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Pulgada piramidal - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
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for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pulgada piramidal</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en otro idioma. 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Página de herramientas"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apariencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apariencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="es" dir="ltr"><p>La pulgada piramidal es una unidad de medida que, según los piramidólogos, se usaba en la antigüedad. Supuestamente era la veinticincoava parte del "<a href="/wiki/Codo_(unidad_de_longitud)" title="Codo (unidad de longitud)">codo</a> sagrado", es decir, 2,5426924 centímetros o 1,00106 pulgadas imperiales <sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificabilidad" title="Wikipedia:Verificabilidad">cita requerida</a></i>]</sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulgada_piramidal&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar sección: Historia"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Piazzi-plate_7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Piazzi-plate_7.jpg/500px-Piazzi-plate_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Piazzi-plate_7.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="465" /></a><figcaption>Diagrama de <a href="/wiki/Charles_Piazzi_Smyth" title="Charles Piazzi Smyth">Charles Piazzi Smyth</a> <i>Our Inheritance in the Great Pyramid</i> (1877) muestra sus mediciones en pulgadas piramidales</figcaption></figure> <p>Se atribuye al profesor de astronomía de <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Greaves" title="John Greaves">John Greaves</a> (1602-1652], quien viajó a <a href="/wiki/Egipto" title="Egipto">Egipto</a> en 1638 para realizar mediciones de la <a href="/wiki/Gran_Pir%C3%A1mide_de_Guiza" title="Gran Pirámide de Guiza">Gran Pirámide de Guiza</a>, la primera sugerencia de que los constructores de aquella utilizaron unidades de medida relacionadas con unidades modernas. Sus hallazgos se publicaron en su obra <i>Pyramidographia</i> y, bajo su nombre, en un tratado apócrifo.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>​ Más de un siglo después <a href="/wiki/John_Taylor" class="mw-disambig" title="John Taylor">John Taylor</a> (1781-1864) estudió las mediciones de Greaves y las realizadas por ingenieros franceses durante la expedición de <a href="/wiki/Napole%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleón">Napoleón</a> a Egipto. Taylor sostenía que las mediciones indicaban que los antiguos egipcios habían utilizado una unidad de medida aproximadamente una milésima mayor que la pulgada británica contemporánea.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>2<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>​ Ese fue el origen del término pulgada piramidal. </p><p>Taylor consideraba que la pulgada piramidal era la veinticincoava parte del codo sagrado, cuya existencia ya había sido postulada por <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>3<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>​ El principal argumento era que la longitud total de los cuatro lados de la base de la pirámide serían 36524 (100 veces los días del año) si se midieran en pulgadas piramidales. </p><p>Taylor y sus seguidores, entre los que se encontraba el Astrónomo Real de Escocia, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Piazzi_Smyth" title="Charles Piazzi Smyth">Charles Piazzi Smyth</a> (1819-1900), hallaron numerosas coincidencias aparentes entre las mediciones de la Gran Piŕamide y la geometría de la Tierra y el sistema solar. Llegaron a la conclusión de que el sistema británico de medidas derivaba de un sistema mucho más antiguo, si no divino. Durante el siglo <span style="font-variant:small-caps;text-transform:lowercase">XIX</span> y principios del <span style="font-variant:small-caps;text-transform:lowercase">XX</span> esta teoría jugó un papel relevante en los debates sobre si Gran Bretaña y Estados Unidos debían o no adoptar el <a href="/wiki/Sistema_m%C3%A9trico_decimal" title="Sistema métrico decimal">sistema métrico decimal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>4<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>​ </p><p>La teoría de Taylor y Smyth tuvo eminentes defensores y detractores pero a finales del XIX ya había perdido casi todo el apoyo de la ciencia establecida. El mayor golpe a la teoría lo propinó <a href="/wiki/Flinders_Petrie" class="mw-redirect" title="Flinders Petrie">Flinders Petrie</a> (1853-1942), cuyo padre era un creyente de dicha teoría. Cuando Petrie fue a Egipto in 1880 para realizar nuevas mediciones, descubrió que la pirámide era varios pies más baja de lo que inicialmente se creía, incluyendo el sillar de coronamiento perdido. Esto socavó tanto la teoría que Petrie la rechazó, al escribir "no hay ningún ejemplo auténtico, que pueda superar escrutinio alguno, del uso o existencia de una medida tal que la "pulgada piramidal", o de un codo de 25,025 pulgadas británicas"<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>5<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>​ . </p><p>El valor de 1,00106 pulgadas británicas se calcula como la 1/500.000.000 parte del diámetro de la tierra en los polos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencias">Referencias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulgada_piramidal&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar sección: Referencias"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="listaref" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Greaves [probably not the real author], <i>The origin and antiquity of our English weights and measures discover'd: by their near agreement with such standards that are now found in one of the Egyptian pyramids: together with the explanation of divers lines therein heretofore measur'd</i> (London: Printed for G. Sawbridge, 1706).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">John Taylor, <i>The Great Pyramid, Why Was It Built? and Who Built It?</i> (London, 1859).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">However Newton's value for this cubit was somewhat shorter; see Peter Tomkins, <i>Secrets of the Great Pyramid</i> (London: Allen Lane, 1971), p. 30–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">E. M. Reisenauer, "The Battle of the Standards": Great Pyramid Metrology and British Identity, 1859-1890, <i>The Historian</i> 65, no. 4 (Summer 2003): 931–978; E. F. Cox, "The International Institute: First organized opposition to the metric system" <i>Ohio History</i> v. 68: PP. 54–83 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://publications.ohiohistory.org/ohstemplate.cfm?action=detail&Page=006854.html&StartPage=54&EndPage=83&volume=68&newtitle=Volume%2068%20Page%2054">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071226101522/http://publications.ohiohistory.org/ohstemplate.cfm?action=detail&Page=006854.html&StartPage=54&EndPage=83&volume=68&newtitle=Volume%2068%20Page%2054">Archivado</a> el 26 de diciembre de 2007 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">W. M. 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