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from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Orbit_and_turning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orbit_and_turning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Orbit and turning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orbit_and_turning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_Earth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_Earth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History of Earth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_Earth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology_of_Earth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology_of_Earth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geology of Earth</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geology_of_Earth-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geology of Earth subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geology_of_Earth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chemical_make-up" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemical_make-up"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Chemical make-up</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemical_make-up-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Density" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Density"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Density</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Density-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Shape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Earth’s_core" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Earth’s_core"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Earth’s core</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Earth’s_core-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pieces_of_the_crust_form_plates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pieces_of_the_crust_form_plates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Pieces of the crust form plates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pieces_of_the_crust_form_plates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surface" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surface"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Surface</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surface-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>People</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Future" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Future</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Future-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Related pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Other websites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Earth</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 305 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-305" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">305 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumoe" title="Bumoe – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bumoe" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D3%80%D1%8B" title="ЩӀы – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="ЩӀы" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D3%80%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%83" title="ЧӀыгу – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="ЧӀыгу" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarde" title="Aarde – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Aarde" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erde" title="Erde – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Erde" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%88%AC%E1%89%B5" title="መሬት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መሬት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eenn%C3%A2mp%C3%A1llu" title="Eennâmpállu – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Eennâmpállu" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="धरती – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="धरती" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eor%C3%B0e" title="Eorðe – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Eorðe" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%8C%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Адгьыл – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Адгьыл" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6" title="الأرض – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الأرض" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierra" title="Tierra – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tierra" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90" title="ܐܪܥܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܪܥܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Երկիր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Երկիր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locu" title="Locu – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Locu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8rra" title="Tèrra – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Tèrra" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%B1%E0%A7%80" title="পৃথিৱী – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পৃথিৱী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierra" title="Tierra – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tierra" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aski" title="Aski – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Aski" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="पृथ्वी – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पृथ्वी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvy_(yv%C3%B3ra)" title="Yvy (yvóra) – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yvy (yvóra)" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8C_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Ракь (планета) – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Ракь (планета)" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aka_pacha" title="Aka pacha – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Aka pacha" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yer" title="Yer – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yer" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B1" title="یئر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یئر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gumi" title="Gumi – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Gumi" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugukolo" title="Dugukolo – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Dugukolo" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80" title="পৃথিবী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পৃথিবী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Bumi" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%93-ki%C3%BB" title="Tē-kiû – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tē-kiû" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Bumi" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80" title="Ер – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ер" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Зямля – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Зямля" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Зямля – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Зямля" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="पृथ्वी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पृथ्वी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinaban" title="Kinaban – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kinaban" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F" title="Земя – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Земя" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eadn" title="Eadn – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Eadn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8D" title="སའི་གོ་ལ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སའི་གོ་ལ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemlja_(planeta)" title="Zemlja (planeta) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zemlja (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douar_(planedenn)" title="Douar (planedenn) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Douar (planedenn)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Дэлхэй – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Дэлхэй" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra" title="Terra – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Terra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%95%D1%80" title="Çĕр – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çĕр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalibotan_(planeta)" title="Kalibotan (planeta) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kalibotan (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zem%C4%9B" title="Země – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Země" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierra" title="Tierra – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Tierra" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dziko_Lapansi" title="Dziko Lapansi – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Dziko Lapansi" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinopasi" title="Rinopasi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Rinopasi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charu_cha_pasi" title="Charu cha pasi – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Charu cha pasi" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra_(pianeta)" title="Terra (pianeta) – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Terra (pianeta)" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Ddaear" title="Y Ddaear – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Ddaear" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C5%8Bgbani" title="Tiŋgbani – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Tiŋgbani" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorden" title="Jorden – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jorden" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6" title="لأرض – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لأرض" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eana" title="Eana – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Eana" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erd" title="Erd – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Erd" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erde" title="Erde – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erde" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%84%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ބިން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ބިން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahasdz%C3%A1%C3%A1n" title="Nahasdzáán – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Nahasdzáán" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemja" title="Zemja – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Zemja" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="पृथ्वी – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="पृथ्वी" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%9B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84" title="འཛམ་གླིང – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="འཛམ་གླིང" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maa" title="Maa – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B7" title="Γη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8ra" title="Tèra – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Tèra" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth" title="Earth – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Earth" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Мода (пертпельксэнь вал) – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Мода (пертпельксэнь вал)" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierra" title="Tierra – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tierra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tero" title="Tero – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierra" title="Tierra – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Tierra" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurra" title="Lurra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lurra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="زمین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زمین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunia" title="Dunia – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Dunia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B8r%C3%B0in" title="Jørðin – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Jørðin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terre" title="Terre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Terre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierde" title="Ierde – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ierde" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiere" title="Tiere – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Tiere" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domhan" title="Domhan – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Domhan" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Dowan" title="Yn Dowan – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Dowan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Talamh_(planaid)" title="An Talamh (planaid) – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Talamh (planaid)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra" title="Terra – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Terra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5)" title="Лаьтта (дуне) – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Лаьтта (дуне)" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="地球" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C4%A9" title="Thĩ – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Thĩ" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A" title="زيمي – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="زيمي" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%83%E0%AA%A5%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%80" title="પૃથ્વી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પૃથ્વી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B8%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="धर्तरी – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="धर्तरी" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aigba" title="Aigba – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Aigba" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi-khi%C3%B9" title="Thi-khiù – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thi-khiù" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99_%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Делкә һариг – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Делкә һариг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC" title="지구 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duniya" title="Duniya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Duniya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honua" title="Honua – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Honua" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Երկիր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երկիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="पृथ्वी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पृथ्वी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemja" title="Zemja – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Zemja" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zemlja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tero" title="Tero – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80l%C3%A0" title="Àlà – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Àlà" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daga_(planeta)" title="Daga (planeta) – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Daga (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bumi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra" title="Terra – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Terra" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra" title="Terra – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Terra" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%84%E1%93%87" title="ᓄᓇ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓄᓇ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunaqpak" title="Nunaqpak – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Nunaqpak" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%C3%A6%D1%85%D1%85" title="Зæхх – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Зæхх" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMhlaba" title="UMhlaba – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UMhlaba" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6r%C3%B0in" title="Jörðin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jörðin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra" title="Terra – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Terra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A5" title="כדור הארץ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כדור הארץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bumi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%9Bt%CA%8B" title="Tɛtʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tɛtʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunarsuaq" title="Nunarsuaq – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Nunarsuaq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF" title="ಭೂಮಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭೂಮಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yatu" title="Yatu – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Yatu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джер – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Джер" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90" title="დედამიწა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დედამიწა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8F%D8%AA%DB%81%D9%95_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%BE" title="بُتہٕ راتھ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="بُتہٕ راتھ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemia" title="Zemia – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Zemia" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Жер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dor" title="Dor – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Dor" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isi" title="Isi – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Isi" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isi" title="Isi – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Isi" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunia" title="Dunia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Dunia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83" title="Му – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Му" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntoto" title="Ntoto – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Ntoto" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawava" title="Tawava – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Tawava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%A8" title="Latè – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Latè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%A8" title="Latè – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Latè" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinya_(gerst%C3%AArk)" title="Dinya (gerstêrk) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dinya (gerstêrk)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Жер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%B1%D0%BB%D3%93%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%B9_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Мӱлӓндӹ (планета) – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Мӱлӓндӹ (планета)" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tera" title="Tera – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Tera" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierra" title="Tierra – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Tierra" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB" title="Дуниял – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Дуниял" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%81" title="ໂລກ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໂລກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeme" title="Zeme – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Zeme" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tellus_(planeta)" title="Tellus (planeta) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tellus (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeme" title="Zeme – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zeme" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84erd" title="Äerd – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Äerd" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Чил (планета) – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Чил (планета)" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDem%C4%97" title="Žemė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žemė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A6ra" title="Tæra – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Tæra" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerd" title="Eerd – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Eerd" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabel%C3%A9" title="Mabelé – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mabelé" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tera" title="Tera – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Tera" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mua" title="Mua – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Mua" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/terdi" title="terdi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="terdi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensi" title="Ensi – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Ensi" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tera" title="Tera – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Tera" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6ld" title="Föld – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Föld" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhum%C3%A8" title="Bhumè – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Bhumè" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="पृथ्वी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पृथ्वी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Земја (планета) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Земја (планета)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tany" title="Tany – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF" title="ഭൂമി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭൂമി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Id-Dinja" title="Id-Dinja – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Id-Dinja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papat%C5%AB%C4%81nuku" title="Papatūānuku – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Papatūānuku" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="पृथ्वी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पृथ्वी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90" title="დიხაუჩა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დიხაუჩა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6" title="الارض – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الارض" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%81%A0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD" title="ဂၠးတိ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ဂၠးတိ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%87" title="بنه – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بنه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bumi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bumi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%AA-gi%C3%B9" title="Dê-giù – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dê-giù" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierra" title="Tierra – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Tierra" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%82%D1%8F%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5)" title="Мода (шары тяште) – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Мода (шары тяште)" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Дэлхий – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дэлхий" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%82%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%BA" title="ကမ္ဘာဂြိုဟ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကမ္ဘာဂြိုဟ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlalticpactli" title="Tlalticpactli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlalticpactli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth" title="Earth – Nigerian Pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Earth" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigerian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuravura_(veivuravura)" title="Vuravura (veivuravura) – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Vuravura (veivuravura)" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarde_(planeet)" title="Aarde (planeet) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aarde (planeet)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerde" title="Eerde – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Eerde" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="पृथ्वी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पृथ्वी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80" title="प्रिथिबी – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="प्रिथिबी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="地球" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra" title="Terra – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Terra" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%98%DF%8E%DF%B1" title="ߘߎ߱ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߘߎ߱" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Дуьне – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дуьне" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jard" title="Jard – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Jard" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erth" title="Erth – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Erth" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorden" title="Jorden – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jorden" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorda" title="Jorda – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jorda" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8rre" title="Tèrre – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Tèrre" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tere" title="Tere – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Tere" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8rra" title="Tèrra – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tèrra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82)" title="Мланде (планет) – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мланде (планет)" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%83%E0%AC%A5%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%80" title="ପୃଥିବୀ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପୃଥିବୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafa" title="Lafa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Lafa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yer" title="Yer – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yer" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80" title="ਧਰਤੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਧਰਤੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erde" title="Erde – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Erde" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="زمین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="زمین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F" title="ကမ္ဘာႏဟံႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ကမ္ဘာႏဟံႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tera_(planeta)" title="Tera (planeta) – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Tera (planeta)" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%81%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%87" title="ځمکه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ځمکه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oert" title="Oert – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Oert" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мушар – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Мушар" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B8" title="ផែនដី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ផែនដី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C3%A8re" title="Tière – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Tière" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8ra_(pianeta)" title="Tèra (pianeta) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Tèra (pianeta)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giraun" title="Giraun – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Giraun" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eer" title="Eer – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Eer" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziemia" title="Ziemia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ziemia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B7" title="Γη – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Γη" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra" title="Terra – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Terra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jer" title="Jer – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Jer" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCnya" title="Dünya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Dünya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84%C3%A4d_(Planeet)" title="Ääd (Planeet) – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Ääd (Planeet)" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%83m%C3%A2nt" title="Pământ – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pământ" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phuv" title="Phuv – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Phuv" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra" title="Terra – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Terra" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiqsimuyu" title="Tiqsimuyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tiqsimuyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0)" title="Земля (планета) – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Земля (планета)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Земля – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Земля" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Сир – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сир" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalolagi" title="Lalolagi – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Lalolagi" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="पृथ्वी – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पृथ्वी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AAse_(p%C3%A4l%C3%A4n%C3%AAte)" title="Sêse (pälänête) – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Sêse (pälänête)" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="زمین – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="زمین" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra" title="Terra – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Terra" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yird" title="Yird – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Yird" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84ide" title="Äide – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Äide" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefatshe" title="Lefatshe – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Lefatshe" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefase" title="Lefase – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Lefase" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toka" title="Toka – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Toka" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra_(pianeta)" title="Terra (pianeta) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Terra (pianeta)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%84_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%80" title="මහ පොළොව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මහ පොළොව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%8C%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="ڌرتي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڌرتي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zem" title="Zem – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zem" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zemlja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%99%80%D1%94%D0%BC%D0%BB%D2%84%D1%A3" title="Ꙁємл҄ѣ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Ꙁємл҄ѣ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%B9ymja" title="Źymja – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Źymja" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhul" title="Dhul – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dhul" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%95%D9%88%DB%8C" title="زەوی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زەوی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grontapu" title="Grontapu – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Grontapu" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%99%D0%B0" title="Земља – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Земља" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zemlja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcapada" title="Marcapada – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Marcapada" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maa" title="Maa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorden" title="Jorden – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jorden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daigdig" title="Daigdig – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Daigdig" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF" title="புவி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புவி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akal_(Amtiwg)" title="Akal (Amtiwg) – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Akal (Amtiwg)" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagnit_(Amtiweg)" title="Tagnit (Amtiweg) – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tagnit (Amtiweg)" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terre" title="Terre – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Terre" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Җир – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җир" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%B5%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%BD%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="ၵမ်ႇၽႃႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၵမ်ႇၽႃႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/hiyal" title="hiyal – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="hiyal" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF" title="భూమి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భూమి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rai" title="Rai – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Rai" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81_(%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C)" title="โลก (ดาวเคราะห์) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โลก (ดาวเคราะห์)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piny_nhom" title="Piny nhom – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Piny nhom" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Замин – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Замин" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81mani_(palanite)" title="Māmani (palanite) – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Māmani (palanite)" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A1%E1%8E%B6%E1%8E%AF" title="ᎡᎶᎯ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎡᎶᎯ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF" title="ಭೂಮಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಭೂಮಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCnya" title="Dünya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dünya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Der" title="Ýer – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ýer" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swanta" title="Swanta – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Swanta" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Чер – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Чер" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Музъем – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Музъем" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%92%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%9A" title="ᨒᨗᨊᨚ – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨒᨗᨊᨚ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Земля – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Земля" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="زمین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زمین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%DB%95%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89" title="يەر شارى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يەر شارى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuznamh" title="Giuznamh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Giuznamh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tera" title="Tera – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tera" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma" title="Ma – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A1i_%C4%90%E1%BA%A5t" title="Trái Đất – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trái Đất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tal" title="Tal – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tal" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maa_(hod%27ot%C3%A4ht)" title="Maa (hod'otäht) – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Maa (hod'otäht)" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daegne" title="Daegne – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Daegne" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mma" title="Mma – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Mma" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9D%A4%E8%BC%BF" title="坤輿 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="坤輿" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eirde_(planete)" title="Eirde (planete) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Eirde (planete)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalibotan" title="Kalibotan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kalibotan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suuf" title="Suuf – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Suuf" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="地球" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misava" title="Misava – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Misava" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%93-%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%98" title="ערד-פלאנעט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ערד-פלאנעט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ay%C3%A9" title="Ayé – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ayé" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="地球" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%B1nya" title="Dınya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Dınya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerde" title="Aerde – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Aerde" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDem%C4%97" title="Žemė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Žemė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="地球" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liny%E1%BB%8Dn%CC%84" title="Linyọn̄ – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Linyọn̄" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bumi" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Bumi" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dga mw-list-item"><a href="https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andon%C9%9B%C9%9B" title="Andonɛɛ – Dagaare" lang="dga" hreflang="dga" data-title="Andonɛɛ" data-language-autonym="Dagaare" data-language-local-name="Dagaare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagaare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomogunan" title="Pomogunan – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Pomogunan" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C9%9Bk%C9%9B%CC%81" title="Wɛkɛ́ – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Wɛkɛ́" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth" title="Earth – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Earth" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Bumi" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bumi" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%90%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%B1_%E1%A5%9A%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%B1" title="ᥐᥛᥱ ᥚᥣᥱ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥐᥛᥱ ᥚᥣᥱ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C9%99min" title="Zəmin – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Zəmin" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BD%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D_(%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%A1%E2%B4%B3)" title="ⴰⴽⴰⵍ (ⴰⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ) – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⴽⴰⵍ (ⴰⵎⵜⵉⵡⴳ)" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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Follow the link for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Follow the link for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> <b>Earth</b> is the third <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planet</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>. It is the only planet known to have <a href="/wiki/Life" title="Life">life</a> on it. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9689576">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Earth <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Earth_symbol_(small,_bold).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Astronomical symbol of Earth"><img alt="🜨" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Earth_symbol_%28small%2C_bold%29.svg/24px-Earth_symbol_%28small%2C_bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Earth_symbol_%28small%2C_bold%29.svg/36px-Earth_symbol_%28small%2C_bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Earth_symbol_%28small%2C_bold%29.svg/48px-Earth_symbol_%28small%2C_bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Blue_Marble_(remastered).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt=""The Blue Marble" photograph of Earth taken by the Apollo 17 mission. The Arabian peninsula, Africa and Madagascar lie in the upper half of the disc, whereas Antarctica is at the bottom." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/The_Blue_Marble_%28remastered%29.jpg/220px-The_Blue_Marble_%28remastered%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/The_Blue_Marble_%28remastered%29.jpg/330px-The_Blue_Marble_%28remastered%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/The_Blue_Marble_%28remastered%29.jpg/440px-The_Blue_Marble_%28remastered%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Marble" title="The Blue Marble">The Blue Marble</a></i>, the first full-view photograph of the planet <br /> taken by <a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">Apollo 17</a> <a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">astronauts</a> in 1972</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#f8f9fa">Designations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_adjectivals_and_demonyms_of_astronomical_bodies" title="List of adjectivals and demonyms of astronomical bodies">Adjectives</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Earthly, terrestrial, terran, tellurian</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#f8f9fa"><a href="/wiki/Osculating_orbit" title="Osculating orbit">Orbital characteristics</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)" title="Epoch (astronomy)">Epoch</a> <a href="/wiki/J2000.0" class="mw-redirect" title="J2000.0">J2000</a><sup id="cite_ref-epoch_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epoch-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Perihelion_and_aphelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelion and aphelion">Aphelion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space: nowrap">152<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">100</span><span style="margin-left: 0.25em">000</span></span> km<sup id="cite_ref-apsis_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apsis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>(<span style="white-space: nowrap">94<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">500</span><span style="margin-left: 0.25em">000</span></span> mi; 1.017 AU)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Perihelion_and_aphelion" class="mw-redirect" title="Perihelion and aphelion">Perihelion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space: nowrap">147<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">095</span><span style="margin-left: 0.25em">000</span></span> km<sup id="cite_ref-apsis_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apsis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>(<span style="white-space: nowrap">91<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">401</span><span style="margin-left: 0.25em">000</span></span> mi; <span style="white-space: nowrap">0.983<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">27</span></span> AU)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Semi-major_and_semi-minor_axes" title="Semi-major and semi-minor axes">Semi-major axis</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space: nowrap">149<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">598</span><span style="margin-left: 0.25em">023</span></span> km<sup id="cite_ref-VSOP87_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VSOP87-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>(<span style="white-space: nowrap">92<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">955</span><span style="margin-left: 0.25em">902</span></span> mi; <span style="white-space: nowrap">1.000<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">001</span><span style="margin-left: 0.25em">02</span></span> AU)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">Eccentricity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998167086000000000♠"></span>0.016<span style="margin-left:.25em;">7086</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-VSOP87_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VSOP87-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Orbital period</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space: nowrap">365.256<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">363</span><span style="margin-left: 0.25em">004</span></span> d<sup id="cite_ref-IERS_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IERS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>(<span style="white-space: nowrap">1.000<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">017</span><span style="margin-left: 0.25em">420</span><span style="margin-left: 0.25em">96</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Annum" class="mw-redirect" title="Annum">yr</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Average <a href="/wiki/Orbital_speed" title="Orbital speed">orbital speed</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">29.78 km/s<sup id="cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earth_fact_sheet-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>(<span style="white-space: nowrap">107<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">200</span></span> km/h; <span style="white-space: nowrap">66<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">600</span></span> mph)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Mean_anomaly" title="Mean anomaly">Mean anomaly</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000625904740362451♠"></span>358.617°</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8662964">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999124878307980194♠"></span>7.155°</span> to the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equator</a>;</li><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998275533383683093♠"></span>1.578<span style="margin-left:.25em;">69</span>°</span><sup id="cite_ref-Allen294_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen294-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to <a href="/wiki/Invariable_plane" title="Invariable plane">invariable plane</a>;</li><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6993872664625997166♠"></span>0.000<span style="margin-left:.25em;">05</span>°</span> to J2000 <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic" title="Ecliptic">ecliptic</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Longitude_of_the_ascending_node" title="Longitude of the ascending node">Longitude of ascending node</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="3000803464756118225♠"></span>−11.260<span style="margin-left:.25em;">64</span>°</span><sup id="cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earth_fact_sheet-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to J2000 ecliptic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Argument_of_periapsis" title="Argument of periapsis">Argument of perihelion</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000199330266505796♠"></span>114.207<span style="margin-left:.25em;">83</span>°</span><sup id="cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earth_fact_sheet-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">Satellites</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1 natural satellite: the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a></li><li>5 <a href="/wiki/Quasi-satellite" title="Quasi-satellite">quasi-satellites</a></li><li>>1 800 operational <a href="/wiki/Artificial_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial satellite">artificial satellites</a><sup id="cite_ref-ucs_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucs-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li>>16 000 <a href="/wiki/Space_debris" title="Space debris">space debris</a><sup id="cite_ref-space_debris_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-space_debris-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#f8f9fa"><span class="anchor" id="Infobox_Physical_characteristics"></span>Physical characteristics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Mean radius</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space: nowrap">6<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">371.0</span></span> km <small>(<span style="white-space: nowrap">3<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">958.8</span></span> mi)</small><sup id="cite_ref-hbcp2000_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hbcp2000-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">Equatorial</a> radius</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space: nowrap">6<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">378.1</span></span> km <small>(<span style="white-space: nowrap">3<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">963.2</span></span> mi)</small><sup id="cite_ref-usno_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usno-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WGS-84_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WGS-84-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Geographical_pole" title="Geographical pole">Polar</a> radius</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space: nowrap">6<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">356.8</span></span> km <small>(<span style="white-space: nowrap">3<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">949.9</span></span> mi)</small><sup id="cite_ref-cazenave_ahrens1995_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cazenave_ahrens1995-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Flattening" title="Flattening">Flattening</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6997335280000000000♠"></span>0.003<span style="margin-left:.25em;">3528</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-IERS2004_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IERS2004-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />1/<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002298257222101000♠"></span>298.257<span style="margin-left:.25em;">222</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">101</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/ETRS89" class="mw-redirect" title="ETRS89">ETRS89</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;">Circumference</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><span style="white-space: nowrap">40<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">075.017</span></span> km <small><a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equatorial</a> (<span style="white-space: nowrap">24<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">901.461</span></span> mi)</small><sup id="cite_ref-WGS-84_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WGS-84-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><span style="white-space: nowrap">40<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">007.86</span></span> km <small><a href="/wiki/Meridional" class="mw-redirect" title="Meridional">meridional</a> (<span style="white-space: nowrap">24<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">859.73</span></span> mi)</small><sup id="cite_ref-WGS-84-2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WGS-84-2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-circ_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-circ-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Spheroid#Surface_area" title="Spheroid">Surface area</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><span style="white-space: nowrap">510<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">072</span><span style="margin-left: 0.25em">000</span></span> km<sup>2</sup> <small>(<span style="white-space: nowrap">196<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">940</span><span style="margin-left: 0.25em">000</span></span> sq mi)</small><sup id="cite_ref-Pidwirny_2006_8_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pidwirny_2006_8-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cia_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-surfacecover_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-surfacecover-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><span style="white-space: nowrap">148<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">940</span><span style="margin-left: 0.25em">000</span></span> km<sup>2</sup> land <small>(<span style="white-space: nowrap">57<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">510</span><span style="margin-left: 0.25em">000</span></span> sq mi; 29.2%)</small></li><li><span style="white-space: nowrap">361<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">132</span><span style="margin-left: 0.25em">000</span></span> km<sup>2</sup> water <small>(<span style="white-space: nowrap">139<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">434</span><span style="margin-left: 0.25em">000</span></span> sq mi; 70.8%)</small></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">Volume</a></th><td class="infobox-data">260 billion cubic miles <sup id="cite_ref-devansh_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-devansh-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">Mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7024597237000000000♠"></span>5.972<span style="margin-left:.25em;">37</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>24</sup> kg</span> <small>(<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7024597236001731600♠"></span>1.316<span style="margin-left:.25em;">68</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>25</sup> lb</span>)</small><sup id="cite_ref-Luzum2011_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Luzum2011-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> <small>(<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7024596565000000000♠"></span>3.0<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Solar_mass" title="Solar mass"><i>M</i><sub>☉</sub></a></span>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Mean <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">density</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5.514 g/cm<sup>3</sup> <small>(0.1992 lb/cu in)</small><sup id="cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earth_fact_sheet-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Surface_gravity" title="Surface gravity">Surface gravity</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">9.807 m/s<sup>2</sup> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Gravity_of_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravity of Earth"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠"></span>1 <i>g</i></span></a>; 32.18 ft/s<sup>2</sup>)</small><sup id="cite_ref-NIST2008_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST2008-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Moment_of_inertia_factor" title="Moment of inertia factor">Moment of inertia factor</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.3307<sup id="cite_ref-Williams1994_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams1994-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Escape_velocity" class="mw-redirect" title="Escape velocity">Escape velocity</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">11.186 km/s<sup id="cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earth_fact_sheet-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> <small>(<span style="white-space: nowrap">40<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">270</span></span> km/h; <span style="white-space: nowrap">25<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">020</span></span> mph)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Sidereal <a href="/wiki/Rotation_period" title="Rotation period">rotation period</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004861641003520000♠"></span>0.997<span style="margin-left:.25em;">269</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">68</span> d</span><sup id="cite_ref-Allen296_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen296-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> <small>(23h 56m 4.100s)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Equatorial rotation velocity</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.4651 km/s<sup id="cite_ref-Cox2000_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cox2000-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> <small>(<span style="white-space: nowrap">1<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">674.4</span></span> km/h; <span style="white-space: nowrap">1<span style="margin-left: 0.25em">040.4</span></span> mph)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Axial_tilt" title="Axial tilt">Axial tilt</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6999409092629495479♠"></span>23.439<span style="margin-left:.25em;">2811</span>°</span><sup id="cite_ref-IERS_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IERS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Albedo" title="Albedo">Albedo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li>0.367 <a href="/wiki/Geometric_albedo" title="Geometric albedo">geometric</a><sup id="cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earth_fact_sheet-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li>0.306 <a href="/wiki/Bond_albedo" title="Bond albedo">Bond</a><sup id="cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earth_fact_sheet-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table style="border-spacing: 0px; width:100%; border:none; background-color:#f9f9f9; margin:0; text-align:left; line-height:1.2em; white-space:nowrap"><tbody><tr> <th style="width:33%; padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">Surface <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temp.</a></th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">min</th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">mean</th> <th style="padding-right:0.25em; text-align:left">max</th> </tr><tr> <th style="padding-left:1.0em"><a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">Kelvin</a></th> <td>184 K<sup id="cite_ref-asu_lowest_temp_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asu_lowest_temp-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>288 K<sup id="cite_ref-kinver20091210_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kinver20091210-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>330 K<sup id="cite_ref-asu_highest_temp_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asu_highest_temp-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> </tr><tr> <th style="padding-left:1.0em">Celsius</th> <td>−89.2 °C</td> <td>14.9 °C</td> <td>56.9 °C</td> </tr><tr> <th style="padding-left:1.0em">Fahrenheit</th> <td>−128.5 °F</td> <td>58.7 °F</td> <td>134.3 °F</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#f8f9fa">Atmosphere</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Surface <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">pressure</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005101325000000000♠"></span>101.325 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">kPa</a></span> (at <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">MSL</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_chemistry#Atmospheric_composition" title="Atmospheric chemistry">Composition by volume</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li>78.08% <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> (N<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>; dry air)<sup id="cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earth_fact_sheet-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li>20.95% <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> (O<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span>)</li><li>0.934% <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a></li><li>0.0408% <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a><sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li>~ 1% <a href="/wiki/Water_vapor" title="Water vapor">water vapor</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">climate</a> variable)</small></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Earth <a href="/wiki/Age_of_the_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Age of the Earth">formed about 4.6 billion years ago</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-age_earth_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-age_earth-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is one of four <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_planet" title="Terrestrial planet">rocky planets</a> on the inner side of the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>. The other three are <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mars_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars (planet)">Mars</a>. </p><p>The large <a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">mass</a> of the Sun keeps the Earth in <a href="/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit">orbit</a> through the force of <a href="/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity">gravity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earth also turns around in space, so that different parts face the Sun at different times. Earth goes around the Sun once (one <a href="/wiki/Year" title="Year">year</a>) for every 365<span class="frac nowrap"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></span> times it turns around (one <a href="/wiki/Day" title="Day">day</a>). </p><p>Earth is the only <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planet</a> in the Solar System that has a large amount of <a href="/wiki/Liquid" title="Liquid">liquid</a> <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> on its surface.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 71% of the surface of Earth is covered by liquid or frozen water.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of this, people sometimes call it the blue planet.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of its water, Earth is home to millions of <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animals</a> which need water to survive.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-purves_et_al2001_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-purves_et_al2001-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The things that live on Earth have changed its surface greatly. For example, early <a href="/wiki/Cyanobacteria" title="Cyanobacteria">cyanobacteria</a> changed the <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Earth#History_of_Earth's_atmosphere" title="Atmosphere of Earth">air</a> and gave it <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>. The living part of Earth's surface is called the "<a href="/wiki/Biosphere" title="Biosphere">biosphere</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orbit_and_turning">Orbit and turning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Orbit and turning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Orbit and turning"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AxialTiltObliquity.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/AxialTiltObliquity.png/270px-AxialTiltObliquity.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/AxialTiltObliquity.png/405px-AxialTiltObliquity.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/AxialTiltObliquity.png/540px-AxialTiltObliquity.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>Earth turns at an angle (an "<a href="/wiki/Axial_tilt" title="Axial tilt">axial tilt</a>") in relation to its path around the Sun</figcaption></figure> <p>Earth is one of the eight <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planets</a> in the Solar System. There are also thousands of small bodies which move around the Sun. The Solar System is moving through the <a href="/wiki/Orion_Arm" title="Orion Arm">Orion Arm</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> <a href="/wiki/Galaxy" title="Galaxy">galaxy</a>, and will be for about the next 10,000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Earth is about 150,000,000 kilometres or 93,000,000 miles away from the Sun (this distance is called an "<a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">astronomical unit</a>" or au. It moves on its <a href="/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit">orbit</a> at an <a href="/wiki/Average" title="Average">average</a> speed of about 30 <a href="/wiki/Metre_per_second" title="Metre per second">km/s</a> (19 <a href="/wiki/Mile" title="Mile">mi/s</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earth turns around about 365<span class="frac nowrap"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub></span> times in the time it takes for Earth to go all the way around the Sun.<sup id="cite_ref-IERS_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IERS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To make up this extra bit of a day every year, an <a href="/wiki/Leap_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Leap day">additional day</a> is used every four years. This is called a "<a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">leap year</a>". </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> goes around Earth at an <a href="/wiki/Average" title="Average">average</a> distance of 400,000 kilometres or 250,000 miles. It is <a href="/wiki/Tidal_locking" title="Tidal locking">locked</a> to Earth, so that it always has the same half facing Earth; the other half is called the "dark side of the moon". It takes about 27<span class="frac nowrap"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>3</sub></span> days for the Moon to go all the way around Earth, but because Earth is moving around the Sun at the same time, it takes about 29<span class="frac nowrap"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></span> days for the Moon to go from dark to bright to dark again. This is where the word "<a href="/wiki/Month" title="Month">month</a>" came from, even though most months now have 30 or 31 days.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_Earth">History of Earth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: History of Earth" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: History of Earth"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671799">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Historical_geology" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical geology">Historical geology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Age_of_the_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Age of the Earth">Age of the Earth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giant_impact_hypothesis" title="Giant impact hypothesis">Giant impact hypothesis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Oxygenation_Event" title="Great Oxygenation Event">Great Oxygenation Event</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grand_tack_hypothesis" title="Grand tack hypothesis">Grand tack hypothesis</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Age_of_the_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Age of the Earth">Earth</a> and the other <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planets</a> formed about 4.6 billion years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their origin was different from that of the <a href="/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System" title="Formation and evolution of the Solar System">Sun</a>. The Sun was formed almost entirely of <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a>, while the planets were formed mostly from higher elements. The smaller "rocky" planets are made almost entirely of higher elements. The Sun must have moved through areas where <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernovae</a> had previously exploded.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All the planets have higher elements which are only made in supernovae.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only the so-called "<a href="/wiki/Gas_giants" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas giants">gas giants</a>" have much hydrogen and <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a>. </p><p>The Moon may have been formed after a collision between the early Earth and a smaller planet (sometimes called <i><a href="/wiki/Theia" title="Theia">Theia</a></i>). Scientists believe that parts of both planets broke off – becoming (by <a href="/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity">gravity</a>) the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Earth's water came from different places. <a href="/wiki/Condensation" title="Condensation">Condensing</a> <a href="/wiki/Water_vapour" class="mw-redirect" title="Water vapour">water vapour</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroids</a> hitting Earth, made the <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">oceans</a>. Within a billion years (that is at about 3.6 billion years ago) the first <a href="/wiki/Life" title="Life">life</a> <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolved</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Archaean" title="Archaean">Archaean</a> <a href="/wiki/Era" title="Era">era</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a> developed <a href="/wiki/Photosynthesis" title="Photosynthesis">photosynthesis</a>, which let them make <a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">food</a> from the Sun's <a href="/wiki/Light" title="Light">light</a> and <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>. This released a lot of <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>, which was first taken up by <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> in <a href="/wiki/Solution" class="mw-redirect" title="Solution">solution</a>. After a long time, enough oxygen got into the <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">atmosphere</a> or air, making Earth's surface <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/suitable" class="extiw" title="wikt:suitable">suitable</a> for <a href="/wiki/Aerobic" class="mw-disambig" title="Aerobic">aerobic</a> life (see <a href="/wiki/Great_Oxygenation_Event" title="Great Oxygenation Event">Great Oxygenation Event</a>). This oxygen also formed the <a href="/wiki/Ozone" title="Ozone">ozone</a> <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/layer" class="extiw" title="wikt:layer">layer</a> which protects life from <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolet</a> <a href="/wiki/Radiation" title="Radiation">radiation</a> from the Sun. Complex life on the surface of the land did not exist before the ozone layer.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Earth's land and <a href="/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">climate</a> has been very different in the past. About 3 to 3.5 billion years ago almost all land was in one place. This is called a <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">supercontinent</a>. The earliest known supercontinent was called <a href="/wiki/Vaalbara" title="Vaalbara">Vaalbara</a>. Much later, there many times the Earth was covered in <a href="/wiki/Glaciers" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaciers">ice sheets</a>. (For example, the <a href="/wiki/Cryogenian" title="Cryogenian">Cryogenian</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-snearth_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snearth-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is called the <a href="/wiki/Snowball_Earth" title="Snowball Earth">Snowball Earth</a> <a href="/wiki/Theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Theory">theory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-snearth_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snearth-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology_of_Earth">Geology of Earth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Geology of Earth" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Geology of Earth"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Terrestrial_planet_size_comparisons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Terrestrial_planet_size_comparisons.jpg/220px-Terrestrial_planet_size_comparisons.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Terrestrial_planet_size_comparisons.jpg/330px-Terrestrial_planet_size_comparisons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Terrestrial_planet_size_comparisons.jpg/440px-Terrestrial_planet_size_comparisons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="653" /></a><figcaption>Size of Earth compared with the other <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_planet" title="Terrestrial planet">rocky planets</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Earth is <a href="/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology)">rocky</a>. It is the largest of the rocky planets moving around the Sun by mass and by size. It is much smaller than the <a href="/wiki/Gas_giant" title="Gas giant">gas giants</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemical_make-up">Chemical make-up</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Chemical make-up" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Chemical make-up"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Overall, Earth is made of <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> (32.1<a href="/wiki/Percent" class="mw-redirect" title="Percent">%</a>), <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> (30.1<a href="/wiki/Percent" class="mw-redirect" title="Percent">%</a>), <a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">silicon</a> (15.1<a href="/wiki/Percent" class="mw-redirect" title="Percent">%</a>), <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a> (13.9<a href="/wiki/Percent" class="mw-redirect" title="Percent">%</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a> (2.9<a href="/wiki/Percent" class="mw-redirect" title="Percent">%</a>), <a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a> (1.8<a href="/wiki/Percent" class="mw-redirect" title="Percent">%</a>), <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a> (1.5<a href="/wiki/Percent" class="mw-redirect" title="Percent">%</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a> (1.4<a href="/wiki/Percent" class="mw-redirect" title="Percent">%</a>). The 1.2<a href="/wiki/Percent" class="mw-redirect" title="Percent">%</a> left over is made of many different kinds of other chemicals. Some rare metals (not just <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> and <a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">platinum</a>) are very valuable. <a href="/wiki/Rare_earth_element" title="Rare earth element">Rare earth</a> metals are often used in electronic phones and computers.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The structure of Earth changes from the inside to the outside. The <a href="/wiki/Planetary_core" title="Planetary core">center of Earth</a> (<a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_core" title="Earth's core">Earth's core</a>) is mostly iron (88.8%), nickel (5.8%), sulfur (4.5%), and less than 1% other elements.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_crust" title="Earth's crust">Earth's crust</a> is largely <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> (47%). Oxygen is normally a gas but it can <a href="/wiki/Oxide" title="Oxide">join</a> with other <a href="/wiki/Chemicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemicals">chemicals</a> to make <a href="/wiki/Chemical_compound" title="Chemical compound">compounds</a> like <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> and rocks. 99.22<a href="/wiki/Percent" class="mw-redirect" title="Percent">%</a> of rocks have <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> in them. The most common rocks with oxygen are <a href="/wiki/Silica" class="mw-redirect" title="Silica">silica</a> (made with <a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">silicon</a>), <a href="/wiki/Alumina" class="mw-redirect" title="Alumina">alumina</a> (made with <a href="/wiki/Aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum">aluminium</a>), <a href="/wiki/Rust" title="Rust">rust</a> (made with <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>), <a href="/wiki/Lime_(chemical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lime (chemical)">lime</a> (made with <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a>), <a href="/wiki/Magnesia" title="Magnesia">magnesia</a> (made with <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>), <a href="/wiki/Potash" title="Potash">potash</a> (made with <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a> oxide.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Density">Density</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Density" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Density"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Earth is the <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">densest</a> of all the planets.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a lot of heavy metals in it.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shape">Shape</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Shape" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Shape"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Geoid" title="Geoid">Earth's shape</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Spheroid" title="Spheroid">spheroid</a>: not quite a <a href="/wiki/Sphere" title="Sphere">sphere</a> because it is slightly <a href="/wiki/Oblate" class="mw-redirect" title="Oblate">squashed</a> on the top and bottom. The shape is called an <a href="/wiki/Oblate_spheroid" title="Oblate spheroid">oblate spheroid</a>. As Earth spins around itself, <a href="/wiki/Centrifugal_force" title="Centrifugal force">centrifugal force</a> forces the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equator</a> out a little and pulls the <a href="/wiki/Geographical_pole" title="Geographical pole">poles</a> in a little. The equator, around the middle of Earth's surface, is about 40,075 kilometers or 24,900 miles long.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reason the Earth is roughly a <a href="/wiki/Sphere" title="Sphere">sphere</a> (and so are all planets and stars) is <a href="/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity">gravity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meteorites, on the other hand may be any shape because, in their case, the force of gravity is too weak to change their shape. </p><p>The highest mountain above <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a>—the well-known <a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest">Mount Everest</a> (which is 8,848 metres or 29,029 feet <a href="/wiki/Elevation" title="Elevation">above sea level</a>)—is <i>not</i> actually the one that is the farthest away from the center of the Earth. Instead, the sleeping <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcano</a> <a href="/wiki/Mount_Chimborazo" title="Mount Chimborazo">Mount Chimborazo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> is; it is only 6,263 metres or 20,548 feet <a href="/wiki/Elevation" title="Elevation">above sea level</a> but it is almost at the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equator</a>. Because of this, Mount Chimborazo is 6,384 kilometres or 3,967 miles from the center of the Earth, while <a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest">Mount Everest</a> is closer to it (2 kilometres or 1.2 miles).<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lancet365_9462_831_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lancet365_9462_831-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tall_tales_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tall_tales-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, the lowest point below sea level that we are conscious of is the <a href="/wiki/Challenger_Deep" class="mw-redirect" title="Challenger Deep">Challenger Deep</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Trench" title="Mariana Trench">Mariana Trench</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>. It is about 10,971 metres or 35,994 feet <a href="/wiki/Depth" title="Depth">below sea level</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-kaiko7000_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaiko7000-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but, again, there are probably places at the bottom of the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a> that are nearer to the center of the Earth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Earth’s_core"><span id="Earth.E2.80.99s_core"></span>Earth’s core</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Earth’s core" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Earth’s core"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Earth-crust-cutaway-english.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Earth-crust-cutaway-english.svg/220px-Earth-crust-cutaway-english.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Earth-crust-cutaway-english.svg/330px-Earth-crust-cutaway-english.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Earth-crust-cutaway-english.svg/440px-Earth-crust-cutaway-english.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="995" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption>A picture of the inside of the Earth, showing the different levels. In fact, the air and the outside levels are much thinner than shown here</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Kola_superdeep_borehole" class="mw-redirect" title="Kola superdeep borehole">deepest hole ever dug</a> is only about 12.3 kilometers or 7.6 miles. We know something about the inside of the Earth, because we learn things from <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquakes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_eruptions" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic eruptions">volcanic eruptions</a>. We can detect how quickly <a href="/wiki/Shock_wave" title="Shock wave">shock waves</a> move through the Earth. </p><p>The inside of Earth is very different from the outside. Almost all of Earth's liquid water is in the <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">seas</a> or close to the surface. The surface also has a lot of <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>, which comes from plants. Small and simple kinds of life can live far under the surface, but animals and plants only live on the surface or in the seas. The rocks on the surface of Earth (<a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_crust" title="Earth's crust">Earth's crust</a>) are well known. They are thicker where there is land, between 30 to 50 km or 19 to 31 mi thick. Under the <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">seas</a> they are sometimes only 6 km or 3.7 mi thick.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are three groups of rocks that make up most of the Earth's crust. Some rock is made when the hot liquid rock comes from inside the earth (<a href="/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">igneous rocks</a>); another type of rock is made when <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediment</a> is laid down, usually under the sea (<a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rock" title="Sedimentary rock">sedimentary rocks</a>); and a third kind of rock is made when the other two are changed by very high <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">pressure</a> (<a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_rock" title="Metamorphic rock">metamorphic rocks</a>). </p><p>Below the crust is hot and almost-<a href="/wiki/Liquid" title="Liquid">liquid</a> rock which is always moving around (the <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_mantle" title="Earth's mantle">Earth's mantle</a>). Then, there is a thin liquid layer of heated rock (the <a href="/wiki/Outer_core" class="mw-redirect" title="Outer core">outer core</a>). This is very hot: 7,000 °C or 13,000 °F or 7,300 K.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The middle of the inside of the Earth would be liquid as well but all the pressure of the rock above it makes it a solid. This solid middle part (the <a href="/wiki/Inner_core" class="mw-redirect" title="Inner core">inner core</a>) is almost all <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>. It is what makes the Earth <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_field" title="Magnetic field">magnetic</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pieces_of_the_crust_form_plates">Pieces of the crust form plates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: Pieces of the crust form plates" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Pieces of the crust form plates"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plates_tect2_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Plates_tect2_en.svg/220px-Plates_tect2_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Plates_tect2_en.svg/330px-Plates_tect2_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Plates_tect2_en.svg/440px-Plates_tect2_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4167" data-file-height="2844" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Map" title="Map">picture</a> showing the Earth's largest and most important plates.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">Plate tectonics</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_crust" title="Earth's crust">Earth's crust</a> is solid but made of <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">parts</a> which move very slowly.<sup id="cite_ref-jour_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jour-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The thin skin of hard rock on the outside of the Earth rests on hot liquid material below it in the deeper <a href="/wiki/Mantle_(geology)" title="Mantle (geology)">mantle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TecPlates_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TecPlates-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This liquid material moves because it gets heat from the hot center of the Earth. The slow movement of the plates is a factor in <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcanoes</a> and large groups of mountains on the Earth. </p><p>There are three ways plates can come together. Two plates can move towards each other ("convergent" plate edges). This can form <a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volcanoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanoes">volcanoes</a>, and high <a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">mountain ranges</a> (such as the <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-book1_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-book1-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two plates can move away from each other ("divergent" plate edges). This gives the <a href="/wiki/Magma" title="Magma">warm liquid rock inside the earth</a> a place to come out. This makes <a href="/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid-ocean ridge">special mountain ranges</a> below the sea or large low lands like <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Great_Rift_Valley" title="Great Rift Valley">Great Rift Valley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-'platetectonics.com'_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-'platetectonics.com'-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-'usgs.understanding.com'_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-'usgs.understanding.com'-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plates are able to move beside each other as well ("transform" plate edges, such as the <a href="/wiki/San_Andreas_Fault" title="San Andreas Fault">San Andreas Fault</a>). This makes their edges crush against each other and makes many <a href="/wiki/Earthquakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthquakes">shocks as they move</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-book2_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-book2-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surface">Surface</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Change section: Surface" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Surface"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The outside of the Earth is not even. There are high places called <a href="/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain">mountains</a>, and high flat places called <a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">plateaus</a> or plateaux. There are low places called <a href="/wiki/Valley" title="Valley">valleys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canyon" title="Canyon">canyons</a>. For the most part, moving <a href="/wiki/Wind" title="Wind">air</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rain" title="Rain">water from the sky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tide" title="Tide">seas</a> <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">eats away at rocks in high places and breaks them into small pieces</a>. The air and water then move these pieces to lower places. The fundamental cause of the differences in the Earth's surface is <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">plate tectonics</a>. The shape of the entire planet itself is not a exactly a ball. Because of its spin, Earth has a slight <a href="/wiki/Bulge" class="mw-disambig" title="Bulge">bulge</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">Equator</a>. </p><p>All places on Earth are made of, or are on top of, rocks. The outside of the Earth is usually not uncovered rock. Over 70<a href="/wiki/Percent" class="mw-redirect" title="Percent">%</a> of the Earth is covered by <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">seas</a> full of <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salty</a> water.<sup id="cite_ref-Physical-Hydro_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Physical-Hydro-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This salty water makes up about 97<span class="frac nowrap"><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></span><a href="/wiki/Percent" class="mw-redirect" title="Percent">%</a> of all Earth's water. The drinkable <a href="/wiki/Fresh_water" title="Fresh water">fresh water</a> is mostly in the form of <a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">ice</a>. There is only a small amount (less than 3%) of fresh water in <a href="/wiki/River" title="River">rivers</a> and under the ground for people to drink.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gravity stops the water from going away into <a href="/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space">outer space</a>. Also, much of the land on Earth is covered with plants, or with what is left from earlier living things. Places with very little rain are dry wastes called <a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">deserts</a>. Deserts usually have few living things, but life is able to grow very quickly when these wastes have rainfall. Places with large amounts of rain may be <a href="/wiki/Rain_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Rain forests">rain forests</a>. Lately, people have changed the <a href="/wiki/Environment" title="Environment">environment</a> of the Earth a great deal. As population has increased, so has farming. Farming is done on what were once natural forests and grassland.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Change section: Air" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Air"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table id="Container" role="presentation" class="nomobile toccolours searchaux" style="text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;border-style:solid;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.3em 0 0.8em 1.4em;overflow:hidden;min-width:29.95em"><tbody><tr><td colspan="3" id="Title" style="padding:1em 1em 0 1em"><div style="background-color:#77bb77;padding:0 0.2em 0 0.2em;font-weight:bold;text-align:center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_evolutionary_history_of_life&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of the evolutionary history of life (not yet started)"><span style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:#ffffff;background-color:transparent;;">Life timeline</span></a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" id="Navbox" style="padding:0;margin:0 1em 0 0;text-align:right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122447">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><span>This box: </span><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Life_timeline" title="Template:Life timeline"><span title="View this template">view</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Life_timeline" title="Template talk:Life timeline"><span title="Discuss this template">talk</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Life_timeline&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template">edit</span></a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td id="Scale" style="padding:0;margin:0.7em 0 0.7em 0;width:4.2em;position:relative;float:left;font-size:100%;height:50em;border-right:1px solid #242020"><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:49.56em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−4500 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:48.18em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:46.81em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:45.43em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:44.05em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−4000 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:42.68em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:41.30em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:39.92em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:38.55em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−3500 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:37.17em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:35.79em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:34.42em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:33.04em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−3000 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:31.66em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:30.29em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:28.91em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:27.53em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−2500 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:26.16em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:24.78em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:23.40em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:22.03em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−2000 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:20.65em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:19.27em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:17.90em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:16.52em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−1500 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:15.14em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:13.77em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:12.39em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:11.01em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−1000 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:9.64em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:8.26em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:6.88em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:5.51em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">−500 —</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:4.13em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:2.75em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">—</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:1.38em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">–</span></div><div style="float:right;position:absolute;right:-1px;top:0.00em;transform:translateY(-50%)"><span style="font-size:90%">0 —</span></div></td><td id="Timeline" class="toccolours" style="padding:0px;margin:0.7em 0 0.7em 0;position:relative;font-size:100%;width:13em;height:50em;float:left;border:none"><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#e5cc7f;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:50.000em;left:0.910em;width:12.090em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-25.000em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#aebfd1;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:44.053em;height:4.537em;left:1.040em;width:11.960em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-2.269em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_water_on_Earth" title="Origin of water on Earth">Water</a></div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#aebfd1;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:44.053em;left:1.040em;width:0.130em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-22.026em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#b3d9ff;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:38.546em;height:5.507em;left:1.170em;width:11.830em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-2.753em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Unicellular_organism" title="Unicellular organism">Single-celled life</a></div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#b3d9ff;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:38.546em;left:1.170em;width:0.260em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-19.273em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#99ffff;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:23.128em;height:15.419em;left:1.430em;width:11.570em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-7.709em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Photosynthesis" title="Photosynthesis">Photosynthesis</a></div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#99ffff;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:23.128em;left:1.430em;width:0.260em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-11.564em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#b3ffea;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:17.621em;height:5.507em;left:1.690em;width:11.310em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-2.753em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryotes</a></div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#b3ffea;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:17.621em;left:1.690em;width:0.260em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-8.811em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ccffe7;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:5.958em;height:11.663em;left:1.950em;width:11.050em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-5.831em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Multicellular_organism" title="Multicellular organism">Multicellular life</a></div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ccffe7;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:5.958em;left:1.950em;width:0.260em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-2.979em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#77dd00;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:1.982em;height:7.379em;left:2.210em;width:1.170em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-3.689em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant"><span style="display:block; text-align:center; line-height: 0.85em;">P<br />l<br />a<br />n<br />t<br />s</span></a></div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#77dd00;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:1.982em;left:2.210em;width:0.260em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.991em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ccbbaa;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:2.203em;height:3.756em;left:3.380em;width:9.620em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0.5em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.878em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">Arthropods</a> <a href="/wiki/Mollusca" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusca">Molluscs</a></div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ffff00;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:1.982em;left:2.470em;width:3.510em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:-0.53em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.991em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant#Evolutionary_history" title="Flowering plant">Flowers</a></div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#e6b880;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.721em;height:2.583em;left:3.380em;width:5.070em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0.5em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.291em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">Dinosaurs</a></div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ffcc00;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:2.203em;left:8.580em;width:4.420em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.101em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ffcc00;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.606em;height:1.597em;left:8.450em;width:4.290em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0.15em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.798em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammals</a></div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#e6b880;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:1.333em;left:5.980em;width:2.600em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:-0.225em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.666em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Birds</a></div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ffbbbb;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:0.606em;left:8.710em;width:4.030em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0.1em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:90%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-0.303em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">Primates</a></div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#993c00;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:44.053em;height:5.947em;left:0.000em;width:0.910em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:-0.05em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:100%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-2.974em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="display:block; text-align:center; line-height: 0.80em;"><a href="/wiki/Hadean" title="Hadean"><span style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:#ffffff;background-color:transparent;;">H<br />a<br />d<br />e<br />a<br />n</span></a></span></div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#936a00;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:27.533em;height:16.520em;left:0.000em;width:0.910em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:-1.2em;left:-0.05em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:100%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-8.260em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="display:block; text-align:center; line-height: 0.85em;"><a href="/wiki/Archean" class="mw-redirect" title="Archean"><span style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:#ffffff;background-color:transparent;;"><br /><br /><br />A<br />r<br />c<br />h<br />e<br />a<br />n</span></a></span></div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#f1c309;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:5.958em;height:21.575em;left:0.000em;width:0.910em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:100%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-10.787em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="display:block; text-align:center; line-height: 0.85em;"><a href="/wiki/Proterozoic" title="Proterozoic"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />P<br />r<br />o<br />t<br />e<br />r<br />o<br />z<br />o<br />i<br />c</a></span></div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#c1e0c1;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:5.958em;left:0.000em;width:0.910em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:2em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;font-size:100%;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-2.979em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"><span style="display:block; text-align:center; line-height: 0.85em;"><a href="/wiki/Phanerozoic" title="Phanerozoic">P<br />h<br />a<br />n<br />e<br />r<br />o<br />z<br />o<br />i<br />c</a></span></div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ccbbaa;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:8.260em;left:12.714em;width:0.286em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-4.130em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div><div style="font-size:100%;background-color:#ccbbaa;border-style:none none;position:absolute;text-align:center;margin:0;padding:0;top:0.000em;height:2.203em;left:12.714em;width:0.286em"><div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:0em;left:0em"><div style="position:relative;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;display:block;bottom:-1.101em;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:5"> </div></div></div></td><td id="Annotations" style="padding:0;margin:0.7em 0 0.7em 0;float:left;position:relative;width:11.05em;height:50em"><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:50.000em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:black">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:black;display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Earth" title="Age of Earth">Earth formed</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:48.568em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:black">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0.2em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:black;display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_water_on_Earth" title="Origin of water on Earth">Earliest water</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:47.907em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:black">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:black;display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Last_universal_common_ancestor" class="mw-redirect" title="Last universal common ancestor">LUCA</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:44.053em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:black">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:black;display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Earliest_known_life_forms" title="Earliest known life forms">Earliest fossils</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:42.952em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:black">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:black;display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Late_Heavy_Bombardment" title="Late Heavy Bombardment">LHB meteorites</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:38.546em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:black">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:black;display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">Earliest oxygen</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:31.278em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:black">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:black;display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Mesoarchaean" title="Mesoarchaean">Pongola glaciation</a>*</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:25.330em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:black">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0.2em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:black;display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Great_Oxidation_Event" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Oxidation Event">Atmospheric oxygen</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:24.780em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:black">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:-0.2em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:black;display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Huronian_glaciation" title="Huronian glaciation">Huronian glaciation</a>*</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:22.026em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:black">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:black;display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_reproduction" title="Sexual reproduction">Sexual reproduction</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:17.621em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:black">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:black;display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Multicellular_organism" title="Multicellular organism">Earliest multicellular life</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:16.520em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:black">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:black;display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Fungus" title="Fungus">Earliest fungi</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:9.361em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:black">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0.25em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:black;display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Earliest plants</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:8.260em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:black">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0.4em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:black;display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Earliest animals</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:7.489em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:black">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0.2em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:black;display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Cryogenian" title="Cryogenian">Cryogenian ice age</a>*</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:6.993em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:black">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:-0.2em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:black;display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Ediacaran_biota" title="Ediacaran biota">Ediacaran biota</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:5.958em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:black">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:-0.15em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:black;display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian_explosion" title="Cambrian explosion">Cambrian explosion</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:4.956em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:black">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:-0.1em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:black;display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">Andean glaciation</a>*</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:4.075em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:black">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:-0.1em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:black;display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Tetrapod" title="Tetrapod">Earliest tetrapods</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:3.304em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:black">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:-0.2em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:black;display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">Karoo ice age</a>*</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:0.275em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:black">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:0.3em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:black;display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Ape" title="Ape">Earliest apes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">humans</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table role="presentation" style="position:absolute;z-index:15;top:0.018em;left:0em;transform:translateY(-50%);padding:0;margin:0;font-size:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><span style="color:black">←</span></td><td style="padding:0;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle"><div class="annot-nudge" style="font-size:100%;float:left;position:relative;top:-0.4em"><div style="z-index:10;font-size:90%;color:black;display:block;line-height:105%;bottom:0"><a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">Quaternary ice age</a>*</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td id="Caption" colspan="3" style="padding:0;margin:0 0.2em 0.7em 0.2em"><div id="Caption" class="toccolours" style="margin:0 0.5em;border-style:none;clear:both;text-align:center;width:26.8em"><div style="float:left;font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Myr" title="Myr">million years ago</a>)</div><div style="float:right;font-size:95%;">*<i><a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">Ice Ages</a></i></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">Atmosphere</a></div> <p>All around the Earth is the of air (the <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">atmosphere</a>). The mass of the Earth holds the <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gasses</a> in the air down and does not let them go into outer space. The air is mostly made of <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> (about 78<a href="/wiki/Percent" class="mw-redirect" title="Percent">%</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> (about 21<a href="/wiki/Percent" class="mw-redirect" title="Percent">%</a>) and there are a few other gasses as well.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Living things need both the air and water. </p><p>The air, which animals and plants use to live, is only the first level of the air around the Earth (the <a href="/wiki/Troposphere" title="Troposphere">troposphere</a>). The day to day changes in this level of air are called <a href="/wiki/Weather" title="Weather">weather</a>; the larger differences between distant places, and from year to year, are called the <a href="/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">climate</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rain" title="Rain">Rain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Storm" title="Storm">storms</a> come about because this part of the air gets colder as it goes up. <a href="/wiki/Convection" title="Convection">Cold air becomes thicker and falls, and warm air becomes thinner and goes up</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The turning Earth also moves the air as well and air moves north and south because the middle of the Earth generally gets more power from the Sun and is warmer than the north and south points. Air over warm water <a href="/wiki/Evaporation" title="Evaporation">evaporates</a> but, because cold air is not able to take in as much water, it starts to make <a href="/wiki/Cloud" title="Cloud">clouds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rain" title="Rain">rain</a> as it gets colder. The way water moves around in a circle like this is called the <a href="/wiki/Water_cycle" title="Water cycle">water cycle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Above this first level, there are four other levels. The air gets colder as it goes up in the first level; in the second level (the <a href="/wiki/Stratosphere" title="Stratosphere">stratosphere</a>), the air gets warmer as it goes up. This level has a special kind of <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> called <a href="/wiki/Ozone" title="Ozone">ozone</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ozone" title="Ozone">ozone</a> in this air keeps living things safe from <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultraviolet radiation">damaging rays from the Sun</a>. The power from these rays is what makes this level warmer and warmer. The middle level (the <a href="/wiki/Mesosphere" title="Mesosphere">mesosphere</a>) gets colder and colder with height; the fourth level (the <a href="/wiki/Thermosphere" title="Thermosphere">thermosphere</a>) gets warmer and warmer; and the last level (the <a href="/wiki/Exosphere" title="Exosphere">exosphere</a>) is almost outer space and has very little air at all. It reaches about half the way to the Moon. The three outer levels have a lot of <a href="/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">electric power</a> moving through them; this is called the <a href="/wiki/Ionosphere" title="Ionosphere">ionosphere</a> and is important for <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a> and other electric waves in the air. </p><p>Even though air seems very light, the weight of all of the air above the outside of the Earth (<a href="/wiki/Air_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Air pressure">air pressure</a>) is important. Generally, from <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a> to the top of <a href="/wiki/Exosphere" title="Exosphere">the outer level of the air</a>, a space of air one <a href="/wiki/Square_centimeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Square centimeter">cm<sup>2</sup></a> across has a mass of about 1.03 <a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kg</a> and a space of air one <a href="/wiki/Square_inch" class="mw-redirect" title="Square inch">sq in</a> across has a weight of about 14.7 <a href="/wiki/Pound_(mass)" title="Pound (mass)">lb</a>. Because of friction in the air, small meteorites generally burn up long before they get to the Earth. </p><p>The air also keeps the Earth warm, specially the half turned away from the Sun. Some gasses – especially <a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">methane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a> – <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_effect" title="Greenhouse effect">work like a blanket to keep things warm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="#History_of_Earth">In the past</a>, the Earth has been much warmer and much colder than it is now. Since people have adapted to the heat we have now, we do not want the Earth to be too much warmer or colder. Most of the ways people create <a href="/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">electric power</a> use burning kinds of <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a> – especially <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">oil</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a>. Burning these fuels creates more <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a> which causes more warming. A <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">discussion</a> is going on now about what people should do about <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" title="Global warming">the Earth's latest warming</a>, which has gone on for about 150 years. So far, this warming has been acceptable: plants have grown better. The weather has generally been better than <a href="/wiki/Little_Ice_Age" title="Little Ice Age">when it was colder</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People">People</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Change section: People" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: People"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">Human</a></div> <p>About eight <a href="/wiki/1,000,000,000" title="1,000,000,000">billion</a> people live on Earth. They live in about 200 different lands called <a href="/wiki/Countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Countries">countries</a>. Some, for example, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, are large with many large cities. Others, for example, <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>, are small. The seven countries with the most people are <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>. About 90% of people live in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_hemisphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern hemisphere">northern hemisphere</a> of the world, which has most of the land. Human beings originally came from <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. Now, 70% of all people do not live in Africa but in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Population_density.png"><img alt="" resource="/wiki/File:Population_density.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Population_density.png/350px-Population_density.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Population_density.png/525px-Population_density.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Population_density.png/700px-Population_density.png 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>The distribution of human <a href="/wiki/World_population" title="World population">world population</a> in 2018</figcaption></figure> <p>People change the Earth in many ways. They have been able to grow plants for food and clothes for about ten thousand years. When there was enough food, they were able to build towns and cities. Near these places, men and women were able to change rivers, <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">bring water to farms</a>, and stop <a href="/wiki/Flood" title="Flood">floods</a> (rising water) from coming over their land. People found useful animals and <a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">bred</a> them so they were easier to keep.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Future">Future</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Change section: Future" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Future"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is wide agreement that the long-term future of Earth is tied to the future of the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As time passes, the Sun will get hotter, and that will eventually make the Earth a planet without life. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Change section: Gallery" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Gallery"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9496804/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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.trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:892px;max-width:892px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center"><span style="float:left;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="This template contains clickable links"><img alt="This template contains clickable links" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/12px-Interactive_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/18px-Interactive_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/24px-Interactive_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200" /></span></span></span><div style="float: left;font-size:85%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clickable" class="extiw" title="w:Clickable">Clickable</a></div><a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">Life on Earth</a><div style="float: right;font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Template:LifeOnEarth" title="Template:LifeOnEarth">view</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:LifeOnEarth" title="Template talk:LifeOnEarth">discuss</a>)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:72px;max-width:72px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sabaa_Nissan_Militiaman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Sabaa_Nissan_Militiaman.jpg/70px-Sabaa_Nissan_Militiaman.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Sabaa_Nissan_Militiaman.jpg/105px-Sabaa_Nissan_Militiaman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Sabaa_Nissan_Militiaman.jpg/140px-Sabaa_Nissan_Militiaman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">0.2 mya<br />Humans</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:110px;max-width:110px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxalis-pes-caprae-16c-Zachi-Evenor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Oxalis-pes-caprae-16c-Zachi-Evenor.jpg/108px-Oxalis-pes-caprae-16c-Zachi-Evenor.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Oxalis-pes-caprae-16c-Zachi-Evenor.jpg/162px-Oxalis-pes-caprae-16c-Zachi-Evenor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Oxalis-pes-caprae-16c-Zachi-Evenor.jpg/216px-Oxalis-pes-caprae-16c-Zachi-Evenor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">180 mya<br />Flowers</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:77px;max-width:77px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oryctolagus_cuniculus_Tasmania_2-mirror.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Oryctolagus_cuniculus_Tasmania_2-mirror.jpg/75px-Oryctolagus_cuniculus_Tasmania_2-mirror.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Oryctolagus_cuniculus_Tasmania_2-mirror.jpg/113px-Oryctolagus_cuniculus_Tasmania_2-mirror.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Oryctolagus_cuniculus_Tasmania_2-mirror.jpg/150px-Oryctolagus_cuniculus_Tasmania_2-mirror.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1367" data-file-height="1709" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">200 mya<br />Mammals</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:133px;max-width:133px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AlamosaurusDB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/AlamosaurusDB.jpg/131px-AlamosaurusDB.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/AlamosaurusDB.jpg/197px-AlamosaurusDB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/AlamosaurusDB.jpg/262px-AlamosaurusDB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="642" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">240 mya<br />Dinosaurs</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:141px;max-width:141px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clouds_over_the_Atlantic_Ocean.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Clouds_over_the_Atlantic_Ocean.jpg/139px-Clouds_over_the_Atlantic_Ocean.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Clouds_over_the_Atlantic_Ocean.jpg/209px-Clouds_over_the_Atlantic_Ocean.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Clouds_over_the_Atlantic_Ocean.jpg/278px-Clouds_over_the_Atlantic_Ocean.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3755" data-file-height="2513" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">3500 mya<br />Oxygen</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:106px;max-width:106px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Halobacteria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Halobacteria.jpg/104px-Halobacteria.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Halobacteria.jpg/156px-Halobacteria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Halobacteria.jpg/208px-Halobacteria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="251" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Earliest_known_life_forms" title="Earliest known life forms">4000 mya<br />Microbes</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Water_drop_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Water_drop_001.jpg/140px-Water_drop_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Water_drop_001.jpg/210px-Water_drop_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Water_drop_001.jpg/280px-Water_drop_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3714" data-file-height="2475" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">4410 mya<br />Water</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:95px;max-width:95px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/93px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/140px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/186px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">4540 mya<br />Earth</a></div></div></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9496804/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:891px;max-width:891px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center"><span style="float:left;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="This template contains clickable links"><img alt="This template contains clickable links" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/12px-Interactive_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/18px-Interactive_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/24px-Interactive_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200" /></span></span></span><div style="float: left;font-size:85%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clickable" class="extiw" title="w:Clickable">Clickable</a></div><a href="/wiki/Universe" title="Universe">Location of Earth</a><div style="float: right;font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Template:LocationOfEarth" title="Template:LocationOfEarth">view</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:LocationOfEarth" title="Template talk:LocationOfEarth">discuss</a>)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:89px;max-width:89px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/87px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/131px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/174px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Earth</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:116px;max-width:116px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Montagem_Sistema_Solar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Montagem_Sistema_Solar.jpg/114px-Montagem_Sistema_Solar.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Montagem_Sistema_Solar.jpg/171px-Montagem_Sistema_Solar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Montagem_Sistema_Solar.jpg/228px-Montagem_Sistema_Solar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2925" data-file-height="2229" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:91px;max-width:91px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rho_Ophiuchi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Rho_Ophiuchi.jpg/89px-Rho_Ophiuchi.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Rho_Ophiuchi.jpg/134px-Rho_Ophiuchi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Rho_Ophiuchi.jpg/178px-Rho_Ophiuchi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10300" data-file-height="10100" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Gould Belt</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:99px;max-width:99px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Milky_Way_Arms_ssc2008-10.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Milky_Way_Arms_ssc2008-10.svg/97px-Milky_Way_Arms_ssc2008-10.svg.png" decoding="async" width="97" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Milky_Way_Arms_ssc2008-10.svg/146px-Milky_Way_Arms_ssc2008-10.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Milky_Way_Arms_ssc2008-10.svg/194px-Milky_Way_Arms_ssc2008-10.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="461" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Orion_Arm" title="Orion Arm">Orion Arm</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:89px;max-width:89px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_(updated_-_annotated).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_%28updated_-_annotated%29.jpg/87px-Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_%28updated_-_annotated%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_%28updated_-_annotated%29.jpg/131px-Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_%28updated_-_annotated%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_%28updated_-_annotated%29.jpg/174px-Artist%27s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way_%28updated_-_annotated%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5600" data-file-height="5600" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Local_Group_and_nearest_galaxies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Local_Group_and_nearest_galaxies.jpg/117px-Local_Group_and_nearest_galaxies.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Local_Group_and_nearest_galaxies.jpg/176px-Local_Group_and_nearest_galaxies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Local_Group_and_nearest_galaxies.jpg/234px-Local_Group_and_nearest_galaxies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4249" data-file-height="3169" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Local_Group" title="Local Group">Local Group</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Local_supercluster-ly.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Local_supercluster-ly.jpg/90px-Local_supercluster-ly.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Local_supercluster-ly.jpg/135px-Local_supercluster-ly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Local_supercluster-ly.jpg/180px-Local_supercluster-ly.jpg 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="413" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Virgo_Supercluster" title="Virgo Supercluster">Virgo SCl</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:89px;max-width:89px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Observable_universe_r2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Observable_universe_r2.jpg/87px-Observable_universe_r2.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Observable_universe_r2.jpg/131px-Observable_universe_r2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Observable_universe_r2.jpg/174px-Observable_universe_r2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Great_Wall" title="Great Wall">Laniakea SCl</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:89px;max-width:89px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Observable_Universe_with_Measurements_01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Observable_Universe_with_Measurements_01.png/87px-Observable_Universe_with_Measurements_01.png" decoding="async" width="87" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Observable_Universe_with_Measurements_01.png/131px-Observable_Universe_with_Measurements_01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Observable_Universe_with_Measurements_01.png/174px-Observable_Universe_with_Measurements_01.png 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Observable_universe" title="Observable universe">Our Universe</a></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9467161">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System" title="Formation and evolution of the Solar System">Formation and evolution of the Solar System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_the_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Age of the Earth">Age of the Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_planets" title="List of planets">List of planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_Earth" title="Structure of the Earth">Structure of the Earth</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724317"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-epoch-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-epoch_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">All astronomical quantities vary, both in time (secularly) and frequency (periodically). The quantities given are the values at the instant <a href="/wiki/J2000.0" class="mw-redirect" title="J2000.0">J2000.0</a> of the secular variation, ignoring all periodic variations.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apsis-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-apsis_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-apsis_2-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">aphelion = <i>a</i> × (1 + <i>e</i>); perihelion = <i>a</i> × (1 – <i>e</i>), where <i>a</i> is the semi-major axis and <i>e</i> is the eccentricity. The difference between Earth's perihelion and aphelion is 5 million kilometers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VSOP87-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-VSOP87_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-VSOP87_3-1">3.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSimonBretagnonChaprontChapront-Touzé1994" class="citation journal cs1">Simon, J.L.; Bretagnon, P.; Chapront, J.; Chapront-Touzé, M.; Francou, G.; Laskar, J. (February 1994). "Numerical expressions for precession formulae and mean elements for the Moon and planets". <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. <b>282</b> (2): 663–83. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994A&A...282..663S">1994A&A...282..663S</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+and+Astrophysics&rft.atitle=Numerical+expressions+for+precession+formulae+and+mean+elements+for+the+Moon+and+planets&rft.volume=282&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=663-83&rft.date=1994-02&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1994A%26A...282..663S&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=J.L.&rft.au=Bretagnon%2C+P.&rft.au=Chapront%2C+J.&rft.au=Chapront-Touz%C3%A9%2C+M.&rft.au=Francou%2C+G.&rft.au=Laskar%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IERS-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IERS_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IERS_4-1">4.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-IERS_4-2">4.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2007" class="citation web cs1">Staff (7 August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/models/constants.html">"Useful Constants"</a>. International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Useful+Constants&rft.pub=International+Earth+Rotation+and+Reference+Systems+Service&rft.date=2007-08-07&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhpiers.obspm.fr%2Feop-pc%2Fmodels%2Fconstants.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-earth_fact_sheet-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_5-1">5.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_5-2">5.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_5-3">5.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_5-4">5.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_5-5">5.5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_5-6">5.6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-earth_fact_sheet_5-7">5.7</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2017" class="citation web cs1">Williams, David R. (16 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html">"Earth Fact Sheet"</a>. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Earth+Fact+Sheet&rft.pub=NASA%2FGoddard+Space+Flight+Center&rft.date=2017-03-16&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fplanetary%2Ffactsheet%2Fearthfact.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allen294-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Allen294_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFAllenCox2000" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Clabon Walter; Cox, Arthur N. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w8PK2XFLLH8C&pg=PA294"><i>Allen's Astrophysical Quantities</i></a>. Springer. p. 294. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-98746-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-98746-0"><bdi>978-0-387-98746-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Allen%27s+Astrophysical+Quantities&rft.pages=294&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-387-98746-0&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Clabon+Walter&rft.au=Cox%2C+Arthur+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw8PK2XFLLH8C%26pg%3DPA294&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ucs-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ucs_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear-weapons/space-weapons/satellite-database">"UCS Satellite Database"</a>. <i>Nuclear Weapons & Global Security</i>. Union of Concerned Scientists. 10 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Weapons+%26+Global+Security&rft.atitle=UCS+Satellite+Database&rft.date=2018-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucsusa.org%2Fnuclear-weapons%2Fspace-weapons%2Fsatellite-database&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-space_debris-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-space_debris_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">As of 4 January 2018, the United States Strategic Command tracked a total of 18,835 artificial objects, mostly debris. See: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFAnz-MeadorShoots2018" class="citation journal cs1">Anz-Meador, Phillip; Shoots, Debi, eds. (February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/quarterly-news/pdfs/odqnv22i1.pdf">"Satellite Box Score"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Orbital Debris Quarterly News</i>. <b>22</b> (1): 12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Orbital+Debris+Quarterly+News&rft.atitle=Satellite+Box+Score&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=12&rft.date=2018-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Forbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov%2Fquarterly-news%2Fpdfs%2Fodqnv22i1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hbcp2000-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-hbcp2000_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFLide2000" class="citation book cs1">Lide, David R. (2000). David R. Lide (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crchandbookofche0000unse_u9i8"><i>Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i></a> (81st ed.). CRC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-0481-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-0481-1"><bdi>978-0-8493-0481-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.edition=81st&rft.pub=CRC&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-0481-1&rft.aulast=Lide&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcrchandbookofche0000unse_u9i8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usno-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-usno_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130826043456/http://asa.usno.navy.mil/SecK/2011/Astronomical_Constants_2011.txt">"Selected Astronomical Constants, 2011"</a>. <i>The Astronomical Almanac</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asa.usno.navy.mil/SecK/2011/Astronomical_Constants_2011.txt">the original</a> on 26 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Astronomical+Almanac&rft.atitle=Selected+Astronomical+Constants%2C+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasa.usno.navy.mil%2FSecK%2F2011%2FAstronomical_Constants_2011.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WGS-84-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-WGS-84_11-0">11.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-WGS-84_11-1">11.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/World_Geodetic_System" title="World Geodetic System">World Geodetic System</a> (<i>WGS-84</i>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/wgs84/">Available online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200311023739/https://earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/wgs84/">Archived</a> 2020-03-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from <a href="/wiki/National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency" title="National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency">National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cazenave_ahrens1995-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-cazenave_ahrens1995_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFCazenave1995" class="citation book cs1">Cazenave, Anny (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061016024803/http://www.agu.org/reference/gephys/5_cazenave.pdf">"Geoid, Topography and Distribution of Landforms"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Ahrens, Thomas J (ed.). <i>Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants</i>. AGU Reference Shelf. Vol. 1. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995geph.conf.....A">1995geph.conf.....A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2FRF001">10.1029/RF001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87590-851-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87590-851-9"><bdi>978-0-87590-851-9</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agu.org/reference/gephys/5_cazenave.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Geoid%2C+Topography+and+Distribution+of+Landforms&rft.btitle=Global+Earth+Physics%3A+A+Handbook+of+Physical+Constants&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=AGU+Reference+Shelf&rft.pub=American+Geophysical+Union&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2FRF001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1995geph.conf.....A&rft.isbn=978-0-87590-851-9&rft.aulast=Cazenave&rft.aufirst=Anny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agu.org%2Freference%2Fgephys%2F5_cazenave.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IERS2004-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-IERS2004_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Earth_Rotation_and_Reference_Systems_Service_(IERS)_Working_Group2004" class="citation book cs1">International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) Working Group (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iers.org/SharedDocs/Publikationen/EN/IERS/Publications/tn/TechnNote32/tn32_009.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1">"General Definitions and Numerical Standards"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In McCarthy, Dennis D.; Petit, Gérard (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iers.org/SharedDocs/Publikationen/EN/IERS/Publications/tn/TechnNote32/tn32.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1"><i>IERS Conventions (2003</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Dennis D. McCarthy, Gérard Petit, IERS Convertions Centre. Frankfurt am Main: Verlag des Bundesamts für Kartographie und Geodäsie. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89888-884-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-89888-884-4"><bdi>978-3-89888-884-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=General+Definitions+and+Numerical+Standards&rft.btitle=IERS+Conventions+%282003&rft.place=Frankfurt+am+Main&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Verlag+des+Bundesamts+f%C3%BCr+Kartographie+und+Geod%C3%A4sie&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-3-89888-884-4&rft.au=International+Earth+Rotation+and+Reference+Systems+Service+%28IERS%29+Working+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iers.org%2FSharedDocs%2FPublikationen%2FEN%2FIERS%2FPublications%2Ftn%2FTechnNote32%2Ftn32_009.pdf%3F__blob%3DpublicationFile%26v%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WGS-84-2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WGS-84-2_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFHumerfelt2010" class="citation web cs1">Humerfelt, Sigurd (26 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110424104419/http://home.online.no/~sigurdhu/WGS84_Eng.html">"How WGS 84 defines Earth"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.online.no/~sigurdhu/WGS84_Eng.html">the original</a> on 24 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+WGS+84+defines+Earth&rft.date=2010-10-26&rft.aulast=Humerfelt&rft.aufirst=Sigurd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.online.no%2F~sigurdhu%2FWGS84_Eng.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-circ-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-circ_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Earth's <a href="/wiki/Circumference" title="Circumference">circumference</a> is almost exactly 40,000 km because the metre was calibrated on this measurement—more specifically, 1/10-millionth of the distance between the poles and the equator.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pidwirny_2006_8-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Pidwirny_2006_8_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFPidwirny2006" class="citation journal cs1">Pidwirny, Michael (2 February 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8o.html">"Surface area of our planet covered by oceans and continents.(Table 8o-1)"</a>. <i>Fundamentals EBook</i>. University of British Columbia, Okanagan<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamentals+EBook&rft.atitle=Surface+area+of+our+planet+covered+by+oceans+and+continents.%28Table+8o-1%29&rft.date=2006-02-02&rft.aulast=Pidwirny&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.physicalgeography.net%2Ffundamentals%2F8o.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cia-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-cia_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2008" class="citation web cs1">Staff (24 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100105171656/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html">"World"</a>. <i>The World Factbook</i>. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html">the original</a> on 5 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=World&rft.date=2008-07-24&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fxx.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-surfacecover-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-surfacecover_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Due to natural fluctuations, ambiguities surrounding <a href="/wiki/Ice_shelf" title="Ice shelf">ice shelves</a>, and mapping conventions for <a href="/wiki/Vertical_datum" title="Vertical datum">vertical datums</a>, exact values for land and ocean coverage are not meaningful. Based on data from the <a href="/wiki/Vector_Map" title="Vector Map">Vector Map</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.landcover.org/">Global Landcover</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326085837/http://www.landcover.org/">Archived</a> 2015-03-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> datasets, extreme values for coverage of lakes and streams are 0.6% and 1.0% of Earth's surface. The ice shields of <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> are counted as land, even though much of the rock that supports them lies below sea level.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-devansh-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-devansh_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531054900/https://factshungry.com/mind-blowing-facts-about-earth/">"Earth's facts"</a>. factshungry. 10 May 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://factshungry.com/mind-blowing-facts-about-earth/">the original</a> on 31 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Earth%27s+facts&rft.pub=factshungry&rft.date=2021-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffactshungry.com%2Fmind-blowing-facts-about-earth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Luzum2011-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Luzum2011_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFLuzumCapitaineFiengaFolkner2011" class="citation journal cs1">Luzum, Brian; Capitaine, Nicole; Fienga, Agnès; Folkner, William; Fukushima, Toshio; et al. (August 2011). "The IAU 2009 system of astronomical constants: The report of the IAU working group on numerical standards for Fundamental Astronomy". <i>Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy</i>. <b>110</b> (4): 293–304. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011CeMDA.110..293L">2011CeMDA.110..293L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10569-011-9352-4">10.1007/s10569-011-9352-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0923-2958">0923-2958</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:122755461">122755461</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Celestial+Mechanics+and+Dynamical+Astronomy&rft.atitle=The+IAU+2009+system+of+astronomical+constants%3A+The+report+of+the+IAU+working+group+on+numerical+standards+for+Fundamental+Astronomy&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=293-304&rft.date=2011-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10569-011-9352-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A122755461%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0923-2958&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011CeMDA.110..293L&rft.aulast=Luzum&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.au=Capitaine%2C+Nicole&rft.au=Fienga%2C+Agn%C3%A8s&rft.au=Folkner%2C+William&rft.au=Fukushima%2C+Toshio&rft.au=Hilton%2C+James&rft.au=Hohenkerk%2C+Catherine&rft.au=Krasinsky%2C+George&rft.au=Petit%2C+G%C3%A9rard&rft.au=Pitjeva%2C+Elena&rft.au=Soffel%2C+Michael&rft.au=Wallace%2C+Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NIST2008-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NIST2008_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160603215953/http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP330/sp330.pdf"><i>The international system of units (SI)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (2008 ed.). United States Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 330. p. 52. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP330/sp330.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+international+system+of+units+%28SI%29&rft.pages=52&rft.edition=2008&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Commerce%2C+National+Institute+of+Standards+and+Technology+Special+Publication+330&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphysics.nist.gov%2FPubs%2FSP330%2Fsp330.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams1994-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Williams1994_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1994" class="citation journal cs1">Williams, James G. (1994). "Contributions to the Earth's obliquity rate, precession, and nutation". <i>The Astronomical Journal</i>. <b>108</b>: 711. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994AJ....108..711W">1994AJ....108..711W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F117108">10.1086/117108</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-6256">0004-6256</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:122370108">122370108</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astronomical+Journal&rft.atitle=Contributions+to+the+Earth%27s+obliquity+rate%2C+precession%2C+and+nutation&rft.volume=108&rft.pages=711&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F117108&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A122370108%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0004-6256&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1994AJ....108..711W&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=James+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allen296-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Allen296_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFAllenCox2000" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Clabon Walter; Cox, Arthur N. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w8PK2XFLLH8C&pg=PA296"><i>Allen's Astrophysical Quantities</i></a>. Springer. p. 296. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-98746-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-98746-0"><bdi>978-0-387-98746-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Allen%27s+Astrophysical+Quantities&rft.pages=296&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-387-98746-0&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Clabon+Walter&rft.au=Cox%2C+Arthur+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw8PK2XFLLH8C%26pg%3DPA296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cox2000-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Cox2000_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFAllenCox2000" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Clabon Walter; Cox, Arthur N. (2000). Arthur N. Cox (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w8PK2XFLLH8C&pg=PA244"><i>Allen's Astrophysical Quantities</i></a> (4th ed.). New York: AIP Press. p. 244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-98746-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-98746-0"><bdi>978-0-387-98746-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Allen%27s+Astrophysical+Quantities&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=244&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=AIP+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-387-98746-0&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Clabon+Walter&rft.au=Cox%2C+Arthur+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw8PK2XFLLH8C%26pg%3DPA244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asu_lowest_temp-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-asu_lowest_temp_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100616025722/http://wmo.asu.edu/world-lowest-temperature">"World: Lowest Temperature"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/WMO" class="mw-redirect" title="WMO">WMO</a> Weather and Climate Extremes Archive</i>. <a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_University" title="Arizona State University">Arizona State University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wmo.asu.edu/world-lowest-temperature">the original</a> on 16 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WMO+Weather+and+Climate+Extremes+Archive&rft.atitle=World%3A+Lowest+Temperature&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwmo.asu.edu%2Fworld-lowest-temperature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kinver20091210-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-kinver20091210_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFKinver2009" class="citation news cs1">Kinver, Mark (10 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8406839.stm">"Global average temperature may hit record level in 2010"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Global+average+temperature+may+hit+record+level+in+2010&rft.date=2009-12-10&rft.aulast=Kinver&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fscience%2Fnature%2F8406839.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asu_highest_temp-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-asu_highest_temp_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130104143844/http://wmo.asu.edu/world-highest-temperature">"World: Highest Temperature"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/WMO" class="mw-redirect" title="WMO">WMO</a> Weather and Climate Extremes Archive</i>. <a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_University" title="Arizona State University">Arizona State University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wmo.asu.edu/world-highest-temperature">the original</a> on 4 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WMO+Weather+and+Climate+Extremes+Archive&rft.atitle=World%3A+Highest+Temperature&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwmo.asu.edu%2Fworld-highest-temperature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/gl_trend.html">"Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: Recent Global CO<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;"><br />2</span> Trend"</a>. <i>Earth System Research Laboratory</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. 26 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180726210430/https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/gl_trend.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Earth+System+Research+Laboratory&rft.atitle=Trends+in+Atmospheric+Carbon+Dioxide%3A+Recent+Global+CO%3Cspan+style%3D%22display%3Ainline-block%3B+margin-bottom%3A-0.3em%3B+vertical-align%3A-0.4em%3B+line-height%3A1.2em%3B+font-size%3A70%25%3B+text-align%3Aleft%3B%22%3E%3Cbr+%2F%3E2%3C%2Fspan%3E+Trend&rft.date=2018-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esrl.noaa.gov%2Fgmd%2Fccgg%2Ftrends%2Fgl_trend.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-age_earth-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-age_earth_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFDalrymple2001" class="citation journal cs1">Dalrymple, G. Brent (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sp.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/190/1/205">"The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved"</a>. <i>Geological Society, London, Special Publications</i>. <b>190</b> (1): 205–221. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001GSLSP.190..205D">2001GSLSP.190..205D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1144%2FGSL.SP.2001.190.01.14">10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:130092094">130092094</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geological+Society%2C+London%2C+Special+Publications&rft.atitle=The+age+of+the+Earth+in+the+twentieth+century%3A+a+problem+%28mostly%29+solved&rft.volume=190&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=205-221&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A130092094%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1144%2FGSL.SP.2001.190.01.14&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001GSLSP.190..205D&rft.aulast=Dalrymple&rft.aufirst=G.+Brent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsp.lyellcollection.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F190%2F1%2F205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dalrymple G. Brent 2004. <i>Ancient Earth, ancient skies: the age of Earth and its cosmic surroundings</i>. Stanford. p26, table 3.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System" title="Formation and evolution of the Solar System">Formation and evolution of the Solar System</a> for an account</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">name="Gomes"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFR._Gomes_H.F.2005" class="citation journal cs1">R. Gomes H.F.; et al. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v435/n7041/pdf/nature03676.pdf">"Origin of the cataclysmic Late Heavy Bombardment period of the terrestrial planets"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>435</b> (7041): 466–469. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Natur.435..466G">2005Natur.435..466G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature03676">10.1038/nature03676</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15917802">15917802</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4398337">4398337</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Origin+of+the+cataclysmic+Late+Heavy+Bombardment+period+of+the+terrestrial+planets&rft.volume=435&rft.issue=7041&rft.pages=466-469&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature03676&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4398337%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15917802&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005Natur.435..466G&rft.au=R.+Gomes+H.F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnature%2Fjournal%2Fv435%2Fn7041%2Fpdf%2Fnature03676.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFA._Morbidelli_J.2000" class="citation journal cs1">A. Morbidelli J.; et al. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_meteoritics-planetary-science_2000-11_35_6/page/1309">"Source regions and timescales for the delivery of water to the Earth"</a>. <i>Meteoritics & Planetary Science</i>. <b>35</b> (6): 1309–1320. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000M&PS...35.1309M">2000M&PS...35.1309M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1945-5100.2000.tb01518.x">10.1111/j.1945-5100.2000.tb01518.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1086-9379">1086-9379</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129817341">129817341</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteoritics+%26+Planetary+Science&rft.atitle=Source+regions+and+timescales+for+the+delivery+of+water+to+the+Earth&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1309-1320&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1945-5100.2000.tb01518.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A129817341%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1086-9379&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2000M%26PS...35.1309M&rft.au=A.+Morbidelli+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_meteoritics-planetary-science_2000-11_35_6%2Fpage%2F1309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040210011241/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4202901/">"Rover reveals Mars was once wet enough for life"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4202901/">the original</a> on 10 February 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rover+reveals+Mars+was+once+wet+enough+for+life&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.msnbc.msn.com%2Fid%2F4202901%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The source of the water is not known for sure, but we do know water is in some meteorites. "Winchcombe meteorite bolsters Earth water theory" <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-63631563">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Blue Planet</i> is a poetic title for the Earth used in <a href="/wiki/Movie" title="Movie">movies</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Magazine" title="Magazine">cheap paper books</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a>, and in government reports (such as the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a>'s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esa.int/esapub/bulletin/bulletin137/bul137b_drinkwater.pdf">Exploring the water cycle of the Blue Planet</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMay1988" class="citation journal cs1">May, Robert M. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988Sci...241.1441M">"How many species are there on Earth"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>241</b> (4872). Harvard University: 1441–1449. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988Sci...241.1441M">1988Sci...241.1441M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.241.4872.1441">10.1126/science.241.4872.1441</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17790039">17790039</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:34992724">34992724</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=How+many+species+are+there+on+Earth.&rft.volume=241&rft.issue=4872&rft.pages=1441-1449&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.241.4872.1441&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A34992724%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17790039&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988Sci...241.1441M&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=Robert+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Fabs%2F1988Sci...241.1441M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-purves_et_al2001-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-purves_et_al2001_38-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFPurves2001" class="citation book cs1">Purves, William Kirkwood (2001). <i>Life, the science of biology</i>. Macmillan. p. 455. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7167-3873-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7167-3873-2"><bdi>978-0-7167-3873-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life%2C+the+science+of+biology&rft.pages=455&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7167-3873-2&rft.aulast=Purves&rft.aufirst=William+Kirkwood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090728104629/http://www.space.com/searchforlife/life_origins_001205.html">"Origins of life on Earth"</a>. Space.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/searchforlife/life_origins_001205.html">the original</a> on 28 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Origins+of+life+on+Earth&rft.pub=Space.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Fsearchforlife%2Flife_origins_001205.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/ask_astro/answers/030827a.html">"Earth's location in the Milky Way"</a>. NASA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Earth%27s+location+in+the+Milky+Way&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimagine.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fdocs%2Fask_astro%2Fanswers%2F030827a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2016/04/01/how-fast-does-earth-move-through-the-universe/#42d2c37e4d5c">Forbes: How fast does the Earth move through the universe?</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html">"NASA- an Earth fact sheet"</a>. NASA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA-+an+Earth+fact+sheet&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fplanetary%2Ffactsheet%2Fearthfact.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFEspenak" class="citation web cs1">Espenak, Fred. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEhelp/moonorbit.html">"Eclipses and the Moon's Orbit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eclipses+and+the+Moon%27s+Orbit&rft.pub=NASA&rft.aulast=Espenak&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov%2FSEhelp%2Fmoonorbit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFDalrymple2001" class="citation journal cs1">Dalrymple, G. Brent (2001). "The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved". <i>Special Publications, Geological Society of London</i>. <b>190</b> (1): 205–221. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001GSLSP.190..205D">2001GSLSP.190..205D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1144%2FGSL.SP.2001.190.01.14">10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.190.01.14</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:130092094">130092094</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Special+Publications%2C+Geological+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=The+age+of+the+Earth+in+the+twentieth+century%3A+a+problem+%28mostly%29+solved&rft.volume=190&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=205-221&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A130092094%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1144%2FGSL.SP.2001.190.01.14&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001GSLSP.190..205D&rft.aulast=Dalrymple&rft.aufirst=G.+Brent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sun's motion and in general the motion of stars in the <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> is known from <a href="/wiki/Gaia_(spacecraft)" title="Gaia (spacecraft)">Gaia</a> data release #2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Burbidge, E.M; Burbidge G.R.; Fowler W.A.; Hoyle F. 1957. Synthesis of the elements in stars. Reviews of Modern Physics. <b>29</b> (4): 547–650.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://journals.aps.org/rmp/abstract/10.1103/RevModPhys.29.547">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Clayton D. 2003. <i>Handbook of isotopes in the cosmos</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521823814" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-521-82381-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Kasen D; Metzger B; Barnes J; Quataert E; Ramirez-Ruiz, E. 2017. Origin of the heavy elements in binary neutron-star mergers from a gravitational-wave event. <i>Nature</i>. <b>551</b> (7678): 80–84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFCanupAsphaug2001" class="citation journal cs1">Canup, Robin M.; Asphaug, Erik (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v412/n6848/abs/412708a0.html">"Origin of the Moon in a giant impact near the end of the Earth's formation"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>412</b> (6848). Nature.com: 708–712. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Natur.412..708C">2001Natur.412..708C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F35089010">10.1038/35089010</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11507633">11507633</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4413525">4413525</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Origin+of+the+Moon+in+a+giant+impact+near+the+end+of+the+Earth%27s+formation&rft.volume=412&rft.issue=6848&rft.pages=708-712&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F35089010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4413525%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11507633&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001Natur.412..708C&rft.aulast=Canup&rft.aufirst=Robin+M.&rft.au=Asphaug%2C+Erik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnature%2Fjournal%2Fv412%2Fn6848%2Fabs%2F412708a0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewnews.html?id=258">"Earth life appeared on land 1.5 billion years earlier than previously thought"</a>. SpaceRef.com. 29 November 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Earth+life+appeared+on+land+1.5+billion+years+earlier+than+previously+thought&rft.pub=SpaceRef.com&rft.date=2000-11-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaceref.com%2Fnews%2Fviewnews.html%3Fid%3D258&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link since June 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ghosh, Pallab 2017. Earliest evidence of life on Earth 'found'. BBC News Science & Environment. [2]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sridharan R; Ahmed S.M; Pratim Das, Tirtha; Sreelatha P.; Pradeepkumar P.; Naik, Neha; Supriya, Gogulapati 2010. Direct evidence for water (H2O) in the sunlit lunar ambience from CHACE on MIP of Chandrayaan I". Planetary and Space Science. <b>58</b> (6): 947–950. Bibcode:2010P&SS...58..947S. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2010.02.013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-snearth-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-snearth_53-0">53.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-snearth_53-1">53.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090910075356/http://www.eps.harvard.edu/people/faculty/hoffman/snowball_paper.html">"The Snowball Earth"</a>. <i>Paul F. Hoffman and Daniel P. Schrag</i>. Harvard University. 8 August 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eps.harvard.edu/people/faculty/hoffman/snowball_paper.html">the original</a> on 10 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Paul+F.+Hoffman+and+Daniel+P.+Schrag&rft.atitle=The+Snowball+Earth&rft.date=1999-08-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eps.harvard.edu%2Fpeople%2Ffaculty%2Fhoffman%2Fsnowball_paper.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rare Earths explained. Jordy Lee Calderon, Milken Institute Review. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.milkenreview.org/articles/rare-earths-explained">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Morgan J.W. & Anders E. 1980. Chemical composition of Earth, Venus, and Mercury. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Science</i> <b>77</b> (12): 6973–6977. [<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC350422/?tool=pmcentrez">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC350422/?tool=pmcentrez</a> Chemical composition of Earth, Venus, and Mercury. Full free text</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chisholm, Hugh (editor). "Petrology" in the <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, 11th edition. Cambridge University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Planetary Fact Sheet - ratio to Earth values</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Williams, David R. (16 March 2017). Earth Fact Sheet. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. Retrieved 26 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html">[4]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Measuring the Earth is part of <a href="/wiki/Geodesy" title="Geodesy">geodesy</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tipler, Paul A. 1999. <i>Physics for scientists and engineers</i>. 4th ed, New York: W.H. 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Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 16 April 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tall+tales+about+highest+peaks&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2004-04-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fscience%2Fk2%2Fmoments%2Fs1086384.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kaiko7000-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-kaiko7000_64-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200410211118/http://www.jamstec.go.jp/e/about/equipment/ships/kaiko7000.html">"7,000 m Class Remotely Operated Vehicle <i>KAIKO 7000</i>"</a>. Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamstec.go.jp/e/about/equipment/ships/kaiko7000.html">the original</a> on 10 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=7%2C000+m+Class+Remotely+Operated+Vehicle+KAIKO+7000&rft.pub=Japan+Agency+for+Marine-Earth+Science+and+Technology+%28JAMSTEC%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jamstec.go.jp%2Fe%2Fabout%2Fequipment%2Fships%2Fkaiko7000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFToshiro_Tanimoto" class="citation web cs1">Toshiro Tanimoto. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030410215144/http://www.agu.org/reference/gephys/15_tanimoto.pdf">"Crustal surface of the Earth"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. American Geophysical Union. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chianti.geol.ucl.ac.uk/~dario/pubblicazioni/PTRSA2002.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(16 June 2000). 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Oregon State University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/education/vwlessons/lessons/Earths_layers/Earths_layers4.html">the original</a> on 13 December 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Crust&rft.pub=Oregon+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvolcano.oregonstate.edu%2Feducation%2Fvwlessons%2Flessons%2FEarths_layers%2FEarths_layers4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-book1-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-book1_69-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSeyfertSeyfertSeyfert1987" class="citation book cs1">Seyfert, Carl K.; Seyfert, Carl; Seyfert, Claus (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofst0000unse"><i>The encyclopedia of structural geology and plate tectonics</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-442-28125-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-442-28125-0"><bdi>978-0-442-28125-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+encyclopedia+of+structural+geology+and+plate+tectonics&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-442-28125-0&rft.aulast=Seyfert&rft.aufirst=Carl+K.&rft.au=Seyfert%2C+Carl&rft.au=Seyfert%2C+Claus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofst0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-'platetectonics.com'-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-'platetectonics.com'_70-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100616062513/http://www.platetectonics.com/book/page_5.asp">"Plate Tectonics: plate boundaries"</a>. platetectonics.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.platetectonics.com/book/page_5.asp">the original</a> on 16 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Plate+Tectonics%3A+plate+boundaries&rft.pub=platetectonics.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.platetectonics.com%2Fbook%2Fpage_5.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-'usgs.understanding.com'-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-'usgs.understanding.com'_71-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html">"Understanding plate motions"</a>. USGS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Understanding+plate+motions&rft.pub=USGS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fgip%2Fdynamic%2Funderstanding.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-book2-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-book2_72-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFOreskes2003" class="citation book cs1">Oreskes, Naomi (2003). <i>Plate tectonics: an insider's history of the modern theory of the Earth</i>. Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0813341329" title="Special:BookSources/0813341329"><bdi>0813341329</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plate+tectonics%3A+an+insider%27s+history+of+the+modern+theory+of+the+Earth&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0813341329&rft.aulast=Oreskes&rft.aufirst=Naomi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Physical-Hydro-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Physical-Hydro_73-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8a.html">"Chapter 8: Introduction to the Hydrosphere"</a>. Physical Geography<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chapter+8%3A+Introduction+to+the+Hydrosphere&rft.pub=Physical+Geography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.physicalgeography.net%2Ffundamentals%2F8a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010720061344/http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/">"World water resources and their uses"</a>. UNESCO. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/">the original</a> on 20 July 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+water+resources+and+their+uses&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebworld.unesco.org%2Fwater%2Fihp%2Fdb%2Fshiklomanov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Taiz, Lincoln 2013. Agriculture, plant physiology, and human population growth: past, present, and future. <i>Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology</i> <b>25</b>: p167–181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zulkarnaen, Diny, and Marianito R. Rodrigo 2020. Modelling human carrying capacity as a function of food availability. <i>The ANZIAM Journal</i> <b>62</b>.3: p318–333.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200427090422/https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/9-12/features/912_liftoff_atm.html">"NASA - Earth's atmosphere"</a>. NASA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/9-12/features/912_liftoff_atm.html">the original</a> on 27 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+-+Earth%27s+atmosphere&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Faudience%2Fforstudents%2F9-12%2Ffeatures%2F912_liftoff_atm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASA-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NASA_78-0">78.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NASA_78-1">78.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050501070321/http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/weather_worldbook.html">"What causes weather?"</a>. NASA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/weather_worldbook.html">the original</a> on 1 May 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+causes+weather%3F&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fworldbook%2Fweather_worldbook.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7h.html">"Fundamentals of physical geography - the greenhouse effect"</a>. Physical Geography<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+physical+geography+-+the+greenhouse+effect&rft.pub=Physical+Geography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.physicalgeography.net%2Ffundamentals%2F7h.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Diamond, Jared. 1997. <i><a href="/wiki/Guns,_Germs,_and_Steel" class="mw-redirect" title="Guns, Germs, and Steel">Guns, Germs, and Steel</a>: the fate of human societies</i>. New York: Norton.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tudge C. 1995. <i>The day before yesterday: five million years of human history</i>. Pimlico.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Planet Earth: the incredible story of our unique home</i>. ed Stuart Clark, <i>New Scientist Essential Guide #17</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earth&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671870">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671876">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Earth" class="extiw" title="commons:Earth">Earth</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671870"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671876"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_English_Wiktionary" title="Wikipedia:Simple English Wiktionary">Simple English Wiktionary</a> has a <a href="/wiki/Definition" title="Definition">definition</a> for: <i> <b><a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/Earth" class="extiw" title="wikt:Earth">Earth</a></b> and <b><a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/earth" class="extiw" title="wikt:earth">earth</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.solarviews.com/eng/earth.htm">"Solar Views"</a>. Calvin J. Hamilton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Solar+Views&rft.pub=Calvin+J.+Hamilton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.solarviews.com%2Feng%2Fearth.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050310050512/http://www.earth.nasa.gov/science/questions.html">"Earth – Science questions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.earth.nasa.gov/science/questions.html">the original</a> on 10 March 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2004</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Earth+%E2%80%93+Science+questions&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earth.nasa.gov%2Fscience%2Fquestions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nightsky.jpl.nasa.gov/docs/HowFast.pdf">"Earth – Speed through space – about 1 million miles an hour"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Earth+%E2%80%93+Speed+through+space+%E2%80%93+about+1+million+miles+an+hour&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnightsky.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fdocs%2FHowFast.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span> ("<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk/Archives/Science/2019_July_20#How_fast_are_we_moving_through_space?" class="extiw" title="w:Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Science/2019 July 20">WP discussion</a>")</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://technological-sci.blogspot.com/2020/04/10-unique-feature-of-earth.html">"3 unique feature of earth"</a>. Technological-Sci.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3+unique+feature+of+earth&rft.pub=Technological-Sci&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechnological-sci.blogspot.com%2F2020%2F04%2F10-unique-feature-of-earth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AEarth" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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id="*_Sun_*_Mercury_*_Venus_*_Earth_*_Mars_*_Ceres_*_Jupiter_*_Saturn_*_Uranus_*_Neptune_*_Pluto_*_Haumea_*_Makemake_*_Eris"><figure class="mw-default-size noresize" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Solar_System_Template_2.png" decoding="async" width="666" height="36" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="36" usemap="#ImageMap_22658df94c79d6c8" /></span><map name="ImageMap_22658df94c79d6c8"><area href="/wiki/Sun" shape="rect" coords="0,0,90,35" alt="The Sun" title="The Sun" /><area href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" shape="circle" coords="112,18,6" alt="Mercury" title="Mercury" /><area href="/wiki/Venus" shape="circle" coords="153,18,8" alt="Venus" title="Venus" /><area href="/wiki/Moon" shape="circle" coords="203,8,4" alt="The Moon" title="The Moon" /><area href="/wiki/Earth" shape="circle" coords="194,18,8" alt="Earth" title="Earth" /><area href="/wiki/Mars" shape="circle" coords="233,18,8" alt="Mars" title="Mars" /><area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Mars" shape="circle" coords="239,13,3" alt="Phobos and Deimos" title="Phobos and Deimos" /><area href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" shape="circle" coords="271,18,8" alt="Ceres" title="Ceres" /><area href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" shape="rect" coords="256,0,288,35" alt="The main asteroid belt" title="The main asteroid belt" /><area href="/wiki/Jupiter" shape="circle" coords="317,18,15" alt="Jupiter" title="Jupiter" /><area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Jupiter" shape="circle" coords="329,5,6" alt="Moons of Jupiter" title="Moons of Jupiter" /><area href="/wiki/Rings_of_Jupiter" shape="rect" coords="298,15,335,20" alt="Rings of Jupiter" title="Rings of Jupiter" /><area href="/wiki/Saturn" shape="circle" coords="372,18,12" alt="Saturn" title="Saturn" /><area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn" shape="circle" coords="381,7,6" alt="Moons of Saturn" title="Moons of Saturn" /><area href="/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn" shape="rect" coords="353,5,389,31" alt="Rings of Saturn" title="Rings of Saturn" /><area href="/wiki/Uranus" shape="circle" coords="418,18,12" alt="Uranus" title="Uranus" /><area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Uranus" shape="circle" coords="427,10,6" alt="Moons of Uranus" title="Moons of Uranus" /><area href="/wiki/Rings_of_Uranus" shape="rect" coords="408,4,429,34" alt="Rings of Uranus" title="Rings of Uranus" /><area href="/wiki/Neptune" shape="circle" coords="462,18,12" alt="Neptune" title="Neptune" /><area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Neptune" shape="circle" coords="471,10,3" alt="Moons of Neptune" title="Moons of Neptune" /><area href="/wiki/Rings_of_Neptune" shape="rect" coords="441,9,485,28" alt="Rings of Neptune" title="Rings of Neptune" /><area href="/wiki/Pluto" shape="circle" coords="504,18,8" alt="Pluto" title="Pluto" /><area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Pluto" shape="circle" coords="508,13,3" alt="Moons of Pluto" title="Moons of Pluto" /><area href="/wiki/Haumea_(dwarf_planet)" shape="circle" coords="534,18,8" alt="Haumea" title="Haumea" /><area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Haumea" shape="circle" coords="538,13,3" alt="Moons of Haumea" title="Moons of Haumea" /><area href="/wiki/Makemake_(dwarf_planet)" shape="circle" coords="567,18,8" alt="Makemake" title="Makemake" /><area href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" shape="rect" coords="490,0,580,35" alt="The Kuiper Belt" title="The Kuiper Belt" /><area href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" shape="circle" coords="596,18,8" alt="Eris" title="Eris" /><area href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" shape="circle" coords="600,14,3" alt="Dysnomia" title="Dysnomia" /><area href="/wiki/Scattered_disc" shape="rect" coords="581,0,610,35" alt="The Scattered Disc" title="The Scattered Disc" /><area href="/wiki/Hills_cloud" shape="rect" coords="623,0,640,35" alt="The Hills Cloud" title="The Hills Cloud" /><area href="/wiki/Oort_cloud" shape="rect" coords="641,0,666,35" alt="The Oort Cloud" title="The Oort Cloud" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haumea" class="mw-redirect" title="Haumea">Haumea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Makemake" class="mw-redirect" title="Makemake">Makemake</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a></i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;;;;width:50%;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Planets" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">Planets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_planet" title="Terrestrial planet">Terrestrials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_planet" title="Giant planet">Giants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet">Dwarfs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea" class="mw-redirect" title="Haumea">Haumea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makemake" class="mw-redirect" title="Makemake">Makemake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">Moons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Earth <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Mars" title="Moons of Mars">Mars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_(moon)" title="Phobos (moon)">Phobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deimos_(moon)" title="Deimos (moon)">Deimos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Jupiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Moons of Jupiter">Jupiter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganymede_(moon)" title="Ganymede (moon)">Ganymede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callisto_(moon)" title="Callisto (moon)">Callisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Io_(moon)" title="Io (moon)">Io</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(moon)" title="Europa (moon)">Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Jupiter#List" class="mw-redirect" title="Moons of Jupiter">all 95</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn" title="Moons of Saturn">Saturn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titan_(moon)" title="Titan (moon)">Titan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(moon)" title="Rhea (moon)">Rhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iapetus_(moon)" title="Iapetus (moon)">Iapetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dione_(moon)" title="Dione (moon)">Dione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethys_(moon)" title="Tethys (moon)">Tethys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus" title="Enceladus">Enceladus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimas_(moon)" title="Mimas (moon)">Mimas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(moon)" title="Hyperion (moon)">Hyperion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(moon)" title="Phoebe (moon)">Phoebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn#List" title="Moons of Saturn">all 83</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Uranus" class="mw-redirect" title="Moons of Uranus">Uranus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titania_(moon)" title="Titania (moon)">Titania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberon_(moon)" title="Oberon (moon)">Oberon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbriel_(moon)" title="Umbriel (moon)">Umbriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_(moon)" title="Ariel (moon)">Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miranda_(moon)" title="Miranda (moon)">Miranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Uranus#List" class="mw-redirect" title="Moons of Uranus">all 27</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Neptune" class="mw-redirect" title="Moons of Neptune">Neptune</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(moon)" title="Triton (moon)">Triton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteus_(moon)" title="Proteus (moon)">Proteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereid_(moon)" title="Nereid (moon)">Nereid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Neptune#List" class="mw-redirect" title="Moons of Neptune">all 14</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Pluto" title="Moons of Pluto">Pluto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charon_(moon)" title="Charon (moon)">Charon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nix_(moon)" title="Nix (moon)">Nix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydra_(moon)" title="Hydra (moon)">Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerberos_(moon)" title="Kerberos (moon)">Kerberos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styx_(moon)" title="Styx (moon)">Styx</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Haumea" title="Moons of Haumea">Haumean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hi%CA%BBiaka_(moon)" title="Hiʻiaka (moon)">Hiʻiaka</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makemake_(dwarf_planet)" title="Makemake (dwarf planet)">Makemake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S/2015_(136472)_1" class="mw-redirect" title="S/2015 (136472) 1">S/2015 (136472) 1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" title="Dysnomia (moon)">Dysnomia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Small_Solar_System_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Small Solar System body">Small <br />Solar <br />System <br />bodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">Comets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damocloid" title="Damocloid">Damocloids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteoroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteoroid">Meteoroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor planet">Minor planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetesimal" title="Planetesimal">Planetesimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">Near-Earth objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" title="Asteroid belt">Asteroid belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Pallas" title="2 Pallas">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Juno" title="3 Juno">Juno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">Vesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planets:_1%E2%80%931000" title="List of minor planets: 1–1000">first 1000</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkwood_gap" title="Kirkwood gap">Kirkwood gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_trojan" title="Jupiter trojan">Jupiter trojans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">Trans-Neptunian objects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plutino" title="Plutino">Plutinos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_disc" title="Scattered disc">Scattered disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oort_cloud" title="Oort cloud">Oort cloud</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hills_cloud" class="mw-redirect" title="Hills cloud">Hills cloud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:50%;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Rings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Jupiter" title="Rings of Jupiter">Jovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn" title="Rings of Saturn">Saturnian</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Rhea" title="Rings of Rhea">Rhean</a>)</span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Uranus" title="Rings of Uranus">Uranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Neptune" title="Rings of Neptune">Neptunian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea#Rings" class="mw-redirect" title="Haumea">Haumean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Hypothetical <br />objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planets_beyond_Neptune" title="Planets beyond Neptune">Planet Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planets_beyond_Neptune#Existence_of_Planet_X" title="Planets beyond Neptune">Planet X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theia_(planet)" title="Theia (planet)">Theia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyche_(hypothetical_planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyche (hypothetical planet)">Tyche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(hypothetical_planet)" title="Vulcan (hypothetical planet)">Vulcan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis_(star)" title="Nemesis (star)">Nemesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Space_exploration" title="Space exploration">Exploration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_colonization" title="Space colonization">Colonization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_station" title="Space station">space stations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_probe" title="Space probe">Space probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_the_Moon" title="Exploration of the Moon">Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Mars" title="Exploration of Mars">Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)#Exploration" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid#Exploration" title="Asteroid">Asteroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Neptune" title="Exploration of Neptune">Neptune</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System" title="Formation and evolution of the Solar System">Formation <br />and <br />evolution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accretion_(astrophysics)" title="Accretion (astrophysics)">Accretion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accretion_disk" title="Accretion disk">Accretion disk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accretion_disk#Excretion_disk" title="Accretion disk">Excretion disk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_disc" title="Circumstellar disc">Circumstellar disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_dust" title="Cosmic dust">Cosmic dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_impact_hypothesis" title="Giant impact hypothesis">Giant impact hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_cloud" title="Interstellar cloud">Interstellar cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_medium" title="Interstellar medium">Interstellar medium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_space#Interstellar_space" title="Outer space">Interstellar space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_cloud" title="Molecular cloud">Molecular cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebular_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebular hypothesis">Nebular hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oort_cloud" title="Oort cloud">Oort cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space">Outer space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_system" title="Planetary system">Planetary system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetesimal" title="Planetesimal">Planetesimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebular_hypothesis#Formation_of_planets" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebular hypothesis">Planet formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk" title="Protoplanetary disk">Protoplanetary disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_disc" title="Scattered disc">Scattered disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_formation" title="Star formation">Star formation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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