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class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Division" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Division"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Division</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Division-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_chain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_chain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Main chain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_chain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Four-thousanders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Four-thousanders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Four-thousanders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Four-thousanders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alpinisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alpinisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Alpinisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alpinisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology_and_orogeny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology_and_orogeny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geology and orogeny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology_and_orogeny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Travel_and_visitors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Travel_and_visitors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Travel and visitors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Travel_and_visitors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Plants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alps</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 178 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-178" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">178 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Alpe" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%8D%E1%8D%95%E1%88%B5_%E1%89%B0%E1%88%AB%E1%88%AE%E1%89%BD" title="አልፕስ ተራሮች – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አልፕስ ተራሮች" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="ऐल्प्स – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ऐल्प्स" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpis" title="Alpis – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Alpis" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A8" title="الألب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الألب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ալպեան լեռներ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ալպեան լեռներ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82rpes" title="Ârpes – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ârpes" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9B" title="এল্পছ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="এল্পছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="आल्प्स – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="आल्प्स" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81ype" title="Áype – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Áype" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Алпал – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Алпал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp_da%C4%9Flar%C4%B1" title="Alp dağları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alp dağları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%BE_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="آلپ داغلاری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلپ داغلاری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="আল্পস পর্বতমালা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আল্পস পর্বতমালা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Альп тауҙары – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Альп тауҙары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Альпы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Альпы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Альпы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Альпы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="आल्प्स – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आल्प्स" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Алпи – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алпи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oipn" title="Oipn – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Oipn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Alpe" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpo%C3%B9" title="Alpoù – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Alpoù" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Альпа – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Альпа" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpy" title="Alpy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alpy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpau" title="Alpau – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Alpau" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alperne" title="Alperne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alperne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lppat" title="Álppat – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Álppat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpy" title="Alpy – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Alpy" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpid" title="Alpid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alpid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BB%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82" title="Άλπεις – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άλπεις" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88lp" title="Èlp – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Èlp" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpoj" title="Alpoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alpoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpeak" title="Alpeak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alpeak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%BE" title="آلپ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلپ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpurnar" title="Alpurnar – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Alpurnar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_hAlpa" title="Na hAlpa – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Na hAlpa" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_h-Ailpeannan" title="Na h-Ailpeannan – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Na h-Ailpeannan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1" title="阿爾卑斯山 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="阿爾卑斯山" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8_%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B3%E0%AA%BE" title="આલ્પ્સ પર્વતમાળા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આલ્પ્સ પર્વતમાળા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes_s%C3%A2n" title="Alpes sân – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Alpes sân" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%ED%94%84%EC%8A%A4%EC%82%B0%EB%A7%A5" title="알프스산맥 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알프스산맥" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAlepa" title="ʻAlepa – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻAlepa" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ալպեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալպեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="ऐल्प्स पर्वतमाला – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऐल्प्स पर्वतमाला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpy" title="Alpy – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Alpy" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alpe" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpi" title="Alpi – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Alpi" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%C3%A6%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Альпæтæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Альпæтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IiAlps" title="IiAlps – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IiAlps" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpafj%C3%B6ll" title="Alpafjöll – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alpafjöll" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpi" title="Alpi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alpi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D" title="הרי האלפים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרי האלפים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C9%A9p%CA%8Awaa" title="Alɩpʊwaa – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Alɩpʊwaa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಆಲ್ಪ್ಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಲ್ಪ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Альпла – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Альпла" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ალპები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალპები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%96" title="Альпі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Альпі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpow" title="Alpow – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Alpow" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpi" title="Alpi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Alpi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp" title="Alp – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Alp" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp" title="Alp – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Alp" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Альпы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Альпы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpi" title="Alpi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Alpi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp%C4%97s" title="Alpės – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Alpės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arpi" title="Arpi – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Arpi" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Alpe" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpi" title="Alpi – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Alpi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp_(mont)" title="Alp (mont) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Alp (mont)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpok" title="Alpok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alpok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Алпи – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алпи" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandavan-tendrombohitra_Alpa" title="Tandavan-tendrombohitra Alpa – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tandavan-tendrombohitra Alpa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ആൽപ്സ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആൽപ്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="आल्प्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आल्प्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ალპეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ალპეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8" title="الب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjaran_Alp" title="Banjaran Alp – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Banjaran Alp" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83" title="Альпийн нуруу – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Альпийн нуруу" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အယ်လ်ပ်တောင်တန်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အယ်လ်ပ်တောင်တန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="आल्प्स – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आल्प्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D" title="एल्पस् – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="एल्पस्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%97%E3%82%B9%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" title="アルプス山脈 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルプス山脈" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arpe" title="Arpe – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Arpe" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Альпаш – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Альпаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpene" title="Alpene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alpene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpane" title="Alpane – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Alpane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF" title="Альп – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Альп" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alplar" title="Alplar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Alplar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AA" title="ਐਲਪ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਲਪ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%B3" title="الپس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="الپس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%BE_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="آلپ غرونه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="آلپ غرونه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp" title="Alp – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Alp" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpy" title="Alpy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alpy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp_tawlar%C4%B1" title="Alp tawları – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Alp tawları" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alplar" title="Alplar – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Alplar" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpi" title="Alpi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alpi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpikuna" title="Alpikuna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Alpikuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Алпы – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Алпы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Альпы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Альпы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Альпа хайалара – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Альпа хайалара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-payse_a_buyu%E2%80%99" title="Al-payse a buyu’ – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Al-payse a buyu’" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpet" title="Alpet – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alpet" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpi" title="Alpi – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Alpi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="ඇල්ප්ස් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඇල්ප්ස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%B3" title="الپس – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="الپس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpy" title="Alpy – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alpy" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alpe" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%DA%B5%D9%BE" title="ئەڵپ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەڵپ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Алпи – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алпи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alpe" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpit" title="Alpit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alpit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alperna" title="Alperna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alperna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆல்ப்ஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆல்ப்ஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idurar_n_Alp" title="Idurar n Alp – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Idurar n Alp" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Alpe" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Альп таулары – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Альп таулары" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="ఆల్ప్స్ పర్వతాలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆల్ప్స్ పర్వతాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%8C" title="เทือกเขาแอลป์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เทือกเขาแอลป์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF" title="Алп – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Алп" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpler" title="Alpler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alpler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alplar" title="Alplar – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Alplar" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Альпи – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Альпи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%B3" title="الپس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="الپس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BE_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89" title="ئالپ تاغلىرى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئالپ تاغلىرى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Alpe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%27pad" title="Al'pad – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Al'pad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anp%C6%A1" title="Anpơ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Anpơ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpiq" title="Alpiq – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Alpiq" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpn" title="Alpn – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Alpn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1" title="阿尔卑斯山 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿尔卑斯山" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%9F" title="אלפן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אלפן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1" title="阿爾卑斯山 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿爾卑斯山" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp%C4%97s" title="Alpės – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Alpės" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1" title="阿尔卑斯山 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿尔卑斯山" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-syl mw-list-item"><a href="https://syl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A0%80%EA%A0%9F%EA%A0%86%EA%A0%99%EA%A0%8D_%EA%A0%99%EA%A0%A3%EA%A0%80%EA%A0%A0%EA%A0%A3%EA%A0%81%EA%A0%98" title="ꠀꠟ꠆ꠙꠍ ꠙꠣꠀꠠꠣꠁꠘ – Sylheti" lang="syl" hreflang="syl" data-title="ꠀꠟ꠆ꠙꠍ ꠙꠣꠀꠠꠣꠁꠘ" data-language-autonym="ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ" data-language-local-name="Sylheti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpi_bandon" title="Alpi bandon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Alpi 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/2008_Jungfrau.jpg/500px-2008_Jungfrau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3340" data-file-height="2227" /></a><figcaption>Jungfrau seen from near <a href="/wiki/Interlaken" title="Interlaken">Interlaken</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alpenrelief_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Alpenrelief_01.jpg/200px-Alpenrelief_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Alpenrelief_01.jpg/300px-Alpenrelief_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Alpenrelief_01.jpg/400px-Alpenrelief_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="937" /></a><figcaption>Map with international borders marked.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alps_from_space.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Alps_from_space.png/200px-Alps_from_space.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Alps_from_space.png/300px-Alps_from_space.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Alps_from_space.png/400px-Alps_from_space.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Satellite_(artificial)" title="Satellite (artificial)">satellite</a> view of the Alps.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:L%C3%BCnersee_vom_Saulakopf_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/L%C3%BCnersee_vom_Saulakopf_1.JPG/250px-L%C3%BCnersee_vom_Saulakopf_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/L%C3%BCnersee_vom_Saulakopf_1.JPG/330px-L%C3%BCnersee_vom_Saulakopf_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/L%C3%BCnersee_vom_Saulakopf_1.JPG/500px-L%C3%BCnersee_vom_Saulakopf_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4125" data-file-height="2750" /></a><figcaption>The Lunar Lake in the <a href="/wiki/Austrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian">Austrian</a> Alps was created by a <a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">dam</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Alps</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Alpi</i>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Alpes</i>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Alpen</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bavarian language">Bavarian</a>: <i lang="bar">Oipm</i>, <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>: <i lang="rm">Alps</i>, <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>: <i lang="sl">Alpe</i>, <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>: <i lang="oc">Aups, Alps</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the greatest <a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">mountain range</a> of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. It reaches from <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> in the east; through <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>; to <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> in the west. The original meaning of the word was 'white'.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The highest mountain in the Alps is <a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc" title="Mont Blanc">Mont Blanc</a>, at 4,808 metres (15,774 ft), on the Italian–French border. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Geography" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Geography"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Formation_Alps_illustration.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Formation_Alps_illustration.png/200px-Formation_Alps_illustration.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Formation_Alps_illustration.png/300px-Formation_Alps_illustration.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Formation_Alps_illustration.png/400px-Formation_Alps_illustration.png 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="648" /></a><figcaption>How the Alps were made.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Alps stretch from <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> in the east, through <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> to <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> in the west. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Division">Division</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Division" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Division"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mountains are divided into the Western Alps and the Eastern Alps. The division is along the line between <a href="/wiki/Lake_Constance" title="Lake Constance">Lake Constance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Como" title="Lake Como">Lake Como</a>, following the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> (on the north side, in Switzerland) and the river <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mera (not yet started)">Mera</a> in the South (in Italy). The Western Alps are higher, but their central chain is shorter and curved; they are located in Italy, France and Switzerland. </p><p>The Eastern Alps (main ridge system elongated and broad) belong to Austria, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Slovenia and Switzerland. </p><p>The highest peaks of the Western Alps are Mont Blanc, 4,808 metres (15,774 ft), Mont Blanc de Courmayeur 4,748 metres (15,577 ft), the <a href="/wiki/Dufourspitze" title="Dufourspitze">Dufourspitze</a> 4,634 metres (15,203 ft) and the other summits of the <a href="/wiki/Monte_Rosa" title="Monte Rosa">Monte Rosa</a> group, and the Dom, 4,545 metres (14,911 ft). The highest peak in the Eastern Alps is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piz_Bernina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piz Bernina (not yet started)">Piz Bernina</a>, 4,049 metres (13,284 ft). Perhaps the most famous location for tourist to the Alps are the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alps" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Alps">Swiss Alps</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Main_chain">Main chain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Main chain" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Main chain"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hauteroute.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Hauteroute.jpg/200px-Hauteroute.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Hauteroute.jpg/300px-Hauteroute.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Hauteroute.jpg/400px-Hauteroute.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Watershed" class="mw-redirect" title="Watershed">watershed</a> between Italy and Switzerland (View from <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%AAte_Blanche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tête Blanche (not yet started)">Tête Blanche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennine_Alps" title="Pennine Alps">Pennine Alps</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The main chain of the Alps follows the <a href="/wiki/Watershed" class="mw-redirect" title="Watershed">watershed</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Wienerwald" title="Wienerwald">Wienerwald</a>, Austria, defining partially the northern border of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. It then passes over many of the highest and most <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/famous" class="extiw" title="wikt:famous">famous</a> peaks in the Alps. From the Colle di Cadibona to Col de Tende it runs to the west before turning to the northwest and then, to the north, near the Colle della Maddalena. Upon reaching the Swiss border, the line of the main chain goes about northeast, a heading it follows until its end near <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Four-thousanders">Four-thousanders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Four-thousanders" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Four-thousanders"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA) has <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/define" class="extiw" title="wikt:define">defined</a> a list of 82 "official" Alpine 4,000-<a href="/wiki/Meter" class="mw-redirect" title="Meter">meter</a> (13,123 <a href="/wiki/Ft" class="mw-redirect" title="Ft">ft</a>) peaks. The list has many sub-peaks with little <a href="/wiki/Topographic_prominence" title="Topographic prominence">prominence</a>, but good for <a href="/wiki/Mountaineering" title="Mountaineering">mountaineering</a>. Here are the twelve four-thousanders with at least 1 <a href="/wiki/Km" class="mw-redirect" title="Km">km</a> prominence. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th align="left">Name </th> <th align="left">Height (metres, feet) </th> <th align="left">Range (Country) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc" title="Mont Blanc">Mont Blanc</a> </td> <td>4,810.45 m (15,782 ft) </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graian_Alps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Graian Alps (not yet started)">Graian Alps</a> (France, Italy) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monte_Rosa" title="Monte Rosa">Monte Rosa</a> </td> <td>4,634 m (15,203 ft) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pennine_Alps" title="Pennine Alps">Pennine Alps</a> (Switzerland, Italy) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dom_(Mischabel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dom (Mischabel)">Dom</a> </td> <td>4,545 m (14,911 ft) </td> <td>Pennine Alps (Switzerland) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weisshorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weisshorn (not yet started)">Weisshorn</a> </td> <td>4,505 m (14,780 ft) </td> <td>Pennine Alps (Switzerland) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Matterhorn" title="Matterhorn">Matterhorn</a> </td> <td>4,478 m (14,692 ft) </td> <td>Pennine Alps (Switzerland, Italy) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Combin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grand Combin (not yet started)">Grand Combin</a> </td> <td>4,314 m (14,154 ft) </td> <td>Pennine Alps (Switzerland) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Finsteraarhorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finsteraarhorn (not yet started)">Finsteraarhorn</a> </td> <td>4,273 m (14,019 ft) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bernese_Alps" title="Bernese Alps">Bernese Alps</a> (Switzerland) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aletschhorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aletschhorn (not yet started)">Aletschhorn</a> </td> <td>4,192 m (13,753 ft) </td> <td>Bernese Alps (Switzerland) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Barre_des_%C3%89crins" title="Barre des Écrins">Barre des Écrins</a> </td> <td>4,102 m (13,458 ft) </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dauphin%C3%A9_Alps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dauphiné Alps (not yet started)">Dauphiné Alps</a> (France) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gran_Paradiso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gran Paradiso (not yet started)">Gran Paradiso</a> </td> <td>4,061 m (13,323 ft) </td> <td>Graian Alps (Italy) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piz_Bernina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piz Bernina (not yet started)">Piz Bernina</a> </td> <td>4,049 m (13,284 ft) </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernina_Range&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernina Range (not yet started)">Bernina Range</a> (Switzerland, Italy) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weissmies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weissmies (not yet started)">Weissmies</a> </td> <td>4,023 m (13,199 ft) </td> <td>Pennine Alps (Switzerland) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alpinisme">Alpinisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Alpinisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Alpinisme"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Blodig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Blodig (not yet started)">Karl Blodig</a> was the first person to climb all the main four-thousand meter peaks, round 1900. </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpine_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpine Club (not yet started)">Alpine Club</a> is the oldest organization of mountaineers of the world. It’s an organization from <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>, formed in 1857.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Swiss_Alpine_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swiss Alpine Club (not yet started)">Swiss Alpine Club</a> was founded in 1863.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology_and_orogeny">Geology and orogeny</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Geology and orogeny" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Geology and orogeny"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The reason mountains form is usually the moving together of <a href="/wiki/Continental_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental plate">continental plates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Crust_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crust (geology)">crust</a>. The Alps rose as a result of the slow but gigantic pressure of the <a href="/wiki/African" class="mw-redirect" title="African">African</a> plate as it moved north against the stable <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasian</a> landmass. In particular, Italy (which had been a separate island) got pushed into Europe. </p><p>This all took place in the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary" title="Tertiary">Tertiary</a> period, mostly in the <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene</a>. That's about 35 to 5 million years ago. </p><p>The Alps are just a part of a larger <a href="/wiki/Orogeny" title="Orogeny">orogenic</a> belt of mountain chains, called the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpide_belt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpide belt (not yet started)">Alpide belt</a>. It reaches through southern Europe and Asia from the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> most of the way to the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a>. </p><p>A gap in these mountain chains in central Europe <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/separate" class="extiw" title="wikt:separate">separates</a> the Alps from the <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Mountains" title="Carpathian Mountains">Carpathians</a> off to the east. <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/subsidence" class="extiw" title="wikt:subsidence">Subsidence</a> is the cause of the gaps in between. </p><p>A great and ancient ocean was once between Africa and Europe, the <a href="/wiki/Tethys_Ocean" title="Tethys Ocean">Tethys Ocean</a>. Now <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediments</a> of the Tethys Ocean basin and its <a href="/wiki/Mesozoic" title="Mesozoic">Mesozoic</a> and early <a href="/wiki/Cenozoic" title="Cenozoic">Cenozoic</a> <a href="/wiki/Stratum" class="mw-redirect" title="Stratum">strata</a> sit high above sea level. Even <a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_rock" title="Metamorphic rock">metamorphic</a> <a href="/wiki/Basement_(geology)" title="Basement (geology)">basement</a> rocks are found high on Mont Blanc, the <a href="/wiki/Matterhorn" title="Matterhorn">Matterhorn</a>, and other high peaks in the <a href="/wiki/Pennine_Alps" title="Pennine Alps">Pennine Alps</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hohe_Tauern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hohe Tauern (not yet started)">Hohe Tauern</a>. </p><p>The <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/formation" class="extiw" title="wikt:formation">formation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> is a more recent development. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Transport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Transport"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Alps do not make an impassable block; the common passes have been traveled by since the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">ancient history</a> for war and <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commerce</a>, and later by <a href="/wiki/Pilgrim" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrim">pilgrims</a>, students and tourists. <a href="/wiki/Mountain_pass" title="Mountain pass">Mountain passes</a> give paths between mountains, for <a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Train" title="Train">train</a> or <a href="/wiki/Feet" class="mw-redirect" title="Feet">foot</a> traffic. Some are famous, being used for thousands of years. </p><p>Important passes in the Alps are, e.g.: </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GreatStBernardPassAugust232023_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/GreatStBernardPassAugust232023_03.jpg/200px-GreatStBernardPassAugust232023_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/GreatStBernardPassAugust232023_03.jpg/300px-GreatStBernardPassAugust232023_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/GreatStBernardPassAugust232023_03.jpg/400px-GreatStBernardPassAugust232023_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2668" /></a><figcaption>Great St Bernard Pass</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mont_Cenis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mont Cenis (not yet started)">Mont Cenis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Little_St_Bernard_Pass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Little St Bernard Pass (not yet started)">Little St Bernard Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_St_Bernard_Pass" title="Great St Bernard Pass">Great St Bernard Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simplon_Pass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simplon Pass (not yet started)">Simplon Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Furka_Pass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Furka Pass (not yet started)">Furka Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gotthard_Pass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gotthard Pass (not yet started)">Gotthard Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julier_Pass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julier Pass (not yet started)">Julier Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arlberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arlberg (not yet started)">Arlberg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernina_Pass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernina Pass (not yet started)">Bernina Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brenner_Pass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brenner Pass (not yet started)">Brenner Pass</a></li></ul> <p>Long highway and railway tunnels: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simplon_tunnel_D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Simplon_tunnel_D.jpg/250px-Simplon_tunnel_D.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Simplon_tunnel_D.jpg/330px-Simplon_tunnel_D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Simplon_tunnel_D.jpg/500px-Simplon_tunnel_D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1099" data-file-height="819" /></a><figcaption>The Simplon railway tunnel</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A9jus_Rail_Tunnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fréjus Rail Tunnel (not yet started)">Fréjus Rail Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mont_Blanc_Tunnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mont Blanc Tunnel (not yet started)">Mont Blanc Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simplon_Tunnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simplon Tunnel (not yet started)">Simplon Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotthard_Base_Tunnel" title="Gotthard Base Tunnel">Gotthard Base Tunnel</a> (the longest railway tunnel of the world)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gotthard_Road_Tunnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gotthard Road Tunnel (not yet started)">Gotthard Road Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arlberg_Railway_Tunnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arlberg Railway Tunnel (not yet started)">Arlberg Railway Tunnel</a></li></ul> <p>Bridges: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teufelsbr%C3%BCcke" title="Teufelsbrücke">Teufelsbrücke</a> (devil’s bridge)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Travel_and_visitors">Travel and visitors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: Travel and visitors" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Travel and visitors"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St.Bartholom%C3%A4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/St.Bartholom%C3%A4.jpg/250px-St.Bartholom%C3%A4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/St.Bartholom%C3%A4.jpg/330px-St.Bartholom%C3%A4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/St.Bartholom%C3%A4.jpg/500px-St.Bartholom%C3%A4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Königssee, <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Alps are popular both in <a href="/wiki/Summer" title="Summer">summer</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">winter</a>. The Alps as a place for sightseeing and <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">sports</a>. Winter sports (Alpine and Nordic <a href="/wiki/Skiing" title="Skiing">skiing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snowboarding" title="Snowboarding">snowboarding</a>, tobogganing, snowshoeing, ski tours) can be learned in most <a href="/wiki/Region" title="Region">regions</a> from December to April. In summer, the Alps are popular with <a href="/wiki/Hiking" title="Hiking">hikers</a>, mountain <a href="/wiki/Bike" class="mw-redirect" title="Bike">bikers</a>, paragliders, and mountaineers. There are also alpine lakes which attract <a href="/wiki/Swimming" title="Swimming">swimmers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sailors" class="mw-redirect" title="Sailors">sailors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">surfers</a>. The lower places and bigger <a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">towns</a> of the Alps are well served by motorways and main <a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">roads</a>, but higher passes and by-roads can be bad even in the summer. Many passes are closed in winter. Many airports around the Alps (and some within), as well as long-distance rail links from all bordering countries, afford large numbers of travelers easy access from abroad. The Alps normally has more than 100 <a href="/wiki/Million" class="mw-redirect" title="Million">million</a> visitors a year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Change section: Climate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Climate"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Alps is split into five climate zones, each with a different kind of environment. The climate, plant life and animal life vary on different sections or zones of the mountain. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aletschgletscher_mit_Pinus_cembra1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Aletschgletscher_mit_Pinus_cembra1.jpg/220px-Aletschgletscher_mit_Pinus_cembra1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Aletschgletscher_mit_Pinus_cembra1.jpg/330px-Aletschgletscher_mit_Pinus_cembra1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Aletschgletscher_mit_Pinus_cembra1.jpg/440px-Aletschgletscher_mit_Pinus_cembra1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Pine trees above the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aletsch_Glacier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aletsch Glacier (not yet started)">Aletsch Glacier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a></figcaption></figure> <ol><li>The section of the Alps that is above 3,000 metres is called the névé zone. This area, which has the coldest climate, is permanently coated with compressed snow. Plants are therefore scarce in the névé zone.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Alpine_tundra" title="Alpine tundra">alpine zone</a> lies between the height of 2,000 and 3,000 metres. This zone is less cold than in the névé zone. Wildflowers and grasses grow here.</li> <li>Just below the alpine zone is the <a href="/wiki/Subalpine_zone" title="Subalpine zone">subalpine zone</a>, 1,500 to 2,000 metres high. Forests of fir trees and spruce trees grow in the subalpine zone as the temperature slowly goes up.</li> <li>At about 1,000 to 1,500 metres high is the arable zone. Millions of <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> <a href="/wiki/Trees" class="mw-redirect" title="Trees">trees</a> sprout in this area. This is also where farming takes place.</li> <li>Below 1,000 metres are the lowlands. Here, a larger variety of plants are produced. Aside from plants, villages are also in the lowlands because the temperature is easier for humans and farm animals.</li></ol> <p>The Alps is a classic example of what happens when a temperate area at lower altitude gives way to higher land. A rise from <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a> into the upper regions causes the <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a> to decrease. The effect of <a href="/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain">mountain</a> chains on winds is to carry warm air belonging to the lower region into an upper zone, where it expands and loses heat, and drops <a href="/wiki/Snow" title="Snow">snow</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rain" title="Rain">rain</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plants">Plants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Change section: Plants" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Plants"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The typical <a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">trees</a>—<a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beech" title="Beech">beech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ash_tree" title="Ash tree">ash</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acer_pseudoplatanus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acer pseudoplatanus (not yet started)">sycamore maple</a> have a natural height limit: the 'tree line'. Their upper limit matches the change in <a href="/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">climate</a> which comes with increasing height. The change from a <a href="/wiki/Temperate" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate">temperate</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Cold" title="Cold">colder</a> <a href="/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">climate</a> is also shown true by a change in the wild flowering plant life. This limit normally lies about 1,200 metres (3,940 ft) above the sea on the north side of the Alps. On the southern slopes, it often reaches to 1,500 metres (4,920 ft), sometimes even to 1,700 metres (5,580 ft). </p><p>The Alps do not always have the typical trees. People have felled them in many places. Except for the beech <a href="/wiki/Forest" title="Forest">forests</a> of the Austrian Alps, forests of the typical <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deciduous_tree&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deciduous tree (not yet started)">deciduous trees</a> are hardly found. Where such <a href="/wiki/Woods" class="mw-redirect" title="Woods">woods</a> were, <a href="/wiki/Scots_pine" title="Scots pine">Scots pine</a> and Norway spruce now grow. These trees are less <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/sensitive" class="extiw" title="wikt:sensitive">sensitive</a> to the attacks of <a href="/wiki/Domestic_goat" title="Domestic goat">goats</a> who eat the saplings of deciduous trees. </p><p>Above the tree line, there is often a band of <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/dwarf" class="extiw" title="wikt:dwarf">dwarf</a> <a href="/wiki/Pine_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Pine tree">pine trees</a> (<i>Pinus mugo</i>), which is taking place of dwarf <a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">shrubs</a>. These shrubs are <i><a href="/wiki/Rhododendron" title="Rhododendron">Rhododendron</a> ferrugineum</i> (on <a href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">acid</a> <a href="/wiki/Soil" title="Soil">soils</a>) or <i>Rhododendron hirsutum</i> (on non-acid soils). </p><p>Above this is the alpine <a href="/wiki/Meadow" title="Meadow">meadow</a>. Above the alpine meadow is where plant life becomes less and less common. At these great heights, the plants are likely to make separate groups. In the Alps, many species of <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> have been recorded above 4,000 metres (13,120 ft). These are like <i><a href="/wiki/Ranunculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranunculus">Ranunculus</a> glacialis</i>, <i>Androsace alpina</i> and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saxifraga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saxifraga (not yet started)">Saxifraga</a> biflora</i>. </p> <center><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kosodrzewina_(Sosna_g%C3%B3rska)_Pinus_mugo_mugo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mountain pine (Pinus mugo)"><img alt="Mountain pine (Pinus mugo)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Kosodrzewina_%28Sosna_g%C3%B3rska%29_Pinus_mugo_mugo.jpg/90px-Kosodrzewina_%28Sosna_g%C3%B3rska%29_Pinus_mugo_mugo.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Kosodrzewina_%28Sosna_g%C3%B3rska%29_Pinus_mugo_mugo.jpg/135px-Kosodrzewina_%28Sosna_g%C3%B3rska%29_Pinus_mugo_mugo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Kosodrzewina_%28Sosna_g%C3%B3rska%29_Pinus_mugo_mugo.jpg/180px-Kosodrzewina_%28Sosna_g%C3%B3rska%29_Pinus_mugo_mugo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mountain pine<br />(<i>Pinus mugo</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rhododendron_ferrugineum.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Rusty-leaved alpenrose (Rhododendron ferrugineum)"><img alt="Rusty-leaved alpenrose (Rhododendron ferrugineum)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Rhododendron_ferrugineum.JPG/120px-Rhododendron_ferrugineum.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Rhododendron_ferrugineum.JPG/180px-Rhododendron_ferrugineum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Rhododendron_ferrugineum.JPG/240px-Rhododendron_ferrugineum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1009" data-file-height="907" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Rusty-leaved alpenrose<br />(<i>Rhododendron ferrugineum</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leontopodium_alpinum1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Edelweiss ((Leontopodium alpinum)"><img alt="Edelweiss ((Leontopodium alpinum)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Leontopodium_alpinum1.jpg/88px-Leontopodium_alpinum1.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Leontopodium_alpinum1.jpg/132px-Leontopodium_alpinum1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Leontopodium_alpinum1.jpg/176px-Leontopodium_alpinum1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Edelweiss" title="Edelweiss">Edelweiss</a> ((<i>Leontopodium alpinum</i>)<br /></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gentiana_acaulis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stemless gentian (Gentiana acaulis)"><img alt="Stemless gentian (Gentiana acaulis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gentiana_acaulis.jpg/90px-Gentiana_acaulis.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gentiana_acaulis.jpg/135px-Gentiana_acaulis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gentiana_acaulis.jpg/180px-Gentiana_acaulis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stemless gentian<br />(<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gentiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gentiana (not yet started)">Gentiana</a> acaulis</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chamorchis_alpina_230705b.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alpine dwarf orchid (Chamorchis alpina)"><img alt="Alpine dwarf orchid (Chamorchis alpina)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Chamorchis_alpina_230705b.jpg/120px-Chamorchis_alpina_230705b.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Chamorchis_alpina_230705b.jpg/180px-Chamorchis_alpina_230705b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Chamorchis_alpina_230705b.jpg/240px-Chamorchis_alpina_230705b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1387" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Alpine dwarf <a href="/wiki/Orchid" title="Orchid">orchid</a><br />(<i>Chamorchis alpina</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulsatilla_alpina_schneebergensis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alpine pasque-flower (Pulsatilla alpina)"><img alt="Alpine pasque-flower (Pulsatilla alpina)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Pulsatilla_alpina_schneebergensis.jpg/120px-Pulsatilla_alpina_schneebergensis.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Pulsatilla_alpina_schneebergensis.jpg/250px-Pulsatilla_alpina_schneebergensis.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1315" data-file-height="889" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Alpine pasque-flower<br />(<i>Pulsatilla alpina</i>)</div> </li> </ul></center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Animals">Animals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Change section: Animals" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Animals"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">Species</a> common to the Alps: </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alpine_Ibex_feb08a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ibex"><img alt="Ibex" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Alpine_Ibex_feb08a.jpg/120px-Alpine_Ibex_feb08a.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Alpine_Ibex_feb08a.jpg/250px-Alpine_Ibex_feb08a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibex (not yet started)">Ibex</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rupicapra_rupicapra_0.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chamois"><img alt="Chamois" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Rupicapra_rupicapra_0.jpg/120px-Rupicapra_rupicapra_0.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Rupicapra_rupicapra_0.jpg/180px-Rupicapra_rupicapra_0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Rupicapra_rupicapra_0.jpg/240px-Rupicapra_rupicapra_0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1281" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chamois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chamois (not yet started)">Chamois</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aquila_chrysaetos_USFWS.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Golden eagle"><img alt="Golden eagle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Aquila_chrysaetos_USFWS.jpg/87px-Aquila_chrysaetos_USFWS.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Aquila_chrysaetos_USFWS.jpg/131px-Aquila_chrysaetos_USFWS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Aquila_chrysaetos_USFWS.jpg/174px-Aquila_chrysaetos_USFWS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="764" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Golden_eagle" title="Golden eagle">Golden eagle</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parnassius_phoebus2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apollo Butterfly"><img alt="Apollo Butterfly" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Parnassius_phoebus2.jpg/120px-Parnassius_phoebus2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Parnassius_phoebus2.jpg/180px-Parnassius_phoebus2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Parnassius_phoebus2.jpg/240px-Parnassius_phoebus2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1222" data-file-height="807" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_Butterfly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apollo Butterfly (not yet started)">Apollo Butterfly</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Salamandra_atra.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alpine salamander"><img alt="Alpine salamander" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Salamandra_atra.jpg/120px-Salamandra_atra.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Salamandra_atra.jpg/180px-Salamandra_atra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Salamandra_atra.jpg/240px-Salamandra_atra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpine_salamander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpine salamander (not yet started)">Alpine salamander</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ptarmigan9.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ptarmigan"><img alt="Ptarmigan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Ptarmigan9.jpg/120px-Ptarmigan9.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Ptarmigan9.jpg/180px-Ptarmigan9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Ptarmigan9.jpg/240px-Ptarmigan9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="701" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptarmigan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ptarmigan (not yet started)">Ptarmigan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aegolius-funereus-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tengmalm's owl"><img alt="Tengmalm's owl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Aegolius-funereus-001.jpg/80px-Aegolius-funereus-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Aegolius-funereus-001.jpg/120px-Aegolius-funereus-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Aegolius-funereus-001.jpg/160px-Aegolius-funereus-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tengmalm%27s_owl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tengmalm's owl (not yet started)">Tengmalm's owl</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marmota_marmota_Alpes2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alpine marmot"><img alt="Alpine marmot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Marmota_marmota_Alpes2.jpg/120px-Marmota_marmota_Alpes2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Marmota_marmota_Alpes2.jpg/180px-Marmota_marmota_Alpes2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Marmota_marmota_Alpes2.jpg/240px-Marmota_marmota_Alpes2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="599" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Alpine_marmot" title="Alpine marmot">Alpine marmot</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671870">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671876">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8662964">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alps" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Alps"><span style="">Alps</span></a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Alpen</i>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Alpi</i>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Alpes</i>; <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>: <i lang="oc">Aups/Alps</i>; <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>: <i lang="rm">Alps</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> name <i>Alps</i> was taken from <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>Alpes</i>, which may be ultimately alike with Latin <i>albus</i> ("white"). The German <i>Albe</i>, <i>Alpe</i> or <i>Alp</i> (f., Old High German <i>alpâ</i>, plural <i>alpûn</i>), and the French <i>Alpage</i> or <i>Alpe</i> in the singular mean "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpine_pasture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpine pasture (not yet started)">alpine pasture</a>", and only in the plural may also refer to the mountain range as a whole.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacob Grimm, <i>Deutsches Wörterbuch</i>, s.v. "Albe", "Alpe". The original meaning being "white" (in reference to the permanent snow. The term may be common Italo-Celtic, since <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic languages</a> also have terms for high mountains derived from <i>alp</i>. German <i>Alpen</i> is the accusative in origin, but was made the nominative in Modern German, whence also <i>Alm</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alpine-club.org.uk">Homepage ot the Alpine Club</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sac-cas.ch/de/">Homepage of the Swiss Alpine Club</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122542">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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id="Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1286#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2111" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1286#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11934036f">France</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11934036f">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4001328-5">Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007294888005171">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85003839">United States</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span title="Alpy (pohoří)" class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128379&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/783">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/008569">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045350">NARA</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027259285">IdRef</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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