title="Francis Asbury">Francis Asbury</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="Methodist Episcopal Church">Methodist Episcopal Church</a> in the late 18th century. In this approach, an <a href="/wiki/Elder_(religious)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elder (religious)">elder</a> (or 'presbyter') is ordained to word (preaching and teaching), sacrament (administering Baptism and the Lord's Supper), order (administering the life of the church and, in the case of bishops, ordaining others for mission and ministry), and service. A <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacon</a> is a person ordained only to word and service. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a>, for instance, seminary graduates are examined and approved by the Conference Board of Ordained Ministry and then the Clergy Session. They are accepted as "probationary (provisional) members of the conference." The resident bishop may commission them to full-time ministry as "provisional" ministers. (Before 1996, the graduate was ordained as a transitional deacon at this point, a provisional role since eliminated. The order of deacon is now a separate and distinct clergy order in the United Methodist Church.) After serving the probationary period, of a minimum of two years, the probationer is then examined again and either continued on probation, discontinued altogether, or approved for ordination. Upon final approval by the Clergy Session of the Conference, the probationer becomes a full member of the Conference and is then ordained as an elder or deacon by the resident bishop. Those ordained as elders are members of the Order of Elders, and those ordained deacons are members of the Order of Deacons. </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a> appointed Thomas Coke (above mentioned as bishop) as 'Superintendent', his translation of the Greek <i>episcopos</i> ("overseer") – which is normally translated 'bishop' in English. The British Methodist Conference has two distinct orders of presbyter and deacon. It does not have bishops as a separate order of ministry. The <a href="/wiki/British_Methodist_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="British Methodist Church">British Methodist Church</a> has more than 500 superintendents,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> who are not a separate order of ministry but a role within the order of presbyters. The roles normally undertaken by bishops are expressed in ordaining presbyters and deacons by the annual Conference through its <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Methodist_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Methodist Conference">president</a> (or a past president); in confirmation by all presbyters; in local oversight by <a href="/wiki/District_Superintendent_(Methodism)" class="mw-redirect" title="District Superintendent (Methodism)">superintendents</a>; in regional oversight by chairs of Districts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presbyterian_churches">Presbyterian churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_orders&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Presbyterian churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a> churches, following their <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scottish</a> forebears, reject the traditions surrounding overseers and instead identify the offices of bishop (<i>episkopos</i> in Greek) and elder (<i>presbuteros</i> in Greek, from which the term "presbyterian" comes). The two terms seem to be used interchangeably in the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> (compare <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Titus+1.5-9">Titus 1.5–9</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1Tim+3.2-7">I Tim. 3.2–7</a>). Their form of <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">church governance</a> is known as <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_polity" title="Presbyterian polity">presbyterian polity</a>. While there is increasing authority with each level of gathering of elders ('Session' over a congregation or parish, then presbytery, then possibly a synod, then the General Assembly), there is no hierarchy of elders. Each elder has an equal vote at the court on which they stand. </p><p>Elders are usually chosen at their local level, either elected by the congregation and approved by the Session, or appointed directly by the Session. Some churches place limits on the term that the elders serve, while others ordain elders for life. </p><p>Presbyterians also ordain (by laying on of hands) ministers of Word and Sacrament (sometimes known as 'teaching elders'). These ministers are regarded simply as Presbyters ordained to a different function, but in practice they provide the leadership for the local Session. </p><p>Some Presbyterians identify those appointed (by the laying on of hands) to serve in practical ways (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=acts+6.1-7">Acts 6.1–7</a>) as deacons (<i>diakonos</i> in Greek, meaning 'servant'). In many congregations, a group of men or women is thus set aside to deal with matters such as congregational fabric and finance, releasing elders for more 'spiritual' work. These persons may be known as 'deacons', 'board members' or 'managers', depending on the local tradition. Unlike elders and ministers, they are not usually 'ordained', and are often elected by the congregation for a set period of time. </p><p>Other Presbyterians have used an 'order of deacons' as full-time servants of the wider Church. Unlike ministers, they do not administer sacraments or routinely preach. The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a> has recently begun ordaining deacons to this role. </p><p>Unlike the Episcopalian system, but similar to the United Methodist system described above, the two Presbyterian offices are different in <i>kind</i> rather than in <i>degree</i>, since one need not be a deacon before becoming an elder. Since there is no hierarchy, the two offices do not make up an 'order' in the technical sense, but the terminology of holy orders is sometimes still developed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Congregationalist_churches">Congregationalist churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_orders&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Congregationalist churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Congregationalist_church_governance" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregationalist church governance">Congregationalist</a> churches implement different schemes, but the officers usually have less authority than in the presbyterian or episcopalian forms. Some ordain only ministers and rotate members on an advisory board (sometimes called a board of elders or a board of deacons). Because the positions are by comparison less powerful, there is usually less rigor or fanfare in how officers are ordained. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Irvingian_churches">Irvingian churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_orders&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Irvingian churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Irvingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Irvingian">Irvingian</a> churches teach a fourfold ministry of "apostles, prophets, evangelists, and pastors."<sup id="cite_ref-Cannon2009_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cannon2009-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latter_Day_Saint_Movement">Latter Day Saint Movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_orders&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Latter Day Saint Movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_orders&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Priesthood_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Priesthood (Latter Day Saints)">Priesthood (Latter Day Saints)</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> (LDS Church) accepts the legal authority of clergy to perform marriages but does not recognize any other sacraments performed by ministers not ordained to the Latter-day Saint priesthood. Although the Latter-day Saints do claim a doctrine of a certain spiritual "apostolic succession," it is significantly different from that claimed by Catholics and Protestants since there is no succession or continuity between the first century and the lifetime of Joseph Smith, the founder of the LDS church. Mormons teach that the priesthood was lost in ancient times not to be restored by Christ until the nineteenth century when it was given to Joseph Smith directly. </p><p>The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has a relatively open priesthood, ordaining nearly all worthy adult males and boys of the age of twelve and older. Latter-day Saint priesthood consists of two divisions: the Melchizedek Priesthood and Aaronic Priesthood. The Melchizedek Priesthood because Melchizedek was such a great high priest. Before his day it was called the Holy Priesthood, after the Order of the Son of God. But out of respect or reverence to the name of the Supreme Being, to avoid the too frequent repetition of his name, the church, in ancient days, called that priesthood after Melchizedek. The lesser priesthood is an appendage to the Melchizedek Priesthood. It is called the Aaronic Priesthood because it was conferred on Aaron and his sons throughout all their generations.<sup id="cite_ref-GospePrinciples_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GospePrinciples-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The offices, or ranks, of the Melchizedek order (in roughly descending order) include apostle, seventy, patriarch, high priest, and elder. The offices of the Aaronic order are bishop, priest, teacher, and deacon. The manner of ordination consists of the laying on of hands by two or more men holding at least the office being conferred while one acts as voice in conferring the priesthood or office and usually pronounces a blessing upon the recipient. Teachers and deacons do not have the authority to ordain others to the priesthood. All church members are authorized to teach and preach regardless of priesthood ordination so long as they maintain good standing within the church. The church does not use the term "holy orders." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Community_of_Christ">Community of Christ</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_orders&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Community of Christ"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Priesthood_(Community_of_Christ)" title="Priesthood (Community of Christ)">Priesthood (Community of Christ)</a></div> <p>Community of Christ has a largely volunteer priesthood, and all members of the priesthood are free to marry (as traditionally defined by the Christian community). The priesthood is divided into two orders, the Aaronic priesthood and the Melchisedec priesthood. The Aaronic order consists of the offices of deacon, teacher and priest. The Melchisedec Order consists of the offices of elder (including the specialized office of seventy) and high priest (including the specialized offices of evangelist, bishop, apostle, and prophet). Paid ministers include "appointees" and the general officers of the church, which include some specialized priesthood offices (such as the office of president, reserved for the three top members of the church leadership team). As of 1984, women have been eligible for priesthood, which is conferred through the sacrament of ordination by the laying-on-of-hands. While there is technically no age requirement for any office of priesthood, there is no automatic ordination or progression as in the LDS Church. Young people are occasionally ordained as deacon, and sometimes teacher or priest, but generally most priesthood members are called following completion of post secondary school education. In March 2007 a woman was ordained for the first time to the office of president. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ordination_of_women">Ordination of women</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_orders&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ordination of women"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ordination_of_women" title="Ordination of women">Ordination of women</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, in accordance with its interpretation of the theological tradition on the issue, and the definitive clarification found in the encyclical letter <i><a href="/wiki/Ordinatio_sacerdotalis" title="Ordinatio sacerdotalis">Ordinatio sacerdotalis</a></i> (1994) written by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a>, officially teaches that it has no authority to <a href="/wiki/Ordain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordain">ordain</a> women as priests and thus there is no possibility of women becoming priests at any time in the future. "Ordaining" women as deaconesses is not a possibility in any sacramental sense of the diaconate, for a deaconess is not simply a female who is a deacon but instead holds a position of lay service. As such, she does not receive the sacrament of holy orders. Many Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant churches ordain women,<sup id="cite_ref-Svenskakyrkan2021_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Svenskakyrkan2021-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but in many cases, only to the office of deacon. </p><p>Various branches of the Eastern Orthodox churches, including the Greek Orthodox, currently set aside vows of deaconesses. Some churches are internally divided on whether the Scriptures permit the ordination of women. When one considers the relative size of the traditions (1.1 billion Catholics, 300 million Orthodox, 590 million Protestants), it is a minority of Christian churches that ordain women. Protestants constitute about 27 percent of Christians worldwide, and most of their churches that do ordain women have only done so within the past century; moreover, denominations within the same tradition may differ with respect to women's ordination. For example, in <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Primitive_Methodist_Church" title="Primitive Methodist Church">Primitive Methodist Church</a> does not ordain women, while the <a href="/wiki/Free_Methodist_Church" title="Free Methodist Church">Free Methodist Church</a> does ordain women.<sup id="cite_ref-PMC2013_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMC2013-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FMC_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FMC-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some traditions women may be ordained to the same orders as men. In others women are restricted from certain offices. Women may be ordained bishop in the Old Catholic churches and in the Anglican/Episcopal churches in Scotland, Ireland, Wales, Cuba, Brazil, South Africa, Canada, US, Australia, Aotearoa New Zealand and Polynesia. The Church of Ireland had installed <a href="/wiki/Pat_Storey" title="Pat Storey">Pat Storey</a> in 2013. On 19 September 2013, Storey was chosen by the House of Bishops to succeed <a href="/wiki/Richard_Clarke_(bishop)" title="Richard Clarke (bishop)">Richard Clarke</a> as <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Meath_and_Kildare" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Meath and Kildare">Bishop of Meath and Kildare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Meath_and_Kildare_news_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meath_and_Kildare_news-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was consecrated to the episcopate at <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_Cathedral,_Dublin" title="Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin">Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin</a>, on 30 November 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_–_Irish_Anglicans_install_Rev_Pat_Storey_as_bishop_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_–_Irish_Anglicans_install_Rev_Pat_Storey_as_bishop-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is the first woman to be elected as a bishop in the Church of Ireland and the first woman to be an <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a> bishop in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Meath_and_Kildare_news_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meath_and_Kildare_news-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_–_Irish_Anglicans_install_Rev_Pat_Storey_as_bishop_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_–_Irish_Anglicans_install_Rev_Pat_Storey_as_bishop-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Church of England's General Synod voted in 2014 to allow women to be ordained to the episcopate, with <a href="/wiki/Libby_Lane" title="Libby Lane">Libby Lane</a> being the first woman to be ordained bishop. <a href="/wiki/Continuing_Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Continuing Anglican">Continuing Anglican</a> churches of the world do not permit women to be ordained. In some Protestant denominations, <a href="/wiki/Continuing_Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Continuing Anglican">women</a> may serve as assistant pastors but not as pastors in charge of congregations. In some denominations, women can be ordained to be an <a href="/wiki/Elder_(religious)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elder (religious)">elder</a> or <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacon</a>. Some denominations allow for the ordination of women for certain religious orders. Within certain traditions, such as the Anglican and Lutheran, there is a diversity of theology and practice regarding ordination of women. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ordination_of_LGBT_clergy">Ordination of LGBT clergy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_orders&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Ordination of LGBT clergy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Ordination_of_LGBT_Christian_clergy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordination of LGBT Christian clergy">Ordination of LGBT Christian clergy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexuality and Christianity">Homosexuality and Christianity</a></div> <p>The ordination of <a href="/wiki/Lesbian" title="Lesbian">lesbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">gay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bisexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisexual">bisexual</a> or <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> clergy who are sexually active, and open about it, represents a fiercely contested subject within many <a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">mainline Protestant</a> communities. The majority of churches are opposed to such ordinations because they view <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Sin" title="Sin">sin</a> and incompatible with Biblical teaching and traditional Christian practice. Yet there are an increasing number of Christian congregations and communities that are open to ordaining people who are gay or lesbian. These are <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Protestant">liberal Protestant</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">denominations</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ" title="United Church of Christ">United Church of Christ</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a>, plus the small <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Community_Church" title="Metropolitan Community Church">Metropolitan Community Church</a>, founded as a church intending to minister primarily to LGBT people, and the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">Church of Sweden</a> where such clergy may serve in senior clerical positions. The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Norway" title="Church of Norway">Church of Norway</a> has for many years had both gay and lesbian priests, even bishops, and in 2006 the first woman who was appointed a bishop in Norway came out as an active homosexual herself, and that she had been a homosexual since before she joined the church.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The issue of ordination has caused particular controversy in the worldwide <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>, following the approval of <a href="/wiki/Gene_Robinson" title="Gene Robinson">Gene Robinson</a> to be <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_New_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of New Hampshire">Bishop of New Hampshire</a> in the <a href="/wiki/US_Episcopal_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="US Episcopal Church">US Episcopal Church</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_orders&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/holy-order">"Holy order | Christianity"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Holy+order+%7C+Christianity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fholy-order&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+orders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeeks2005" class="citation web cs1">Weeks, Lee (18 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bpnews.net/20599/how-do-catholics-and-baptists-differ">"How do Catholics & Baptists differ?"</a>. <i>www.bpnews.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bpnews.net&rft.atitle=How+do+Catholics+%26+Baptists+differ%3F&rft.date=2005-04-18&rft.aulast=Weeks&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bpnews.net%2F20599%2Fhow-do-catholics-and-baptists-differ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+orders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChurch_of_England" class="citation web cs1">Church of England. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/book-common-prayer/articles-religion">"Articles of Religion"</a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221001065437/https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/book-common-prayer/articles-religion">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Articles+of+Religion&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.au=Church+of+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofengland.org%2Fprayer-and-worship%2Fworship-texts-and-resources%2Fbook-common-prayer%2Farticles-religion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+orders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Catechism 1547</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Lumen Gentium 10</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woesteman, Wm. <i>The Sacrament of Orders and the Clerical State</i> St Paul's University Press: Ottawa, 2006, pg 8, see also <i>De Ordinatione</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">can. 588, CIC 1983</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">can. 266, CIC 1983</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bible,</i> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#28:18" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 28:18–20</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SL-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SL_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SL_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1979" class="citation cs2">Williams, Father Gregory (1979), <i>The Sacramental Life: An Orthodox Christian Perspective</i> (3rd ed.), Liberty TN: St. John of Kronstadt Press (published 1986), pp. 43–47</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sacramental+Life%3A+An+Orthodox+Christian+Perspective&rft.place=Liberty+TN&rft.pages=43-47&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=St.+John+of+Kronstadt+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Father+Gregory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+orders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DS-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DS_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DS_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DS_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSokolof1899" class="citation cs2">Sokolof, Archpriest Dimitrii (1899), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/sokolof/services.toc.html"><i>Manual of the Orthodox Church's Divine Services</i></a>, Jordanville, New York: <a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Monastery_(Jordanville,_New_York)" title="Holy Trinity Monastery (Jordanville, New York)">Holy Trinity Monastery</a> (published 2001), p. 166, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88465-067-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-88465-067-7"><bdi>0-88465-067-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manual+of+the+Orthodox+Church%27s+Divine+Services&rft.place=Jordanville%2C+New+York&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=Holy+Trinity+Monastery&rft.date=1899&rft.isbn=0-88465-067-7&rft.aulast=Sokolof&rft.aufirst=Archpriest+Dimitrii&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fccel%2Fsokolof%2Fservices.toc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+orders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHapgood1922" class="citation book cs1">Hapgood, Isabel F. (1922). <i>Service Book of the Holy Orthodox-Catholic Apostolic Church</i> (5th ed.). Englewood NJ: <a href="/wiki/Antiochian_Orthodox_Christian_Archdiocese" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese">Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese</a> (published 1975). p. 106.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Service+Book+of+the+Holy+Orthodox-Catholic+Apostolic+Church&rft.place=Englewood+NJ&rft.pages=106&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Antiochian+Orthodox+Christian+Archdiocese&rft.date=1922&rft.aulast=Hapgood&rft.aufirst=Isabel+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+orders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Max Weber</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Protestant_Ethic_and_the_Spirit_of_Capitalism" title="The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism">The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism</a></i>, trans. Talcott Parsons, Ch.3, p. 79 & note 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bookofconcord.org/smallcatechism.php#tableofduties">Luther's Small Catechism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927032351/http://www.bookofconcord.org/smallcatechism.php#tableofduties">Archived</a> 2011-09-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111017011043/http://bookofconcord.org/defense_12_sacraments.php">"Defense of the Augsburg Confession - Book of Concord"</a>. <i>bookofconcord.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bookofconcord.org/defense_12_sacraments.php">the original</a> on 2011-10-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bookofconcord.org&rft.atitle=Defense+of+the+Augsburg+Confession+-+Book+of+Concord&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbookofconcord.org%2Fdefense_12_sacraments.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+orders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucgbmxd/patriarc.htm">The Ecumenical Patriarch on Anglican Orders</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020125091106/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucgbmxd/patriarc.htm">Archived</a> 2002-01-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cannon2009-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cannon2009_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCannon2009" class="citation book cs1">Cannon, John (21 May 2009). <i>A Dictionary of British History</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-955037-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-955037-1"><bdi>978-0-19-955037-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+British+History&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009-05-21&rft.isbn=978-0-19-955037-1&rft.aulast=Cannon&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+orders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GospePrinciples-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GospePrinciples_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/gospel-principles/chapter-14-priesthood-organization?lang=eng">"Gospel Principles Chapter 14: Priesthood Organization"</a>. churchofjesuschrist.org. 2012-02-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gospel+Principles+Chapter+14%3A+Priesthood+Organization&rft.pub=churchofjesuschrist.org&rft.date=2012-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofjesuschrist.org%2Fstudy%2Fmanual%2Fgospel-principles%2Fchapter-14-priesthood-organization%3Flang%3Deng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+orders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Svenskakyrkan2021-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Svenskakyrkan2021_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.svenskakyrkan.se/ministry-and-ministries">"Ministry and Ministries"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">Church of Sweden</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ministry+and+Ministries&rft.pub=Church+of+Sweden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.svenskakyrkan.se%2Fministry-and-ministries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+orders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PMC2013-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PMC2013_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170807023333/http://www.primitivemethodistchurch.org/Discipline-2013.pdf">"Discipline of the Primitive Methodist Church in the United States of America"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Primitive_Methodist_Church" title="Primitive Methodist Church">Primitive Methodist Church</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.primitivemethodistchurch.org/Discipline-2013.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 7 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discipline+of+the+Primitive+Methodist+Church+in+the+United+States+of+America&rft.pub=Primitive+Methodist+Church&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.primitivemethodistchurch.org%2FDiscipline-2013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+orders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FMC-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FMC_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170807022256/http://fmcusa.org/blog/1995/08/01/fmc-statement-on-women-in-ministry/">"FMC Statement on Women in Ministry"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Free_Methodist_Church" title="Free Methodist Church">Free Methodist Church</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fmcusa.org/blog/1995/08/01/fmc-statement-on-women-in-ministry/">the original</a> on 7 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FMC+Statement+on+Women+in+Ministry&rft.pub=Free+Methodist+Church&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffmcusa.org%2Fblog%2F1995%2F08%2F01%2Ffmc-statement-on-women-in-ministry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+orders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meath_and_Kildare_news-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Meath_and_Kildare_news_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meath_and_Kildare_news_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130920193628/http://meath.anglican.org.dnnmax.com/mainsite/Bishop/tabid/81/language/en-US/Default.aspx">"Bishop Clarke"</a>. Diocese of Meath and Kildare. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://meath.anglican.org.dnnmax.com/mainsite/Bishop/tabid/81/language/en-US/Default.aspx">the original</a> on 20 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bishop+Clarke&rft.pub=Diocese+of+Meath+and+Kildare&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmeath.anglican.org.dnnmax.com%2Fmainsite%2FBishop%2Ftabid%2F81%2Flanguage%2Fen-US%2FDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+orders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc_–_Irish_Anglicans_install_Rev_Pat_Storey_as_bishop-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_–_Irish_Anglicans_install_Rev_Pat_Storey_as_bishop_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_–_Irish_Anglicans_install_Rev_Pat_Storey_as_bishop_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-25159579">"Irish Anglicans install Rev Pat Storey as bishop"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 30 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Irish+Anglicans+install+Rev+Pat+Storey+as+bishop&rft.date=2013-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-northern-ireland-25159579&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+orders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErlanger2013" class="citation news cs1">Erlanger, Steven (20 September 2013). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/21/world/europe/anglicans-name-first-female-bishop-in-ireland.html">"Anglicans Name First Female Bishop in Ireland"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220102/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/21/world/europe/anglicans-name-first-female-bishop-in-ireland.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-01-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Anglicans+Name+First+Female+Bishop+in+Ireland&rft.date=2013-09-20&rft.aulast=Erlanger&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F09%2F21%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fanglicans-name-first-female-bishop-in-ireland.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+orders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFundefined2009" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">undefined, undefined (2009-11-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dagbladet.no/magasinet/droslashmmedamer/65175676">"Drømmedamer"</a>. <i>Dagbladet.no</i> (in Norwegian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dagbladet.no&rft.atitle=Dr%C3%B8mmedamer&rft.date=2009-11-27&rft.aulast=undefined&rft.aufirst=undefined&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dagbladet.no%2Fmagasinet%2Fdroslashmmedamer%2F65175676&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+orders" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Print_resources">Print resources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_orders&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Print resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Campbell, Dennis. <i>Yoke of Obedience</i>, 1988. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-687-46660-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-687-46660-1">0-687-46660-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Oden" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Oden">Oden, Thomas</a>. <i>Pastoral Theology: Essentials of Ministry</i>, 1983. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-066353-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-066353-7">0-06-066353-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Willimon" class="mw-redirect" title="William Willimon">Willimon, William</a>. <i>Calling & Character: Virtues of the Ordained Life</i>, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-687-09033-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-687-09033-4">0-687-09033-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Willimon" class="mw-redirect" title="William Willimon">Willimon, William</a>. <i>Pastor: The Theology and Practice of Ordained Ministry</i>, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-687-04532-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-687-04532-0">0-687-04532-0</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_orders&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellarmine1847" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Bellarmine, Robert</a> (1847). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Art of Dying Well/Chapter 14"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Art_of_Dying_Well/Chapter_14">"The fourteenth precept, on the sacrament of Holy Orders" </a></span>. <i>The Art of Dying Well</i>. Translated by John Dalton. Richardson and Son.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+fourteenth+precept%2C+on+the+sacrament+of+Holy+Orders&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Dying+Well&rft.pub=Richardson+and+Son&rft.date=1847&rft.aulast=Bellarmine&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoly+orders" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Bray, Gerald L. <i>Sacraments & Ministry in Ecumenical Perspective</i>, in series, <i>Latimer Studies</i>, 18. Oxford, Eng.: Latimer House, 1984. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-946307-17-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-946307-17-2">0-946307-17-2</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_orders&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Holy_Orders" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Holy Orders">Holy Orders</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Order,_Holy" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Order, Holy">Order, Holy</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20050422195241/http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/Sacraments/HolyOrders.asp">Priesthood – Catholic Sacrament of Holy Orders – Ordination</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> Web Archives (archived 2005-04-22)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbhem.org/ResourceLibrary/stepord.pdf">The Steps to Orders in The United Methodist Church</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516234215/http://www.gbhem.org/ResourceLibrary/stepord.pdf">Archived</a> 2008-05-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (PDF)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051215100719/http://www.revneal.org/Writings/eldersorders.html">Elder's Orders in the UMC: The Disciplinary Questions and Sample Answers</a> by Gregory S. Neal</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.VocationGuide.org/">VISION Vocation Guide</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080703153517/http://www.vocationguide.org/">Archived</a> 2008-07-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Information on Catholic priesthood and religious life</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061023013807/http://www.franciscan-brothers.net/">Brothers of the Poor of St. Francis of Assisi, CFP</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2006-10-23). Located in the United States, Europe and Brazil. 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingship_and_kingdom_of_God" title="Kingship and kingdom of God">Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology_on_the_body" title="Catholic theology on the body">Body and soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_grace" title="Divine grace">Divine grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogma_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Dogma in the Catholic Church">Dogma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments_in_Catholic_theology" title="Ten Commandments in Catholic theology">Ten Commandments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li>Official Bible <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixtine_Vulgate" title="Sixtine Vulgate">Sixtine Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixto-Clementine_Vulgate" title="Sixto-Clementine Vulgate">Sixto-Clementine Vulgate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Vulgata" title="Nova Vulgata">Nova Vulgata</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecclesiology" title="Catholic ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Communitas_perfecta" title="Communitas perfecta">Communitas perfecta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_ecumenism" title="Catholic Church and ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four marks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholicity" title="Catholicity">Catholic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infallibility_of_the_Church" title="Infallibility of the Church">Infallibility</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystici_Corporis_Christi" title="Mystici Corporis Christi">Mystici Corporis Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Three states</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Subsistit_in" title="Subsistit in">Subsistit in</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">In canon law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Confirmation in the Catholic Church">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church">Anointing of the Sick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Last_rites" title="Last rites">Last rites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mariology" title="Catholic Mariology">Mariology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Catholic_Mariology" title="History of Catholic Mariology">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology_of_the_popes" title="Mariology of the popes">Mariology of the popes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology_of_the_saints" title="Mariology of the saints">Mariology of the saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Veneration</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephology" title="Josephology">Josephology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_moral_theology" title="Catholic moral theology">Moral theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalism_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Personalism (Catholic)">Personalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_philosophers_and_theologians" title="List of Catholic philosophers and theologians">Philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">Philosophy of canon law</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Science and the Catholic Church">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Evolution and the Catholic Church">Evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Relations_between_the_Catholic_Church_and_the_state" title="Relations between the Catholic Church and the state">Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics" title="Catholic Church and politics">Politics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saint_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint (Catholic)">Saints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Organisation<br /><small><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Hierarchy of the Catholic Church">Hierarchy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">Laity</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Order of precedence in the Catholic Church">Precedence</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_by_country" title="Catholic Church by country">By country</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_popes" title="List of popes">List of popes</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_living_cardinals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of living cardinals">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Cardinal_Advisers" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Cardinal Advisers">Advisers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicasteries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Synod of Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See" title="Properties of the Holy See">Properties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Vatican City–related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Vatican_City" title="Outline of Vatican City">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rota" title="Roman Rota">Roman Rota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">Polity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy orders</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_(structured_view)" title="List of Catholic dioceses (structured view)">Diocese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_conference" title="Episcopal conference">Episcopal conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchy#Church_hierarchy" title="Eparchy">Eparchy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">Bishop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_archbishop" title="Major archbishop">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">Primate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocesan_bishop" title="Diocesan bishop">Diocesan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coadjutor_bishop" title="Coadjutor bishop">Coadjutor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_bishop" title="Auxiliary bishop">Auxiliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titular_bishop" title="Titular bishop">Titular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_emeritus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope emeritus">Emeritus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_(Catholic_Church)" title="Parish (Catholic Church)">Parish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">Deacon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">Consecrated life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_(Western_Christianity)" title="Religious (Western Christianity)">Religious</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_(hierarchy)" title="Superior (hierarchy)">Superior</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">Abbot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">Abbess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_general_(Christianity)" title="Superior general (Christianity)">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_superior" title="Provincial superior">Provincial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">Prior, Prioress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_brother" title="Religious brother">Brother</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">Friar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_sister" title="Religious sister">Sister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_nun" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic nun">Nun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">Hermit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novitiate" title="Novitiate">Novice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novice_master" title="Novice master">Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblate" title="Oblate">Oblate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postulant" title="Postulant">Postulant</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Particular churches</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Sui_iuris" title="Sui iuris">sui iuris</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Albanian Greek Catholic Church">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Belarusian Greek Catholic Church">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Catholic_Church" title="Coptic Catholic Church">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Catholic_Church_of_Croatia_and_Serbia" title="Greek Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia">Croatian and Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Catholic_Church" title="Eritrean Catholic Church">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Catholic_Church" title="Ethiopian Catholic Church">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Georgia" title="Catholic Church in Georgia">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Byzantine_Catholic_Church" title="Greek Byzantine Catholic Church">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Hungarian Greek Catholic Church">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Albanian_Catholic_Church" title="Italo-Albanian Catholic Church">Italo-Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Macedonian Greek Catholic Church">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Romanian Greek Catholic Church">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Russian Greek Catholic Church">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church">Ruthenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Slovak Greek Catholic Church">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Church" title="Syriac Catholic Church">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Church">Syro-Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic liturgy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_liturgical_rites" title="Alexandrian liturgical rites">Alexandrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" title="Antiochene Rite">Antiochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Braga" title="Rite of Braga">Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Rite" title="Mozarabic Rite">Mozarabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Use" title="Zaire Use">Zaire</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marian_art_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marian art in the Catholic Church">Marian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_artists" title="List of Catholic artists">Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_writers" title="List of Catholic writers">Writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Catholic_church_buildings" title="Lists of Catholic church buildings">Church buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altarpiece" title="Altarpiece">Altarpieces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_Catholicism" title="Folk Catholicism">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_music" title="Category:Catholic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See">Distinctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilisation</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Criticism of the Catholic Church">Criticism of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Anti-Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_media" title="Category:Catholic media">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_Press_Office" title="Holy See Press Office">Holy See Press Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Media" title="Vatican Media">Vatican Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_News" title="Vatican News">Vatican News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Television_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Television Center">Vatican Television Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vatican Polyglot Press</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_Romano" title="L'Osservatore Romano">L'Osservatore Romano</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annuario_Pontificio" title="Annuario Pontificio">Annuario Pontificio</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">Religious orders</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">institutes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Society_of_apostolic_life" title="Society of apostolic life">societies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assumptionists" title="Assumptionists">Assumptionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Annonciades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Basil_the_Great" title="Order of Saint Basil the Great">Basilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictines" title="Benedictines">Benedictines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehemites" title="Bethlehemites">Bethlehemites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation" title="Order of the Most Holy Annunciation">Blue nuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camaldolese" title="Camaldolese">Camaldoleses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillians" title="Camillians">Camillians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelites" title="Carmelites">Carmelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusians" title="Carthusians">Carthusians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistercians" title="Cistercians">Cistercians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Clares" title="Poor Clares">Clarisses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptionists" title="Conceptionists">Conceptionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canons_Regular_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross">Crosiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Our_Lady_of_Charity_of_the_Good_Shepherd" title="Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd">Good Shepherd Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieronymites" title="Hieronymites">Hieronymites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legionaries_of_Christ" title="Legionaries of Christ">Legionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_of_Mercy" title="Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy">Mercedarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Minims" title="Order of Minims">Minims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivetans" title="Olivetans">Olivetans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oratory_of_Saint_Philip_Neri" title="Oratory of Saint Philip Neri">Oratorians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piarists" title="Piarists">Piarists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premonstratensians" title="Premonstratensians">Premonstratensians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemptoristines" title="Redemptoristines">Redemptoristines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servite_Order" title="Servite Order">Servites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatines" title="Theatines">Theatines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trappists" title="Trappists">Trappists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinitarians" title="Trinitarians">Trinitarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Visitation_of_Holy_Mary" title="Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary">Visitandines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Associations<br />of the faithful</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity" title="Confraternity">Confraternities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_lay_organisations" title="Catholic lay organisations">Lay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Marian_movements_and_societies" title="Catholic Marian movements and societies">Marian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_youth_work" title="Catholic youth work">Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Movement_of_Christian_Workers" title="World Movement of Christian Workers">Workers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_order" title="Third order">Third orders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Dominic" title="Third Order of Saint Dominic">Saint Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lay_Carmelites" title="Lay Carmelites">Lay Carmelites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Order_of_Discalced_Carmelites" title="Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites">Discalced</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis" title="Third Order of Saint Francis">Saint Francis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Franciscan_Order" title="Secular Franciscan Order">Secular</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_order_(religious_society)#International" title="Military order (religious society)">Military orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimcap" title="Fimcap">Fimcap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Action" title="Catholic Action">Catholic Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charismatic_Renewal" title="Catholic Charismatic Renewal">Charismatic Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_and_Liberation" title="Communion and Liberation">Communion and Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Sant%27Egidio" title="Community of Sant'Egidio">Sant'Egidio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focolare_Movement" title="Focolare Movement">Focolare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Catholic_Knights" title="International Alliance of Catholic Knights">International Alliance of Catholic Knights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Catholic_Conference_of_Scouting" title="International Catholic Conference of Scouting">Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Mary" title="Legion of Mary">Legion of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocatechumenal_Way" title="Neocatechumenal Way">Neocatechumenal Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opus_Dei" title="Opus Dei">Opus Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoenstatt_Apostolic_Movement" title="Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement">Schoenstatt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_charities" title="Catholic charities">Charities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aid_to_the_Church_in_Need" title="Aid to the Church in Need">Aid to the Church in Need</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caritas_Internationalis" title="Caritas Internationalis">Caritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charities_USA" title="Catholic Charities USA">Catholic Charities USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Home_Missions" title="Catholic Home Missions">Home Missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Relief_Services" title="Catholic Relief Services">Relief Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIDSE" title="CIDSE">CIDSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Christi" title="Pax Christi">Pax Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul" title="Society of Saint Vincent de Paul">Society of Saint Vincent de Paul</a><br /></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_health_care" title="Catholic Church and health care">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_school" title="Catholic school">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_higher_education" title="Catholic higher education">Universities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_Church" title="Category:Catholic Church">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christianity" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_footer" title="Template:Christianity footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_footer" title="Template talk:Christianity footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christianity" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Christianity-related_articles" title="Index of Christianity-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Christianity" title="Outline of Christianity">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Christians" title="Lists of Christians">Lists of Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_by_country" title="Christianity by country">By country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_texts#Christianity" title="List of religious texts">(Scriptures)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foundations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_(congregation)" title="Church (congregation)">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_gospel" title="The gospel">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Christian tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Christianity" title="Timeline of Christianity">timeline</a>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Christianity" title="Spread of Christianity">spread</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early<br />Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">in Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic fathers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_as_the_Roman_state_religion" title="Christianity as the Roman state religion">State church of the Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian biblical canon">Christian biblical canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Modern era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Islam" title="Christianity and Islam">Relations with Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_influences_on_the_Islamic_world" title="Christian influences on the Islamic world">Influences</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denominations</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">list</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations_by_number_of_members" title="List of Christian denominations by number of members">members</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East (Nestorian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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Father">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tradition" title="Sacred tradition">Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">Born again</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">Canon law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">Sacraments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_sick" title="Anointing of the sick">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Holy orders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ablution_in_Christianity" title="Ablution in Christianity">Ablution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hygiene_in_Christianity" title="Hygiene in Christianity">Hygiene</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_ethics" title="Christian ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_science" title="Christianity and science">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_evolution_by_religious_groups" title="Rejection of evolution by religious groups">Evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_poverty_and_wealth" title="Christian views on poverty and wealth">Views on poverty and wealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />features</th><td 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