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<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <title>Multilingual lexicon for GeneWeb - GeneWeb</title> <script>document.documentElement.className="client-js";RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":!1,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"4da764ea273873c8d45842e0","wgCSPNonce":!1,"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":!1,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"lexicon","wgTitle":"lexicon","wgCurRevisionId":4179,"wgRevisionId":4179,"wgArticleId":257,"wgIsArticle":!0,"wgIsRedirect":!1,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Manual"],"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"lexicon","wgRelevantArticleId":257,"wgIsProbablyEditable":!1,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":!1,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en" },"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":!1};RLSTATE={"site.styles":"ready","noscript":"ready","user.styles":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.styles.legacy":"ready","mediawiki.toc.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["site","mediawiki.page.startup","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.legacy.js","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.implement("user.options@1hzgi",function($,jQuery,require,module){/*@nomin*/mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); 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border-collapse:collapse; clear:both; font-size:85%; margin: 0.5em"> <tbody><tr style="background:#EEF3E2"> <th class="mbox-image" style="white-space:nowrap; padding:4px 2px; border-right :1px solid #aaa"><a href="/wiki/File:150px-Geographylogo_svg.png" class="image"><img alt="150px-Geographylogo svg.png" src="https://download.tuxfamily.org/geneweb/wiki/images/thumb/8/8a/150px-Geographylogo_svg.png/25px-150px-Geographylogo_svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" srcset="https://download.tuxfamily.org/geneweb/wiki/images/thumb/8/8a/150px-Geographylogo_svg.png/38px-150px-Geographylogo_svg.png 1.5x, https://download.tuxfamily.org/geneweb/wiki/images/thumb/8/8a/150px-Geographylogo_svg.png/50px-150px-Geographylogo_svg.png 2x" /></a> <b><a href="/wiki/GeneWeb:Language_policy" title="GeneWeb:Language policy">Language:</a></b> </th> <td class="mbox-text" style="background:#F6F9ED;"> <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">English</a></b> • <bdi lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/lexicon/fr" title="lexicon/fr">français</a></bdi><span class="autonym"></span><span class="autonym"></span></td> </tr></tbody></table> <div style="float:right; padding: 0 0 0 1em; clear: right;"><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Language_codes"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Language codes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Description_of_the_lexicon"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Description of the lexicon</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Direct_translation"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Direct translation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Multiple_translations"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Multiple translations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Translation_with_substitution"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Translation with substitution</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Declension"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Declension</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Vowels_and_apostrophe"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Vowels and apostrophe</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Html"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Html</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Using_the_lexicon"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Using the lexicon</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Extension_of_lexicon"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Extension of lexicon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div><p>GeneWeb performs text translations according to rules contained in a file called <code><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://github.com/geneweb/geneweb/blob/master/hd/lang/lex-utf8.txt">lex-utf8.txt</a></code> and <code><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://github.com/geneweb/geneweb/blob/master/hd/lang/start_utf8.txt">start_utf8.txt</a></code> in the folder <code>gw/lang</code> of your installation. The second file contains text specific to the welcome page. </p><p>Version 7 of GeneWeb has reverted to the initial <code><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://github.com/geneweb/geneweb/blob/master/hd/lang/lexicon.txt">lexicon.txt</a></code> naming. </p><p>These files are encoded according to <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8">UTF-8</a>, and it is important to maintain this encoding if you decide to edit their content. </p><p>GeneWeb versions 5 and before were using the file <code><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://github.com/geneweb/geneweb/blob/master/hd/lang/lexicon.txt">lexicon.txt</a></code> encoded in <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8859-1">Latin-1</a>. </p><p>Goodwill to expand GeneWeb translations capabilities is welcome!! See the <a href="/wiki/contribute" title="contribute">contribute</a> page. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Language_codes">Language codes</span></h2> <p>The language of the user interface of GeneWeb is selectable from the welcome page, or can be changed at any time by adding the <code>lang=xx</code> text in the URL, where <code>xx</code> is the two letter code (<a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_codes_ISO_639-1">ISO 639-1</a>) of the language of your choice. </p> <pre>af=Afrikaans ar=Arabic bg=Bulgarian br=Breton ca=Catalan co=Corsican cs=Czech da=Danish de=German en=English eo=Esperanto es=Spanish et=Estonian fi=Finnish fr=French he=Hebrew is=Icelandic it=Italian lt=Lithuanian lv=Latvian nl=Dutch no=Norwegian oc=Occitan pl=Polish pt=Portuguese pt-br=Brazilian-Portuguese ro=Romanian ru=Russian sk=Slovak sl=Slovenian sv=Swedish tr=Turkish zh=Chinese </pre> <p>Note that if the command <code>lang=</code> appears multiple times in the URL, only the first one will be taken into account. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Description_of_the_lexicon">Description of the lexicon</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Direct_translation">Direct translation</span></h3> <p>The lexicon is a text file which defined translation in several languages (hopefully all the ones supported by GeneWeb, but not necessarily) for terms that appear at the head of each translation item. </p> <pre> item l1: item translated in language 1 l2: item translated in language 2 item 2 l1: item 2 translated in language 1 ... </pre> <p>The item translation for each language is proposed on a single line, one per language as designated by its two letter code. </p><p>Some languages offer multiple translations for a single item: </p> <pre> (french revolution month) fr: vendémiaire/brumaire/frimaire/nivôse/pluviôse/ventôse/germinal/floréal/prairial/messidor/thermidor/fructidor/complémentaire son/daughter/child fr: fils/fille/enfant </pre> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Multiple_translations">Multiple translations</span></h3> <p>Several translation items may appear between brackets, separated by two colons as in <code>[$add::parents]</code>. In this case, the terms <code>add</code> and <code>parents</code> have each their own entry in the lexicon. </p><p>Some languages (german for instance) invert the verb and the object. In this case, adding "+before" at the end of the definition of the first string will trigger this inversion: </p> <pre> add de: hinzufügen +before fr: ajouter </pre> <p><code>[*add::parents]</code> will translate in french as <code>Ajouter parents</code> and in german as <code>Eltern hinzufügen</code>. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Translation_with_substitution">Translation with substitution</span></h3> <p>The items may contain variables as in: </p> <pre> %d years ago fr: il y a %d ans </pre> <p>The strings to be substituted are separated from the main string by a sequence of three colons, a single colon separating substitution strings from each other. </p> <pre>[living between %s and %s:::xxx:yyy] </pre> <p>will be transformed into </p> <pre>living between xxx and yyy </pre> <p><br /> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Declension">Declension</span></h3> <p>GeneWeb is also capable of handling <a href="/wiki/Declension/fr" class="mw-redirect" title="Declension/fr">declensions</a> as in: </p> <pre> parents eo: gepatroj:a:+n pl: rodzice:a:-ów </pre> <p><br /> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Vowels_and_apostrophe">Vowels and apostrophe</span></h3> <p>Some languages require some adaptation when a word begins by a vowel. For instance, one says in french: "au baptème" but "à l'inhumation. To cater for these cases, groups of letters between square brackets, separated by a vertical bar are selected depending on the presence of a vowel at the beginning of the following word. </p> <pre> to %1 en: to %1 fr: [au |à l']%1 %1 of %2 en: %1 of %2 fr: %1 d[e |’]%2 </pre> <p>Note : previous versions of GeneWeb handle a single character substitution: <code>fr: %1 d[e’]%2</code>, the space necessary after the "de" being added by the system. Implementation of the better solution described above is underway. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Html">Html</span></h3> <p>Translations may contain basic HTML code for text formatting. This may be necessary for high quality typography of cardinal numbering: (n<sup>ième</sup>/1<sup>er</sup>/2<sup>e</sup>/3<sup>e</sup>/4<sup>e</sup>/…): </p> <pre> nth fr: n<sup>ième</sup>/1<sup>er</sup>/2<sup>e</sup>/3<sup>e</sup>/4<sup>e</sup>/… </pre> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Using_the_lexicon">Using the lexicon</span></h2> <p>To ask for a translation, it is sufficient to include the item between brackets: <code>[item]</code>. It will be translated into the current language. If the translation is not available, the bracketed form will appear instead. </p><p>It is possible to "upper case" the first letter (GeneWeb will determine if this is appropriate according to the position in the sentence) by putting a <code>*</code> after the opening bracket. For instance, in french, <code>[*3rd cousins]</code> will translate into <code>Cousins issus d’issus de germains</code> </p><p>To obtain the nth element of a list, add a number after the closing backet, starting at "0". For instance, the french republican month (0 to 12) will display (with <code>lang=fr</code>) in the following fashion: </p> <ul><li><code>[(french revolution month)]2</code> translate into <code>frimaire</code>.</li> <li><code>[*(french revolution month)]12</code> translate into <code>Complémentaire</code>.</li> <li><code>[(french revolution month)]13</code> and <code>[(french revolution month)]0</code> translate into <code>vendémiaire</code>: If the index exceeds the limit, the first element is selected.</li></ul> <p>This number based feature is extended to cover several specific cases relative to the sex and number of families and children: </p> <ul><li><code>[family/families]f</code> or <code>[family/families]nb_families</code> will select according to the value of <code>nb_families</code></li> <li><code>[child/children]c</code> or <code>[child/children]nb_children</code> will select according to the value of <code>nb_children</code></li> <li><code>[son/daughter/child]s</code> will select according to the sex of the child</li> <li><code>[man/woman/unknown]n</code> or <code>[man/woman/unknown]sex</code> will select according to the sex of the person</li> <li><code>[witness/witnesses]w</code> will select according to the number of witnesses of an event.</li> <li><code>[zero/one/two/three/four]x</code> will select according to the value of <code>count</code></li></ul> <p>Note: the one character variant is currently the only one available (WIP). </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Extension_of_lexicon">Extension of lexicon</span></h2> <p>When developing his own templates, a user may want to extend the available lexicon. Such an extension is provided through a file following the same syntax as above, and is supplied to GeneWeb with the parameter <code>-add_lexicon</code> at the launch of <a href="/wiki/gwd" title="gwd">gwd</a>. The supplemental lexicon must be placed in one of the <code>lang</code> folder (<code>bases/lang</code> or <code>gw/lang</code>) </p> <pre>-add_lexicon supplementary_lexicon.txt </pre> <p>Upcoming version 7.1 of GeneWeb proposes a new organisation for ressources files (templates and lexicons). Lexicons are places in <code>plugins/v7/assets/lex</code>, and all the files in this folder are added to the lexicon. </p><p><br /> </p> <p><br /></p><div style="margin:0 auto 1em; clear:both; width:90%; background-color:#f7f9ff; border:1px solid #8888aa; padding:3px;"> <p><big><b>GeneWeb Manual</b></big> </p> <div class="floatright"><a href="/wiki/File:Rembrandt_Old_Man_Reading_a_Book.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Rembrandt Old Man Reading a Book.jpg" src="https://download.tuxfamily.org/geneweb/wiki/images/thumb/a/ae/Rembrandt_Old_Man_Reading_a_Book.jpg/210px-Rembrandt_Old_Man_Reading_a_Book.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="293" srcset="https://download.tuxfamily.org/geneweb/wiki/images/thumb/a/ae/Rembrandt_Old_Man_Reading_a_Book.jpg/315px-Rembrandt_Old_Man_Reading_a_Book.jpg 1.5x, https://download.tuxfamily.org/geneweb/wiki/images/thumb/a/ae/Rembrandt_Old_Man_Reading_a_Book.jpg/420px-Rembrandt_Old_Man_Reading_a_Book.jpg 2x" /></a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Download" class="mw-redirect" title="Download">Download</a> and install GeneWeb program under <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">GNU/Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/OSX" title="OSX">Mac OS X</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows" title="Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>; on Mac OS X, Linux or Windows <a href="/wiki/Docker" title="Docker">using Docker</a>; or in <a href="/wiki/CGI" title="CGI">CGI mode behind a web server</a>.</li> <li>Understand <a href="/wiki/gwd" title="gwd">GeneWeb server</a>, <a href="/wiki/namesake" title="namesake">homonym</a>, <a href="/wiki/consang" title="consang">consanguinity</a>.</li></ul> <p><b>Use and manage genealogical databases</b> </p> <ul><li>Import Gedcom <code>.ged</code> or <a href="/wiki/GWformat" class="mw-redirect" title="GWformat">GeneWeb <code>.gw</code></a> files with <a href="/wiki/gwsetup" title="gwsetup">gwsetup</a> or in <a href="/wiki/man" title="man">command-line</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Update" class="mw-redirect" title="Update">Update datas</a> (add/remove individuals and families), <a href="/wiki/Fusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Fusion">merge duplicates</a>, type <a href="/wiki/date" title="date">dates</a>.</li> <li>Use <a href="/wiki/wikitext" title="wikitext">wikitext syntax</a>, <a href="/wiki/macros" title="macros">macros</a>, <a href="/wiki/shortcuts" title="shortcuts">keyboard shortcuts</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean" class="mw-redirect" title="Clean">Clean</a>, <a href="/wiki/recover" title="recover">recover</a>, <a href="/wiki/rename" title="rename">rename</a>, <a href="/wiki/save" title="save">save</a>, <a href="/wiki/archive" title="archive">archive</a> a database.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merge" class="mw-redirect" title="Merge">Merge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Divide" class="mw-redirect" title="Divide">split</a> multiples databases.</li></ul> <p><b>Technical annex</b> </p> <ul><li>Personalize <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a>, <a href="/wiki/header/fr" title="header/fr">header and trailer</a>, <a href="/wiki/templates" title="templates">templates</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">lexicon</a> and <a href="/wiki/declension" title="declension">declension</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/configuration" title="configuration">Configuration file <code>.gwf</code></a> (for <a href="/wiki/templm" title="templm">templm</a>), <a href="/wiki/wiznotes" title="wiznotes">wizard notes</a>, <a href="/wiki/password" title="password">passwords for friends/wizards</a> and <a href="/wiki/access" title="access">access restrictions</a> to databases.</li> <li>Add <a href="/wiki/image" title="image">images</a> in notes, further remarks for <a href="/wiki/expert" title="expert">experts</a>.</li></ul> </div>    </div></div><div class="printfooter">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://geneweb.tuxfamily.org/w/index.php?title=lexicon&oldid=4179">https://geneweb.tuxfamily.org/w/index.php?title=lexicon&oldid=4179</a>"</div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Manual" title="Category:Manual">Manual</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Navigation menu</h2> <div id="mw-head">  <nav id="p-personal" class="vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-personal-label"> <span>Personal tools</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="pt-createaccount"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=lexicon" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory">Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=lexicon" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o">Log in</a></li></ul> </div> </nav> <div id="left-navigation">  <nav id="p-namespaces" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-namespaces-label"> <span>Namespaces</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected"><a href="/wiki/lexicon" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Page</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:lexicon&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page (page does not exist) [t]" accesskey="t">Discussion</a></li></ul> </div> </nav>  <nav id="p-variants" class="vector-menu-empty emptyPortlet vector-menu vector-menu-dropdown vectorMenu" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" role="navigation" > <input type="checkbox" class="vector-menu-checkbox vectorMenuCheckbox" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" /> <h3 id="p-variants-label"> <span>Variants</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="menu vector-menu-content-list"></ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation">  <nav id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-views-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-views-label"> <span>Views</span> </h3>  <div class="body vector-menu-content">  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="ca-view" class="collapsible selected"><a href="/wiki/lexicon">Read</a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="collapsible"><a href="/w/index.php?title=lexicon&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
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