CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="pt" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Runas – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )ptwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","janeiro","fevereiro","março","abril","maio","junho","julho","agosto","setembro","outubro","novembro","dezembro"],"wgRequestId":"ef49983f-c456-4c70-96ec-f609d6091dbd","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Runas","wgTitle":"Runas","wgCurRevisionId":67510133,"wgRevisionId":67510133,"wgArticleId":109094,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["!CS1 sueco-fontes em língua (sv)","!CS1 inglês-fontes em língua (en)","!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé desde março de 2015","!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé sem indicação de tema","!Páginas que usam sintaxe de imagem obsoleta","!Artigos bons na Wikipédia em alemão","!Artigos destacados na Wikipédia em bielorrusso","!Artigos destacados na Wikipédia em baskir","!Artigos destacados na Wikipédia em russo","!Artigos bons na Wikipédia em islandês" ,"!Artigos destacados na Wikipédia em georgiano","!Artigos com referências deficientes","!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé","!CS1 norueguês-fontes em língua (no)","!Páginas que usam referências com parâmetros obsoletas","Runas","Artes divinatórias","Mitologia nórdica","Espiritualidade","Paganismo"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"pt","wgPageContentLanguage":"pt","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Runas","wgRelevantArticleId":109094,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"pt","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"pt"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000, "wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q82996","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":true,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.30"};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.FeedbackHighlight-base":"ready","ext.gadget.keepPDU":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.Topicon","ext.gadget.Metacaixa","ext.gadget.TitleRewrite","ext.gadget.ElementosOcultaveis","ext.gadget.FeedbackHighlight","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.NewVillagePump","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.requestForAdminship","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.PagesForDeletion","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface", "ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","oojs-ui.styles.icons-media","oojs-ui-core.icons","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pt&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=pt&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pt&modules=ext.gadget.FeedbackHighlight-base%2CkeepPDU&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pt&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/CodexRunicus.jpeg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1757"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/CodexRunicus.jpeg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1172"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/CodexRunicus.jpeg/640px-CodexRunicus.jpeg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="937"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Runas – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//pt.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runas"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Editar" href="/w/index.php?title=Runas&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipédia (pt)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//pt.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runas"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="''Feed'' Atom Wikipédia" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Mudan%C3%A7as_recentes&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Runas rootpage-Runas skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Saltar para o conteúdo</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="''Site''"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegação </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:P%C3%A1gina_principal" title="Visitar a página principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Página principal</span></a></li><li id="n-featuredcontent" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Conte%C3%BAdo_destacado"><span>Conteúdo destacado</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Eventos_atuais" title="Informação temática sobre eventos atuais"><span>Eventos atuais</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Esplanada"><span>Esplanada</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Aleat%C3%B3ria" title="Carregar página aleatória [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Página aleatória</span></a></li><li id="n-portals" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%C3%8Dndice"><span>Portais</span></a></li><li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Informe_um_erro"><span>Informar um erro</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Colaboração </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-welcome" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Boas-vindas"><span>Boas-vindas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:P%C3%A1gina_principal" title="Um local reservado para auxílio."><span>Ajuda</span></a></li><li id="n-Páginas-de-testes-públicas" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:P%C3%A1gina_de_testes"><span>Páginas de testes públicas</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Portal_comunit%C3%A1rio" title="Sobre o projeto"><span>Portal comunitário</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mudan%C3%A7as_recentes" title="Uma lista de mudanças recentes nesta wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mudanças recentes</span></a></li><li id="n-maintenance" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Manuten%C3%A7%C3%A3o"><span>Manutenção</span></a></li><li id="n-createpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Guia_de_edi%C3%A7%C3%A3o/Como_come%C3%A7ar_uma_p%C3%A1gina"><span>Criar página</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_novas"><span>Páginas novas</span></a></li><li id="n-contact-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Contato"><span>Contato</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipédia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pt.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Pesquisar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Pesquisar na Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Busca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Pesquisar na Wikipédia" aria-label="Pesquisar na Wikipédia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Pesquisar na Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Pesquisar"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Pesquisar</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Ferramentas pessoais"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspeto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspeto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspeto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=20120521SB001&uselang=pt" class=""><span>Donativos</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Criar_conta&returnto=Runas" title="É encorajado a criar uma conta e iniciar sessão; no entanto, não é obrigatório" class=""><span>Criar uma conta</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Entrar&returnto=Runas" title="Aconselhamos-lhe a criar uma conta na Wikipédia, embora tal não seja obrigatório. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Entrar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Mais opções" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas pessoais" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas pessoais</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu do utilizador" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=20120521SB001&uselang=pt"><span>Donativos</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Criar_conta&returnto=Runas" title="É encorajado a criar uma conta e iniciar sessão; no entanto, não é obrigatório"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Criar uma conta</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Entrar&returnto=Runas" title="Aconselhamos-lhe a criar uma conta na Wikipédia, embora tal não seja obrigatório. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Entrar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Páginas para editores sem sessão iniciada <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introduction" aria-label="Saiba mais sobre edição"><span>saber mais</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Minhas_contribui%C3%A7%C3%B5es" title="Uma lista de edições feitas a partir deste endereço IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribuições</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Minha_discuss%C3%A3o" title="Discussão sobre edições feitas a partir deste endereço IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eocultar\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="''Site''"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Conteúdo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Conteúdo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Início</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Runemal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Runemal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Runemal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Runemal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origem_Mitológica_das_Runas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origem_Mitológica_das_Runas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Origem Mitológica das Runas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origem_Mitológica_das_Runas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transliteração_do_alfabeto_rúnico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transliteração_do_alfabeto_rúnico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Transliteração do alfabeto rúnico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transliteração_do_alfabeto_rúnico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ver_também" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ver_também"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ver também</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ver_também-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referências" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referências"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referências</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligações_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligações_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ligações externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligações_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Runas</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 83 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune-alfabet" title="Rune-alfabet — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rune-alfabet" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futhark" title="Futhark — alemão suíço" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Futhark" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemão suíço" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fu%C3%BEorc" title="Fuþorc — inglês antigo" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Fuþorc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="inglês antigo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أبجدية رونية — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبجدية رونية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetu_r%C3%BAnicu" title="Alfabetu rúnicu — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alfabetu rúnicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_%C9%99lifbas%C4%B1" title="Run əlifbası — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Run əlifbası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD_%D1%8F%D2%99%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Рун яҙмаһы — bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Рун яҙмаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runen" title="Runen — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Runen" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Руны — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Руны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Руни — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Руни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runo%C3%B9" title="Runoù — bretão" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Runoù" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune" title="Rune — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rune" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_r%C3%BAnic" title="Alfabet rúnic — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alfabet rúnic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runy" title="Runy — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Runy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%C4%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Рунăсем — chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Рунăсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runealfabet" title="Runealfabet — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Runealfabet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bom"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runen" title="Runen — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Runen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabey_Runki" title="Alfabey Runki — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Alfabey Runki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Ρούνοι — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρούνοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune" title="Rune — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rune" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runaj_alfabetoj" title="Runaj alfabetoj — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Runaj alfabetoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_r%C3%BAnico" title="Alfabeto rúnico — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfabeto rúnico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruunid" title="Ruunid — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ruunid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_erruniko" title="Alfabeto erruniko — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alfabeto erruniko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="خط رونی — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خط رونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riimukirjoitus" title="Riimukirjoitus — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Riimukirjoitus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAnir" title="Rúnir — feroês" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Rúnir" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune" title="Rune — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rune" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruunen" title="Ruunen — frísio setentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ruunen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frísio setentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runen" title="Runen — frísico ocidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Runen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frísico ocidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_r%C3%BAnico" title="Alfabeto rúnico — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alfabeto rúnico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍉𐍃 — gótico" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍉𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gótico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbyrlhit_Roonagh" title="Abbyrlhit Roonagh — manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Abbyrlhit Roonagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99" title="אלפבית רוני — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלפבית רוני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="रूनी लिपि — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रूनी लिपि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune" title="Rune — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rune" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAna%C3%ADr%C3%A1s" title="Rúnaírás — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rúnaírás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ռուներ — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_Rune" title="Alfabet Rune — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alfabet Rune" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runo-skribajo" title="Runo-skribajo — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Runo-skribajo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bom"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAnir" title="Rúnir — islandês" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rúnir" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_runico" title="Alfabeto runico — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfabeto runico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="ルーン文字 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルーン文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="რუნები — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუნები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83" title="Руналық жазу — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Руналық жазу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%AC_%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="룬 문자 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="룬 문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runae" title="Runae — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Runae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runas" title="Runas — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Runas" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runos" title="Runos — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Runos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABnu_raksts" title="Rūnu raksts — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rūnu raksts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abidy_ronika" title="Abidy ronika — malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Abidy ronika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Рунска азбука — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рунска азбука" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune" title="Rune — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rune" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC" title="သစ်ထွင်းစာ — birmanês" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သစ်ထွင်းစာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runes_(skrift)" title="Runes (skrift) — baixo-saxão" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Runes (skrift)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baixo-saxão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runen" title="Runen — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Runen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runer" title="Runer — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Runer" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runer" title="Runer — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Runer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_runic" title="Alfabet runic — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alfabet runic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80" title="ਰੂਨੀ ਲਿਪੀ — panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੂਨੀ ਲਿਪੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runy" title="Runy — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Runy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%84%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="رونی لپی — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رونی لپی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run%C4%83" title="Rună — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rună" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Руны — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Руны" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Руналар — sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Руналар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune" title="Rune — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rune" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runes" title="Runes — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Runes" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runy_(germ%C3%A1nske_p%C3%ADsmo)" title="Runy (germánske písmo) — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Runy (germánske písmo)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runa" title="Runa — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Runa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeti_runik" title="Alfabeti runik — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alfabeti runik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Руне — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Руне" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runen" title="Runen — Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Runen" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runor" title="Runor — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Runor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" title="อักษรรูน — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อักษรรูน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runik_yaz%C4%B1" title="Runik yazı — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Runik yazı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Руни — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Руни" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="رونی حروف تہجی — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رونی حروف تہجی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runik_yozuv" title="Runik yozuv — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Runik yozuv" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_Rune" title="Chữ Rune — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chữ Rune" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rune_(abakadahan)" title="Rune (abakadahan) — waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rune (abakadahan)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%99%8F%E5%8C%BF%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="虏匿字母 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="虏匿字母" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%81%A9%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="盧恩字母 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="盧恩字母" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%81%A9%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="盧恩字母 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="盧恩字母" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q82996#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Runas" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discuss%C3%A3o:Runas" rel="discussion" title="Discussão sobre o conteúdo da página [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mudar a variante da língua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">português</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Runas"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runas&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runas&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runas&action=history" title="Edições anteriores desta página. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ferramentas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mais opções" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Operações </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Runas"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runas&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runas&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runas&action=history"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Geral </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_afluentes/Runas" title="Lista de todas as páginas que contêm hiperligações para esta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páginas afluentes</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Altera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_relacionadas/Runas" rel="nofollow" title="Mudanças recentes nas páginas para as quais esta contém hiperligações [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Alterações relacionadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Carregar_ficheiro" title="Carregar ficheiros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Carregar ficheiro</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_especiais" title="Lista de páginas especiais [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiais</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runas&oldid=67510133" title="Hiperligação permanente para esta revisão desta página"><span>Hiperligação permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runas&action=info" title="Mais informações sobre esta página"><span>Informações da página</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Runas&id=67510133&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informação sobre como citar esta página"><span>Citar esta página</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRunas"><span>Obter URL encurtado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRunas"><span>Descarregar código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Livro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Runas"><span>Criar um livro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Runas&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descarregar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runas&printable=yes" title="Versão para impressão desta página [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versão para impressão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Noutros projetos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Runes" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q82996" title="Hiperligação para o elemento do repositório de dados [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspeto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspeto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68971778">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}.mw-parser-output .cmbox{margin:3px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#dfe8ff;box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base)}.mw-parser-output .cmbox-speedy{border:4px solid #b32424;background-color:#ffdbdb}.mw-parser-output .cmbox-delete{background-color:#ffdbdb}.mw-parser-output .cmbox-content{background-color:#ffe7ce}.mw-parser-output .cmbox-style{background-color:#fff9db}.mw-parser-output .cmbox-move{background-color:#e4d8ff}.mw-parser-output .cmbox-protection{background-color:#efefe1}.mw-parser-output .cmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .cmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .cmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .cmbox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .cmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .cmbox{margin:3px 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cmbox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cmbox-delete{background-color:#300}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cmbox-content{background-color:#331a00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cmbox-style{background-color:#332b00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cmbox-move{background-color:#08001a}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cmbox-protection{background-color:#212112}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cmbox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cmbox-delete{background-color:#300}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cmbox-content{background-color:#331a00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cmbox-style{background-color:#332b00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cmbox-move{background-color:#08001a}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cmbox-protection{background-color:#212112}}.mw-parser-output .fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{border:1px solid #bb7070;background-color:#ffdbdb}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{background-color:#683131}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{background-color:#683131}}.mw-parser-output .imbox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:3px solid #36c;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .imbox .mbox-text .imbox{margin:0 -0.5em;display:block}.mw-parser-output .imbox-speedy{border:3px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .imbox-delete{border:3px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .imbox-content{border:3px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .imbox-style{border:3px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .imbox-move{border:3px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .imbox-protection{border:3px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .imbox-license{border:3px solid #88a}.mw-parser-output .imbox-featured{border:3px solid #cba135}.mw-parser-output .imbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .imbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .imbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .imbox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .imbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .imbox{margin:4px 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .imbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .imbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}.mw-parser-output .tmbox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-content{border:1px solid #c0c090}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-style{border:2px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-move{border:2px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmbox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><table class="box-Mais_notas plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Esta página cita fontes, mas não cobrem todo o conteúdo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Esta página <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">cita fontes</a>, mas que <b><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipédia:V">não cobrem</a> todo o conteúdo</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ajude a <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Refer%C3%AAncias_e_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Referências e notas de rodapé">inserir referências</a> (<small><i>Encontre fontes:</i> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/">ABW</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br">CAPES</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&as_epq=Runas">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=pt&tbm=nws&q=Runas&oq=Runas">N</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_epq=Runas">L</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=pt&q=Runas">A</a>)</span></small>).</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Março de 2015</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox infobox_v2" cellpadding="3" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="topo padrao" style="text-align:center; background-color:#B0C4DE"><span class="">Runas</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:CodexRunicus.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/CodexRunicus.jpeg/250px-CodexRunicus.jpeg" decoding="async" width="250" height="366" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/CodexRunicus.jpeg/375px-CodexRunicus.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/CodexRunicus.jpeg/500px-CodexRunicus.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="775" data-file-height="1135" /></a></span><br /><span style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><i><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3dice_R%C3%BAnico" class="mw-redirect" title="Códice Rúnico">Códice Rúnico</a></i> - um pergaminho do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XIII</span> com a <a href="/wiki/Lei_da_Esc%C3%A2nia" title="Lei da Escânia">Lei da Escânia</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding-right:0.6em;">Tipo </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Alfabeto" title="Alfabeto">Alfabeto</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding-right:0.6em;">Línguas </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_germ%C3%A2nicas" title="Línguas germânicas">Línguas germânicas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Período de tempo</div> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">Século II – presente </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Sistemas-pais</div> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_fen%C3%ADcio" title="Alfabeto fenício">Alfabeto fenício</a><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_Grego" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfabeto Grego">Alfabeto Grego</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabeto_Cumae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabeto Cumae (página não existe)">Variante Cumae</a>)<ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Antigas_escritas_it%C3%A1licas" title="Antigas escritas itálicas">Alfabeto Itálico Antigo</a>?<ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Runas</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:01_Runes_of_the_Elder_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_%C3%A4lteren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/01_Runes_of_the_Elder_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_%C3%A4lteren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg/220px-01_Runes_of_the_Elder_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_%C3%A4lteren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/01_Runes_of_the_Elder_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_%C3%A4lteren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg/330px-01_Runes_of_the_Elder_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_%C3%A4lteren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/01_Runes_of_the_Elder_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_%C3%A4lteren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg/440px-01_Runes_of_the_Elder_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_%C3%A4lteren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1815" data-file-height="1467" /></a><figcaption>Alfabeto rúnico antigo (<i><a href="/wiki/Futhark_antigo" title="Futhark antigo">Futhark antigo</a></i>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:%C3%96g165_Runsten_vid_V%C3%A5rfrukyrkan,_Sk%C3%A4nninge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/%C3%96g165_Runsten_vid_V%C3%A5rfrukyrkan%2C_Sk%C3%A4nninge.jpg/220px-%C3%96g165_Runsten_vid_V%C3%A5rfrukyrkan%2C_Sk%C3%A4nninge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="377" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/%C3%96g165_Runsten_vid_V%C3%A5rfrukyrkan%2C_Sk%C3%A4nninge.jpg/330px-%C3%96g165_Runsten_vid_V%C3%A5rfrukyrkan%2C_Sk%C3%A4nninge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/%C3%96g165_Runsten_vid_V%C3%A5rfrukyrkan%2C_Sk%C3%A4nninge.jpg/440px-%C3%96g165_Runsten_vid_V%C3%A5rfrukyrkan%2C_Sk%C3%A4nninge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="705" data-file-height="1209" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pedra_r%C3%BAnica_de_Sk%C3%A4nninge" title="Pedra rúnica de Skänninge">Pedra rúnica de Skänninge</a> com runas do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XI</span> em <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A4nninge" title="Skänninge">Skänninge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A9cia" title="Suécia">Suécia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Viking_futhark_on_bone_lund_sweden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Viking_futhark_on_bone_lund_sweden.jpg/220px-Viking_futhark_on_bone_lund_sweden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Viking_futhark_on_bone_lund_sweden.jpg/330px-Viking_futhark_on_bone_lund_sweden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Viking_futhark_on_bone_lund_sweden.jpg/440px-Viking_futhark_on_bone_lund_sweden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2166" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>Osso com alfabeto rúnico, encontrado em <a href="/wiki/Lund_(Su%C3%A9cia)" title="Lund (Suécia)">Lund</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Saleby_kyrkklocka,_V%C3%A4sterg%C3%B6tland.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Saleby_kyrkklocka%2C_V%C3%A4sterg%C3%B6tland.png/220px-Saleby_kyrkklocka%2C_V%C3%A4sterg%C3%B6tland.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Saleby_kyrkklocka%2C_V%C3%A4sterg%C3%B6tland.png 1.5x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="453" /></a><figcaption>Sino da Igreja de Saleby, com inscrições rúnicas de 1228</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Kam-med-runer-fra-Vimose_DO-4148_2000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Kam-med-runer-fra-Vimose_DO-4148_2000.jpg/220px-Kam-med-runer-fra-Vimose_DO-4148_2000.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Kam-med-runer-fra-Vimose_DO-4148_2000.jpg/330px-Kam-med-runer-fra-Vimose_DO-4148_2000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Kam-med-runer-fra-Vimose_DO-4148_2000.jpg/440px-Kam-med-runer-fra-Vimose_DO-4148_2000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1616" /></a><figcaption>Pente de Vimose (<a href="/wiki/Dinamarca" title="Dinamarca">Dinamarca</a>) com a inscrição rúnica mais antiga que se conhece - <i><b>harja</b></i> (possivelmente o nome do dono do pente)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaugen2013135_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaugen2013135-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Guldhornene.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Guldhornene.jpg/220px-Guldhornene.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Guldhornene.jpg/330px-Guldhornene.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Guldhornene.jpg/440px-Guldhornene.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Cornos de ouro de Gallehus, contendo uma inscrição em <a href="/wiki/Proton%C3%B3rdico" title="Protonórdico">nórdico primitivo</a>, encontrados na <a href="/wiki/Dinamarca" title="Dinamarca">Dinamarca</a> e datados para o <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século V</span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:H%C3%B8je_taastrup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/H%C3%B8je_taastrup.jpg/220px-H%C3%B8je_taastrup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/H%C3%B8je_taastrup.jpg/330px-H%C3%B8je_taastrup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/H%C3%B8je_taastrup.jpg/440px-H%C3%B8je_taastrup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="831" /></a><figcaption>Pedra de Kallerup, achada na Dinamarca e datada para o <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século VIII</span></figcaption></figure> <p>As <b>runas</b> são letras características, usadas para escrever nas <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_germ%C3%A2nicas" title="Línguas germânicas">línguas germânicas</a> da Europa do Norte, sobretudo <a href="/wiki/Escandin%C3%A1via" title="Escandinávia">Escandinávia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reino_Unido" title="Reino Unido">ilhas Britânicas</a> e <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a> (regiões habitadas pelos <a href="/wiki/Germanos" title="Germanos">povos germânicos</a>) desde o <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século II</span> ao XI. Tais caracteres têm sido encontrados em <a href="/wiki/Pedra_r%C3%BAnica" title="Pedra rúnica">pedras rúnicas</a>, e em menor número em ossos e peças de madeira, assim como em pergaminhos e placas metálicas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagnusson200476_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagnusson200476-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEnciclopédia_Norstedts20081097_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEnciclopédia_Norstedts20081097-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mi833_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mi833-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuceniecks20145-10_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuceniecks20145-10-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBirro2014_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBirro2014-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="color:gray;white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes"><span title="Esta citação necessita de uma referência à(s) página(s) nas quais o texto se fundamenta.">falta página</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Runic_letter_fehu.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Fehu"><img alt="Fehu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Runic_letter_fehu.png/24px-Runic_letter_fehu.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Runic_letter_fehu.png/36px-Runic_letter_fehu.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Runic_letter_fehu.png/48px-Runic_letter_fehu.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>f</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Runic_letter_uruz.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Uruz"><img alt="Uruz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Runic_letter_uruz.png/24px-Runic_letter_uruz.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Runic_letter_uruz.png/36px-Runic_letter_uruz.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Runic_letter_uruz.png/48px-Runic_letter_uruz.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>u</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Runic_letter_thurisaz.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Þurisaz"><img alt="Þurisaz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Runic_letter_thurisaz.png/24px-Runic_letter_thurisaz.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Runic_letter_thurisaz.png/36px-Runic_letter_thurisaz.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Runic_letter_thurisaz.png/48px-Runic_letter_thurisaz.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>þ</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Runic_letter_ansuz.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ansuz"><img alt="Ansuz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Runic_letter_ansuz.png/24px-Runic_letter_ansuz.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Runic_letter_ansuz.png/36px-Runic_letter_ansuz.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Runic_letter_ansuz.png/48px-Runic_letter_ansuz.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>a</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Runic_letter_raido.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Raido"><img alt="Raido" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Runic_letter_raido.png/24px-Runic_letter_raido.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Runic_letter_raido.png/36px-Runic_letter_raido.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Runic_letter_raido.png/48px-Runic_letter_raido.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>r</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Runic_letter_kauna.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Kaunan"><img alt="Kaunan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Runic_letter_kauna.png/24px-Runic_letter_kauna.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Runic_letter_kauna.png/36px-Runic_letter_kauna.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Runic_letter_kauna.png/48px-Runic_letter_kauna.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>k</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Runic_letter_gebo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Gebo"><img alt="Gebo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Runic_letter_gebo.png/24px-Runic_letter_gebo.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Runic_letter_gebo.png/36px-Runic_letter_gebo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Runic_letter_gebo.png/48px-Runic_letter_gebo.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>g</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Runic_letter_wunjo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Wunjo"><img alt="Wunjo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Runic_letter_wunjo.png/24px-Runic_letter_wunjo.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Runic_letter_wunjo.png/36px-Runic_letter_wunjo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Runic_letter_wunjo.png/48px-Runic_letter_wunjo.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>w</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Runic_letter_haglaz.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Haglaz"><img alt="Haglaz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Runic_letter_haglaz.png/24px-Runic_letter_haglaz.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Runic_letter_haglaz.png/36px-Runic_letter_haglaz.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Runic_letter_haglaz.png/48px-Runic_letter_haglaz.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>h</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Runic_letter_naudiz.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Naudiz"><img alt="Naudiz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Runic_letter_naudiz.png/24px-Runic_letter_naudiz.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Runic_letter_naudiz.png/36px-Runic_letter_naudiz.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Runic_letter_naudiz.png/48px-Runic_letter_naudiz.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>n</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Runic_letter_isaz.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Isaz"><img alt="Isaz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Runic_letter_isaz.png/24px-Runic_letter_isaz.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Runic_letter_isaz.png/36px-Runic_letter_isaz.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Runic_letter_isaz.png/48px-Runic_letter_isaz.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>i</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Runic_letter_jeran.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Jeran"><img alt="Jeran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Runic_letter_jeran.png/24px-Runic_letter_jeran.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Runic_letter_jeran.png/36px-Runic_letter_jeran.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Runic_letter_jeran.png/48px-Runic_letter_jeran.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>j</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Runic_letter_iwaz.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Eihwaz"><img alt="Eihwaz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Runic_letter_iwaz.png/24px-Runic_letter_iwaz.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Runic_letter_iwaz.png/36px-Runic_letter_iwaz.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Runic_letter_iwaz.png/48px-Runic_letter_iwaz.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>ï</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Runic_letter_pertho.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Perþo"><img alt="Perþo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Runic_letter_pertho.png/24px-Runic_letter_pertho.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Runic_letter_pertho.png/36px-Runic_letter_pertho.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Runic_letter_pertho.png/48px-Runic_letter_pertho.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>p</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Runic_letter_algiz.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Algiz"><img alt="Algiz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Runic_letter_algiz.png/24px-Runic_letter_algiz.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Runic_letter_algiz.png/36px-Runic_letter_algiz.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Runic_letter_algiz.png/48px-Runic_letter_algiz.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>z</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Runic_letter_sowilo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Sowilo"><img alt="Sowilo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Runic_letter_sowilo.png/24px-Runic_letter_sowilo.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Runic_letter_sowilo.png/36px-Runic_letter_sowilo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Runic_letter_sowilo.png/48px-Runic_letter_sowilo.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>s</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Runic_letter_tiwaz.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Tiwaz"><img alt="Tiwaz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Runic_letter_tiwaz.png/24px-Runic_letter_tiwaz.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Runic_letter_tiwaz.png/36px-Runic_letter_tiwaz.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Runic_letter_tiwaz.png/48px-Runic_letter_tiwaz.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>t</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Runic_letter_berkanan.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Berkanan"><img alt="Berkanan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Runic_letter_berkanan.png/24px-Runic_letter_berkanan.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Runic_letter_berkanan.png/36px-Runic_letter_berkanan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Runic_letter_berkanan.png/48px-Runic_letter_berkanan.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>b</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Runic_letter_ehwaz.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ehwaz"><img alt="Ehwaz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Runic_letter_ehwaz.png/24px-Runic_letter_ehwaz.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Runic_letter_ehwaz.png/36px-Runic_letter_ehwaz.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Runic_letter_ehwaz.png/48px-Runic_letter_ehwaz.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>e</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Runic_letter_mannaz.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Mannaz"><img alt="Mannaz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Runic_letter_mannaz.png/24px-Runic_letter_mannaz.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Runic_letter_mannaz.png/36px-Runic_letter_mannaz.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Runic_letter_mannaz.png/48px-Runic_letter_mannaz.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>m</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Runic_letter_laukaz.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Laukaz"><img alt="Laukaz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Runic_letter_laukaz.png/24px-Runic_letter_laukaz.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Runic_letter_laukaz.png/36px-Runic_letter_laukaz.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Runic_letter_laukaz.png/48px-Runic_letter_laukaz.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>l</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Runic_letter_ingwaz.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ingwaz"><img alt="Ingwaz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Runic_letter_ingwaz.png/24px-Runic_letter_ingwaz.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Runic_letter_ingwaz.png/36px-Runic_letter_ingwaz.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Runic_letter_ingwaz.png/48px-Runic_letter_ingwaz.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>ŋ</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Runic_letter_dagaz.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Dagaz"><img alt="Dagaz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Runic_letter_dagaz.png/24px-Runic_letter_dagaz.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Runic_letter_dagaz.png/36px-Runic_letter_dagaz.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Runic_letter_dagaz.png/48px-Runic_letter_dagaz.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>d</b></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Runic_letter_othalan.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Oþalan"><img alt="Oþalan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Runic_letter_othalan.png/24px-Runic_letter_othalan.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Runic_letter_othalan.png/36px-Runic_letter_othalan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Runic_letter_othalan.png/48px-Runic_letter_othalan.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>o</b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>As inscrições rúnicas mais antigas datam de cerca do ano 150. O alfabeto rúnico foi sucessivamente substituído pelo <a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_latino" title="Alfabeto latino">alfabeto latino</a>, com o <a href="/wiki/Cristianiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Cristianização">avanço do cristianismo</a> na <a href="/wiki/Europa_Central" title="Europa Central">Europa Central</a>, no <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século VI</span>, e na <a href="/wiki/Escandin%C3%A1via" title="Escandinávia">Escandinávia</a>, no <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XI</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mi833_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mi833-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> O alfabeto rúnico germânico primitivo tinha 24 runas, e era usado nas atuais <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinamarca" title="Dinamarca">Dinamarca</a> e <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A9cia" title="Suécia">Suécia</a>, desde a época inicial. A lista ordenada das runas é conhecida como <a href="/wiki/Futhark_antigo" title="Futhark antigo">Futhark antigo</a> (devido às suas primeiras seis letras serem 'F', 'U' 'Th', 'A', 'R', e 'K' - <b>ᚠᚢᚦᚨᚱᚴ</b>), e foi usada até à <a href="/wiki/Idade_M%C3%A9dia" title="Idade Média">Idade Média</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaugen2013138_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaugen2013138-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <center><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Kylverstenen_futhark.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alfabeto rúnico, na Pedra de Klyver, datada de 400"><img alt="Alfabeto rúnico, na Pedra de Klyver, datada de 400" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Kylverstenen_futhark.jpg/400px-Kylverstenen_futhark.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Kylverstenen_futhark.jpg/600px-Kylverstenen_futhark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Kylverstenen_futhark.jpg/800px-Kylverstenen_futhark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="857" data-file-height="140" /></a></span></center> <p>Na Escandinávia - Dinamarca, Suécia e <a href="/wiki/Noruega" title="Noruega">Noruega</a>, as inscrições mais antigas que se conhecem, usavam esses 24 caracteres, tendo todavia esse alfabeto inicial sido sucessivamente reduzido a apenas 16 caracteres — o <a href="/wiki/Futhark_recente" title="Futhark recente">Futhark recente</a>, também conhecido como "runas escandinavas".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaugen2013154_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaugen2013154-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <center><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Runen_nordisch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Runen_nordisch.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="136" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="120" /></a></span></center> <p>A versão anglo-saxónica, com 28 caracteres, é conhecida como <a href="/wiki/Escrita_futhorc" title="Escrita futhorc">Futhorc</a> (um nome também com origem nas primeiras letras deste alfabeto).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <center><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Beagnoth_Seax_Futhorc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Beagnoth_Seax_Futhorc.jpg/400px-Beagnoth_Seax_Futhorc.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Beagnoth_Seax_Futhorc.jpg/600px-Beagnoth_Seax_Futhorc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Beagnoth_Seax_Futhorc.jpg/800px-Beagnoth_Seax_Futhorc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="969" data-file-height="74" /></a></span></center> <p>Contudo, o uso de runas persistiu para propósitos especializados, principalmente na <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncias_da_Su%C3%A9cia" title="Províncias da Suécia">província histórica sueca</a> de <a href="/wiki/Dalarna" title="Dalarna">Dalarna</a> até ao início do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XIX</span> (usado principalmente para decoração e em calendários rúnicos). <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> Além do alfabeto, a cultura germânica antiga possuía um <a href="/wiki/Calend%C3%A1rio_r%C3%BAnico" title="Calendário rúnico">calendário rúnico</a>, cujo ano se iniciava no dia 23 de junho, representado pela runa <b>Feob</b>. <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> <span style="color:gray"><sup>[</sup></span><sup><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes"><span title="Esta afirmação precisa de uma referência para confirmá-la." style="color:gray"><i>carece de fontes</i></span></a><span class="printfooter">?</span><span style="color:gray">]</span></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Runemal">Runemal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runas&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Runemal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runas&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Runemal"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:02_Runes_of_the_Younger_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_j%C3%BCngeren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/02_Runes_of_the_Younger_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_j%C3%BCngeren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg/220px-02_Runes_of_the_Younger_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_j%C3%BCngeren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/02_Runes_of_the_Younger_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_j%C3%BCngeren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg/330px-02_Runes_of_the_Younger_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_j%C3%BCngeren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/02_Runes_of_the_Younger_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_j%C3%BCngeren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg/440px-02_Runes_of_the_Younger_Futhark_painted_on_little_stones_-_Runen_des_j%C3%BCngeren_Futhark_auf_kleine_Steine_gemalt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2599" data-file-height="1309" /></a><figcaption>Runemal com 16 peças</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Runemal</b> era a arte do uso de alfabetos rúnicos para obter respostas, como um <a href="/wiki/Or%C3%A1culo" title="Oráculo">oráculo</a>, instrumento usado pelos iniciados nesta arte desde o pré-cristianismo para o auto-conhecimento. Arte denominada de pagã pelo cristianismo.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origem_Mitológica_das_Runas"><span id="Origem_Mitol.C3.B3gica_das_Runas"></span>Origem Mitológica das Runas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runas&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Origem Mitológica das Runas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runas&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Origem Mitológica das Runas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Contam as lendas víkings que os deuses moravam em <a href="/wiki/Asgarde" class="mw-redirect" title="Asgarde">Asgard</a>, um lugar localizado no topo de <a href="/wiki/Yggdrasil" title="Yggdrasil">Yggdrasil</a>, a Árvore que sustenta os nove mundos. Nesta árvore, o deus <a href="/wiki/Odin" title="Odin">Odin</a> conheceu a sua maior provação e descobriu o mistério da sabedoria: as Runas. Alguns versos da <a href="/wiki/Edda_em_verso" title="Edda em verso">Edda poética</a>, um livro de poemas compostos entre os séculos IX e XIII, contam esta aventura de Odin em algumas de suas estrofes:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStålbom199414-18_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStålbom199414-18-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="cquote" role="presentation" style="margin:auto; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; color: inherit; background-color: transparent; width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px 10px;">“ </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">"Sei que fiquei pendurado naquela árvore fustigada pelo vento, <p>Lá balancei por nove longas noites, </p><p>Ferido por minha própria lâmina, sacrificado a Odim, </p><p>Eu em oferenda a mim mesmo: </p><p>Amarrado à árvore </p><p>De raízes desconhecidas. </p><p>Ninguém me deu pão, </p><p>Ninguém me deu de beber. </p><p>Meus olhos se voltaram para as mais entranháveis profundezas, </p><p>Até que vi as Runas. </p><p>Com um grito ensurdecedor peguei-as, </p><p>E, então, tão fraco estava que caí. </p><p>Ganhei bem-estar </p><p>E sabedoria também. </p><p>Uma palavra, e depois a seguinte, </p><p>conduziram-me à terceira, </p><p>De um feito para outro feito." </p> </td> <td style="width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px 10px;">” </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Esta é a criação mítica das Runas, na qual o sacrifício de Odin (que logo depois foi ressuscitado por magia) trouxe para a humanidade essa escrita alfabética antiga, cujas letras possuíam nomes significativos e sons também significativos, e que eram utilizadas na poesia, nas inscrições e nas adivinhações, mas que nunca chegaram a ser uma língua falada.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transliteração_do_alfabeto_rúnico"><span id="Translitera.C3.A7.C3.A3o_do_alfabeto_r.C3.BAnico"></span>Transliteração do alfabeto rúnico</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runas&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Transliteração do alfabeto rúnico" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runas&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Transliteração do alfabeto rúnico"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Rúnico </th> <th colspan="2">Latino </th></tr> <tr> <td>Complexo </td> <td>Simplificado </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚠ </td> <td>F </td> <td>F </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚡ </td> <td>V </td> <td>V </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚢ </td> <td>U </td> <td>U </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚣ </td> <td>Ʀ </td> <td>Yr </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚤ </td> <td>Y </td> <td>Y </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚥ </td> <td>W </td> <td>W </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚦ </td> <td>Þ </td> <td>TH </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚧ </td> <td>Ð </td> <td>D </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚨ </td> <td>A </td> <td>A </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚩ </td> <td>Ô </td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚪ </td> <td>Â </td> <td>A </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚫ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚬ </td> <td>Ō </td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚭ </td> <td>Ŏ </td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚮ </td> <td>Ó </td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚯ </td> <td>Œ </td> <td>Œ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚰ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚱ </td> <td>R </td> <td>R </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚲ </td> <td>K̂ </td> <td>K </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚳ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚴ </td> <td>K </td> <td>K </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚵ </td> <td>G </td> <td>G </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚶ </td> <td>Ŋ </td> <td>NG </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚷ </td> <td>Ĝ </td> <td>G </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚸ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚹ </td> <td>Ƿ </td> <td>W </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚺ </td> <td>H </td> <td>H </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚻ </td> <td>Ĥ </td> <td>H </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚼ </td> <td>Ȟ </td> <td>H </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚽ </td> <td>Ḩ </td> <td>H </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚾ </td> <td>N </td> <td>N </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᚿ </td> <td>Ņ </td> <td>N </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛀ </td> <td>Ṅ </td> <td>N </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛁ </td> <td>I </td> <td>I </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛂ </td> <td>E </td> <td>E </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛃ </td> <td>J </td> <td>J </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛄ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛅ </td> <td>Ǣ </td> <td>Æ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛆ </td> <td>Ă </td> <td>A </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛇ </td> <td> <p><span lang="LA">Æ</span> </p> </td> <td>Æ </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛈ </td> <td>P </td> <td>P </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛉ </td> <td>Ẑ </td> <td>Z </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛊ </td> <td>S </td> <td>S </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛋ </td> <td>Š </td> <td>S </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛌ </td> <td>Ş </td> <td>S </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛍ </td> <td>C </td> <td>C </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛎ </td> <td>Z </td> <td>Z </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛏ </td> <td>T </td> <td>T </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛐ </td> <td>Ţ </td> <td>T </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛑ </td> <td>D </td> <td>D </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛒ </td> <td>B </td> <td>B </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛓ </td> <td>B̧ </td> <td>B </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛔ </td> <td>Ṗ </td> <td>P </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛕ </td> <td>Ṕ </td> <td>P </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛖ </td> <td>Ê </td> <td>E </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛗ </td> <td>M </td> <td>M </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛘ </td> <td>M̌ </td> <td>M </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛙ </td> <td>M̧ </td> <td>M </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛚ </td> <td>L </td> <td>L </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛛ </td> <td>Ŀ </td> <td>L </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛜ </td> <td>Nᵍ </td> <td>NG </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛝ </td> <td>N̂ᵍ </td> <td>NG </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛞ </td> <td>D̂ </td> <td>D </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛟ </td> <td>Ò </td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛠ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛡ </td> <td>IOR </td> <td>IOR </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛢ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛣ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛤ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛥ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛦ </td> <td>Ʀ̌ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛧ </td> <td>Ʀ̧ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛨ </td> <td>Ʀ̂ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛩ </td> <td>Q </td> <td>Q </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛪ </td> <td>X </td> <td>X </td></tr> <tr> <td>᛫ </td> <td>. </td> <td>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>᛬ </td> <td> <p>: </p> </td> <td> <p>: </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>᛭ </td> </tr></tbody><caption> </caption> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>ᛮ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛯ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ᛰ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runas&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runas&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedra_r%C3%BAnica" title="Pedra rúnica">Pedra rúnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siglas_poveiras" title="Siglas poveiras">Siglas poveiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futhark_antigo" title="Futhark antigo">Futhark antigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futhark_recente" title="Futhark recente">Futhark recente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escrita_futhorc" title="Escrita futhorc">Escrita futhorc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marca_de_casa" title="Marca de casa">Marca de casa</a></li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaugen2013135-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaugen2013135_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaugen2013">Haugen 2013</a>, p. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMagnusson200476-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMagnusson200476_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMagnusson2004">Magnusson 2004</a>, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEnciclopédia_Norstedts20081097-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEnciclopédia_Norstedts20081097_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEnciclopédia_Norstedts2008">Enciclopédia Norstedts 2008</a>, p. 1097.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mi833-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mi833_4-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mi833_4-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiranda2007">Miranda 2007</a>, p. 833.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuceniecks20145-10-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuceniecks20145-10_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMuceniecks2014">Muceniecks 2014</a>, p. 5-10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBirro2014-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBirro2014_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBirro2014">Birro 2014</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.svenskakyrkan.se/akerbo/runlasning">«Så läser du runor (<i>Como ler as runas</i>)»</a> (em sueco). <a href="/wiki/Igreja_da_Su%C3%A9cia" title="Igreja da Suécia">Igreja da Suécia</a> – Svenska kyrkan<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 14 de março de 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARunas&rft.btitle=S%C3%A5+l%C3%A4ser+du+runor+%28Como+ler+as+runas%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Igreja+da+Su%C3%A9cia+%93+Svenska+kyrkan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.svenskakyrkan.se%2Fakerbo%2Frunlasning&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaugen2013138-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaugen2013138_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaugen2013">Haugen 2013</a>, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaugen2013154-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaugen2013154_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaugen2013">Haugen 2013</a>, p. 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Jaan Puhvel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/epigraphy#ref523542">«Epigraphy»</a> (em inglês). <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> (<i>Enciclopédia Britânica</i>)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 13 de março de 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARunas&rft.au=Jaan+Puhvel&rft.btitle=Epigraphy&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+%28%27%27Enciclop%C3%A9dia+Brit%C3%A2nica%27%27%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fepigraphy%23ref523542&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.raa.se/kulturarv/runor-och-runstenar/runskolan/runor-efter-vikingatiden/">«Runor efter vikingatiden - Vad är dalrunor? (<i>As runas depois da Era dos Vikings - O que são as runas dalecarlianas?</i>)»</a> (em sueco). Riksantivarieämbetet (<i><a href="/wiki/Autoridade_Nacional_da_Heran%C3%A7a_Cultural_(Su%C3%A9cia)" title="Autoridade Nacional da Herança Cultural (Suécia)">Autoridade Nacional da Herança Cultural (Suécia)</a></i>)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 14 de março de 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARunas&rft.btitle=Runor+efter+vikingatiden+-+Vad+%C3%A4r+dalrunor%3F+%28As+runas+depois+da+Era+dos+Vikings+-+O+que+s%C3%A3o+as+runas+dalecarlianas%3F%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Riksantivarie%C3%A4mbetet+%28%27%27Autoridade+Nacional+da+Heran%C3%A7a+Cultural+%28Su%C3%A9cia%29%27%27%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.raa.se%2Fkulturarv%2Frunor-och-runstenar%2Frunskolan%2Frunor-efter-vikingatiden%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/dalrunor">«Dalrunor (<i>Runas dalecarlianas</i>)»</a> (em sueco). <a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">Nationalencyklopedin</a> (<i>Enciclopédia Nacional Sueca</i>)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 14 de março de 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARunas&rft.btitle=Dalrunor+%28Runas+dalecarlianas%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Nationalencyklopedin+%28%27%27Enciclop%C3%A9dia+Nacional+Sueca%27%27%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.se%2Fuppslagsverk%2Fencyklopedi%2Fl%25C3%25A5ng%2Fdalrunor&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Birro, Renan Marques. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.snh2015.anpuh.org/resources/anais/39/1427849591_ARQUIVO_Texto.ANPUH.pdf">«As representações das runestones entre os antiquários escandinavos (sécs.XVIXVII)»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. XXVIII Simpósio Nacional de História<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 19 de fevereiro de 2024</span>. <q>Entre os documentos enviados, havia um calendário rúnico com início em 1328.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARunas&rft.aufirst=Renan+Marques&rft.aulast=Birro&rft.btitle=As+representa%C3%A7%C3%B5es+das+runestones+entre+os+antiqu%C3%A1rios+escandinavos+%28s%C3%A9cs.XVIXVII%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=XXVIII+Simp%C3%B3sio+Nacional+de+Hist%C3%B3ria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.snh2015.anpuh.org%2Fresources%2Fanais%2F39%2F1427849591_ARQUIVO_Texto.ANPUH.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Ralph Blum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/35125330/O_Livro_de_Runas_-_Um_Manual_para_o_Uso_de_um_Oraculo_Antigo_As_Runas_Vikings__de_Ralph_H._Blum.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1552900300&Signature=GdMeCQAatuk3Yk4i7BeIaDDJ6ko%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DO_Livro_de_Runas_-_Um_Manual_para_o_Uso.pdf">«1. O oráculo do eu»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>O livro de runas</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 18 de março de 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARunas&rft.atitle=1.+O+or%C3%A1culo+do+eu&rft.au=Ralph+Blum&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=O+livro+de+runas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fs3.amazonaws.com%2Facademia.edu.documents%2F35125330%2FO_Livro_de_Runas_-_Um_Manual_para_o_Uso_de_um_Oraculo_Antigo_As_Runas_Vikings__de_Ralph_H._Blum.pdf%3FAWSAccessKeyId%3DAKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A%26Expires%3D1552900300%26Signature%3DGdMeCQAatuk3Yk4i7BeIaDDJ6ko%253D%26response-content-disposition%3Dinline%253B%2520filename%253DO_Livro_de_Runas_-_Um_Manual_para_o_Uso.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStålbom199414-18-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStålbom199414-18_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStålbom1994">Stålbom 1994</a>, p. 14-18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Ralph Blum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/35125330/O_Livro_de_Runas_-_Um_Manual_para_o_Uso_de_um_Oraculo_Antigo_As_Runas_Vikings__de_Ralph_H._Blum.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1552900300&Signature=GdMeCQAatuk3Yk4i7BeIaDDJ6ko%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DO_Livro_de_Runas_-_Um_Manual_para_o_Uso.pdf">«2. O ressurgimento das runas»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>O livro de runas</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 18 de março de 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARunas&rft.atitle=2.+O+ressurgimento+das+runas&rft.au=Ralph+Blum&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=O+livro+de+runas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fs3.amazonaws.com%2Facademia.edu.documents%2F35125330%2FO_Livro_de_Runas_-_Um_Manual_para_o_Uso_de_um_Oraculo_Antigo_As_Runas_Vikings__de_Ralph_H._Blum.pdf%3FAWSAccessKeyId%3DAKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A%26Expires%3D1552900300%26Signature%3DGdMeCQAatuk3Yk4i7BeIaDDJ6ko%253D%26response-content-disposition%3Dinline%253B%2520filename%253DO_Livro_de_Runas_-_Um_Manual_para_o_Uso.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runas&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar secção: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runas&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Bibliografia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r60995074">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBirro2014" class="citation journal">Birro, Renan M. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/12427216/Uma_brev%C3%ADssima_introdu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_sobre_as_runas_e_o_estudo_das_runas">«Uma brevíssima introdução sobre as runas e o estudo das runas»</a>. Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. <i>Fato & Versões</i> (2). <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1983-1293">1983-1293</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARunas&rft.atitle=Uma+brev%C3ssima+introdu%C3%A7%C3%A3o+sobre+as+runas+e+o+estudo+das+runas&rft.aufirst=Renan+M.&rft.aulast=Birro&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1983-1293&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Fato+%26+Vers%C3%B5es&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F12427216%2FUma_brev%25C3%25ADssima_introdu%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o_sobre_as_runas_e_o_estudo_das_runas&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFHaugen2013" class="citation book">Haugen, Odd Einar (2013). <i>Den eldre futharken</i> [<i>O Futhark antigo</i>]. <i>Handbok i norrøn filologi</i> (em norueguês). Bergen: Fagbokforlaget. 797 páginas. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-82-450-1109-8" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-82-450-1109-8">978-82-450-1109-8</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARunas&rft.aufirst=Odd+Einar&rft.aulast=Haugen&rft.btitle=Den+eldre+futharken&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-82-450-1109-8&rft.place=Bergen&rft.pub=Fagbokforlaget&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFMagnusson2004" class="citation book">Magnusson, Thomas; Sjögren, Peter A. (2004). «Runorna». <i><a href="/wiki/Vad_varje_svensk_b%C3%B6r_veta" title="Vad varje svensk bör veta">Vad varje svensk bör veta</a> (O que todos os suecos devem saber)</i> (em sueco). Estocolmo: <a href="/wiki/Editora_Bonnier" title="Editora Bonnier">Albert Bonniers Förlag</a> e Publisher Produktion AB. 654 páginas. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/91-0-010680-1" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/91-0-010680-1">91-0-010680-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARunas&rft.atitle=Runorna&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.aulast=Magnusson&rft.btitle=Vad+varje+svensk+b%C3%B6r+veta+%28O+que+todos+os+suecos+devem+saber%29&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=91-0-010680-1&rft.place=Estocolmo&rft.pub=Albert+Bonniers+F%C3%B6rlag+e+Publisher+Produktion+AB&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">A referência emprega parâmetros obsoletos <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coautor=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Erros_nas_refer%C3%AAncias#deprecated_params" title="Ajuda:Erros nas referências">ajuda</a>)</span></li></ul> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFMiranda2007" class="citation book">Miranda, Ulrika Junker; Hallberg, Anne (2007). «Runor». <i><a href="/wiki/Bonniers_uppslagsbok" title="Bonniers uppslagsbok">Bonniers uppslagsbok</a></i> (em sueco). Estocolmo: Albert Bonniers Förlag. 1143 páginas. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/91-0-011462-6" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/91-0-011462-6">91-0-011462-6</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARunas&rft.atitle=Runor&rft.aufirst=Ulrika+Junker&rft.aulast=Miranda&rft.btitle=Bonniers+uppslagsbok&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=91-0-011462-6&rft.place=Estocolmo&rft.pub=Albert+Bonniers+F%C3%B6rlag&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">A referência emprega parâmetros obsoletos <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coautor=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Erros_nas_refer%C3%AAncias#deprecated_params" title="Ajuda:Erros nas referências">ajuda</a>)</span></li></ul> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFMuceniecks2014" class="citation journal">Muceniecks, André (2014). «Runas: Uma Introdução». Núcleo de Estudos Vikings e Escandinavos, <a href="/wiki/Universidade_Federal_da_Para%C3%ADba" title="Universidade Federal da Paraíba">Universidade Federal da Paraíba</a>. <i>Notícias Asgardianas</i> (7): 5-10. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1679-9313">1679-9313</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARunas&rft.atitle=Runas%3A+Uma+Introdu%C3%A7%C3%A3o&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft.aulast=Muceniecks&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1679-9313&rft.issue=7&rft.jtitle=Not%C3cias+Asgardianas&rft.pages=5-10&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFEnciclopédia_Norstedts2008" class="citation book">«runor». <i><a href="/wiki/Norstedts_uppslagsbok" title="Norstedts uppslagsbok">Enciclopédia Norstedts</a></i> (em sueco). Estocolmo: Norstedts. 2008. 1488 páginas. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9789113017136" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9789113017136">9789113017136</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARunas&rft.atitle=runor&rft.btitle=Enciclop%C3%A9dia+Norstedts&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9789113017136&rft.place=Estocolmo&rft.pub=Norstedts&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFStålbom1994" class="citation book">Stålbom, Göran (1994). «Myten om runornas ursprung (<i>Mito da origem da runas</i>)». <i>Runristningar</i> (em sueco). Estocolmo: Fabel förlag. 206 páginas. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/91_7842_1705" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/91 7842 1705">91 7842 1705</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARunas&rft.atitle=Myten+om+runornas+ursprung+%28Mito+da+origem+da+runas%29&rft.aufirst=G%C3%B6ran&rft.aulast=St%C3%A5lbom&rft.btitle=Runristningar&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9178421705&rft.place=Estocolmo&rft.pub=Fabel+f%C3%B6rlag&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runas&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Runas&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; width: 238px; padding: 5px; spacing: 0px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/44px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;">O <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="commons:Página principal">Commons</a> possui uma <i>categoria</i> com imagens e outros ficheiros sobre <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Odinismo?uselang=pt">Runas</a></span></b></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mortesubita.org/jack/paganismo/Livros/runas">Runas, teoria e prática</a> ebook sobre o uso pagão das runas.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.futhark-journal.com/">Futhark: International Journal of Runic Studies</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mitologia_e_religião_nórdica" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Mitologia_n%C3%B3rdica" title="Predefinição:Mitologia nórdica"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Mitologia_n%C3%B3rdica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Mitologia nórdica (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Mitologia_n%C3%B3rdica&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mitologia_e_religião_nórdica" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mitologia_n%C3%B3rdica" title="Mitologia nórdica">Mitologia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Religi%C3%A3o_n%C3%B3rdica" title="Religião nórdica">religião nórdica</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deuses,<br />heróis,<br />animais e<br />outros</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aesir" title="Aesir">Æsir</a> e <a href="/wiki/Vanir" title="Vanir">Vanir</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Au%C3%B0r" title="Auðr">Auðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angrboda" class="mw-redirect" title="Angrboda">Angrboda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balder" title="Balder">Balder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bragi" title="Bragi">Bragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forseti" title="Forseti">Forseti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagr" title="Dagr">Dagr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dellingr" title="Dellingr">Dellingr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frey" title="Frey">Frey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimdall" title="Heimdall">Heimdall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hela" title="Hela">Hela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermodr" title="Hermodr">Hermóðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoder" title="Hoder">Hoder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%93nir" title="Hœnir">Hœnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1ni" title="Máni">Máni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loki" title="Loki">Loki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B3%C3%B0urr" title="Lóðurr">Lóðurr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meili" title="Meili">Meili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_e_Magni" title="Modi e Magni">Modi e Magni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADmir" title="Mímir">Mímir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Njord" title="Njord">Njord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odin" title="Odin">Odin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93%C3%B0r" title="Óðr">Óðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor" title="Thor">Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BDr" title="Týr">Týr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uller" title="Uller">Uller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vali" title="Vali">Vali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidar" title="Vidar">Vidar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vili" title="Vili">Vili</a> e <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9" title="Vé">Vé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asynjor" title="Asynjor">Asynjor</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanajur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanajur (página não existe)">Vanajur</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%BAki_e_Bil" title="Hjúki e Bil">Bil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eir" title="Eir">Eir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freia" title="Freia">Freia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frigga" title="Frigga">Frigga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulla" title="Fulla">Fulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerda" title="Gerda">Gerda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefjun" title="Gefjun">Gefjun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gn%C3%A1_e_H%C3%B3fvarpnir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gná e Hófvarpnir (página não existe)">Gná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hl%C3%ADn" title="Hlín">Hlín</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmr (página não existe)">Ilmr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iduna" title="Iduna">Iduna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eorger%C3%B0r_H%C3%B6lgabr%C3%BA%C3%B0r_e_Irpa" title="Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr e Irpa">Irpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6r%C3%B0" title="Jörð">Jörð</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofn" title="Lofn">Lofn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanna_(deusa_n%C3%B3rdica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanna (deusa nórdica) (página não existe)">Nanna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nj%C3%B6run&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Njörun (página não existe)">Njörun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rán (página não existe)">Rán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rind" title="Rind">Rind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga_(mitologia)" title="Saga (mitologia)">Sága</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sif_(mitologia)" title="Sif (mitologia)">Sif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigyn" title="Sigyn">Sigyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%B6fn" title="Sjöfn">Sjöfn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skadi" title="Skadi">Skadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snotra" title="Snotra">Snotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3l" title="Sól">Sól</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syn_(deusa)" title="Syn (deusa)">Syn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eorger%C3%B0r_H%C3%B6lgabr%C3%BA%C3%B0r_e_Irpa" title="Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr e Irpa">Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%BA%C3%B0r" title="Þrúðr">Þrúðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1r" title="Vár">Vár</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%B6r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vör (página não existe)">Vör</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animais e criaturas</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arvak_e_Alsvid" title="Arvak e Alsvid">Arvak e Alsvid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Au%C3%B0umbla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auðumbla (página não existe)">Auðumbla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blo%C3%B0ughofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bloðughofi (página não existe)">Bloðughofi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eik%C3%BEyrnir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eikþyrnir (página não existe)">Eikþyrnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenrir" title="Fenrir">Fenrir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garm" title="Garm">Garm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geri_e_Freki" title="Geri e Freki">Geri e Freki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grani" title="Grani">Grani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullinbursti" title="Gullinbursti">Gullinbursti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gullinkambi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gullinkambi (página não existe)">Gullinkambi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gulltopp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gulltopp (página não existe)">Gulltopp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hati" title="Hati">Hati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hei%C3%B0r%C3%BAn" title="Heiðrún">Heiðrún</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hildisv%C3%ADni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hildisvíni (página não existe)">Hildisvíni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hofvarpnir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hofvarpnir (página não existe)">Hofvarpnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homem_lobo" title="Homem lobo">Homem lobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hr%C3%A6svelgr" title="Hræsvelgr">Hræsvelgr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugin_e_Munin" title="Hugin e Munin">Hugin e Munin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rmungandr" title="Jörmungandr">Jörmungandr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lindorm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lindorm (página não existe)">Lindorm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A1nagarmr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mánagarmr (página não existe)">Mánagarmr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AD%C3%B0h%C3%B6ggr" title="Níðhöggr">Níðhöggr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratatosk" title="Ratatosk">Ratatosk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skinfaxi_e_Hrimfaxi" title="Skinfaxi e Hrimfaxi">Skinfaxi e Hrimfaxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skoll" title="Skoll">Skoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleipnir" title="Sleipnir">Sleipnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svadilfari" title="Svadilfari">Svadilfari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A6hr%C3%ADmnir" title="Sæhrímnir">Sæhrímnir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanngrisnir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanngrisnir (página não existe)">Tanngrisnir</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanngnj%C3%B3str&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanngnjóstr (página não existe)">Tanngnjóstr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ve%C3%B0rf%C3%B6lnir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veðrfölnir (página não existe)">Veðrfölnir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outros</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ask" title="Ask">Ask</a> e <a href="/wiki/Embla" title="Embla">Embla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%ADs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dís (página não existe)">Dís</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nornas" title="Nornas">Nornas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valqu%C3%ADrias" title="Valquírias">Valquírias</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An%C3%B5es_(mitologia)" title="Anões (mitologia)">Anões</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einherjar" title="Einherjar">Einherjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfo" title="Elfo">Elfos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lj%C3%B3s%C3%A1lfar" title="Ljósálfar">Elfos da Luz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svart%C3%A1lfar" title="Svartálfar">Elfos da Escuridão</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jotun" title="Jotun">Jotun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried" title="Siegfried">Siegfried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trol" title="Trol">Trolls</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayland_the_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayland the Smith (página não existe)">Völundr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Thor%27s_hammer,_Sk%C3%A5ne.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Desenho de um pingente de Mjönil, o martelo de Thor, encontrado em 1877 em Skåne, na Suécia."><img alt="Desenho de um pingente de Mjönil, o martelo de Thor, encontrado em 1877 em Skåne, na Suécia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Thor%27s_hammer%2C_Sk%C3%A5ne.svg/125px-Thor%27s_hammer%2C_Sk%C3%A5ne.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Thor%27s_hammer%2C_Sk%C3%A5ne.svg/188px-Thor%27s_hammer%2C_Sk%C3%A5ne.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Thor%27s_hammer%2C_Sk%C3%A5ne.svg/250px-Thor%27s_hammer%2C_Sk%C3%A5ne.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="408" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eventos</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerra_dos_Deuses" title="Guerra dos Deuses">Guerra dos Deuses‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimbulwinter" title="Fimbulwinter">Fimbulvetr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar%C3%B6k" title="Ragnarök">Ragnarök</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fontes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gesta_Danorum" title="Gesta Danorum">Feitos dos Danos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edda_em_verso" title="Edda em verso">Edda Poética</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edda_em_prosa" title="Edda em prosa">Edda em prosa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedra_r%C3%BAnica" title="Pedra rúnica">Pedras rúnicas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Runas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga_(literatura)" title="Saga (literatura)">Sagas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciclo_de_Tyrfing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciclo de Tyrfing (página não existe)">Ciclo de Tyrfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga_dos_Volsungos" title="Saga dos Volsungos">Saga dos Volsungos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_norueguesa_antiga" title="Língua norueguesa antiga">Língua norueguesa antiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga_dos_Inglingos" title="Saga dos Inglingos">Saga dos Inglingos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sociedade</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%B3t" title="Blót">Blót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lag" title="Félag">Félag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calend%C3%A1rio_germ%C3%A2nico" title="Calendário germânico">Calendário germânico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiti" title="Heiti">Heiti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%B6rgr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hörgr (página não existe)">Hörgr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenning" title="Kenning">Kenning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sala_do_Hidromel" title="Sala do Hidromel">Sala do Hidromel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%AB%C3%BE" title="Nīþ">Nīþ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calend%C3%A1rio_r%C3%BAnico" title="Calendário rúnico">Calendário rúnico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sei%C3%B0r" title="Seiðr">Seiðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escaldo" title="Escaldo">Escaldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_Viking" title="Era Viking">Era Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lva" title="Völva">Völva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Origens</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitologia_eslava" title="Mitologia eslava">Paganismo germânico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religi%C3%A3o_protoindo-europeia" title="Religião protoindo-europeia">Religião protoindo-europeia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relacionado</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81satr%C3%BA" title="Ásatrú">Ásatrú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmologia_n%C3%B3rdica" title="Cosmologia nórdica">Os nove mundos da Mitologia Nórdica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_nomes_da_mitologia_n%C3%B3rdica" title="Lista de nomes da mitologia nórdica">Lista de nomes da mitologia nórdica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="boilerplate metadata noprint" id="stub"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> O <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="commons:Página principal">Wikimedia Commons</a> possui multimédia sobre: <i><b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category%3ARunestones%2C+Sweden&=uselang=pt">Runas</a></span></b></i>.</span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtida de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Runas&oldid=67510133">https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Runas&oldid=67510133</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Runas" title="Categoria:Runas">Runas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Artes_divinat%C3%B3rias" title="Categoria:Artes divinatórias">Artes divinatórias</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Mitologia_n%C3%B3rdica" title="Categoria:Mitologia nórdica">Mitologia nórdica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Espiritualidade" title="Categoria:Espiritualidade">Espiritualidade</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Paganismo" title="Categoria:Paganismo">Paganismo</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorias ocultas: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_sueco-fontes_em_l%C3%ADngua_(sv)" title="Categoria:!CS1 sueco-fontes em língua (sv)">!CS1 sueco-fontes em língua (sv)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_ingl%C3%AAs-fontes_em_l%C3%ADngua_(en)" title="Categoria:!CS1 inglês-fontes em língua (en)">!CS1 inglês-fontes em língua (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_que_carecem_de_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9_desde_mar%C3%A7o_de_2015" title="Categoria:!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé desde março de 2015">!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé desde março de 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_que_carecem_de_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9_sem_indica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_tema" title="Categoria:!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé sem indicação de tema">!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé sem indicação de tema</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!P%C3%A1ginas_que_usam_sintaxe_de_imagem_obsoleta" title="Categoria:!Páginas que usam sintaxe de imagem obsoleta">!Páginas que usam sintaxe de imagem obsoleta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_bons_na_Wikip%C3%A9dia_em_alem%C3%A3o" title="Categoria:!Artigos bons na Wikipédia em alemão">!Artigos bons na Wikipédia em alemão</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_destacados_na_Wikip%C3%A9dia_em_bielorrusso" title="Categoria:!Artigos destacados na Wikipédia em bielorrusso">!Artigos destacados na Wikipédia em bielorrusso</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_destacados_na_Wikip%C3%A9dia_em_baskir" title="Categoria:!Artigos destacados na Wikipédia em baskir">!Artigos destacados na Wikipédia em baskir</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_destacados_na_Wikip%C3%A9dia_em_russo" title="Categoria:!Artigos destacados na Wikipédia em russo">!Artigos destacados na Wikipédia em russo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_bons_na_Wikip%C3%A9dia_em_island%C3%AAs" title="Categoria:!Artigos bons na Wikipédia em islandês">!Artigos bons na Wikipédia em islandês</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_destacados_na_Wikip%C3%A9dia_em_georgiano" title="Categoria:!Artigos destacados na Wikipédia em georgiano">!Artigos destacados na Wikipédia em georgiano</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_com_refer%C3%AAncias_deficientes" title="Categoria:!Artigos com referências deficientes">!Artigos com referências deficientes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_que_carecem_de_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9" title="Categoria:!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé">!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_noruegu%C3%AAs-fontes_em_l%C3%ADngua_(no)" title="Categoria:!CS1 norueguês-fontes em língua (no)">!CS1 norueguês-fontes em língua (no)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!P%C3%A1ginas_que_usam_refer%C3%AAncias_com_par%C3%A2metros_obsoletas" title="Categoria:!Páginas que usam referências com parâmetros obsoletas">!Páginas que usam referências com parâmetros obsoletas</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Esta página foi editada pela última vez às 20h19min de 19 de fevereiro de 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Este texto é disponibilizado nos termos da licença <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt">Atribuição-CompartilhaIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-SA 4.0) da Creative Commons</a>; pode estar sujeito a condições adicionais. Para mais detalhes, consulte as <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">condições de utilização</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/pt-br">Política de privacidade</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sobre">Sobre a Wikipédia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Aviso_geral">Avisos gerais</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Código de conduta</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Programadores</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/pt.wikipedia.org">Estatísticas</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Declaração sobre ''cookies''</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//pt.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Runas&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Versão móvel</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fc47fc68d-dnw8w","wgBackendResponseTime":172,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.739","walltime":"0.908","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4321,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":78972,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3956,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":23390,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 684.970 1 -total"," 29.69% 203.373 1 Predefinição:Info/Sistema_de_escrita"," 29.05% 198.994 1 Predefinição:Info"," 22.27% 152.538 1 Predefinição:Mais_fontes"," 18.32% 125.498 1 Predefinição:Ambox"," 15.30% 104.768 1 Predefinição:Referências"," 12.92% 88.496 7 Predefinição:Citar_web"," 7.02% 48.055 1 Predefinição:Carece_de_fontes"," 5.91% 40.459 5 Predefinição:Citar_livro"," 5.89% 40.344 1 Predefinição:Falta_página"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.283","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5093116,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-fdc978966-d4vbt","timestamp":"20241119120845","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Runas","url":"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Runas","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q82996","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q82996","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contribuidores dos projetos da Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Wikimedia, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-06-22T18:35:06Z","dateModified":"2024-02-19T20:19:12Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/7a\/CodexRunicus.jpeg","headline":"letras caracter\u00edsticas de l\u00ednguas germ\u00e2nicas, escritas geralmente em pedras"}</script> </body> </html>