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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography and geology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography_and_geology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography and geology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydrodynamics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrodynamics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Hydrodynamics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydrodynamics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> 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<span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Threats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Threats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Threats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Threats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protected_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protected_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Protected areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protected_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Main cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>In fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pantanal</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84" title="بانتانال – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بانتانال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Пантанал – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пантанал" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Пантанал – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пантанал" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Пантанал – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пантанал" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanalo" title="Pantanalo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pantanalo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanala" title="Pantanala – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pantanala" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84" title="پانتانال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پانتانال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%90%ED%83%80%EB%82%98%EC%9A%B0" title="판타나우 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="판타나우" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AC" title="Պանտանալ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պանտանալ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2" title="पैंटानल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पैंटानल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%9C" title="פנטנל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פנטנל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="პანტანალი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პანტანალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanalis" title="Pantanalis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pantanalis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Пантанал – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пантанал" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BD" title="പാന്റനാൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പാന്റനാൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB" title="パンタナル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パンタナル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Пантанал – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пантанал" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal_(%C3%BAzemie)" title="Pantanal (územie) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pantanal (územie)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Пантанал – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пантанал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5" title="ปังตานัล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปังตานัล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Пантанал – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пантанал" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84" title="پینٹانل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پینٹانل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pantanal" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E5%A1%94%E7%B4%8D%E6%BF%95%E5%9C%B0" title="潘塔納濕地 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="潘塔納濕地" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9C" title="פאנטאנאל – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאנטאנאל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E5%A1%94%E7%B4%8D%E7%88%BE%E6%BF%95%E5%9C%B0" title="潘塔納爾濕地 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="潘塔納爾濕地" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pantanal&params=17_24_S_57_30_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°24′S</span> <span class="longitude">57°30′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.400°S 57.500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-17.400; -57.500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Tropical wetland in Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Pantanal_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Pantanal (disambiguation)">Pantanal (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25em;line-height:1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#cde5b2;">Pantanal</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pantanal,_south-central_South_America_5170.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Pantanal%2C_south-central_South_America_5170.jpg/272px-Pantanal%2C_south-central_South_America_5170.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Pantanal%2C_south-central_South_America_5170.jpg/408px-Pantanal%2C_south-central_South_America_5170.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Pantanal%2C_south-central_South_America_5170.jpg/544px-Pantanal%2C_south-central_South_America_5170.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1101" data-file-height="799" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Typical Pantanal scenery</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ecoregion_NT0907.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ecoregion_NT0907.svg/272px-Ecoregion_NT0907.svg.png" decoding="async" width="272" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ecoregion_NT0907.svg/408px-Ecoregion_NT0907.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ecoregion_NT0907.svg/544px-Ecoregion_NT0907.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1499" data-file-height="1191" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Map of the Pantanal ecoregion</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#cde5b2;">Ecology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Biogeographic_realm" title="Biogeographic realm">Realm</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Neotropical_realm" title="Neotropical realm">Neotropical</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Biome" title="Biome">Biome</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Flooded_grasslands_and_savannas" title="Flooded grasslands and savannas">Flooded grasslands and savannas</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#cde5b2;">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">195,000 km<sup>2</sup> (75,000 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#cde5b2;">Conservation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Global_200" title="Global 200">Global 200</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Pantanal flooded savannas</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_by_country" title="World Heritage Sites by country">Location</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Natural: (vii), (ix), (x)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/999">999</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">2000 (24th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data category">187,818 km<sup>2</sup> (72,517 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pantanal&params=17_24_S_57_30_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">17°24′S</span> <span class="longitude">57°30′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">17.400°S 57.500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-17.400; -57.500</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #8DE3D2; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Ramsar_Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">Ramsar Wetland</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Pantanal Matogrossense</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">24 May 1993</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">602<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #8DE3D2; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Ramsar_Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">Ramsar Wetland</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">El Pantanal Boliviano</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">17 September 2001</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">1089<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_Map_of_Brazil.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pantanal is located in Brazil"><img alt="Pantanal is located in Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Relief_Map_of_Brazil.jpg/250px-Relief_Map_of_Brazil.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Relief_Map_of_Brazil.jpg/375px-Relief_Map_of_Brazil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Relief_Map_of_Brazil.jpg/500px-Relief_Map_of_Brazil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1186" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.5%;left:40%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Pantanal"><img alt="Pantanal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"><div style="line-height:1.2em;">Location of Pantanal in Brazil</div></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Brazil</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pantanal is located in South America"><img alt="Pantanal is located in South America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/South_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-South_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/South_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-South_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/South_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-South_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1732" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:48.698%;left:54.136%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Pantanal"><img alt="Pantanal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Pantanal (South America)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of South America</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Pantanal</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Portuguese pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[pɐ̃taˈnaw]</a></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Natural_region" title="Natural region">natural region</a> encompassing the world's largest tropical <a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">wetland</a> area, and the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Flooded_grasslands_and_savannas" title="Flooded grasslands and savannas">flooded grasslands</a>. It is located mostly within the <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazilian</a> state of <a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso_do_Sul" title="Mato Grosso do Sul">Mato Grosso do Sul</a>, but it extends into <a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso" title="Mato Grosso">Mato Grosso</a> and portions of <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>. It sprawls over an area estimated at between 140,000 and 195,000 km<sup>2</sup> (54,000 and 75,000 sq mi). Various subregional ecosystems exist, each with distinct <a href="/wiki/Hydrological" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrological">hydrological</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geological" class="mw-redirect" title="Geological">geological</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ecological" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecological">ecological</a> characteristics; up to 12 of them have been defined.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecohydrology_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecohydrology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NG_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NG-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Keddy2005_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keddy2005-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mongabay_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mongabay-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nature_conservancy_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nature_conservancy-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Roughly 80% of the Pantanal floodplains are submerged during the rainy seasons, nurturing a <a href="/wiki/Biologically_diverse" class="mw-redirect" title="Biologically diverse">biologically diverse</a> collection of <a href="/wiki/Aquatic_plant" title="Aquatic plant">aquatic plants</a> and helping to support a dense array of animal species. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantanal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name "Pantanal" comes from the Portuguese word <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">pântano</i></span> that means "swamp", "wetland", "bog", "quagmire", or "marsh" plus the suffix <i>-al</i>, that means "abundance, agglomeration, collection".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_geology">Geography and geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantanal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography and geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Pantanal covers about 140,000–160,000 km<sup>2</sup> (54,000–62,000 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:04_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:04-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of gently-sloped basin that receives runoff from the upland areas (the <a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso_Plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Mato Grosso Plateau">Planalto highlands</a>) and slowly releases the water through the <a href="/wiki/Paraguay_River" title="Paraguay River">Paraguay River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tributaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Tributaries">tributaries</a>. The formation is a result of the large, concave, pre-Andean depression of the Earth's crust, related to the <a href="/wiki/Andes_mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Andes mountains">Andean</a> <a href="/wiki/Orogeny" title="Orogeny">orogeny</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary" title="Tertiary">Tertiary</a>. It constitutes an enormous internal <a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">river delta</a>, in which several rivers flowing from the surrounding plateau merge, depositing their <a href="/wiki/Sedimentation" title="Sedimentation">sediments</a> and erosion residues, which have been filling the large depression area of the Pantanal. This area is also one of the distinct physiographic provinces of the larger Parana-Paraguay Plain area, which encompasses a total of 1.5<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup> km<sup>2</sup> (580,000 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Pantanal is bounded by the <a href="/wiki/Chiquitano_dry_forests" title="Chiquitano dry forests">Chiquitano dry forests</a> to the west and northwest, by the <a href="/wiki/Arid_Chaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Arid Chaco">Arid Chaco</a> dry forests to the southwest, and the <a href="/wiki/Humid_Chaco" title="Humid Chaco">Humid Chaco</a> to the south. The <a href="/wiki/Cerrado" title="Cerrado">Cerrado</a> savannas lie to the north, east, and southeast. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantanal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Pantanal is a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_savanna_climate" title="Tropical savanna climate">tropical wet and dry</a> region with an average annual temperature of 24 °C (75 °F) and rainfall between 1,000 and 1,250 millimetres (39 and 49 in) per year. Extreme temperatures can reach a high of 41 °C (106 °F) or drop to −1 °C (30 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-:04_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:04-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the year, temperature varies about 6.0 °C (10.8 °F) with the warmest month being November (with an average temperature of 26 °C or 79 °F) and the coldest month being June (with an average temperature of 20 °C or 68 °F). Its wettest month is January (with an average of 340 mm or 13 in) and its driest is June (with an average of 3 mm or 0.12 in).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydrodynamics">Hydrodynamics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantanal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hydrodynamics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pantanal,_Mato_Grosso,_Brasil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Pantanal%2C_Mato_Grosso%2C_Brasil.jpg/220px-Pantanal%2C_Mato_Grosso%2C_Brasil.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Pantanal%2C_Mato_Grosso%2C_Brasil.jpg/330px-Pantanal%2C_Mato_Grosso%2C_Brasil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Pantanal%2C_Mato_Grosso%2C_Brasil.jpg/440px-Pantanal%2C_Mato_Grosso%2C_Brasil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4417" data-file-height="2950" /></a><figcaption>Landscape</figcaption></figure> <p>Floodplain ecosystems such as the Pantanal are defined by their seasonal <a href="/wiki/Inundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Inundation">inundation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Desiccation" title="Desiccation">desiccation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecohydrology_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecohydrology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They shift between phases of standing water and phases of dry soil, when the water table can be well below the root region.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecohydrology_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecohydrology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soils range from high levels of <a href="/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">sand</a> in higher areas to higher amounts of <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">silt</a> in <a href="/wiki/Riverine" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverine">riverine</a> areas. </p><p>Elevation of the Pantanal ranges from 80 to 150 m (260 to 490 ft) above sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecohydrology_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecohydrology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Annual rainfall over the flood basin is between 1,000 and 1,500 mm (39 and 59 in), with most rainfall occurring between November and March.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecohydrology_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecohydrology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Annual average precipitation ranged from 920 to 1,540 mm in the years 1968-2000.<sup id="cite_ref-:04_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:04-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Paraguay_River" title="Paraguay River">Paraguay River</a> portion of the Pantanal, water levels rise between two meters to five meters seasonally; water fluctuations in other parts of the Pantanal are less than this.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecohydrology_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecohydrology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flood waters tend to flow slowly (2 to 10 cm (0.79 to 3.94 in) per second<sup id="cite_ref-Ecohydrology_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecohydrology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) due to the low gradients and high resistance offered by the dense vegetation. </p><p>When rising river waters first contact previously dry soil, the waters become oxygen-depleted, rendering the water environs <a href="/wiki/Hypoxia_(environmental)" title="Hypoxia (environmental)">anoxic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecohydrology_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecohydrology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many natural <a href="/wiki/Fish_kill" title="Fish kill">fish kills</a> can occur if there are no oxygenated water refuges available. The reason for this remains speculative: it may be due to the growth of <a href="/wiki/Toxin" title="Toxin">toxin</a>-producing bacteria in the deoxygenated water rather than as a direct result of lack of oxygen.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecohydrology_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecohydrology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flora">Flora</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantanal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Flora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_plants_of_Pantanal_vegetation_of_Brazil" title="List of plants of Pantanal vegetation of Brazil">List of plants of Pantanal vegetation of Brazil</a></div> <p>The vegetation of the Pantanal, often referred to as the "Pantanal <a href="/wiki/Complex_system" title="Complex system">complex</a>", is a mixture of plant communities typical of a variety of surrounding <a href="/wiki/Biome" title="Biome">biome</a> regions: these include moist tropical Amazonian rainforest plants, semiarid woodland plants typical of northeast Brazil, Brazilian <i><a href="/wiki/Cerrado" title="Cerrado">cerrado</a></i> savanna plants, and plants of the <i>Chaco</i> savannas of Bolivia and Paraguay.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecohydrology_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecohydrology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forests usually occur at higher altitudes of the region, while grasslands cover the seasonally inundated areas. The key limiting factors for growth are inundation and, even more importantly, water-stress during the dry season.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecohydrology_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecohydrology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Agricultural_Research_Corporation" title="Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation">Embrapa</a>, approximately 2,000 different plants have been identified in the Pantanal biome and classified according to their potential, with some presenting significant medicinal promise.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fauna">Fauna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantanal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Pantanal ecosystem is home to some 463 species of birds,<sup id="cite_ref-Keddy2005_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keddy2005-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 269 species of fishes, more than 236 species of mammals,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 141 species of reptiles and amphibians, and over 9,000 subspecies of invertebrates. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Pomacea_lineata" title="Pomacea lineata">apple snail</a> (<i>Pomacea lineata</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Keystone_species" title="Keystone species">keystone species</a> in Pantanal's ecosystem. When the wetlands are flooded once a year, the grass and other plants will eventually die and start to decay. During this process, decomposing microbes deplete the shallow water of all oxygen, suffocating larger decomposers. Unlike other decomposing animals, the apple snails have both gills and lungs, making it possible for them to thrive in <a href="/wiki/Anoxic_waters" title="Anoxic waters">anoxic waters</a> where they recycle the nutrients. To get oxygen, they extend a long snorkel to the water surface, pumping air into their lungs. This ability allows them to consume all the dead plant matter and turn it into nutritious fertilizer available for the plants in the area. The snails themselves are also food for a variety of animals.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the rarest animals to inhabit the wetland of the Pantanal are the <a href="/wiki/Marsh_deer" title="Marsh deer">marsh deer</a> (<i>Blastocerus dichotomus</i>) and the <a href="/wiki/Giant_otter" title="Giant otter">giant river otter</a> (<i>Pteronura brasiliensis</i>). Parts of the Pantanal are also home to the following endangered or threatened species: the <a href="/wiki/Hyacinth_macaw" title="Hyacinth macaw">hyacinth macaw</a> (<i>Anodorhyncus hyacinthinus</i>) (a bird endangered due to smuggling), the <a href="/wiki/Crowned_Solitary_Eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="Crowned Solitary Eagle">crowned solitary eagle</a> (<i>Buteogallus coronatus</i>), the <a href="/wiki/Maned_wolf" title="Maned wolf">maned wolf</a> (<i>Chrysocyon brachyurus</i>), the <a href="/wiki/Bush_dog" title="Bush dog">bush dog</a> (<i>Speothos venaticus</i>), the <a href="/wiki/South_American_tapir" title="South American tapir">South American tapir</a> (<i>Tapirus terrestris</i>), and the <a href="/wiki/Giant_anteater" title="Giant anteater">giant anteater</a> (<i>Myrmecophaga tridactyla</i>). Common species in the Pantanal include the <a href="/wiki/Capybara" title="Capybara">capybara</a> (<i>Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris</i>), <a href="/wiki/Ocelot" title="Ocelot">ocelot</a> <i>(Leopardus pardalis)</i>, and the <a href="/wiki/Yacare_caiman" title="Yacare caiman">yacare caiman</a> (<i>Caiman yacare</i>). According to 1996 data, there were 10 million caimans in the Pantanal, making it the highest concentration of crocodilians in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pantanal is home to one of the largest and healthiest <a href="/wiki/Jaguar" title="Jaguar">jaguar</a> (<i>Panthera onca</i>) populations on Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are thirteen species of herons and <a href="/wiki/Egret" title="Egret">egrets</a>, six species of <a href="/wiki/Ibis" title="Ibis">ibises</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spoonbill" title="Spoonbill">spoonbills</a>, and five species of <a href="/wiki/Kingfisher" title="Kingfisher">kingfishers</a> that use the Pantanal as a breeding and feeding ground. There are nineteen species of <a href="/wiki/Parrot" title="Parrot">parrots</a> documented in the Pantanal, including five species of <a href="/wiki/Macaw" title="Macaw">macaws</a>. Some migratory birds include the <a href="/wiki/American_golden_plover" title="American golden plover">American golden plover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peregrine_falcon" title="Peregrine falcon">peregrine falcon</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bobolink" title="Bobolink">bobolink</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a> are <a href="/wiki/Detritivore" title="Detritivore">detritivores</a>, primarily ingesting fine particles from sediments and plant surfaces.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecohydrology_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecohydrology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is characteristic of fish living in South American flood-plains in general. Fish migration between river channels and flood-plain regions occurs seasonally.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecohydrology_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecohydrology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These fish have many <a href="/wiki/Adaptation" title="Adaptation">adaptations</a> that allow them to survive in the oxygen-depleted flood-plain waters.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecohydrology_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecohydrology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the <a href="/wiki/Caiman" title="Caiman">caiman</a>, some of the reptiles that inhabit the Pantanal are the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_anaconda" title="Yellow anaconda">yellow anaconda</a> (<i>Eunectes notaeus</i>), the <a href="/wiki/Gold_tegu" title="Gold tegu">gold tegu</a> (<i>Tupinambis teguixin</i>), the <a href="/wiki/Red-footed_tortoise" title="Red-footed tortoise">red-footed tortoise</a> (<i>Geochelone carbonaria</i>), and the <a href="/wiki/Green_iguana" title="Green iguana">green iguana</a> (<i>Iguana iguana</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gallery">Gallery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantanal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tapir_Pantanal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lowland tapir"><img alt="Lowland tapir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Tapir_Pantanal.jpg/270px-Tapir_Pantanal.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Tapir_Pantanal.jpg/405px-Tapir_Pantanal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Tapir_Pantanal.jpg/540px-Tapir_Pantanal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lowland_tapir" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowland tapir">Lowland tapir</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anodorhynchus_hyacinthinus_wild.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hyacinth macaws"><img alt="Hyacinth macaws" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Anodorhynchus_hyacinthinus_wild.jpg/240px-Anodorhynchus_hyacinthinus_wild.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Anodorhynchus_hyacinthinus_wild.jpg/360px-Anodorhynchus_hyacinthinus_wild.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Anodorhynchus_hyacinthinus_wild.jpg/480px-Anodorhynchus_hyacinthinus_wild.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hyacinth_macaw" title="Hyacinth macaw">Hyacinth macaws</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Myrmecophaga_tridactyla,_Pantanal_region,_Brazil.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Giant anteater"><img alt="Giant anteater" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Myrmecophaga_tridactyla%2C_Pantanal_region%2C_Brazil.jpg/240px-Myrmecophaga_tridactyla%2C_Pantanal_region%2C_Brazil.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Myrmecophaga_tridactyla%2C_Pantanal_region%2C_Brazil.jpg/360px-Myrmecophaga_tridactyla%2C_Pantanal_region%2C_Brazil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Myrmecophaga_tridactyla%2C_Pantanal_region%2C_Brazil.jpg/480px-Myrmecophaga_tridactyla%2C_Pantanal_region%2C_Brazil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="2160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Giant_anteater" title="Giant anteater">Giant anteater</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 164.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 162.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:4987_Pantanal_jaguar_JF.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pantanal jaguar"><img alt="Pantanal jaguar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/4987_Pantanal_jaguar_JF.jpg/244px-4987_Pantanal_jaguar_JF.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/4987_Pantanal_jaguar_JF.jpg/366px-4987_Pantanal_jaguar_JF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/4987_Pantanal_jaguar_JF.jpg/488px-4987_Pantanal_jaguar_JF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3510" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/South_American_jaguar" class="mw-redirect" title="South American jaguar">Pantanal jaguar</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 186.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hydrochoerus_hydrochaeris_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Capybaras"><img alt="Capybaras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Hydrochoerus_hydrochaeris_%281%29.jpg/277px-Hydrochoerus_hydrochaeris_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="185" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Hydrochoerus_hydrochaeris_%281%29.jpg/415px-Hydrochoerus_hydrochaeris_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Hydrochoerus_hydrochaeris_%281%29.jpg/554px-Hydrochoerus_hydrochaeris_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="553" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Capybara" title="Capybara">Capybaras</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 128px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blastoceros_dichotomus_by_anagoria_.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Marsh deer"><img alt="Marsh deer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Blastoceros_dichotomus_by_anagoria_.jpg/192px-Blastoceros_dichotomus_by_anagoria_.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Blastoceros_dichotomus_by_anagoria_.jpg/288px-Blastoceros_dichotomus_by_anagoria_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Blastoceros_dichotomus_by_anagoria_.jpg/383px-Blastoceros_dichotomus_by_anagoria_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2460" data-file-height="2310" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Marsh_deer" title="Marsh deer">Marsh deer</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Howler,_Pantanal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Black howler monkeys"><img alt="Black howler monkeys" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Black_Howler%2C_Pantanal.jpg/270px-Black_Howler%2C_Pantanal.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Black_Howler%2C_Pantanal.jpg/404px-Black_Howler%2C_Pantanal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Black_Howler%2C_Pantanal.jpg/539px-Black_Howler%2C_Pantanal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="668" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Black_howler" title="Black howler">Black howler</a> monkeys</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tamandua_Pantanal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Southern tamandua"><img alt="Southern tamandua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Tamandua_Pantanal.jpg/270px-Tamandua_Pantanal.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Tamandua_Pantanal.jpg/405px-Tamandua_Pantanal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Tamandua_Pantanal.jpg/540px-Tamandua_Pantanal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Southern_tamandua" title="Southern tamandua">Southern tamandua</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caracara_plancus_-Mato_Grosso_-Brazil-8.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crested caracara"><img alt="Crested caracara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Caracara_plancus_-Mato_Grosso_-Brazil-8.jpg/270px-Caracara_plancus_-Mato_Grosso_-Brazil-8.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Caracara_plancus_-Mato_Grosso_-Brazil-8.jpg/405px-Caracara_plancus_-Mato_Grosso_-Brazil-8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Caracara_plancus_-Mato_Grosso_-Brazil-8.jpg/540px-Caracara_plancus_-Mato_Grosso_-Brazil-8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Crested_caracara" title="Crested caracara">Crested caracara</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathartes_Pantanal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lesser yellow-headed vulture"><img alt="Lesser yellow-headed vulture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Cathartes_Pantanal.jpg/180px-Cathartes_Pantanal.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Cathartes_Pantanal.jpg/270px-Cathartes_Pantanal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Cathartes_Pantanal.jpg/360px-Cathartes_Pantanal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lesser_yellow-headed_vulture" title="Lesser yellow-headed vulture">Lesser yellow-headed vulture</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 270px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 268px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caiman_yacare_Pantanal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yacare caiman"><img alt="Yacare caiman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Caiman_yacare_Pantanal.jpg/402px-Caiman_yacare_Pantanal.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Caiman_yacare_Pantanal.jpg/602px-Caiman_yacare_Pantanal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Caiman_yacare_Pantanal.jpg/803px-Caiman_yacare_Pantanal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4940" data-file-height="2217" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Yacare_caiman" title="Yacare caiman">Yacare caiman</a> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Threats">Threats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantanal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Threats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Pantanal region includes essential sanctuaries for migratory birds, critical nursery grounds for aquatic life, and refuges for such creatures as the yacare caiman, deer, and <a href="/wiki/South_American_jaguar" class="mw-redirect" title="South American jaguar">Pantanal jaguar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BioAssessment3_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BioAssessment3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most species are not under threat due to the low deforestation rates (less than 17%) of native vegetation now in the area due to new regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the causes which threaten the Pantanal ecosystems are: </p> <ul><li>Fishing <ul><li>Commercial fishing is focused on only a few species and is probably not sustainable.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecohydrology3_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecohydrology3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> National and international sport fishing in the Paraguay river and its tributaries are the main focus for fishing activities.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecohydrology3_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecohydrology3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local fishing communities have been under close watch by environmentalists as well.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Cattle-ranching: <ul><li>Approximately 99% of the land in the Pantanal is privately owned for the purpose of <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ranching" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranching">ranching</a>, even though there are some regulations on available land based on the extent of flooding during each wet season.<sup id="cite_ref-NG200301102_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NG200301102-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:04_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:04-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>There are 2500 <a href="/wiki/Fazenda" title="Fazenda">fazendas</a> in the region and up to eight million <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cattle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Erosion and sedimentation caused by this activity alter the soil and hydrological characteristics of Pantanal flood-plain ecosystems; consequently, native species are threatened by the change in ecosystem variables.<sup id="cite_ref-NG200301102_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NG200301102-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Hunting, poaching, and smuggling of <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered species</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-Wildworld2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wildworld2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reptile, wildcat, and parrot species are particularly at risk from the smuggling industry due to their high value on the black market.</li> <li>Uncontrolled tourism and overuse of natural resources</li> <li>Deforestation <ul><li>Establishment of logging companies during political turmoils in the region resulted in peak deforestation rates between 1978-1989. Many livelihoods were dependent on harvesting rubber trees as new waves of migrants arrived, resulting in what is now there today.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Silt run-off from deforested highlands alters soil hydrology and is a significant threat to the Pantanal.<sup id="cite_ref-BioAssessment3_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BioAssessment3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Pollution from <a href="/wiki/Gold_mining" title="Gold mining">gold mining</a> operations and agro-industry<sup id="cite_ref-NG200301102_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NG200301102-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>The Pantanal is a natural <a href="/wiki/Water_treatment" title="Water treatment">water treatment</a> system as it removes chemicals, including pollutants, from water. Pollution from industrial development (especially gold mining) can harm native flora and fauna.</li> <li>However, water quality in the Pantanal was not significantly degraded as of 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecohydrology3_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecohydrology3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Pollution from sewage systems and pesticides<sup id="cite_ref-Wildworld2_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wildworld2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Movement to large-scale agriculture of food crops, mainly <a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">soy-beans</a>, has adopted the use of large quantities of chemical pesticides and fertilizers which <a href="/wiki/Leaching_(agriculture)" title="Leaching (agriculture)">leach</a> into the soil or run-off to the flood plains of the Pantanal.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Infrastructure development (shipping <a href="/wiki/Canals" class="mw-redirect" title="Canals">canals</a>, raised roads, pipelines)<sup id="cite_ref-NG200301102_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NG200301102-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>The proposed plan to dredge the Paraguay and <a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_River" title="Paraná River">Paraná Rivers</a> to allow oceangoing ships to travel 3,442 km (2,139 mi) inland is of particular concern and could affect the hydrology (flooding and drainage cycles) of the region, and therefore impact the ecosystem.<sup id="cite_ref-Wildworld2_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wildworld2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WWFplata2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWFplata2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Forest Fires <ul><li>In late 2020, a quarter of the wetland was destroyed by an unprecedented fire attributed to climate change. An area estimated of about 19,890 square kilometres (7,681 sq mi) was razed by the fire, killing millions of <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">vertebrates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Experts say 2020 was the most active year on record for wildfires.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until November 2020, Brazil's <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Space_Research" title="National Institute for Space Research">National Institute for Space Research</a> (INPE) had detected more than 21,200 fires in the Pantanal biome, a figure that is 69% higher than 2005, when the INPE recorded roughly 12,500 fires. There were 8,106 fires in September 2020 alone—more than four times the historic average for the month.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Climate change <ul><li>Current predictive climate models indicate a progressive increase in the frequency of extreme events (for example, extreme rainfalls and extended droughts). These events could affect the Pantanal´s ecosystem functioning, amplifying and worsening human modifications of hydrological and environmental conditions in the basin.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protected_areas">Protected areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantanal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Protected areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Aerea.jpg/220px-Aerea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Aerea.jpg/330px-Aerea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Aerea.jpg/440px-Aerea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>Hotel SESC Porto Cercado in the SESC Reserve</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Otuquis_National_Park_and_Integrated_Management_Natural_Area" title="Otuquis National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area">Otuquis National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area</a></div> <p>A portion of the Pantanal in Brazil has been protected as the <a href="/wiki/Pantanal_Matogrossense_National_Park" title="Pantanal Matogrossense National Park">Pantanal Matogrossense National Park</a>. This 1,350 km<sup>2</sup> (520 sq mi) park, established in September 1981, is located in the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Pocon%C3%A9" title="Poconé">Poconé</a> in the State of Mato Grosso, between the mouths of the Baía de São Marcos and the <a href="/wiki/Gurupi_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurupi River">Gurupi Rivers</a>. The park was designated a Ramsar Site of International Importance under the <a href="/wiki/Ramsar_Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">Ramsar Convention</a> on May 24, 1993. </p><p>The SESC Pantanal Private Natural Heritage Reserve (<i>Reserva Particular do Patrimonio Natural SESC Pantanal</i>) is a privately owned reserve in Brazil, established in 1998 and 878.7 km<sup>2</sup> (339.3 sq mi) in size. It is located in the north-eastern portion, known as "Poconé" Pantanal, not far from the Pantanal National Park. It is a mix of permanent rivers, seasonal streams, permanent and seasonal floodplain freshwater lakes, shrub-dominated wetlands and seasonally flooded forests, all dedicated to nature preservation, and was designated a Ramsar Site of International Importance under the <a href="/wiki/Ramsar_Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">Ramsar Convention</a>. </p><p>Otuquis National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area is a national park of Bolivia in the Pantanal. The entrance to Otuquis National park is through the town of Puerto Suarez. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_cities">Main cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantanal&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Main cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brazil: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miranda,_Mato_Grosso_do_Sul" title="Miranda, Mato Grosso do Sul">Miranda</a>, Mato Grosso do Sul</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquidauana" title="Aquidauana">Aquidauana</a>, Mato Grosso do Sul</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar%C3%A3o_de_Melga%C3%A7o" class="mw-redirect" title="Barão de Melgaço">Barão de Melgaço</a>, Mato Grosso</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodoquena" title="Bodoquena">Bodoquena</a>, Mato Grosso do Sul</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonito,_Mato_Grosso_do_Sul" title="Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul">Bonito</a>, Mato Grosso do Sul</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1ceres,_Mato_Grosso" title="Cáceres, Mato Grosso">Cáceres</a>, Mato Grosso</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corumb%C3%A1" title="Corumbá">Corumbá</a>, Mato Grosso do Sul</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coxim" title="Coxim">Coxim</a>, Mato Grosso do Sul</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lad%C3%A1rio" title="Ladário">Ladário</a>, Mato Grosso do Sul</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocon%C3%A9" title="Poconé">Poconé</a>, Mato Grosso</li></ul> <p>Bolivia: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Quijarro" title="Puerto Quijarro">Puerto Quijarro</a>, Santa Cruz</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Puerto Suárez">Puerto Suárez</a>, Santa Cruz</li></ul> <p>Paraguay: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%ADa_Negra" title="Bahía Negra">Bahía Negra</a>, Alto Paraguay</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuerte_Olimpo" title="Fuerte Olimpo">Fuerte Olimpo</a>, Alto Paraguay</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_fiction">In fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantanal&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pantanal appears as a natural wonder in the strategy game <i><a href="/wiki/Civilization_VI" title="Civilization VI">Civilization VI</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Grisham" title="John Grisham">John Grisham</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Testament_(John_Grisham_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Testament (John Grisham novel)">The Testament</a></i> largely takes place in the Pantanal.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pantanal_(1990_TV_series)" title="Pantanal (1990 TV series)">Pantanal</a></i> is the title of a Brazilian-produced <a href="/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela">telenovela</a> whose setting is the Brazilian Pantanal.</li> <li>The Jack McKinney Robotech novel <i>Before the Invid Storm</i> makes reference to former soldiers of the Army of the Southern Cross called the Pantanal Brigade by the character Major Alice Harper Argus.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twilight_(novel_series)" title="Twilight (novel series)">The Twilight Saga</a>: The Amazon Coven</i>: "The Amazon coven consists of three sisters, Kachiri, Zafrina, and Senna, all natives of the Pantanal wetlands."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pantanal makes an appearance in <i><a href="/wiki/Tom_Clancy%27s_Ghost_Recon:_Wildlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon: Wildlands">Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon: Wildlands</a></i> as a region called Caimanes.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantanal&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox 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.reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/602">"Pantanal Matogrossense"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ramsar_Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">Ramsar</a> Sites Information Service</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ae1OJ-vyKSkC&q=pantanal"><i>The Ecohydrology of South American Rivers and Wetlands</i></a>. International Association of Hydrological Sciences. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-901502-02-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-901502-02-3"><bdi>1-901502-02-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=10+Rivers+most+at+Risk&rft.atitle=The+Threats+of+Dams+and+Navigation+Infrastructure+on+La+Plata&rft.aulast=Gunther&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwwf.panda.org%2Fabout_our_earth%2Fabout_freshwater%2Ffreshwater_problems%2Friver_decline%2F10_rivers_risk%2Fla_plata%2Flaplata_threats%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APantanal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomasBerlinckChiaravallotiFaggioni2021" class="citation journal cs1">Tomas, Walfrido Moraes; Berlinck, Christian Niel; Chiaravalloti, Rafael Morais; Faggioni, Gabriel Paganini; Strüssmann, Christine; Libonati, Renata; Abrahão, Carlos Roberto; do Valle Alvarenga, Gabriela; de Faria Bacellar, Ana Elisa; de Queiroz Batista, Flávia Regina; Bornato, Thainan Silva (December 16, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8677733">"Distance sampling surveys reveal 17 million vertebrates directly killed by the 2020's wildfires in the Pantanal, Brazil"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. <b>11</b> (1): 23547. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021NatSR..1123547T">2021NatSR..1123547T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-021-02844-5">10.1038/s41598-021-02844-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2045-2322">2045-2322</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8677733">8677733</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34916541">34916541</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=Distance+sampling+surveys+reveal+17+million+vertebrates+directly+killed+by+the+2020%27s+wildfires+in+the+Pantanal%2C+Brazil&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=23547&rft.date=2021-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8677733%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021NatSR..1123547T&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34916541&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41598-021-02844-5&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft.aulast=Tomas&rft.aufirst=Walfrido+Moraes&rft.au=Berlinck%2C+Christian+Niel&rft.au=Chiaravalloti%2C+Rafael+Morais&rft.au=Faggioni%2C+Gabriel+Paganini&rft.au=Str%C3%BCssmann%2C+Christine&rft.au=Libonati%2C+Renata&rft.au=Abrah%C3%A3o%2C+Carlos+Roberto&rft.au=do+Valle+Alvarenga%2C+Gabriela&rft.au=de+Faria+Bacellar%2C+Ana+Elisa&rft.au=de+Queiroz+Batista%2C+Fl%C3%A1via+Regina&rft.au=Bornato%2C+Thainan+Silva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8677733&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APantanal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArréllagaLondoñoCasado2020" class="citation news cs1">Arréllaga, Maria Magdalena; Londoño, Ernesto; Casado, Letícia (September 4, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/04/world/americas/brazil-wetlands-fires-pantanal.html">"Brazil Fires Burn World's Largest Tropical Wetlands at 'Unprecedented' Scale"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Brazil+Fires+Burn+World%27s+Largest+Tropical+Wetlands+at+%27Unprecedented%27+Scale&rft.date=2020-09-04&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Arr%C3%A9llaga&rft.aufirst=Maria+Magdalena&rft.au=Londo%C3%B1o%2C+Ernesto&rft.au=Casado%2C+Let%C3%ADcia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F09%2F04%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fbrazil-wetlands-fires-pantanal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APantanal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIvana_Kottasová,_Henrik_Pettersson_and_Krystina_Shveda2020" class="citation web cs1">Ivana Kottasová, Henrik Pettersson and Krystina Shveda (November 13, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/13/americas/pantanal-fires-climate-change-intl/index.html">"The world's largest wetlands are on fire. That's a disaster for all of us"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=The+world%27s+largest+wetlands+are+on+fire.+That%27s+a+disaster+for+all+of+us&rft.date=2020-11-13&rft.au=Ivana+Kottasov%C3%A1%2C+Henrik+Pettersson+and+Krystina+Shveda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F11%2F13%2Famericas%2Fpantanal-fires-climate-change-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APantanal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThielenSchuchmannRamoni-PerazziMarquez2020" class="citation journal cs1">Thielen, Dirk; Schuchmann, Karl-Ludwig; Ramoni-Perazzi, Paolo; Marquez, Marco; Rojas, Wilmer; Quintero, Jose Isrrael; Marques, Marinêz Isaac (January 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6946591">"Quo vadis Pantanal? Expected precipitation extremes and drought dynamics from changing sea surface temperature"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>15</b> (1): e0227437. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020PLoSO..1527437T">2020PLoSO..1527437T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0227437">10.1371/journal.pone.0227437</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1932-6203">1932-6203</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6946591">6946591</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31910441">31910441</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Quo+vadis+Pantanal%3F+Expected+precipitation+extremes+and+drought+dynamics+from+changing+sea+surface+temperature&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=e0227437&rft.date=2020-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6946591%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020PLoSO..1527437T&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31910441&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0227437&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.aulast=Thielen&rft.aufirst=Dirk&rft.au=Schuchmann%2C+Karl-Ludwig&rft.au=Ramoni-Perazzi%2C+Paolo&rft.au=Marquez%2C+Marco&rft.au=Rojas%2C+Wilmer&rft.au=Quintero%2C+Jose+Isrrael&rft.au=Marques%2C+Marin%C3%AAz+Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6946591&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APantanal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Twilight Saga: The Official Illustrated Guide</i> p. 185.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantanal&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Pantanal#Q157603" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Pantanal">Pantanal</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to:<br /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pantanal" class="extiw" title="commons:Pantanal"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Pantanal</span></a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pantanal" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pantanal">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pantanalescapes.com/locations/map.html">Pantanal maps and tourist information</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pantanalnature.com.br/">Pantanal Nature</a>. Information on wildlife in Pantanal.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exoticbirding.com/brazil/pantanal/checklist.html">Patanal bird checklist</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:States_of_Brazil" title="Template:States of Brazil"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:States_of_Brazil" title="Template talk:States of Brazil"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:States_of_Brazil" title="Special:EditPage/Template:States of Brazil"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regions_and_states_of_Brazil" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil" title="Regions of Brazil">Regions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federative_units_of_Brazil" title="Federative units of Brazil">states</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Brazil" title="Subdivisions of Brazil">Subdivisions of Brazil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federative_units_of_Brazil" title="Federative units of Brazil">Federative units</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central-West_Region,_Brazil" title="Central-West Region, Brazil">Center-West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_District_(Brazil)" title="Federal District (Brazil)">Distrito Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goi%C3%A1s" title="Goiás">Goiás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso" title="Mato Grosso">Mato Grosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso_do_Sul" title="Mato Grosso do Sul">Mato Grosso do Sul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Southeast Region, Brazil">Southeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo">Espírito Santo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)" title="Rio de Janeiro (state)">Rio de Janeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)" title="São Paulo (state)">São Paulo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Region,_Brazil" title="South Region, Brazil">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_(state)" title="Paraná (state)">Paraná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina_(state)" title="Santa Catarina (state)">Santa Catarina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Northeast Region, Brazil">Northeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alagoas" title="Alagoas">Alagoas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahia" title="Bahia">Bahia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cear%C3%A1" title="Ceará">Ceará</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maranh%C3%A3o" title="Maranhão">Maranhão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para%C3%ADba" title="Paraíba">Paraíba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pernambuco" title="Pernambuco">Pernambuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piau%C3%AD" title="Piauí">Piauí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Norte" title="Rio Grande do Norte">Rio Grande do Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergipe" title="Sergipe">Sergipe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Region,_Brazil" title="North Region, Brazil">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acre_(state)" title="Acre (state)">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Amapá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazonas_(Brazilian_state)" title="Amazonas (Brazilian state)">Amazonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%A1" title="Pará">Pará</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rond%C3%B4nia" title="Rondônia">Rondônia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roraima" title="Roraima">Roraima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocantins" title="Tocantins">Tocantins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Brazil" title="List of islands of Brazil">Notable archipelagos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Noronha" title="Fernando de Noronha">Fernando de Noronha</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pernambuco" title="Pernambuco">PE</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocas_Atoll" title="Rocas Atoll">Rocas Atoll</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Norte" title="Rio Grande do Norte">RN</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_and_Saint_Paul_Archipelago" title="Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago">Saint Peter and Saint Paul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pernambuco" title="Pernambuco">PE</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trindade_and_Martim_Vaz" title="Trindade and Martim Vaz">Trindade and Martim Vaz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo">ES</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brazil_socio-geographic_division" title="Brazil socio-geographic division">Socio-geographic divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaz%C3%B4nia_Legal" title="Amazônia Legal">Amazônia Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centro-Sul" title="Centro-Sul">Centro-Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordeste_(socio-geographic_division)" title="Nordeste (socio-geographic division)">Nordeste</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_federative_units_of_Brazil" title="Proposed federative units of Brazil">Proposed federative units</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Brazil" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Brazil" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Brazil"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Brazil" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in Brazil"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Brazil" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in Brazil"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Brazil" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a> in Brazil</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ja%C3%BA_National_Park" title="Jaú National Park">Central Amazon Conservation Complex</a></dd></dl> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Brazil.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Brasil"><img alt="Flag of Brasil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/80px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/120px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/160px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Flag of Brasil</figcaption></figure> <br /> <figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ru%C3%ADnas_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ruins of São Miguel das Missões"><img alt="Ruins of São Miguel das Missões" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Ru%C3%ADnas_1.jpg/80px-Ru%C3%ADnas_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Ru%C3%ADnas_1.jpg/120px-Ru%C3%ADnas_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Ru%C3%ADnas_1.jpg/160px-Ru%C3%ADnas_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4914" data-file-height="3197" /></a><figcaption>Ruins of São Miguel das Missões</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northeast Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Brazilian Atlantic Islands</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Noronha" title="Fernando de Noronha">Fernando de Noronha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rocas_Atoll" title="Rocas Atoll">Atol das Rocas</a> Reserves</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Forest" title="Atlantic Forest">Discovery Coast Atlantic Forest Reserves</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></dd> <dd>Historic Centre of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Lu%C3%ADs,_Maranh%C3%A3o" title="São Luís, Maranhão">São Luís</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Historic_Center_(Salvador)" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic Center (Salvador)">Historic Centre of Salvador de Bahia</a></dd> <dd>Historic Centre of the Town of <a href="/wiki/Olinda" title="Olinda">Olinda</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Len%C3%A7%C3%B3is_Maranhenses_National_Park" title="Lençóis Maranhenses National Park">Lençóis Maranhenses National Park</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Francisco_Square" title="São Francisco Square">São Francisco Square</a> in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Crist%C3%B3v%C3%A3o" title="São Cristóvão">São Cristóvão</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Serra_da_Capivara_National_Park" title="Serra da Capivara National Park">Serra da Capivara National Park</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central-West Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia" title="Brasília">Brasília</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Cerrado Protected Areas</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chapada_dos_Veadeiros_National_Park" title="Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park">Chapada dos Veadeiros</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emas_National_Park" title="Emas National Park">Emas National Park</a></dd> <dd>Historic Centre of the Town of <a href="/wiki/Goi%C3%A1s,_Goi%C3%A1s" title="Goiás, Goiás">Goiás</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pantanal Conservation Area</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Serra_do_Mar" title="Serra do Mar">Atlantic Forest South-East Reserves</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Forest" title="Atlantic Forest">Discovery Coast Atlantic Forest Reserves</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></dd> <dd>Historic Centre of the Town of <a href="/wiki/Diamantina,_Minas_Gerais" title="Diamantina, Minas Gerais">Diamantina</a></dd> <dd>Historic Town of <a href="/wiki/Ouro_Preto" title="Ouro Preto">Ouro Preto</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pampulha_Modern_Ensemble" title="Pampulha Modern Ensemble">Pampulha Modern Ensemble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paraty" title="Paraty">Paraty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ilha_Grande" title="Ilha Grande">Ilha Grande</a> – Culture and Biodiversity</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Bom_Jesus_de_Matosinhos" title="Sanctuary of Bom Jesus de Matosinhos">Sanctuary of Bom Jesus de Matosinhos</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Burle_Marx#Sítio_Roberto_Burle_Marx" title="Roberto Burle Marx">Sítio Roberto Burle Marx</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Valongo_Wharf" title="Valongo Wharf">Valongo Wharf Archaeological Site</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Serra_do_Mar" title="Serra do Mar">Atlantic Forest South-East Reserves</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Igua%C3%A7u_National_Park" title="Iguaçu National Park">Iguaçu National Park</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Jesuit_missions_among_the_Guaran%C3%AD" title="Jesuit missions among the Guaraní">Jesuit Missions of the Guaranis</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruins_of_S%C3%A3o_Miguel_das_Miss%C3%B5es" title="Ruins of São Miguel das Missões">Ruins of São Miguel das Missões</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dd><sup>1</sup> Shared with other <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil" title="Regions of Brazil">region/s</a></dd> <dd><sup>2</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157603#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a 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America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grasslands_of_Bolivia" title="Category:Grasslands of Bolivia">Grasslands of Bolivia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grasslands_of_Brazil" title="Category:Grasslands of Brazil">Grasslands of Brazil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grasslands_of_Paraguay" title="Category:Grasslands of Paraguay">Grasslands of Paraguay</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Mato_Grosso_do_Sul" title="Category:Geography of Mato Grosso do Sul">Geography of Mato Grosso do Sul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Landforms_of_Mato_Grosso_do_Sul" title="Category:Landforms of Mato Grosso do Sul">Landforms of Mato Grosso do Sul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wetlands_of_Brazil" title="Category:Wetlands of Brazil">Wetlands of Brazil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wetlands_of_Bolivia" title="Category:Wetlands of Bolivia">Wetlands of Bolivia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wetlands_of_Paraguay" title="Category:Wetlands of Paraguay">Wetlands of 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