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What Is Spectroscopy - tec5USA
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Touch</span> </a> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <section class="hero --small"> <div class="hero__media --overlay"> <div class="hero__img lazy" data-bg="https://www.tec5usa.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Mask-Group.png"> </div> </div> <div class="hero__container"> <div class="heading-wrap text-center"> <p class="sup-heading text-white">In-line Process Spectrometers</p> <h1 class="text-white"> What is Spectroscopy? </h1> <p class="text-white text-bold">Find out more about UV-Vis, Near-Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy</p> </div> </div> </section> <section class="markets-category --spectroscopy"> <div class="container"> <div class='markets-category__tabs js-horizontal-scroll'> <div class='js-tabs-list markets-category__tabs-item --v2 active' data-tab-index="1" style='cursor: pointer;'> <span>01</span> <h4 class="text-big">What is UV-Vis Spectroscopy?</h4> </div> <div class='js-tabs-list markets-category__tabs-item --v2 ' data-tab-index="2" style='cursor: pointer;'> <span>02</span> <h4 class="text-big">What is Near-Infrared Spectroscopy?</h4> </div> <div class='js-tabs-list markets-category__tabs-item --v2 ' data-tab-index="3" style='cursor: pointer;'> <span>03</span> <h4 class="text-big">What is Raman Spectroscopy?</h4> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Markets List By Category --> <div class='js-market-items markets-category__wrap'> <div class="text-center text-big js-sub-desc"></div> <div class="markets-category__list js-market-result wrapp "> <div class='js-layout-content markets-category__wrap' data-layout-index="1" style="display: block"> <div class="container markets-category__content --layout-1"> <div class="heading-wrap"> <h2>What is UV-Vis Spectroscopy?</h2> </div> <div class="markets-category__image"> <img width="1024" height="353" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201024%20353'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class='image' data-lazy-src="https://www.tec5usa.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/1-1024x353.png"><noscript><img width="1024" height="353" src="https://www.tec5usa.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/1-1024x353.png" class='image'></noscript> <p class="markets-category__image-desc">(Left) A resonant photon is absorbed inducing a transition between the ground and excited states. (Middle) An electron spontaneously falls to a lower state releasing a photon. (Right) A photon knocks the electron out from the excited state and a second photon is released.</p> </div> <div class="markets-category__text"> <p class="text-big">UV-Visible spectroscopy considers the span of wavelengths ranging from 200 – 700nm. When light is incident upon a material, certain wavelengths will be resonant, or equal in energy, with transitions between energy states in the medium. These wavelengths are absorbed, inducing electronic transitions where electrons are promoted to higher states. Once in an excited state, an electron can drop back down to its initial state, emitting a photon equal in energy to the one it absorbed on the way.</p> <p class="text-big">For <a href="https://www.tec5usa.com/uv-vis-spectroscopy/">UV-Vis spectroscopy</a>, a broad range of light sources is used to excite multiple transitions in a material. The plot of the transition intensity vs. the wavelength is referred to as a spectrum. The spectrum can be plotted in terms of transmission, how much light passed through the material, or absorbance, how much light was absorbed at a particular wavelength.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class='js-layout-content markets-category__wrap' data-layout-index="1" style="display: block"> <div class="container markets-category__content --layout-2"> <div class="markets-category__content-wrap"> <div class="markets-category__text"> <div class="heading-wrap"> <h2>How Are Transmission, Absorbance and Concentration Related?</h2> </div> <p class="text-big">As light passes through a medium, light is absorbed and the intensity of the transmitted light is given by, I<sub>T</sub> (λ)=I<sub>0</sub>e<sup>-ε(λ)lc</sup> where ε(λ) is the wavelength-dependent molar absorptivity constant, l is the path length and c is the concentration of particles in the medium. Substituting the transmittance, T=I<sub>T</sub>/I<sub>0</sub> and absorbance, A=-log(T) yields, A= εlc This is known as the <a href="https://www.tec5usa.com/beer-lambert-law/">Beer-Lambert Law</a>, which states that the absorption of light, at a specific wavelength, as it passes through a medium is proportional to the concentration of a substance within that medium. This implies that concentrations of chemical species in a particular sample can be related quantitatively to the spectra that are produced with an optical measurement. Quantitative measurements are parameterized by statistical methods known as chemometrics, which relate the relative intensities in the spectra to the actual concentrations found using traditional laboratory methods. These models can then be used in the process to predict the concentrations of unknown samples in real-time.</p> </div> <div class="markets-category__image"> <img data-src="https://www.tec5usa.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/How-Are-Transmission.png" class='lazy image'> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='js-layout-content markets-category__wrap' data-layout-index="1" style="display: block"> <div class="container markets-category__content --layout-3"> <div class="heading-wrap"> <h2>Applications of UV-Vis Spectroscopy</h2> </div> <div class="markets-category__content-wrap --reverse"> <div class="markets-category__image"> <img data-src="https://www.tec5usa.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/AdobeStock_33487770-1-min-scaled-1-588x470.jpeg" class='lazy image'> </div> <div class="markets-category__text "> <p class="text-big">Due to its non-destructive nature, <a href="https://www.tec5usa.com/uv-vis-spectroscopy/">UV-Vis spectroscopy</a> is a versatile tool typically used to make quantitative measurements of chemicals in a given sample including both inorganics and organics. It is frequently used to analyze impurities in organic compounds, such as in food and pharmaceuticals, and can be coupled with separation-based techniques such as chromatography or inductively coupled plasma to measure emission from constituents in a sample as separation is achieved. It is also often used for colorimetry, thin-film analysis, electroplating, etc.</p> </div> </div> <div class="markets-category__content-wrap"> <div class="markets-category__image"> </div> <div class="markets-category__text"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="js-layout-content solutions-section jsSliderSection" data-layout-index="1" style="display: block"> <div class="container"> <div class="solutions__head"> <h2 class="text-white">Explore More About UV-Vis Applications</h2> <!-- Arrows Next/Prev --> <div class="slider__options"> <div class="jsSolutionsSliderNumberSlide slider__count"> <span class='jsCurrent slider__count-current'>01</span> / <span class='jsTotal slider__count-total'>04</span> </div> <div class="slider__btns-wrap"> <button class='jsSolutionsSliderNext btn-primary --next'> <span class="icon-wrap"> <svg class="icon icon-arrow-hollow-left " width="19" height="19" aria-hidden="true" role="img"><use 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class='image' width="62" height="62px"></noscript> <h3 class='text-big primary-font'>Hematology</h3> <span class='btn-primary'> <span class='icon-wrap'> <svg class="icon icon-arrow-hollow-right " width="19" height="19" aria-hidden="true" role="img"><use xlink:href="https://www.tec5usa.com/wp-content/themes/digitalsilk/assets/images/icons.svg#arrow-hollow-right"></use></svg> </span> <span class='btn-text'> See More </span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class='js-layout-content markets-category__wrap' data-layout-index="2" style="display: none"> <div class="container markets-category__content --layout-3"> <div class="heading-wrap"> <h2>What is Near-Infrared Spectroscopy?</h2> </div> <div class="markets-category__content-wrap --reverse"> <div class="markets-category__image"> <img data-src="https://www.tec5usa.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/4-1-670x264.png" class='lazy image'> </div> <div class="markets-category__text "> <p class="text-big">ear-Infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a type of vibrational absorption spectroscopy which utilizes the wavelength range of 700-2500nm. Vibrational spectroscopy looks at vibrational transitions induced in molecules. When light is incident on a molecule with a changing dipole, photons that are resonant can be absorbed and induce vibrational transitions. In general, a changing dipole will occur in asymmetric vibrations, where the bond length to one atom gets longer as another gets shorter.</p> </div> </div> <div class="markets-category__content-wrap"> <div class="markets-category__image"> <img data-src="https://www.tec5usa.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/4-2-475x350.png" class='lazy image'> </div> <div class="markets-category__text"> <p class="text-big">Fundamental wavelengths fall within the Mid-IR range of 2.5 - 25µm and correspond to a change from one vibrational state to the next, Δv=±1. However, molecules have harmonic overtones in addition to their fundamental frequencies, which correspond to jumps over more than one state, Δv=±2,± 3,± 4,… In the NIR range, these energies primarily correlate to overtones forming hydrogen bonds in a medium.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='js-layout-content markets-category__wrap' data-layout-index="2" style="display: none"> <div class="container markets-category__content --layout-2"> <div class="markets-category__content-wrap"> <div class="markets-category__text"> <div class="heading-wrap"> <h2>How Are Transmission, Absorbance and Concentration Related?</h2> </div> <p class="text-big">As light passes through a medium, light is absorbed and the intensity of the transmitted light is given by, I<sub>T</sub>(λ)=I<sub>0</sub>e<sup>-ε(λ)lc</sup> where ε(λ) is the wavelength-dependent molar absorptivity constant, l is the pathlength and c is the concentration of particles in the medium. Substituting the transmittance, T=I<sub<T</sub>I<sub>0</sub> and absorbance, A=-log(T) yields, A= εlc This is known as the Beer-Lambert Law, which states that the absorption of light, at a specific wavelength, as it passes through a medium is proportional to the concentration of a substance within that medium. This implies that concentrations of chemical species in a particular sample can be related quantitatively to the spectra that are produced with an optical measurement. Quantitative measurements are parameterized by statistical methods known as chemometrics, which relate the relative intensities in the spectra to the actual concentrations found using traditional laboratory methods. These models can then be used in the process to predict the concentrations of unknown samples in real-time.</p> </div> <div class="markets-category__image"> <img data-src="https://www.tec5usa.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/How-Are-Transmission.png" class='lazy image'> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='js-layout-content markets-category__wrap' data-layout-index="2" style="display: none"> <div class="container markets-category__content --layout-2"> <div class="markets-category__content-wrap"> <div class="markets-category__text"> <div class="heading-wrap"> <h2>Applications of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy</h2> </div> <p class="text-big">Because most matter found on Earth contains hydrogen, NIRS is a powerful tool for monitoring a multitude of processes in chemical and biochemical engineering, as well in agriculture and food & beverage processing.</p> </div> <div class="markets-category__image"> <img 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When non-resonant light is incident on a molecule, the light interacts with the electric field of the medium and scatters. Most of the scattering that takes place is called Rayleigh scattering, where no energy is gained or lost by the photon. However, approximately 1 in 1,000,000 photons will impart momentum onto the medium, inducing vibrational transitions and red shifting the photon to a longer wavelength.</p> </div> </div> <div class="markets-category__content-wrap"> <div class="markets-category__image"> <img data-src="https://www.tec5usa.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/4-1-580x228.png" class='lazy image'> </div> <div class="markets-category__text"> <p class="text-big">This is known as Stokes Raman scattering. The losses of energy can be recorded to create a spectrum in the Mid-IR range. Unlike IR spectroscopy, the Raman technique relies on a change in polarizability within a molecule and therefore primarily considers symmetric vibrational modes, where the bond lengths change in phase with one another. For this reason, Raman spectroscopy is considered complementary to IR techniques.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='js-layout-content markets-category__wrap' data-layout-index="3" style="display: none"> <div class="container markets-category__content --layout-2"> <div class="markets-category__content-wrap"> <div class="markets-category__text"> <div class="heading-wrap"> <h2>How are Raman Spectra Related to a Sample?</h2> </div> <p class="text-big">Raman spectra, like IR spectra, are unique to every sample, with peaks corresponding to the specific physical/chemical properties of the material. The peak intensity, i.e. peak height or peak area, is proportional to the number of molecules or the concentration in the sample, I(λ)∝σlcI where σ is the Raman cross-section, l is the pathlength, c is the concentration, and I represent various instrument parameters including, laser power, integration time, etc. This implies that concentrations of chemical species in a particular sample can be related quantitatively to the spectra that are produced with an optical measurement. Quantitative measurements are parameterized by statistical methods known as chemometrics, which relate the relative intensities in the spectra to the actual concentrations found using traditional laboratory methods. These models can then be used in the process to predict the concentrations of unknown samples in real-time.</p> </div> <div class="markets-category__image"> <img data-src="https://www.tec5usa.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/8-670x468.png" class='lazy image'> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='js-layout-content markets-category__wrap' data-layout-index="3" style="display: none"> <div class="container markets-category__content --layout-2"> <div class="markets-category__content-wrap"> <div class="markets-category__text"> <div class="heading-wrap"> <h2>Applications of Raman Spectroscopy</h2> </div> <p class="text-big">Raman spectroscopy, due to its dependence on changes in polarizability, is considered a complementary technique to IR spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy is particularly useful for the detection of gas-phase diatomic molecules, e.g. H2, N2, etc., as well as hydrocarbons and samples containing water. For example, in a sample containing sufficient levels of moisture, where water concentration is not of interest, Raman spectroscopy can be used to analyze the sample. Because of its strong dipole, water does not exhibit a change in polarizability as it vibrates, making it effectively invisible to Raman spectroscopy, where an IR spectrum might be consumed by absorption from water, making them less desirable for water-based sample measurements.</p> </div> <div class="markets-category__image"> <img data-src="https://www.tec5usa.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/AdobeStock_335853410-min-scaled-1-670x326.jpeg" class='lazy image'> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="js-layout-content solutions-section jsSliderSection" data-layout-index="3" style="display: none"> <div class="container"> <div class="solutions__head"> <h2 class="text-white">Explore More About Raman Applications</h2> <!-- Arrows Next/Prev --> <div class="slider__options"> <div class="jsSolutionsSliderNumberSlide slider__count"> <span class='jsCurrent slider__count-current'>01</span> / <span class='jsTotal slider__count-total'>07</span> </div> <div class="slider__btns-wrap"> <button 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