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class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Википедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ru.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.25em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="ирекле энциклопедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ba.svg" width="118" height="11" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.6875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%AD%D2%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Википедия эсендә эҙләү [f]" 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</div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Измените внешний вид страницы, размер, ширину и цвет шрифта." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=ba" class=""><span>Иғәнә</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%90%D1%88+%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ" class=""><span>Теркәлеү</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%90%D1%88+%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Танылыу</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Күберәк мөмкинлектәр" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Шәхси ҡоралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Ҡатнашыусы менюһы" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=ba"><span>Иғәнә</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&returnto=%D0%90%D1%88+%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Теркәлеү</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&returnto=%D0%90%D1%88+%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Танылыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Танылмаған мөхәррирҙәр өсөн бит <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99" aria-label="Мөхәррирләү тураһында ентеклерәк"><span>Күберәк белергә</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%A8%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%88%D3%A9%D0%BC" title="Был IP-адрестан яһалған төҙәтеүҙәр [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Өлөш</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%98%D2%A3%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="IP-адресығыҙ өсөн фекер алышыу бите [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Фекер алышыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eйәшерергә\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"ba\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Йөкмәткеһе" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Йөкмәткеһе</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Башы</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Аш_тоҙон_сығарыу_технологиялары" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Аш_тоҙон_сығарыу_технологиялары"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Аш тоҙон сығарыу технологиялары</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Аш_тоҙон_сығарыу_технологиялары-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Биологик_роле" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Биологик_роле"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Биологик роле</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Биологик_роле-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Етештереү" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Етештереү"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Етештереү</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Етештереү-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Етештереү бүлеген күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Етештереү-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Рәсәй_тоҙ_баҙары" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Рәсәй_тоҙ_баҙары"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Рәсәй тоҙ баҙары</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Рәсәй_тоҙ_баҙары-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Донъя_тоҙ_баҙары" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Донъя_тоҙ_баҙары"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Донъя тоҙ баҙары</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Донъя_тоҙ_баҙары-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ҡулланыу" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ҡулланыу"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ҡулланыу</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ҡулланыу-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ҡулланыу бүлеген күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ҡулланыу-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Аҙыҡ-түлек_продукты" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Аҙыҡ-түлек_продукты"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Аҙыҡ-түлек продукты</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Аҙыҡ-түлек_продукты-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Тоҙҙо_артыҡ_ҡулланыу" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тоҙҙо_артыҡ_ҡулланыу"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Тоҙҙо артыҡ ҡулланыу</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тоҙҙо_артыҡ_ҡулланыу-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Тоҙһоҙ_диета" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тоҙһоҙ_диета"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Тоҙһоҙ диета</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тоҙһоҙ_диета-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Химия_промышленносы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Химия_промышленносы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Химия промышленносы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Химия_промышленносы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Боҙлауыҡҡа_ҡаршы_реагент" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Боҙлауыҡҡа_ҡаршы_реагент"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Боҙлауыҡҡа ҡаршы реагент</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Боҙлауыҡҡа_ҡаршы_реагент-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Рәсәйҙә_тоҙҙоң_мәҙәни_әһәмиәте" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Рәсәйҙә_тоҙҙоң_мәҙәни_әһәмиәте"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Рәсәйҙә тоҙҙоң мәҙәни әһәмиәте</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Рәсәйҙә_тоҙҙоң_мәҙәни_әһәмиәте-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Геральдикала" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Геральдикала"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Геральдикала</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Геральдикала-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Шулай_уҡ_ҡарағыҙ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Шулай_уҡ_ҡарағыҙ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Шулай уҡ ҡарағыҙ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Шулай_уҡ_ҡарағыҙ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Һылтанмалар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Һылтанмалар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Һылтанмалар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Һылтанмалар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Тоҙ_башҡорт_мифологияһында" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тоҙ_башҡорт_мифологияһында"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Тоҙ башҡорт мифологияһында</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тоҙ_башҡорт_мифологияһында-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Әҙәбиәт" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Әҙәбиәт"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Әҙәбиәт</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Әҙәбиәт-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Иҫкәрмәләр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Иҫкәрмәләр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Сығанаҡтар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Сығанаҡтар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Сығанаҡтар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Сығанаҡтар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Йөкмәткеһе" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Аш тоҙо</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Икенсе телдәге мәҡәләгә күсегеҙ. 165 телдә уҡырға була" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-165" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">165 тел</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sira" title="Sira — ачехский" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Sira" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ачехский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafelsout" title="Tafelsout — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tafelsout" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speisesalz" title="Speisesalz — швейцарский немецкий" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Speisesalz" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарский немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal" title="Sal — арагонский" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sal" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95" title="नमक — ангика" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="नमक" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангика" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ملح الطعام — арабский" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ملح الطعام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%A0%DC%9A%DC%90_(%DC%90%DC%A8%DC%AA%DC%90)" title="ܡܠܚܐ (ܐܨܪܐ) — арамейский" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܠܚܐ (ܐܨܪܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="арамейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9" title="ملحة — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ملحة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%84" title="ملح الاكل — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ملح الاكل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal" title="Sal — астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sal" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciwotakan" title="Ciwotakan — атикамек" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Ciwotakan" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="атикамек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="ЦӀам — аварский" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ЦӀам" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="аварский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayu" title="Jayu — аймара" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Jayu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="аймара" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duz" title="Duz — азербайджанский" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Duz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2" title="دوز — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دوز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyah" title="Uyah — балийский" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Uyah" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="балийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiz" title="Soiz — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Soiz" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droska" title="Droska — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Droska" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Павараная соль — белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Павараная соль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Харчовая соль — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Харчовая соль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garem_dapur" title="Garem dapur — Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Garem dapur" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Готварска сол — болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Готварска сол" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8" title="नून — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="नून" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyah_padu" title="Uyah padu — Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Uyah padu" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A3" title="লবণ — бенгальский" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লবণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9A%E0%BE%AD%E0%BC%8D" title="ཚྭ། — тибетский" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཚྭ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="тибетский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holen" title="Holen — бретонский" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Holen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/So" title="So — боснийский" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="So" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хоолой дабһан — бурятский" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хоолой дабһан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="бурятский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_comuna" title="Sal comuna — каталанский" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sal comuna" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A8ng" title="Sièng — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alasinon" title="Alasinon — себуано" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Alasinon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B3hpoma%27%C3%B4htse" title="Vóhpoma'ôhtse — шайенский" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Vóhpoma'ôhtse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="шайенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%DB%8E" title="خوێ — центральнокурдский" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خوێ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="центральнокурдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%AFl_(potravina)" title="Sůl (potravina) — чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sůl (potravina)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82_%D1%82%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95" title="Апат тăварĕ — чувашский" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Апат тăварĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halen" title="Halen — валлийский" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Halen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husholdningssalt" title="Husholdningssalt — датский" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Husholdningssalt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yalim" title="Yalim — Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Yalim" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speisesalz" title="Speisesalz — немецкий" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Speisesalz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol" title="Sol — нижнелужицкий" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Sol" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="нижнелужицкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B9" title="Αλάτι — греческий" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλάτι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="греческий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="яҡшы мәҡәлә"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt" title="Salt — английский" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Salt" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salo" title="Salo — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Salo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_com%C3%BAn" title="Sal común — испанский" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sal común" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B6%C3%B6gisool" title="Söögisool — эстонский" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Söögisool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatz_arrunt" title="Gatz arrunt — баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gatz arrunt" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%DA%A9" title="نمک — персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نمک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruokasuola" title="Ruokasuola — финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ruokasuola" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C9%9B%CC%80" title="Jɛ̀ — фон" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Jɛ̀" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="фон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_alimentaire" title="Sel alimentaire — французский" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sel alimentaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2lt" title="Sâlt — западнофризский" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sâlt" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salann" title="Salann — ирландский" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Salann" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salann" title="Salann — гэльский" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Salann" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="гэльский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="яҡшы мәҡәлә"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_com%C3%BAn" title="Sal común — галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sal común" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juky" title="Juky — гуарани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Juky" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A0%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%82" title="મીઠું — гуджарати" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મીઠું" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="гуджарати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichii_(ek%C3%BC%C3%BCl%C3%BC)" title="Ichii (eküülü) — Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Ichii (eküülü)" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gishiri" title="Gishiri — хауса" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Gishiri" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%A0m" title="Yàm — хакка" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yàm" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="хакка" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9C" title="מלח בישול — иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלח בישול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95" title="साधारण नमक — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="साधारण नमक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimak_(khaae_waala)" title="Nimak (khaae waala) — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Nimak (khaae waala)" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuhinjska_sol" title="Kuhinjska sol — хорватский" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kuhinjska sol" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konyhas%C3%B3" title="Konyhasó — венгерский" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Konyhasó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B2" title="Խոհարարական աղ — армянский" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խոհարարական աղ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_de_cocina" title="Sal de cocina — интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Sal de cocina" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garam" title="Garam — ибанский" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Garam" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ибанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garam_dapur" title="Garam dapur — индонезийский" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Garam dapur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%83n%C3%BA" title="Ńnú — игбо" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ńnú" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="игбо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C4%A1iuq" title="Taġiuq — инупиак" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Taġiuq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="инупиак" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%85" title="Тух — ингушский" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Тух" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ингушский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manjebla_salo" title="Manjebla salo — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Manjebla salo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt" title="Salt — исландский" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Salt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sale_da_cucina" title="Sale da cucina — итальянский" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sale da cucina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%A9" title="塩 — японский" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="塩" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyah" title="Uyah — яванский" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Uyah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="სუფრის მარილი — грузинский" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სუფრის მარილი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/As_duz%C4%B1" title="As duzı — каракалпакский" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="As duzı" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="каракалпакский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tisent" title="Tisent — кабильский" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tisent" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%89%C9%94m" title="Ɖɔm — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɖɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nfak" title="Nfak — тьяп" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Nfak" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="тьяп" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siya" title="Siya — Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Siya" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81_%D1%82%D2%B1%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Ас тұзы — казахский" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ас тұзы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%81_(%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF)" title="ಉಪ್ಪು (ಖಾದ್ಯ) — каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉಪ್ಪು (ಖಾದ್ಯ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EA%B8%88" title="소금 — корейский" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="소금" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%97%D9%86" title="نوٗن — кашмири" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="نوٗن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="кашмири" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xw%C3%AA" title="Xwê — курдский" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xwê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holan_mos" title="Holan mos — корнский" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Holan mos" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Туз — киргизский" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Туз" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal" title="Sal — латинский" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sal" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaot" title="Zaot — лимбургский" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zaot" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valgomoji_druska" title="Valgomoji druska — литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Valgomoji druska" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%81ls" title="Sāls — латышский" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sāls" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8" title="नून — майтхили" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="नून" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="майтхили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyah" title="Uyah — Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Uyah" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Сал — мокшанский" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Сал" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="мокшанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garam_dapua" title="Garam dapua — минангкабау" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Garam dapua" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="минангкабау" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB_(%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD)" title="Сол (зачин) — македонский" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сол (зачин)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="ഉപ്പ് — малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉപ്പ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81" title="Хоолны давс — монгольский" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хоолны давс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монгольский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%9C%E1%80%B5%E1%80%AF" title="ၜဵု — Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ၜဵု" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A0" title="मीठ — маратхи" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मीठ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garam" title="Garam — малайский" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Garam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဆား — бирманский" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирманский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iztatl" title="Iztatl — Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Iztatl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solt" title="Solt — нижненемецкий" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Solt" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="нижненемецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8" title="नुन — непальский" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नुन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF" title="चि — неварский" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неварский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keukenzout" title="Keukenzout — нидерландский" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Keukenzout" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81sh%C4%AF%C4%AFh" title="Áshįįh — навахо" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Áshįįh" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="навахо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_aliment%C3%A0ria" title="Sal alimentària — окситанский" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sal alimentària" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einehsuolu" title="Einehsuolu — ливвиковский карельский" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Einehsuolu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="ливвиковский карельский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%A3" title="ଲୁଣ — ория" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଲୁଣ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ория" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A3" title="ਲੂਣ — панджаби" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੂਣ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панджаби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9_%C3%A0_minger" title="Sé à minger — Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Sé à minger" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3l_kuchenna" title="Sól kuchenna — польский" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sól kuchenna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DD%A8" title="لوݨ — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لوݨ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%87" title="مالگه — пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مالگه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal_de_cozinha" title="Sal de cozinha — португальский" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sal de cozinha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sare_de_buc%C4%83t%C4%83rie" title="Sare de bucătărie — румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sare de bucătărie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Поваренная соль — русский" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Поваренная соль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umunyu" title="Umunyu — киньяруанда" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Umunyu" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="киньяруанда" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="लवणम् — санскрит" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="लवणम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%83%D1%81" title="Туус — саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Туус" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9D" title="ᱵᱩᱞᱩᱝ — сантали" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱩᱞᱩᱝ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="сантали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sali_de_coxina" title="Sali de coxina — сардинский" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Sali de coxina" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saut" title="Saut — шотландский" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Saut" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DA%BB" title="لوڻ — синдхи" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لوڻ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/So_(za%C4%8Din)" title="So (začin) — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="So (začin)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%94" title="ලුණු — сингальский" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලුණු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_salt" title="Table salt — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Table salt" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol" title="Sol — словенский" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sol" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munyu" title="Munyu — шона" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Munyu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milix" title="Milix — сомали" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Milix" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kripa" title="Kripa — албанский" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kripa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE_(%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD)" title="Со (зачин) — сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Со (зачин)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyah" title="Uyah — сунданский" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Uyah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сунданский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt" title="Salt — шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Salt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munyu" title="Munyu — суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Munyu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="உப்பு — тамильский" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%81" title="ಉಪ್ಪು — Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಉಪ್ಪು" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%90%E1%A5%AB" title="ᥐᥫ — Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥐᥫ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81" title="ఉప్పు — телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉప్పు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Намак — таджикский" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Намак" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD" title="เกลือ — тайский" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เกลือ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asin" title="Asin — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Asin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuz" title="Tuz — турецкий" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tuz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Аш тозы — татарский" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Аш тозы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%87%D8%B2" title="تۇز — уйгурский" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تۇز" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгурский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кухонна сіль — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кухонна сіль" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%DA%A9" title="نمک — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نمک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osh_tuzi" title="Osh tuzi — узбекский" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Osh tuzi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol" title="Sol — вепсский" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Sol" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="вепсский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%E1%BB%91i_%C4%83n" title="Muối ăn — вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Muối ăn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9_d%27_coujhene" title="Sé d' coujhene — валлонский" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Sé d' coujhene" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валлонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asin" title="Asin — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Asin" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%9B%90" title="食盐 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="食盐" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3" title="ჯიმუ — мегрельский" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯიმუ" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="мегрельский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A5" title="זאלץ — идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זאלץ" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iy%E1%BB%8D%CC%80" title="Iyọ̀ — йоруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Iyọ̀" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="яҡшы мәҡәлә"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%9B%90" title="食盐 — китайский" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="食盐" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E9%B9%BD" title="食鹽 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="食鹽" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%A2m" title="Iâm — миньнань" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Iâm" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="миньнань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E9%B9%BD" title="食鹽 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="食鹽" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11254#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Башҡа телдәргә һылтанмаларҙы төҙәтеү" class="wbc-editpage">Һылтанмаларҙы төҙәтергә</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Исем арауыҡтары"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE" title="Эстәлек битен ҡарау [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Бит</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%88%D0%B5%D2%AF:%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE" rel="discussion" title="Биттең эстәлеге тураһында фекерләшеү [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Фекер алышыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" 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class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE"><span>Уҡыу</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&veaction=edit" title="Был битте үҙгәртеү [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Үҙгәртеү</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&action=edit" title="Биттең сығанаҡ кодын үҙгәртеү [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодты үҙгәртеү</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&action=history" title="Биттең төҙәтеүҙәр журналы [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Тарих</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ҡоралдар"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ҡоралдар</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Күберәк мөмкинлектәр" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ғәмәлдәр </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE"><span>Уҡыу</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&veaction=edit" title="Был битте үҙгәртеү [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Үҙгәртеү</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&action=edit" title="Биттең сығанаҡ кодын үҙгәртеү [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодты үҙгәртеү</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&action=history"><span>Тарих</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Дөйөм </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80/%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE" title="Был биткә һылтанған барлыҡ биттәрҙең исемлеге [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Был биткә һылтанмалар</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%91%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D2%AF%D2%99%D0%B3%D3%99%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%AF%D2%99%D3%99%D1%80/%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE" rel="nofollow" title="Был бит һылтанған биттәрҙәге һуңғы үҙгәртеүҙәр [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Бәйле үҙгәртеүҙәр</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80" title="Барлыҡ махсус биттәр исемлеге [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Махсус биттәр</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&oldid=1198446" title="Биттең был өлгөһөнә даими һылтанма"><span>Даими һылтанма</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&action=info" title="Был бит тураһында ентекләберәк"><span>Бит мәғлүмәттәре</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&page=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&id=1198446&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Был биттән нисек өҙөмтә яһау тураһында мәғлүмәт"><span>Биттән өҙөмтә яһарға</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fba.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2590%25D1%2588_%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D2%2599%25D0%25BE"><span>Ҡыҫҡа URL алыу</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fba.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2590%25D1%2588_%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D2%2599%25D0%25BE"><span>QR код алыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Баҫтырыу/сығарыу </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:Collection&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%90%D1%88+%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE"><span>Китап төҙөү</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF форматында йөкләү</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&printable=yes" title="Биттең ҡағыҙға баҫтырыу өсөн өлгөһө [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Баҫтырыу өлгөһө</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Башҡа проекттарҙа </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Salt" hreflang="en"><span>Викимилек</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11254" title="Мәғлүмәт һаҡлағысына бәйле элементҡа һылтанма [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Викимәғлүмәт элементы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ҡоралдар"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Википедия — ирекле энциклопедия мәғлүмәте</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ba" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Table_salt_with_salt_shaker_V1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Table_salt_with_salt_shaker_V1.jpg/220px-Table_salt_with_salt_shaker_V1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Table_salt_with_salt_shaker_V1.jpg/330px-Table_salt_with_salt_shaker_V1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Table_salt_with_salt_shaker_V1.jpg/440px-Table_salt_with_salt_shaker_V1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3986" data-file-height="3303" /></a><figcaption>Аш тоҙо «Экстра»</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Salt_Harvesting_-_Dry_Creek.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Salt_Harvesting_-_Dry_Creek.jpg/220px-Salt_Harvesting_-_Dry_Creek.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Salt_Harvesting_-_Dry_Creek.jpg/330px-Salt_Harvesting_-_Dry_Creek.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Salt_Harvesting_-_Dry_Creek.jpg/440px-Salt_Harvesting_-_Dry_Creek.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Көньяҡ Австралияла тоҙ етештереү</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Common-salt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Common-salt.jpg/220px-Common-salt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Common-salt.jpg/330px-Common-salt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Common-salt.jpg/440px-Common-salt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption>Аш тоҙоноң кристалдары (ҙурайтып)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Russian_bread_and_salt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Russian_bread_and_salt.jpg/220px-Russian_bread_and_salt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Russian_bread_and_salt.jpg/330px-Russian_bread_and_salt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Russian_bread_and_salt.jpg/440px-Russian_bread_and_salt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3184" data-file-height="2216" /></a><figcaption>Икмәк-тоҙ рус туйында</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Аш тоҙо</b> — аш-һыуҙы тәмләй торған әсе кристаллик есем<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; ашамлыҡ һәм техник продукт; тәбиғәттә галит минералы рәүешендә осрай. </p><p>Аш тоҙо халыҡ хужалығының күп тармаҡтарында: аҙыҡ-түлек <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D0%BD%D3%99%D2%93%D3%99%D1%82" title="Сәнәғәт">сәнәғәтендә</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1" title="Малсылыҡ">малсылыҡта</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина">медицинала</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Химия">химияла</a> (Na, CI, HCI, инсектицидтар, хәрби маҡсаттарҙа ағыулы матдәләр һ.б. яһау өсөн), күн, нефть (быраулау иҙмәләре өсөн) сәнәғәтендә һ.б. киң ҡулланыла. </p><p>Ике халәттә киң таралған: ҡаты − NaCI -ҙың (% тарҙа) уртаса миҡдары таш тоҙҙа − 92-98,8, ултырмаларҙа − 77-95; эремәләрҙә − диңгеҙ һыуында − 0,6 (Каспий диңгеҙе), 2,7 (Ер шары океаны), тоҙло күлдәрҙең тәбиғи эремәһендә — 7,3, 25,9, (Хужа-Мумын күле, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Төркмәнстан">Төркмәнстан</a> Республикаһы), ер аҫты минераль һыуҙарында — 5 тән күберәк. Ҡулланылышына ҡарап аҙыҡ-түлек (тулайым етештереүҙең 50%-ы), техник (40 %) һәм мал аҙығы (10 %) тоҙона бүленә. Аш тоҙон сығарыу, тәбиғәттәге тоҙло һыуҙарҙан һәм диңгеҙ һыуынан тәбиғи рәүештә һәм заводта парға әйләндерү юлы менән алалар. Донъя күләмендә йылына 190—215 млн тонна аш тоҙо етештерелә, төп етештереүселәре — <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A0%D0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="АҠШ">АҠШ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Ҡытай">Ҡытай</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия">Германия</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Рәсәй">Рәсәй</a> (йылына 8-10 млн тонна). Рәсәй Федерацияһында тоҙ сығарыу <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D2%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Башҡортостан">Башҡортостанда</a> (Бөтә Рәсәй етештереү күләменең 40 %), <a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D3%99%D1%85%D3%99%D0%BD_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%BB%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Әстрәхән өлкәһе">Әстрәхән</a> (23 %), <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%BB%D0%B5" title="Иркутск өлкәһе">Иркутск</a> (13 %), <a href="/wiki/%D0%AB%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%BB%D0%B5" title="Ырымбур өлкәһе">Ырымбур</a> (4 %) һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%BB%D0%B5" title="Волгоград өлкәһе">Волгоград</a> (4 %) өлкәләрендә ғәмәлгә ашырыла. </p><p>Тәбиғи (диңгеҙ) тоҙға һәр ваҡыт тиерлек башҡа минераль тоҙҙар ҡушылған була, улар тоҙға төрлө төҫтәр (ғәҙәттә һоро, көрән, ал төҫтәр) өҫтәй ала. </p><p>Эре һәм ваҡ, таҙа, иодлы, нитритлы һәм башҡа төрҙәрҙә етештерелә. Таҙалығына ҡарап, экстра, юғары, беренсе һәм икенсе сорттарға бүленә. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Аш_тоҙон_сығарыу_технологиялары"><span id=".D0.90.D1.88_.D1.82.D0.BE.D2.99.D0.BE.D0.BD_.D1.81.D1.8B.D2.93.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B.D1.83_.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.85.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.8F.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Аш тоҙон сығарыу технологиялары</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Аш тоҙон сығарыу технологиялары бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&action=edit&section=1" title="Аш тоҙон сығарыу технологиялары бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ултырма тоҙ «тоҙло шарлауыҡтарҙан» диңгеҙ һыуының тәбиғи парға әйләнеүе юлы менән алына.</li> <li>Ултырма тоҙ тоҙло күлдәрҙең төбөнән йәки тоҙло мәмерйә күлдәренән алына. Уны сығарыу йылы миҙгелдә яһалма яҫы бассейндарҙа тәбиғи парға әйләнеүе юлы менән ҡулай климатлы урындарҙа тормошҡа ашырыла. Һалҡын климатлы төбәктәрҙә туңдырыу ысулы ҡулланыла.</li> <li>Таш тоҙ шахталарҙы эшкәртеү ысулы менән сығарыла. Йылылыҡ һәм һыу менән эшкәртеү талап ителмәй.</li> <li>Ҡайнатылған тоҙ тоҙ иретмәләренән (тәбиғи ер аҫты тоҙло һыуҙарынан йәки таш тоҙ ҡатламдарына быраулау скважиналары аша һыу ҡыуыу ысулы менән алынған) парға әйләндереү юлы менән алына.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Биологик_роле"><span id=".D0.91.D0.B8.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D0.BA_.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B5"></span>Биологик роле</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Биологик роле бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&action=edit&section=2" title="Биологик роле бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Тоҙ кеше ғүмере өсөн дә, башҡа тере йәндәр өсөн дә бик мөһим<sup id="cite_ref-Кукушкин_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Кукушкин-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ундағы хлор ионы тоҙ кислотаһы — ашҡаҙан һутының мөһим компонентын — етештереү өсөн төп материал булып тора<sup id="cite_ref-Кукушкин_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Кукушкин-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Натрий иондары башҡа элементтарҙың иондары менән бергә нервы импульстарын тапшырыуҙа, мускул сүстәренең ҡыҫҡарыуында ҡатнаша, шуға күрә уларҙың организмда етерлек концентрацияла булмауы дөйөм хәлһеҙлеккә, тиҙ арыуға һәм башҡа нервы-мускул ҡаҡшауына килтерә. Шул уҡ ваҡытта натрийҙың артыҡ булыуы шыйыҡсаның тотҡарланыуына һәм ҡан баҫымының күтәрелеүенә килтерә<sup id="cite_ref-medline_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medline-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Туҡланыу рационында тоҙҙоң кәрәкле миҡдары тураһында төрлө мәғлүмәттәр бар. Бөтә донъя һаулыҡ һаҡлау ойошмаһы өлкәндәр өсөн натрийҙы тәүлегенә 2 граммға тиклем сикләргә кәңәш итә, был 5 грамм аш тоҙона тап килә<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Америка табиптары сәләмәт кешеләргә тоҙҙо көнөнә бер сәй ҡалағы (6 г самаһы) йәки аҙыраҡ (4 г кәмерәк) ҡулланырға кәңәш бирә. Аш тоҙонда яҡынса 40 % натрий бар (йылылыҡ стресы, тирләүҙең көсәйеүе йәки ҡайһы бер ауырыуҙар менән бәйле күнегеүҙәр ваҡытында тәҡдим ителгән дәүмәл артыуы ихтимал). Шул уҡ ваҡытта был миҡдарҙа ярымфабрикаттарҙағы, соустарҙағы, консерваларҙағы һәм уларға оҡшаш тоҙҙоң инеүен иҫәпкә алырға кәрәк, ә натрий сығанаҡтары булып башҡа аҙыҡ-түлек тә, аҙыҡ өҫтәмәләре лә тороуы мөмкин<sup id="cite_ref-medline_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medline-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Тоҙҙоң етешмәү билдәләре — баш ауыртыу һәм хәлһеҙлек, баш әйләнеү, күңел төшөнкөлөгө[5]. Аҙыҡҡа тоҙ өҫтәгәндән һуң кәйеф яҡшыра<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Шулай уҡ <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D2%99%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Аҙыҡ-түлек">аҙыҡ-түлек</a> продукттарын оҙаҡ һаҡлап ҡалыуҙың башҡа ысулдары билдәһеҙ булған дәүерҙә тоҙҙоң яҡшы һаҡлау үҙенсәлектәре ҡиммәтле тауар булараҡ уға айырым ҡараш тыуҙырған<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Элек-электән һунарсылар һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1" title="Малсылыҡ">малсылар</a> тоҙға ихтыяжын <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82" title="Ит">ит</a> ризыҡтарын ҡулланып (ҡайһы берҙә сей килеш) ҡәнәғәтләндергән. <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Игенселек">Игенселек</a> менән шөғөлләнгән халыҡтар иһә башлыса хлорлы натрийға ярлы үҫемлек аҙығы ҡулланғандар<sup id="cite_ref-Жорес_Медведев_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Жорес_Медведев-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Етештереү"><span id=".D0.95.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.88.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D2.AF"></span>Етештереү</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Етештереү бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&action=edit&section=3" title="Етештереү бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="dablink noprint">Төп мәҡәлә: <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D2%99_%D1%81%D3%99%D0%BD%D3%99%D2%93%D3%99%D1%82%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тоҙ сәнәғәте (был бит юҡ)">Тоҙ сәнәғәте</a></b> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Salt_evaporation_ponds_on_the_coast_of_Brittany.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Salt_evaporation_ponds_on_the_coast_of_Brittany.png/220px-Salt_evaporation_ponds_on_the_coast_of_Brittany.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Salt_evaporation_ponds_on_the_coast_of_Brittany.png/330px-Salt_evaporation_ponds_on_the_coast_of_Brittany.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Salt_evaporation_ponds_on_the_coast_of_Brittany.png/440px-Salt_evaporation_ponds_on_the_coast_of_Brittany.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="690" /></a><figcaption>Диңгеҙ һыуын парға әйләндереп тоҙ алыу өсөн бассейндар. Бретань (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Франция">Франция</a>), яҡынса 1880 йыл</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Piles_of_Salt_Salar_de_Uyuni_Bolivia_Luca_Galuzzi_2006_a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Piles_of_Salt_Salar_de_Uyuni_Bolivia_Luca_Galuzzi_2006_a.jpg/220px-Piles_of_Salt_Salar_de_Uyuni_Bolivia_Luca_Galuzzi_2006_a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Piles_of_Salt_Salar_de_Uyuni_Bolivia_Luca_Galuzzi_2006_a.jpg/330px-Piles_of_Salt_Salar_de_Uyuni_Bolivia_Luca_Galuzzi_2006_a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Piles_of_Salt_Salar_de_Uyuni_Bolivia_Luca_Galuzzi_2006_a.jpg/440px-Piles_of_Salt_Salar_de_Uyuni_Bolivia_Luca_Galuzzi_2006_a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1320" /></a><figcaption>Уюни татырлығында тоҙ сығарыу, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Боливия">Боливия</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Боронғо замандарҙа тоҙҙо ҡайһы бер үҫемлектәрҙе (мәҫәлән, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Сәтләүек ағасы">сәтләүек</a> йәки башҡа япраҡлы ағастарҙы) усаҡтарҙа яндырып алғандар; барлыҡҡа килгән көлдө тәмләткес итеп файҙаланғандар. Тоҙ күләмен арттырыу өсөн уға өҫтәмә рәүештә тоҙло диңгеҙ һыуы өҫтәгәндәр. </p><p>Европа һәм Алғы Азия биләмәһендә иң боронғо тоҙ ҡайнатыу заводтары Европала тәүге ҡалаларҙың береһе — <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария">Болгарияның</a> <a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99" title="Ҡара диңгеҙ">Ҡара диңгеҙ</a> ярында Провадия-Солницата ҡасабаһын ҡаҙыу барышында табылған. Был торама беҙҙең эраға тиклем мең йыллыҡ уртаһынан алып аш тоҙо етештереү үҙәге булып тора; урындағы тоҙло сығанаҡтан алынған һыу көмбәҙ рәүешендәге ҙур балсыҡ мейестәрҙә парға әйләнә. Б.э.т. мең йыллыҡ аҙағына тоҙ етештереү бында сәнәғәт масштабтарына етә һәм 4—5 тоннаға тиклем арта. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Brine_tube_of_the_Kovda_river.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Brine_tube_of_the_Kovda_river.jpg/300px-Brine_tube_of_the_Kovda_river.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Brine_tube_of_the_Kovda_river.jpg/450px-Brine_tube_of_the_Kovda_river.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Brine_tube_of_the_Kovda_river.jpg/600px-Brine_tube_of_the_Kovda_river.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Ковда йылғаһы үҙәнендә тоҙло һыу күтәреү торбаһының ҡалдығы</figcaption></figure> <p>Ике мең йыл тирәһе элек тоҙ сығарыу диңгеҙ һыуын парға әйләндереү юлы менән алып барыла башлаған. Был ысул тәүге тапҡыр ҡоро һәм эҫе климатлы илдәрҙә барлыҡҡа килә, унда тәбиғи рәүештә бушатыу күҙәтелә; таралыу менән һыу яһалма рәүештә йылытыла башлаған. Төньяҡ райондарҙа, атап әйткәндә, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A1_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99" title="Аҡ диңгеҙ">Аҡ диңгеҙ</a> ярҙарында ысул камиллаштырыла: сөсө һыу тоҙҙан иртәрәк туңа, ҡалған иретмәлә тоҙ концентрацияһы ла шуға ярашлы арта. Шулай итеп, сөсө һыу һәм тупланған һыу бер үк ваҡытта диңгеҙ һыуынан алына, һуңынан ул энергия сығымдарын кәметеү менән ҡайнатыла<sup id="cite_ref-Кукушкин_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Кукушкин-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Шулай уҡ тоҙ ҡороған диңгеҙҙәр урынындағы ятҡылыҡтарҙан алынған галитты (таш тоҙҙо) сәнәғәт юлы менән таҙартып алына. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Рәсәй_тоҙ_баҙары"><span id=".D0.A0.D3.99.D1.81.D3.99.D0.B9_.D1.82.D0.BE.D2.99_.D0.B1.D0.B0.D2.99.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Рәсәй тоҙ баҙары</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Рәсәй тоҙ баҙары бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&action=edit&section=4" title="Рәсәй тоҙ баҙары бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Cardona_mina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Cardona_mina.jpg/220px-Cardona_mina.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Cardona_mina.jpg/330px-Cardona_mina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Cardona_mina.jpg/440px-Cardona_mina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="801" /></a><figcaption>Тоҙ шахтаһы шахта</figcaption></figure> <p>2006 йыл башында Рәсәй тоҙ баҙары йылына 3,6 млн тонна тип баһалана<sup id="cite_ref-rbc215066_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rbc215066-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, башҡа сығанаҡтар буйынса — 4,56 млн тонна, шуларҙың 0,56 миллион тоннаһы — аҙыҡ-түлек сығымдары, ә 4 миллион тоннаһы — тоҙҙо сәнәғәт маҡсаттарында, башлыса химик маҡсаттарҙа ҡулланыу. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Украина">украин</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Беларусь">белорустар</a> төп сит ил тәьмин итеүселәре булып тора. </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Тәьмин итеүсе</th> <th>Рәсәй баҙарына оҙатылған тауар күләме,<br />млн. йылына тонна </th></tr> <tr> <td>ОАО «Бассоль», <a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Әстерхан">Әстерхан</a></td> <td>1,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Уралкалий», Березники</td> <td>1,0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ОАО «Илецксоль», <a href="/wiki/%D0%AB%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80" title="Ырымбур">Ырымбур</a></td> <td>0,5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ФГУП «Тыретский солерудник», Тыреть</td> <td>0,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>«Астрасоль», Әстерхан</td> <td>0,3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Бөтәһе (Рәсәй етештереүселәре)</th> <th>3,2—3,5 </th></tr> <tr> <td>ГПО «Артёмсоль», <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Украина">Украина</a></td> <td>1,0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ПО «Беларуськалий», <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Белоруссия">Белоруссия</a></td> <td>0,5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ОАО «Мозырьсоль», Белоруссия</td> <td>0,1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Бөтәһе (Тышҡы тәьмин итеүселәр)</th> <th>1—1,6 </th></tr> <tr> <th>Бөтәһе</th> <th>4,8—5,1 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Донъя_тоҙ_баҙары"><span id=".D0.94.D0.BE.D0.BD.D1.8A.D1.8F_.D1.82.D0.BE.D2.99_.D0.B1.D0.B0.D2.99.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Донъя тоҙ баҙары</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Донъя тоҙ баҙары бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&action=edit&section=5" title="Донъя тоҙ баҙары бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2017 йылда тоҙ <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Донъя баҙары">донъя баҙарында</a> иң күп һатылған тауарҙар иҫәбендә 647-се урынды биләй, күләме 2,39 миллиард <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A0%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="АҠШ доллары">АҠШ доллары</a> тәшкил итә<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>2017 йылда иң эре тоҙ экспортлаусылар: <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Австралия">Австралия</a> (308 миллион доллар), <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Нидерланд">Нидерландтар</a> (283 миллион доллар), <a href="/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Һиндостан">Һиндостан</a> (272 миллион доллар), <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Германия">Германия</a> (221 миллион доллар) һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мексика">Мексика</a> (151 миллион доллар); Иң эре импортерҙар: <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония">Япония</a> (242 миллион доллар), <a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Ҡытай Халыҡ Республикаһы">Ҡытай</a> (212 миллион доллар), Германия (173 миллион доллар) һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индонезия">Индонезия</a> (167 миллион доллар). </p><p>Донъя тоҙ экспортында Рәсәйҙең өлөшө — 0,3 % (7,14 млн доллар), импортта — 3,7 % (89,2 млн доллар). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ҡулланыу"><span id=".D2.A0.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.8B.D1.83"></span>Ҡулланыу</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Ҡулланыу бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&action=edit&section=6" title="Ҡулланыу бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Аҙыҡ-түлек_продукты"><span id=".D0.90.D2.99.D1.8B.D2.A1-.D1.82.D2.AF.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B4.D1.83.D0.BA.D1.82.D1.8B"></span>Аҙыҡ-түлек продукты</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Аҙыҡ-түлек продукты бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&action=edit&section=7" title="Аҙыҡ-түлек продукты бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Salt-cristalls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Salt-cristalls.jpg/250px-Salt-cristalls.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Salt-cristalls.jpg/375px-Salt-cristalls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Salt-cristalls.jpg/500px-Salt-cristalls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2577" data-file-height="1938" /></a><figcaption>Ащ тоҙоноң кристалдары</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:2015-03-07_Pakistanisches,_sogenanntes_Himalaya-Salz_0399.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/2015-03-07_Pakistanisches%2C_sogenanntes_Himalaya-Salz_0399.jpg/220px-2015-03-07_Pakistanisches%2C_sogenanntes_Himalaya-Salz_0399.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/2015-03-07_Pakistanisches%2C_sogenanntes_Himalaya-Salz_0399.jpg/330px-2015-03-07_Pakistanisches%2C_sogenanntes_Himalaya-Salz_0399.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/2015-03-07_Pakistanisches%2C_sogenanntes_Himalaya-Salz_0399.jpg/440px-2015-03-07_Pakistanisches%2C_sogenanntes_Himalaya-Salz_0399.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4324" data-file-height="3252" /></a><figcaption>Пакистанда Хевра шахтаһынан ҡыҙыл таш тоҙ</figcaption></figure> <p>Аш-һыу әҙерләүҙә тоҙ мөһим тәмләткес итеп ҡулланыла. Соль һәр кешегә яҡшы таныш, шунһыҙ <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8B%D2%A1" title="Ризыҡ">ризыҡтар</a> сөсө булып тойола. Тоҙҙоң был үҙенсәлеге кеше физиологияһына бәйле, әммә кешеләр йыш ҡына физиологик процестар өсөн кәрәк булғандан күберәк ҡуллана<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Тоҙҙоң еңелсә антисептик үҙенсәлектәре бар; уның 10-15 %-лы миҡдары серек <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бактериялар">бактерияларҙың</a> үҫеүенә юл ҡуймай<sup id="cite_ref-Кукушкин_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Кукушкин-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, был уны аҙыҡтың һәм башҡа органик массаларҙың (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Тире">тире</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D2%99%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Үҙағас">үҙағас</a>, елем) консерванты сифатында киң ҡулланылыуына сәбәпсе булып тора. </p><p>Хәҙер тоҙҙоң экзотик төрҙәре күп: ыҫланған француз, <b>четверговая соль</b>, ҡара лава, Гималай ҡара кала намак һәм санчал, перу алһыу, Гималай алһыу (<a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Гималай тауҙары">Гималай тауҙарында</a>, башлыса Пакистанда һ.б.) ҡулдан сығарыла; ҡайһы бер ресторандарҙа (мәҫәлән, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Таиланд">Таиландтың</a> Пхукет курортында) хатта «тоҙ сомельеһы» һөнәре лә бар<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Һатыуға сығарылған тоҙҙа NaCl миҡдары 97 %-тан (икенсе сорт) алып 99,7 %-ҡа (экстра) тиклем тәшкил итә, ҡалған өлөшө төрлө ҡушылмаларға (натрий сульфаты, калий хлориды һ.б.), шулай уҡ йыш ҡына өҫтәмәләргә тура килә. Йышыраҡ йодидтар һәм карбонаттар, ә һуңғы йылдарҙа фторидтар өҫтәлә. Фторидтарҙы өҫтәү теш ауырыуҙарын иҫкәртеү өсөн ҡулланыла. 1950-се йылдарҙан алып Швейцарияла тоҙға фторид өҫтәлә башлай. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Тоҙҙо_артыҡ_ҡулланыу"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.BE.D2.99.D2.99.D0.BE_.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.82.D1.8B.D2.A1_.D2.A1.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.8B.D1.83"></span>Тоҙҙо артыҡ ҡулланыу</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Тоҙҙо артыҡ ҡулланыу бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&action=edit&section=8" title="Тоҙҙо артыҡ ҡулланыу бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D1%82%D3%99_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%8F_%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D2%BB%D0%B0%D2%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83_%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Бөтә донъя һаулыҡ һаҡлау ойошмаһы">Бөтә донъя һаулыҡ һаҡлау ойошмаһы</a> мәғлүмәттәренә ярашлы, тоҙҙо физиологик норманан артығын даими ҡабул итеү ҡан баҫымының күтәрелеүенә, һөҙөмтәлә йөрәк һәм бөйөрҙәрҙең төрлө ауырыуҙарына, ашҡаҙан рагына һәм остеопорозға килтерәу<sup id="cite_ref-Кукушкин_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Кукушкин-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NJ_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NJ-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Башҡа натрий тоҙҙары менән бер рәттән аш тоҙо күҙ ауырыуҙарына һәм күҙ ҡабағы шешеүенә сәбәпсе булыуы ихтимал - тоҙ организмда һыуҙы тотҡарлай, уның ҙур күләме үҙендә май туҡымаһын «һаҡлай». Күҙ эсендәге баҫымдың күтәрелеүенә һәм катарактаның үҫеүенә килтереүе мөмкин. </p><p>Бөтә донъя һаулыҡ һаҡлау ойошмаһы бер кеше өсөн тоҙҙоң көнлөк күләмен физиологик норма итеп 5 граммды билдәләгән<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Әммә Европала һәм Америкала кеше уртаса 10 грамға яҡын ҡуллана. Европаның күп кенә илдәрендә һәм Америкала тоҙҙо артыҡ ҡулланыуҙың насар эҙемтәләрен аңлатыу буйынса программалар йәйелдерелгән. Англияла тоҙ миҡдары хаҡында аҙыҡ-түлек этикеткаларында хәбәр итеүҙе талап иткән закон ҡабул ителгән. </p><p>Финляндияла тоҙ ҡулланыуҙы өстән бер өлөшөнә кәметеүгә өлгәшәләр, шуның арҡаһында <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Инсульт">инсульттан</a> һәм йөрәк өйәнәгенән үлем осраҡтары 80 процентҡа кәмей<sup id="cite_ref-NJ_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NJ-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Европа илдәрендә үткәрелгән тикшереүҙәр күрһәтеүенсә, йөклө булыу осоронда ҡатын-ҡыҙ ғәҙәти күләмдә тоҙ ҡулланырға тейеш. Артыҡ ҡулланыу <a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Ҡан әйләнеше">ҡан әйләнеше</a> системаһының көсһөҙләнеүенә, гипертонияға килтереүе ихтимал, ләкин уныңң етмәүе лә зарарлы. Тоҙҙо ныҡлы сикләү шешенеүҙе насарайтыуы ихтимал, буласаҡ баланың бөйөрҙәре үҫешенә насар йоғонто яһай ала, был киләсәктә <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гипертония">гипертонияға</a> килтереүе мөмкин<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Америка Ҡушма Штаттарында «натрий миҡдары аҙ булған тоҙ» булараҡ рекламаланған төрлө продукттар һатыла. Натрий миҡдарының кәмеүе күләм берәмегенә аш тоҙо күләменең кәмеүе иҫәбенә өлгәшелә. Етештереү варианттарының береһе - натрий хлоридын калий йәки магний хлориды кеүек башҡа химик берләшмәләр менән өлөшләтә алмаштырыу<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Икенсе вариант — тоҙҙоң үҙенсәлекле кристалл төҙөлөшөн үҙгәртеү («ҡар бөртөгө» характерлы призмалар урынына), һөҙөмтәлә уның күләм тығыҙлығы кәмей (0,76 г/см3, «ябай» тоҙҙоң 1,24 г/см3 урынына), һәм продукттың бер ҡалағы натрийҙан (тоҙҙар ҙа шулай уҡ) өстән бер өлөшкә кәмерәк<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Тоҙһоҙ_диета"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.BE.D2.99.D2.BB.D0.BE.D2.99_.D0.B4.D0.B8.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.B0"></span>Тоҙһоҙ диета</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Тоҙһоҙ диета бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&action=edit&section=9" title="Тоҙһоҙ диета бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Тоҙһоҙ диета дауалау маҡсатында ғына ҡулланыла һәм белгес күҙәтеүе аҫтында үткәрелә. Ул бөйөр һәм бәүел сығарыу юлдары ауырыуҙары ваҡытында тәғәйенләнә. Туҡланыу рационы ваҡытында организмда тоҙ тупланмаһының кәмеүе һөҙөмтәһе булараҡ <a href="/wiki/%D2%BA%D1%8B%D1%83" title="Һыу">һыу</a> юғалтыу арҡаһында ауырлыҡтың кәмеүе мөмкин. Тоҙһоҙ диетаны үҙ аллы билдәләргә ярамай. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Химия_промышленносы"><span id=".D0.A5.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B8.D1.8F_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BC.D1.8B.D1.88.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.8B"></span>Химия промышленносы</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Химия промышленносы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&action=edit&section=10" title="Химия промышленносы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Аш тоҙо <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D0%BD%D3%99%D2%93%D3%99%D1%82" title="Сәнәғәт">сәнәғәттә</a> сода, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хлор">хлор</a>, тоҙ кислотаһы, натрий гидроксиды һәм натрий металы алыу өсөн ҡулланыла<sup id="cite_ref-Кукушкин_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Кукушкин-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Боҙлауыҡҡа_ҡаршы_реагент"><span id=".D0.91.D0.BE.D2.99.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.83.D1.8B.D2.A1.D2.A1.D0.B0_.D2.A1.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.88.D1.8B_.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B0.D0.B3.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.82"></span>Боҙлауыҡҡа ҡаршы реагент</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Боҙлауыҡҡа ҡаршы реагент бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&action=edit&section=11" title="Боҙлауыҡҡа ҡаршы реагент бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:SaltInWaterSolutionLiquid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/SaltInWaterSolutionLiquid.jpg/148px-SaltInWaterSolutionLiquid.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/SaltInWaterSolutionLiquid.jpg/222px-SaltInWaterSolutionLiquid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/SaltInWaterSolutionLiquid.jpg/296px-SaltInWaterSolutionLiquid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="1013" /></a><figcaption>Тоҙ һыуҙа</figcaption></figure> <p>Тоҙ боҙға ҡушылһа (шул иҫәптән ҡарға), уны иретә. Килеп сыҡҡан һыу-тоҙ иретмәһе, тоҙ миҡтарына ҡарап, түбән температурала кристаллаша (туңа). Концентрацияһы ни тиклем юғарыраҡ, иретмәнең кристаллашыу температураһы ла шул тиклем түбәнерәк була. Был күренеш юлдарҙы боҙ һәм ҡарҙан таҙартыу өсөн ҡулланыла. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Рәсәйҙә_тоҙҙоң_мәҙәни_әһәмиәте"><span id=".D0.A0.D3.99.D1.81.D3.99.D0.B9.D2.99.D3.99_.D1.82.D0.BE.D2.99.D2.99.D0.BE.D2.A3_.D0.BC.D3.99.D2.99.D3.99.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D3.99.D2.BB.D3.99.D0.BC.D0.B8.D3.99.D1.82.D0.B5"></span>Рәсәйҙә тоҙҙоң мәҙәни әһәмиәте</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Рәсәйҙә тоҙҙоң мәҙәни әһәмиәте бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&action=edit&section=12" title="Рәсәйҙә тоҙҙоң мәҙәни әһәмиәте бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Тоҙ ярҙамында күрәҙәлек итеү (аломантия) бар<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Билдәле булыуынса, һунарсылар тайгалағы торлаҡта осраҡлы юл йөрөүселәр өсөн мотлаҡ шырпы һәм тоҙ ҡалдыра<sup id="cite_ref-Кукушкин_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Кукушкин-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Рәсәйҙә <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Православие дине">православие динен</a> тотоусылар араһында Бөйөк кесаҙнала<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> «кесаҙна тоҙо» әҙерләү ҡабул ителгән — эре тоҙҙо кеүәҫ төбө йәки арыш икмәге менән бутап, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Таба">табала</a> ҡыҙҙырғандар, һуңынан <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Киле">килелә</a> төйгәндәр. Сирек өлөш тоҙҙо <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Пасха">пасха</a> йомортҡалары һәм ҡайһы бер башҡа ризыҡтар менән ҡулланғандар<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Геральдикала"><span id=".D0.93.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.8C.D0.B4.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0"></span>Геральдикала</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Геральдикала бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&action=edit&section=13" title="Геральдикала бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <center><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 940px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 175px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Coat_of_Arms_of_Bakhmut.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Бахмут гербы — тоҙҙоң алхимик билдәһе"><img alt="Бахмут гербы — тоҙҙоң алхимик билдәһе" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Coat_of_Arms_of_Bakhmut.svg/95px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Bakhmut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Coat_of_Arms_of_Bakhmut.svg/143px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Bakhmut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Coat_of_Arms_of_Bakhmut.svg/190px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Bakhmut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="460" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Бахмут гербы — тоҙҙоң <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Алхимия">алхимик</a> билдәһе </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 175px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%91%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Артёмовск (Кене) гербы — өс тоҙ кристалы"><img alt="Артёмовск (Кене) гербы — өс тоҙ кристалы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%91%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%28%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%29.png/144px-%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%91%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%28%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%29.png" decoding="async" width="144" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%91%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%28%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%29.png/216px-%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%91%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%28%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%91%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%28%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%29.png 2x" data-file-width="238" data-file-height="207" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Артёмовск (Кене) <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1" title="Герб">гербы</a> — өс тоҙ кристалы</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 175px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Soligalich_COA_(Kostroma_Governorate)_(1779).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Солигалич гербы"><img alt="Солигалич гербы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Soligalich_COA_%28Kostroma_Governorate%29_%281779%29.png/103px-Soligalich_COA_%28Kostroma_Governorate%29_%281779%29.png" decoding="async" width="103" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Soligalich_COA_%28Kostroma_Governorate%29_%281779%29.png/155px-Soligalich_COA_%28Kostroma_Governorate%29_%281779%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Soligalich_COA_%28Kostroma_Governorate%29_%281779%29.png 2x" data-file-width="174" data-file-height="211" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87_(%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Солигалич (станция)">Солигалич</a> гербы</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 175px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Solvychegodsk_(Vologda_Governorate)_(1780).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Сольвычегодск гербы"><img alt="Сольвычегодск гербы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Solvychegodsk_%28Vologda_Governorate%29_%281780%29.png/106px-Solvychegodsk_%28Vologda_Governorate%29_%281780%29.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Solvychegodsk_%28Vologda_Governorate%29_%281780%29.png/159px-Solvychegodsk_%28Vologda_Governorate%29_%281780%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Solvychegodsk_%28Vologda_Governorate%29_%281780%29.png 2x" data-file-width="174" data-file-height="206" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Сольвычегодск гербы</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 175px; height: 155px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Coat_of_Arms_of_Engels_(Saratov_oblast).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Энгельс районы гербы"><img alt="Энгельс районы гербы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Coat_of_Arms_of_Engels_%28Saratov_oblast%29.png/97px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Engels_%28Saratov_oblast%29.png" decoding="async" width="97" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Coat_of_Arms_of_Engels_%28Saratov_oblast%29.png/146px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Engels_%28Saratov_oblast%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Coat_of_Arms_of_Engels_%28Saratov_oblast%29.png/194px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Engels_%28Saratov_oblast%29.png 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Энгельс районы гербы</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 175px; 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clear:right; border:solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) 1px; background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit; padding:1ex; font-size:90%; float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ba.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="wikt:Поваренная соль"><img alt="wikt:" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wiktionary-logo-ru.png/20px-Wiktionary-logo-ru.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wiktionary-logo-ru.png/30px-Wiktionary-logo-ru.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wiktionary-logo-ru.png/40px-Wiktionary-logo-ru.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="135" /></a></span> </th> <td><span class="wikidict-ref"><a href="https://ba.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="wikt:Поваренная соль">Поваренная соль</a></span> Викиһүҙлектә </td></tr> <tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Salt" title="commons:Category:Salt"><img alt="commons:" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </th> <td><span class="wikicommons-ref"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Salt?uselang=ru">Аш тоҙо</a></span> Викимилектә </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343" id="CITEREFМЭСБЕ19091907—1909"><span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248"><a href="https://ba.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="s:МЭСБЕ/Соль поваренная">Соль поваренная</a></span> // <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона">Малый энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона</a>: В 4 томах. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default;" title="Санкт-Петербург">СПб.</span>, 1907—1909.</span></li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:s:ЭСБЕ/Соль поваренная">Соль поваренная</a></span> // <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%BB%D2%AF%D2%99%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Брокгауз һәм Ефрондың энциклопедик һүҙлеге">Брокгауз һәм Ефрондың энциклопедик һүҙлеге</a>: 86 томда (82 т. һәм 4 өҫтәмә том). — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default;" title="Санкт-Петербург">СПб.</span>, 1890—1907.</span> <span class="ref-info" title="Рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(рус.)</span></li> <li>ВТ-РСКД|Salinae</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.o-soli.ru/">Соль: история и факты</a><small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2010 йыл 21 февраль <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100221213235/http://www.o-soli.ru/">архивланған</a>.</span></small></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111027174620/http://novoteh.biz/technologies.html">Технологии добычи соли</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sto-let.blogspot.com/2008/07/blog-post_7481.html">Соль и здоровье</a><small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2011 йыл 21 ғинуар <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110121172721/http://sto-let.blogspot.com/2008/07/blog-post_7481.html">архивланған</a>.</span></small></li> <li>Василий Песков. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kp.ru/daily/24197.3/402720">Окно в природу: щепотка соли</a><small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2009 йыл 27 июнь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090627174203/http://www.kp.ru/daily/24197.3/402720">архивланған</a>.</span></small></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://himiklab.org.ua/cryst_nacl.shtml">Необычные кристаллы поваренной соли</a><small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2019 йыл 9 ноябрь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191109131028/http://himiklab.org.ua/cryst_nacl.shtml">архивланған</a>.</span></small></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Навигационный шаблон" data-name="External links"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><div style="padding: 0px 18px 0px 0px; width: 100%;"><div style="float: left;"><span class="noprint plainlinks nowrap" style="font-size:85%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D2%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B_%D2%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Ҡалыпты ҡарау"><img alt="⚙️" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/14px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/21px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/28px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span> </span></div>  Һүҙлектәр һәм энциклопедиялар</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciclopedia.cat/enciclopèdies/gran-enciclopèdia-catalana/EC-GEC-0209285.xml">Большая каталонская</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bigenc.ru/text/2251399">Большая российская</a> · <a href="https://ba.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="s:ЭСБЕ/Соль поваренная">Брокгауза и Ефрона</a> · <a href="https://ba.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86.)" class="extiw" title="s:ЭСБЕ/Соль поваренная (медиц.)">Брокгауза и Ефрона</a> · <a href="https://ba.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%B2_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="s:ЭСБЕ/Соль, в этнографии">Брокгауза и Ефрона</a> · <a href="https://ba.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%AD%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="s:ЕЭБЕ/Соль">Еврейская Брокгауза и Ефрона</a> · <a href="https://ba.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="s:МЭСБЕ/Соль поваренная">Малый Брокгауза и Ефрона</a> · <a href="https://ba.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%94/Salinae" class="extiw" title="s:РСКД/Salinae">Реальный словарь классических древностей</a> · <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_(1879)/Salt" class="extiw" title="wikisource:The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Salt">American Cycl. (1879)</a> · <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Salt" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Salt">Britannica (11-th)</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://global.britannica.com/science/salt">Britannica (онлайн)</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F014041.php">Швейцарский исторический</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Норматив контроль (был бит юҡ)">Норматив контроль</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span title="Общий нормативный контроль (GND)" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">GND</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4031453-4">4031453-4</a> · <span title="Контрольный номер Библиотеки Конгресса" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">LCCN</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85116850">sh85116850</a> · <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Японияның милли парламент китапханаһы">NDL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00571207">00571207</a> · <span title="Национальная библиотека Чехии" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help;">NKC</span>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph189248">ph189248</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тоҙ_башҡорт_мифологияһында"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.BE.D2.99_.D0.B1.D0.B0.D1.88.D2.A1.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.82_.D0.BC.D0.B8.D1.84.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.8F.D2.BB.D1.8B.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0"></span>Тоҙ башҡорт мифологияһында</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Тоҙ башҡорт мифологияһында бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&action=edit&section=16" title="Тоҙ башҡорт мифологияһында бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Тоҙҙо урманда түгеп ҡалдырырға ярамай, иреп бөткәнсе илай, ти</li> <li>Ауырыу баланы өшкөртөлгөн тоҙ менән саялар. Шул һыу менән ауырыу китә, тиҙәр<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <table class="metadata plainlinks navigation-box ruwikiWikimediaNavigation" style="margin:0 0 1em 1em; clear:right; border:solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) 1px; background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit; padding:1ex; font-size:90%; float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Salt" title="commons:Category:Salt"><img alt="commons:" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </th> <td><span class="wikicommons-ref"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Salt?uselang=ru">Аш тоҙо</a></span> Викимилектә </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="infobox sisterproject noprint wikidict-box"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Wiktionary-logo-ru.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Викиһүҙлек логотипы"><img alt="Викиһүҙлек логотипы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wiktionary-logo-ru.png/50px-Wiktionary-logo-ru.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wiktionary-logo-ru.png/75px-Wiktionary-logo-ru.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wiktionary-logo-ru.png/100px-Wiktionary-logo-ru.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="135" /></a><figcaption>Викиһүҙлек логотипы</figcaption></figure> Викиһүҙлектә <b><span class="wikidict-ref">«<a href="https://ba.wiktionary.org/wiki/ru:%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99" class="extiw" title="wikt:ru:тоҙ">ru:тоҙ»</a></span></b> мәҡәләһе бар</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Әҙәбиәт"><span id=".D3.98.D2.99.D3.99.D0.B1.D0.B8.D3.99.D1.82"></span>Әҙәбиәт</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Әҙәбиәт бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&action=edit&section=17" title="Әҙәбиәт бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Минеральное сырьё. Соли минеральные: Справочник. М., 1999.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Иҫкәрмәләр"><span id=".D0.98.D2.AB.D0.BA.D3.99.D1.80.D0.BC.D3.99.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80"></span>Иҫкәрмәләр</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&action=edit&section=18" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Толковый словарь современного башкирского литературного языка. (под. ред З. Г. Ураксина, 2005)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Кукушкин-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Кукушкин_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Кукушкин_2-1">2,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Кукушкин_2-2">2,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Кукушкин_2-3">2,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Кукушкин_2-4">2,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Кукушкин_2-5">2,5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Кукушкин_2-6">2,6</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Кукушкин Юрий Николаевич.</i> <span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248">Глава 3. Поваренная соль</span> // <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://n-t.ru/ri/kk/hm03.htm">Химия вокруг нас</a>. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Высшая школа, 1992.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-medline-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-medline_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-medline_3-1">3,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002415.htm">Sodium in diet</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>. <small>Дата обращения: 22 июль 2016.</small> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190329001333/https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002415.htm">Архивировано</a> 29 март 2019 года.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/salt-reduction">Сокращение потребления соли</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>. <i>Всемирная организация здравоохранения</i> (30 июнь 2016). <small>Дата обращения: 29 декабрь 2021.</small> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211229114633/https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/salt-reduction">Архивировано</a> 29 декабрь 2021 года.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160928045342/http://sodiumbreakup.heart.org/sodium-411/how-much-sodium-do-you-need/">How much sodium should I eat per day?</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span> <small>Дата обращения: 22 июль 2016.</small> <small>Архивировано из <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sodiumbreakup.heart.org/sodium-411/how-much-sodium-do-you-need/">оригинала</a> 28 сентябрь 2016 года.</small></span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2016 йыл 28 сентябрь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160928045342/http://sodiumbreakup.heart.org/sodium-411/how-much-sodium-do-you-need/">архивланған</a>.</span></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><i>Курлански Марк.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec-dejavu.net/s/Sol.html">Всеобщая история соли</a>. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Колибри, 2007. — С. 13–25. — (Вещи в себе).</span> <span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090301141515/http://ec-dejavu.net/s/Sol.html">Архивированная копия</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>. <small>Дата обращения: 8 декабрь 2008.</small> <small>Архивировано 1 март 2009 года.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="ru"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/russian/society/2012/10/121031_bulgaria_oldest_town.shtml">В Болгарии раскопали самое древнее городище в Европе</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на языке урыҫ теле">(урыҫ)</span></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B8-%D0%B1%D0%B8-%D1%81%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Русская служба Би-би-си (был бит юҡ)">Русская служба Би-би-си</a> (1 ноябрь 2012). <small>Дата обращения: 15 ғинуар 2013.</small> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6DnKKTwpU?url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/russian/society/2012/10/121031_bulgaria_oldest_town.shtml">Архивировано</a> 19 ғинуар 2013 года.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Жорес_Медведев-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Жорес_Медведев_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Медведев, Жорес Александрович (был бит юҡ)">Жорес Медведев</a>.</i> <span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://2000.net.ua/c/45842">Соль земли — хлористый натрий</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span> <span class="ref-info" title="{{{2}}}" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(недоступная ссылка — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/*/http://2000.net.ua/c/45842"><i>история</i></a>)</span>. 2000. <small>Дата обращения: 22 ғинуар 2008.</small> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/616OIgA5i?url=http://2000.net.ua/2000/aspekty/zdorove/30544">Архивировано</a> 21 август 2011 года.</small></span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2013 йыл 3 июнь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130603075026/http://2000.net.ua/2000/aspekty/zdorove/30544">архивланған</a>.</span></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rbc215066-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-rbc215066_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Олег Трутнев, Елена Желобанова. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rbcdaily.ru/news/comments/index.shtml?2006/02/26/215066">Солевые спекуляции заинтересовали ФАС</a>, <i>РБК daily</i> (26 февраль 2006). <small>12 февраль 2010 тикшерелгән.</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oec.world/ru/profile/hs92/2501/">Соль на справочнике международной торговли oec.world</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>. <small>Дата обращения: 18 октябрь 2019.</small> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191018065727/https://oec.world/ru/profile/hs92/2501/">Архивировано</a> 18 октябрь 2019 года.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physorg.com/news155933499.html">Study suggests salt might be «nature’s antidepressant»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.membrana.ru/lenta/?9134">(рус.)</a> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2010 йыл 15 ғинуар <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100115051736/http://www.membrana.ru/lenta/?9134">архивланған</a>.</span></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">д/ф <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rutv.ru/brand/show/id/35267">Битва за соль. Всемирная история </a> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2013 йыл 30 июль <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130730215836/http://rutv.ru/brand/show/id/35267">архивланған</a>.</span></small> // <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%A2%D0%A0-%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="РТР-Планета (был бит юҡ)">РТР</a>-<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%93%D0%A2%D0%A0%D0%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ВГТРК (был бит юҡ)">ВГТРК</a>, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NJ-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NJ_13-0">13,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NJ_13-1">13,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Не пересолите! Наука и жизнь, № 11 (2010). С. 56-57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lenta.ru/news/2021/05/05/sol/">ВОЗ предостерегла от употребления чрезмерного количества соли</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>. <small>Дата обращения: 5 май 2021.</small> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210525231007/https://lenta.ru/news/2021/05/05/sol/">Архивировано</a> 25 май 2021 года.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21593188">Both high and low maternal salt intake in pregnancy alter kidney development in the offspring.</a></span> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на языке инглиз теле">(ингл.)</span>. <small>Дата обращения: 3 октябрь 2017.</small> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190123020437/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21593188">Архивировано</a> 23 ғинуар 2019 года.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200114112041/http://vse-o-beremennosti.ru/beremennost/prakticheskie-sovety/95-skolko-mozhno-soli-pri-beremennosti">Соль во время беременности</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>. <small>Дата обращения: 20 март 2013.</small> <small>Архивировано из <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vse-o-beremennosti.ru/beremennost/prakticheskie-sovety/95-skolko-mozhno-soli-pri-beremennosti">оригинала</a> 14 ғинуар 2020 года.</small></span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2020 йыл 14 ғинуар <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200114112041/http://vse-o-beremennosti.ru/beremennost/prakticheskie-sovety/95-skolko-mozhno-soli-pri-beremennosti">архивланған</a>.</span></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span lang="en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uhs.wisc.edu/docs/uwhealth_sodium_180.pdf">Sodium</a></span> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на языке инглиз теле">(ингл.)</span> <span class="ref-info" title="{{{2}}}" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(недоступная ссылка — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.uhs.wisc.edu/docs/uwhealth_sodium_180.pdf"><i>история</i></a>)</span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Висконсинский университет в Мадисоне (был бит юҡ)">University of Wisconsin–Madison</a>. <small>Дата обращения: 12 февраль 2012.</small> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/67yI0ajQP?url=http://www.uhs.wisc.edu/docs/uwhealth_sodium_180.pdf">Архивировано</a> 27 май 2012 года.</small></span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2011 йыл 28 сентябрь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928064022/http://www.uhs.wisc.edu/docs/uwhealth_sodium_180.pdf">архивланған</a>.</span></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҡалып:Патент США (был бит юҡ)">Ҡалып:Патент США</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:s:ЭСБЕ/Аломантия">Аломантия</a></span> // <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%BB%D2%AF%D2%99%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Брокгауз һәм Ефрондың энциклопедик һүҙлеге">Брокгауз һәм Ефрондың энциклопедик һүҙлеге</a>: 86 томда (82 т. һәм 4 өҫтәмә том). — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default;" title="Санкт-Петербург">СПб.</span>, 1890—1907.</span> <span class="ref-info" title="Рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(рус.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Великий_четверг">https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Великий_четверг</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><i>Холодная В. Г.</i> <span lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnomuseum.ru/section62/2092/2089/4098.htm">Четверговая соль</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none;">  <span class="ref-info" title="телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(билдәһеҙ)</span></span>. Российский этнографический музей. <small>Дата обращения: 5 апрель 2010.</small> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110830112423/http://www.ethnomuseum.ru/section62/2092/2089/4098.htm">Архивировано</a> 30 август 2011 года.</small></span> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2011 йыл 30 август <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110830112423/http://www.ethnomuseum.ru/section62/2092/2089/4098.htm">архивланған</a>.</span></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Мифологический словарь башкирского языка (Ф. Г. Хисамитдинова, 2010)</span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Сығанаҡтар"><span id=".D0.A1.D1.8B.D2.93.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B0.D2.A1.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Сығанаҡтар</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Сығанаҡтар бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%88_%D1%82%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE&action=edit&section=19" title="Сығанаҡтар бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tatarile.org/maglumat/">Татар энциклопедияһы</a> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2013 йыл 7 декабрь <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131207140810/http://tatarile.org/maglumat">архивланған</a>.</span></small> <span class="ref-info" title="Татар телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(тат.)</span></li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343" id="CITEREFМЭСБЕ19091907—1909"><span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248"><a href="https://ba.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="s:МЭСБЕ/Соль поваренная">Соль поваренная</a></span> // <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона">Малый энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона</a>: В 4 томах. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default;" title="Санкт-Петербург">СПб.</span>, 1907—1909.</span></li> <li><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343"><span data-wikidata-qualifier-id="P248"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:s:ЭСБЕ/Соль поваренная">Соль поваренная</a></span> // <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D2%BB%D2%AF%D2%99%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Брокгауз һәм Ефрондың энциклопедик һүҙлеге">Брокгауз һәм Ефрондың энциклопедик һүҙлеге</a>: 86 томда (82 т. һәм 4 өҫтәмә том). — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default;" title="Санкт-Петербург">СПб.</span>, 1890—1907.</span> <span class="ref-info" title="Рус телендә" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(рус.)</span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">«<a dir="ltr" href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Аш_тоҙо&oldid=1198446">https://ba.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Аш_тоҙо&oldid=1198446</a>» битенән алынған</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Махсус:Категориялар">Категориялар</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Cite_web_(%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C_webcitation-%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B2:_deadlink_no)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Категория:Википедия:Cite web (заменить webcitation-архив: deadlink no) (был бит юҡ)">Википедия:Cite web (заменить webcitation-архив: deadlink no)</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Cite_web_(%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C_webcitation-%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B2:_deadlink_yes)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Категория:Википедия:Cite web (заменить webcitation-архив: deadlink yes) (был бит юҡ)">Википедия:Cite web (заменить webcitation-архив: deadlink yes)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80" title="Категория:Тәмләткестәр">Тәмләткестәр</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Йәшерелгән категориялар: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Cite_web_(%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Категория:Википедия:Cite web (не указан язык)">Википедия:Cite web (не указан язык)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D2%BB%D2%AF%D2%99%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BA%D3%99_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D3%99%D2%A1%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Категория:Викиһүҙлеккә һылтанмаһы булған мәҡәләләр">Викиһүҙлеккә һылтанмаһы булған мәҡәләләр</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80:%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%A1%D1%8B_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Категория:Ҡалыптар:Тышҡы һылтанмалар">Ҡалыптар:Тышҡы һылтанмалар</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D3%99%D2%A1%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D2%BB%D0%B0%D2%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81%D2%A1%D0%B0_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Категория:Википедия:Тура мәҡәләлә булған Викиһаҡлағысҡа һылтанма">Википедия:Тура мәҡәләлә булған Викиһаҡлағысҡа һылтанма</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Был бит һуңғы тапҡыр 12:07 4 декабрь 2022 үҙгәртелгән.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Текст <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> буйынса рөхсәт ителгән; 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