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id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dextrocardia_of_embryonic_arrest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dextrocardia_of_embryonic_arrest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Dextrocardia of embryonic arrest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dextrocardia_of_embryonic_arrest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dextrocardia_situs_solitus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dextrocardia_situs_solitus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Dextrocardia situs solitus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dextrocardia_situs_solitus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dextrocardia_situs_inversus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dextrocardia_situs_inversus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Dextrocardia situs inversus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dextrocardia_situs_inversus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dextrocardia_with_situs_ambiguus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dextrocardia_with_situs_ambiguus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Dextrocardia with situs ambiguus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dextrocardia_with_situs_ambiguus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diagnosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diagnosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Diagnosis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Diagnosis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dextrocardia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A8_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="قلب يميني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قلب يميني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekstrokardiya" title="Dekstrokardiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dekstrokardiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dextrokardie" title="Dextrokardie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dextrokardie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dextrocardia" title="Dextrocardia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dextrocardia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="راست‌قلبی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راست‌قلبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dextrocardie" title="Dextrocardie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dextrocardie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%8B%AC%EC%A6%9D" title="우심증 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우심증" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%BD%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Աջասրտություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աջասրտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekstrokardi" title="Dekstrokardi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dekstrokardi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destrocardia" title="Destrocardia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Destrocardia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94" title="דקסטרוקרדיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דקסטרוקרדיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Декстрокардия – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Декстрокардия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B3%E8%83%B8%E5%BF%83" title="右胸心 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="右胸心" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekstrokardia" title="Dekstrokardia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dekstrokardia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dextrocardia" title="Dextrocardia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dextrocardia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Декстрокардия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Декстрокардия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Декстрокардија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Декстрокардија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dextrocardia" title="Dextrocardia – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dextrocardia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-medical-condition"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Dextrocardia</th></tr><tr style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Situs_inversus_chest_Nevit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Situs_inversus_chest_Nevit.jpg/220px-Situs_inversus_chest_Nevit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Situs_inversus_chest_Nevit.jpg/330px-Situs_inversus_chest_Nevit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Situs_inversus_chest_Nevit.jpg/440px-Situs_inversus_chest_Nevit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2009" data-file-height="2458" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Chest X ray of a person with dextrocardia <i>situs inversus</i> showing the cardiac apex pointing towards right</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Medical_genetics" title="Medical genetics">Medical genetics</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q579665?uselang=en#P1995" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Dextrocardia</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> <i> dextro</i> 'right hand side' and <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <i> kardia</i> 'heart') is a rare <a href="/wiki/Congenital_condition" class="mw-redirect" title="Congenital condition">congenital condition</a> in which the apex of the <a href="/wiki/Heart" title="Heart">heart</a> is located on the right side of the body, rather than the more typical placement towards the left.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are two main types of dextrocardia: <b>dextrocardia of embryonic arrest</b> (also known as <b>isolated dextrocardia</b>)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and <b>dextrocardia <i><a href="/wiki/Situs_inversus" title="Situs inversus">situs inversus</a></i></b>. Dextrocardia <i>situs inversus</i> is further divided. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dextrocardia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dextrocardia_of_embryonic_arrest">Dextrocardia of embryonic arrest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dextrocardia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Dextrocardia of embryonic arrest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In this form of dextrocardia, the heart is simply placed further right in the <a href="/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax">thorax</a> than is normal. It is commonly associated with severe defects of the heart and related abnormalities including <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_hypoplasia" title="Pulmonary hypoplasia">pulmonary hypoplasia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AbbottMeakins_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AbbottMeakins-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dextrocardia_situs_solitus">Dextrocardia situs solitus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dextrocardia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dextrocardia situs solitus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dextrocardia refers to a heart positioned in the right side of the chest. Situs solitus describes viscera that are in the normal position, with the stomach on the left side.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dextrocardia_situs_inversus">Dextrocardia situs inversus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dextrocardia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dextrocardia situs inversus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dextrocardia situs inversus refers to the heart being a mirror image situated on the right side. For all <a href="/wiki/Viscera" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscera">visceral</a> <a href="/wiki/Organ_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Organ (anatomy)">organs</a> to be mirrored, the correct term is <a href="/wiki/Situs_inversus" title="Situs inversus">dextrocardia situs inversus totalis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JohnsHopkins_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JohnsHopkins-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although statistically people with dextrocardia do not have any medical problems from the disorder, they may be prone to a number of bowel, esophageal, bronchial and cardiovascular disorders (such as double outlet right ventricle, endocardial cushion defect and pulmonary stenosis).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Certain cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders related to dextrocardia can be life-threatening if left unchecked.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kartagener_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Kartagener syndrome">Kartagener syndrome</a> may also be present in patients with dextrocardia but this must be in the setting of situs inversus and may include male infertility.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)"><span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (July 2023)">medical citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dextrocardia_with_situs_ambiguus">Dextrocardia with situs ambiguus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dextrocardia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dextrocardia with situs ambiguus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In contrast to dextrocardia situs inversus which is only rarely associated with congenital heart disease, dextrocardia <a href="/wiki/Situs_ambiguus" title="Situs ambiguus">situs ambiguus</a> is often associated with intracardiac anomalies. Dextrocardia situs ambiguus presents a surgical challenge not per se due to associated cardiac malformation, but because achieving adequate exposure is difficult. Right sided structures such as right atrium, right ventricle and tricuspid valve are oriented posteriorly in dextrocardia situs ambiguus (in contrast to dextrocardia with situs inversus). This presents a challenge to the surgeons operating on the right-sided cardiac structures in a case of dextrocardia situs ambiguus.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnosis">Diagnosis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dextrocardia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Diagnosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Medical_diagnosis" title="Medical diagnosis">Medical diagnosis</a> of the two forms of congenital dextrocardia can be made by ECG<sup id="cite_ref-AbbottMeakins_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AbbottMeakins-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or imaging. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technical_dextrocardia">Technical dextrocardia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dextrocardia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Technical dextrocardia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Technical dextrocardia</b> refers to an ECG reading that has no basis in the patient's anatomy. This apparent presentation is typically caused by the accidental lead placement of the left and right arm electrodes. Usually, this would show as an extreme axis deviation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Management">Management</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dextrocardia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Electrocardiogram" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrocardiogram">ECG</a> leads must be placed in reversed positions on a person with dextrocardia. In addition, when <a href="/wiki/Defibrillation" title="Defibrillation">defibrillating</a> someone with dextrocardia, the pads should be placed in reverse positions.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That is, instead of upper right and lower left, pads should be placed upper left and lower right.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Heart_transplantation" title="Heart transplantation">heart transplantation</a> is required in a person with situs inversus, reconstruction of the venous pathways to accommodate a normal donor heart is a major, but not insurmountable, challenge.<sup id="cite_ref-Deuse2009_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deuse2009-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dextrocardia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Epidemiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dextrocardia is estimated to occur in approximately 1 in 12,019 pregnancies.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> study of 1,753 fetal cardiac <a href="/wiki/Echocardiogram" class="mw-redirect" title="Echocardiogram">echocardiograms</a> over five years revealed only two cases.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dextrocardia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStephenson2012" class="citation book cs1">Stephenson, Susan (2012). <i>Diagnostic Medical Sonography Obstetrics and Gynecology</i>. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatric+Cardiology+and+Cardiac+Surgery&rft.atitle=Clinical+Course+and+Prognosis+of+Minor+Abnormal+Sonographic+Findings+in+Fetal+Echocardiography%3A+Five+Years+of+Experience+at+a+Single+Institute&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=563-568&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.9794%2Fjspccs.30.563&rft.au=Sato%2C+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.9794%252Fjspccs.30.563&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADextrocardia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dextrocardia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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· ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width:100%; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q579665" class="extiw" title="d:Q579665">D</a></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/Q24.0">Q24.0</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes" title="List of ICD-9 codes">9-CM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=746.87">746.87</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D003914">D003914</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Diseases_Database" title="Diseases Database">DiseasesDB</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb3617.htm">3617</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">External resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007326.htm">007326</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/1827/disease">Dextrocardia</a> at <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">NIH</a>'s Office of <a href="/wiki/Rare_disease" title="Rare disease">Rare Diseases</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/6268/disease">Dextrocardia with situs inversus</a> at <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">NIH</a>'s Office of <a href="/wiki/Rare_disease" title="Rare disease">Rare Diseases</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laterality" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Laterality" title="Template:Laterality"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Laterality" title="Template talk:Laterality"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Laterality" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Laterality"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laterality" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Laterality" title="Laterality">Laterality</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:17em">Side </th> <th style="text-align: left;padding-left:1em;">Left </th> <th style="text-align: center;">Both </th> <th style="text-align: right;padding-right:1em;">Right </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;padding-left:1em;">General </th> <td style="text-align: left;padding-left:1em;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Ambidexterity" title="Ambidexterity">Ambidexterity</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;padding-right:1em;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;padding-left:1em;">In cognitive abilities </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Geschwind%E2%80%93Galaburda_hypothesis" title="Geschwind–Galaburda hypothesis">Geschwind–Galaburda hypothesis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;padding-left:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Lateralization_of_brain_function" title="Lateralization of brain function">In brain</a> </th> <td colspan="3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brain_asymmetry" title="Brain asymmetry">Brain asymmetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_brain_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual brain theory">Dual brain theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicameralism_(psychology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameralism (psychology)">Bicameralism</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;padding-left:1em;">In eyes </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ocular_dominance" title="Ocular dominance">Ocular dominance</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;padding-left:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Handedness" title="Handedness">In hands</a> </th> <td style="text-align: left;padding-left:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Handedness" title="Handedness">Left-handedness</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Cross-dominance" title="Cross-dominance">Cross-dominance</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;padding-right:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Handedness" title="Handedness">Right-handedness</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left; padding-left: 2em; font-weight: normal;"><i>Handedness in boxing</i> </th> <td style="text-align: left;padding-left:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Southpaw_stance" title="Southpaw stance">Southpaw stance</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: right;padding-right:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_stance" title="Orthodox stance">Orthodox stance</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left; padding-left: 2em; font-weight: normal;"><i>Handedness in people</i> </th> <td style="text-align: left;padding-left:1em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_musicians_who_play_left-handed" title="List of musicians who play left-handed">Musicians</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: right;padding-right:1em;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left; padding-left: 2em; font-weight: normal;"><i>Handedness related to</i> </th> <td colspan="3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handedness_and_sexual_orientation" title="Handedness and sexual orientation">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handedness_and_mathematical_ability" title="Handedness and mathematical ability">Mathematical ability</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left; padding-left: 2em; font-weight: normal;"><i>Handedness measurement</i> </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Handedness_Inventory" title="Edinburgh Handedness Inventory">Edinburgh Handedness Inventory</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left; padding-left: 2em; font-weight: normal;"><i>Handedness genetics</i> </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/LRRTM1" title="LRRTM1">LRRTM1</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;padding-left:1em;">In heart </th> <td style="text-align: left;padding-left:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Levocardia" title="Levocardia">Levocardia</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: right;padding-right:1em;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dextrocardia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;padding-left:1em;">In major viscera </th> <td style="text-align: left;padding-left:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Situs_solitus" title="Situs solitus">Situs solitus</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Situs_ambiguus" title="Situs ambiguus">Situs ambiguus</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;padding-right:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Situs_inversus" title="Situs inversus">Situs inversus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left;padding-left:1em;">In feet </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Footedness" title="Footedness">Footedness</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: left; padding-left: 2em; font-weight: normal;"><i>Footedness in boardsports</i> </th> <td style="text-align: left;padding-left:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Footedness#In_board_sports" title="Footedness">Regular foot</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: right;padding-right:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Footedness#In_board_sports" title="Footedness">Goofy foot</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Congenital_heart_defects" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Congenital_heart_defects" title="Template:Congenital heart defects"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Congenital_heart_defects" title="Template talk:Congenital heart defects"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Congenital_heart_defects" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Congenital heart defects"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Congenital_heart_defects" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Congenital_heart_defect" title="Congenital heart defect">Congenital heart defects</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heart_septal_defect" title="Heart septal defect">Heart septal defect</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aortopulmonary_septal_defect" title="Aortopulmonary septal defect">Aortopulmonary septal defect</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_outlet_right_ventricle" title="Double outlet right ventricle">Double outlet right ventricle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taussig%E2%80%93Bing_syndrome" title="Taussig–Bing syndrome">Taussig–Bing syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transposition_of_the_great_vessels" title="Transposition of the great vessels">Transposition of the great vessels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dextro-Transposition_of_the_great_arteries" title="Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries">dextro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levo-Transposition_of_the_great_arteries" title="Levo-Transposition of the great arteries">levo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persistent_truncus_arteriosus" title="Persistent truncus arteriosus">Persistent truncus arteriosus</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aortopulmonary_window" title="Aortopulmonary window">Aortopulmonary window</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atrial_septal_defect" title="Atrial septal defect">Atrial septal defect</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinus_venosus_atrial_septal_defect" title="Sinus venosus atrial septal defect">Sinus venosus atrial septal defect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutembacher%27s_syndrome" title="Lutembacher's syndrome">Lutembacher's syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ventricular_septal_defect" title="Ventricular septal defect">Ventricular septal defect</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tetralogy_of_Fallot" title="Tetralogy of Fallot">Tetralogy of Fallot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atrioventricular_septal_defect" title="Atrioventricular septal defect">Atrioventricular septal defect</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ostium_primum_atrial_septal_defect" title="Ostium primum atrial septal defect">Ostium primum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consequences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_shunt" title="Cardiac shunt">Cardiac shunt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyanotic_heart_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyanotic heart disease">Cyanotic heart disease</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenmenger_syndrome" title="Eisenmenger syndrome">Eisenmenger syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Valvular_heart_disease" title="Valvular heart disease">Valvular heart disease</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Right</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_valve" title="Pulmonary valve">pulmonary valves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_valve_stenosis" title="Pulmonary valve stenosis">stenosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_valve_insufficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonary valve insufficiency">insufficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absent_pulmonary_valve_syndrome" title="Absent pulmonary valve syndrome">absence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricuspid_valve" title="Tricuspid valve">tricuspid valves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tricuspid_atresia" title="Tricuspid atresia">atresia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricuspid_regurgitation" title="Tricuspid regurgitation">regurgitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricuspid_valve_stenosis" title="Tricuspid valve stenosis">stenosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebstein%27s_anomaly" title="Ebstein's anomaly">Ebstein's anomaly</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Left</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aortic_valve" title="Aortic valve">aortic valves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aortic_valve_stenosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Aortic valve stenosis">stenosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aortic_insufficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Aortic insufficiency">insufficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicuspid_aortic_valve" title="Bicuspid aortic valve">bicuspid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitral_valve" title="Mitral valve">mitral valves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitral_stenosis" title="Mitral stenosis">stenosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitral_regurgitation" title="Mitral regurgitation">regurgitation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Underdeveloped <a href="/wiki/Heart_chamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart chamber">heart chambers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypoplastic_right_heart_syndrome" title="Hypoplastic right heart syndrome">right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoplastic_left_heart_syndrome" title="Hypoplastic left heart syndrome">left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uhl_anomaly" title="Uhl anomaly">Uhl anomaly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dextrocardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levocardia" title="Levocardia">Levocardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cor_triatriatum" title="Cor triatriatum">Cor triatriatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisscross_heart" title="Crisscross heart">Crisscross heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brugada_syndrome" title="Brugada syndrome">Brugada syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronary_artery_anomaly" title="Coronary artery anomaly">Coronary artery anomaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anomalous_aortic_origin_of_a_coronary_artery" title="Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery">Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventricular_inversion" title="Ventricular inversion">Ventricular inversion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a 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