Frequently Asked Questions

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class="text-white"> FAQs </h1> <p class="text-white text-bold">Frequently Asked Questions at tec5USA</p> </div> </div> </section> <section class="faq-results"> <div class="faq-results__wrap container wrapp"> <aside class="sidebar js-toggleSection"> <div class="sidebar__toggle"> <p class="sidebar__item"> <span class="sidebar__item-text">Results by Filters</span> </p> <span class="sidebar__item-arrow "><svg class="icon icon-arrow " width="19" height="19" aria-hidden="true" role="img"><use xlink:href="https://www.tec5usa.com/wp-content/themes/digitalsilk/assets/images/icons.svg#arrow"></use></svg></span> </div> <ul class='js-filter-faq-post-type sidebar__list'> <li class="sidebar__item js-toggleFilter active" data-post-type="all"> <span class="sidebar__item-text">ALL</span> <span class="sidebar__item-count">12</span> </li> </ul> </aside> <div class='js-faq-results'>  <div id='item-list' class='js-other-search-faq faq-results__list js-faq-acc' data-perpage='9' data-offset='0'> <div class='jsFaqItem custom-acc__item box --horizontal --border'> <button class='custom-acc__trigger box__head --custom js-custom-acc'>  <h3 class='box__head-title primary-font'>What is the maximum fiber length when using UV-Vis, NIR and Raman?</h3> </button> <div class='custom-acc__content js-custom-acc-cont p1'> <p class='box__head-exerpt'>Very broadly, there are two types of quartz fiber quality that we use for spectroscopy: high OH and low OH types. In order to deliver a maximum amount of UV light for certain applications, the high OH fibers are chosen, as this mitigates the creation of color centers due to damage from the high energy photons and allows transmission even down to 200 nm. Although this type of fiber is optimized for UV throughput, there is natural attenuation of light from ~300 nm and lower. Therefore, we recommend a total optical path of no longer then approx. 10 m for UV applications. On the other hand, for Vis/NIR and Raman (785 nm excitation), there is very little attenuation within low OH type fibers. These spectral ranges can transmit the light up to 100 m or more, depending on the details of the application.</p> </div> </div> <div class='jsFaqItem custom-acc__item box --horizontal --border'> <button class='custom-acc__trigger box__head --custom js-custom-acc'>  <h3 class='box__head-title primary-font'>I have multiple measurement locations, do I need to buy multiple spectrometers, one for each parameter?</h3> </button> <div class='custom-acc__content js-custom-acc-cont p1'> <p class='box__head-exerpt'>When it comes to measurement of multiple locations, there are several options available. One option, which will produce the most reproducible results is cloning the spectrometer system for each measurement point, although this is the most costly one. Alternatively, we have options for either electronic or optical multiplexing. In electronic multiplexing, we control up to 8 of our spectrometers using a single set of operating electronics, thus saving in the cost of the electronics. In this configuration, there is no noise introduced to the measured signal as there are no moving optical parts. Alternatively, a single high end spectrometer can be paired with a fiber optical switch, operating on the principle of moving a light path through precise positioning of piezo bending elements, for up to 32 measurement points. Since there are optical elements that are moving, this introduces a very small amount of noise to the measurements. This option can dramatically lower the cost per measurement point if a high number of channels need to be realized.</p> </div> </div> <div class='jsFaqItem custom-acc__item box --horizontal --border'> <button class='custom-acc__trigger box__head --custom js-custom-acc'>  <h3 class='box__head-title primary-font'>How do you roll out the same calibration across multiple spectrometers in the factory?</h3> </button> <div class='custom-acc__content js-custom-acc-cont p1'> <p class='box__head-exerpt'>Two different instruments responses are not identical. Therefore, a calibration model which is developed on one instrument will be mathematically corrected when transferring to a secondary instrument.    </p> </div> </div> <div class='jsFaqItem custom-acc__item box --horizontal --border'> <button class='custom-acc__trigger box__head --custom js-custom-acc'>  <h3 class='box__head-title primary-font'>Do you need to calibrate your systems and how often do you need to recalibrate?</h3> </button> <div class='custom-acc__content js-custom-acc-cont p1'> <p class='box__head-exerpt'>Model calibration is required to correlate spectral features to a process result. Although a full recalibration is likely not required for an existing chemometric prediction, model maintenance/upkeep may be required if there is a change in sample matrix or desire for model improvement. Due to the design of tec5USA’s diode array spectrometers, our analyzer equipment maintains a permanent wavelength calibration. tec5USA offers an annual validation of the wavelength calibration and corrects any deviation which may have occurred.</p> </div> </div> <div class='jsFaqItem custom-acc__item box --horizontal --border'> <button class='custom-acc__trigger box__head --custom js-custom-acc'>  <h3 class='box__head-title primary-font'>How do chemometrics work?</h3> </button> <div class='custom-acc__content js-custom-acc-cont p1'> <p class='box__head-exerpt'>Chemometrics is the term used for the process of building a method or mathematical algorithm to be deployed to predict properties of an unknown, but similar sample. It is done by analyzing known samples via a laboratory method for certain characteristics such as component levels, physical properties such as morphology, etc. These samples are then used as a training set to teach the analyzer of interest how spectra change with the change in property. Various algorithms are used and checked for robustness in their predictive properties. The mathematical equations that come out of this analysis are then used to examination unknown samples and predict these features. The data can then be used to adjust processes or make quality control decisions.</p> </div> </div> <div class='jsFaqItem custom-acc__item box --horizontal --border'> <button class='custom-acc__trigger box__head --custom js-custom-acc'>  <h3 class='box__head-title primary-font'>Is spectroscopy a plug ‘n play solution?</h3> </button> <div class='custom-acc__content js-custom-acc-cont p1'> <p class='box__head-exerpt'>As with many analyzer solutions, spectroscopy requires an initial calibration specific to the specific target parameters. Our solutions are tailored to meet the needs of the end user, including spectrometer configuration, immersion probe & application support for model calibration. tec5USA offers fully packaged analyzer equipment which can be located directly into your hazardous process environment, without the need for a control room or external cabinet.</p> </div> </div> <div class='jsFaqItem custom-acc__item box --horizontal --border'> <button class='custom-acc__trigger box__head --custom js-custom-acc'>  <h3 class='box__head-title primary-font'>What LOD (Limit of Detection) can you realize and what influences it?</h3> </button> <div class='custom-acc__content js-custom-acc-cont p1'> <p class='box__head-exerpt'>The limit of detection of any material depends on a number of factors. These factors include – the molar absorptivity of the compound of interest, the pathlength of the sampling apparatus, the signal-to-noise and dynamic range of the sensor, the stability of the measurement system including the optical path from the light source to the detector, and the stability of the light source itself. In some cases where there is excellent discrimination of a compound within a matrix, it could be possible to measure down to the parts per billion (ppb) range – but the specific application needs to be investigated to properly define the limit of detection.</p> </div> </div> <div class='jsFaqItem custom-acc__item box --horizontal --border'> <button class='custom-acc__trigger box__head --custom js-custom-acc'>  <h3 class='box__head-title primary-font'>What is spectroscopy?</h3> </button> <div class='custom-acc__content js-custom-acc-cont p1'> <p class='box__head-exerpt'>Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction of light with matter. Light covers a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum from high energy ultra violet (UV) photons to the near infrared (NIR), with the visible spectrum that we can see being in between. These different portions of the spectrum are important because they interact with matter in different ways. In the UV, these photons have high energy and therefore can induce electronic transitions, while the NIR photons can cause molecules to vibrate at unique frequencies. The way that we measure where compounds absorb light is by taking a spectrum, which is a graph showing the transmission of light as a function of the wavelength. All compounds have a unique absorption spectrum which can be used to identify the chemical composition of samples.</p> </div> </div> <div class='jsFaqItem custom-acc__item box --horizontal --border'> <button class='custom-acc__trigger box__head --custom js-custom-acc'>  <h3 class='box__head-title primary-font'>What determines the spectroscopic methodology when analyzing certain compounds?</h3> </button> <div class='custom-acc__content js-custom-acc-cont p1'> <p class='box__head-exerpt'>The spectroscopic methodology is determined by which parameters are important to monitor during a process. For example, if you want to monitor protein concentration in a bioreactor, in which the biosynthesis takes place in an aqueous medium, then you likely would want to use Raman spectroscopy for the application, as water does not contribute to the Raman signal. Alternatively, if moisture content is important, water has very strong absorption in the NIR due to several vibrational and combination modes that can be monitored; water is transparent in the UV and visible spectral region. Understanding which chemical is important as there could be various factors that influence the choice of methodology.</p> </div> </div> <div class='js-loadmore-posts' style='width: 100%;'></div> </div> <div class='js-message text-center'></div> <div class='pagination'> <div class='js-showing pagination__results-found'> <p class='text-transparent'> Showing <span class='js-show-num text-bold'>9</span> articles of <span class='js-found text-bold'>12</span> </p> </div> <button class='js-load-more-faq btn-primary'> <span class='icon-wrap'> <svg class="icon icon-loading " width="19" height="19" aria-hidden="true" role="img"><use xlink:href="https://www.tec5usa.com/wp-content/themes/digitalsilk/assets/images/icons.svg#loading"></use></svg> </span> <span class='btn-text'> Load More </span> </button> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="scientists-engineers"> <div class="container-big --right wrapp"> <div class="f-col-6"> <div class="heading-wrap"> <p class="sup-heading ">Every 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