Viral Infections - Infectious Diseases

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Unlike bacteria, viruses cannot survive without a host. They can infect various organisms, including humans, animals, and plants.</div><div><a href="https://infect.blog/knowledgebase/how-do-viruses-spread" title="How Do Viruses Spread?"><h3>How Do Viruses Spread?</h3></a>Viruses can spread through several routes, including <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/airborne-transmission" title="airborne transmission" target="_blank">airborne transmission</a> (e.g., influenza), <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/direct-contact" title="direct contact" target="_blank">direct contact</a> (e.g., herpes), and <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/vector-borne-transmission" title="vector-borne transmission" target="_blank">vector-borne transmission</a> (e.g., dengue fever). Additionally, some viruses spread through contaminated food or water (e.g., hepatitis A).</div><div><h3>Common Symptoms of Viral Infections</h3>The symptoms of viral infections vary widely depending on the virus. Common symptoms include <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/fever" title="fever" target="_blank">fever</a>, <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/fatigue" title="fatigue" target="_blank">fatigue</a>, <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/muscle-aches" title="muscle aches" target="_blank">muscle aches</a>, and <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/respiratory-symptoms" title="respiratory symptoms" target="_blank">respiratory symptoms</a> like cough and runny nose.</div><div><h3>Diagnosis of Viral Infections</h3>Diagnosing viral infections often requires specialized tests, such as <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/pcr-tests" title="PCR tests" target="_blank">PCR tests</a> to detect viral genetic material, or <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/serological-tests" title="serological tests" target="_blank">serological tests</a> to detect antibodies. Clinical evaluation and patient history also play crucial roles in diagnosis.</div><div><h3>Prevention and Control</h3>Preventing viral infections involves several strategies, including <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/vaccination" title="vaccination" target="_blank">vaccination</a>, good hygiene practices, and vector control measures. Vaccines have been highly effective in controlling diseases like <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/measles" title="measles" target="_blank">measles</a> and <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/polio" title="polio" target="_blank">polio</a>.</div><div><h3>Treatment Options</h3>Treatment for viral infections varies. Some infections, like the common cold, require symptomatic treatment. Others, such as <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/hiv/aids" title="HIV/AIDS" target="_blank">HIV/AIDS</a>, require <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/antiviral-medications" title="antiviral medications" target="_blank">antiviral medications</a>. The use of <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/antibiotics" title="antibiotics" target="_blank">antibiotics</a> is ineffective against viruses and should be avoided.</div><div><h3>Emerging Viral Threats</h3>Emerging viral threats, such as <a href="https://infect.blog/about/index/covid-19" title="COVID-19" target="_blank">COVID-19</a>, highlight the ongoing need for vigilance and research in the field of infectious diseases. Global surveillance and rapid response systems are essential to mitigate the impact of new viral outbreaks.</div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3>Understanding viral infections is crucial for effective prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Ongoing research, public health measures, and advancements in medical science are key to combating these infectious diseases and protecting global health.</div></div> </div> <div id="recent_papers"> <br><hr /><br><h2 class="heading1">Relevant Publications</h2> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38946063" target='_blank' title="14-3-3 Family of Proteins: Biological Implications, Molecular Interactions, and Potential Intervention in Cancer, Virus and Neurodegeneration Disorders.">14-3-3 Family of Proteins: Biological Implications, Molecular Interactions, and Potential Intervention in Cancer, Virus and Neurodegeneration Disorders.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38945310" target='_blank' title="Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system by AAV as vectors for gene therapy.">Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system by AAV as vectors for gene therapy.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38943241" target='_blank' title="A 67-Year-Old Man with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) on Maintenance Therapy with Ibrutinib with Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Infection Unresponsive to Antiviral Treatments.">A 67-Year-Old Man with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) on Maintenance Therapy with Ibrutinib with Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Infection Unresponsive to Antiviral Treatments.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38944159" target='_blank' title="CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing of the thymidine kinase gene in a clinical HSV-1 isolate identifies F289S as novel acyclovir-resistant mutation.">CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing of the thymidine kinase gene in a clinical HSV-1 isolate identifies F289S as novel acyclovir-resistant mutation.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38953354" target='_blank' title="Brincidofovir inhibits polyomavirus infection .">Brincidofovir inhibits polyomavirus infection .</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38954484" target='_blank' title="BRD7 as key factor in PBAF complex assembly and CD8+ T cell differentiation.">BRD7 as key factor in PBAF complex assembly and CD8+ T cell differentiation.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38943048" target='_blank' title="Seasonal distribution and upsurge of respiratory viruses among indigenous tribes with ILI and SARI in a far-flung Car Nicobar Island.">Seasonal distribution and upsurge of respiratory viruses among indigenous tribes with ILI and SARI in a far-flung Car Nicobar Island.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38944154" target='_blank' title="Cyclophosphamide and thiotepa increases risk of transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy.">Cyclophosphamide and thiotepa increases risk of transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38633800" target='_blank' title="Serotype-Specific Epidemiological Patterns of Inapparent versus Symptomatic Primary Dengue Virus Infections: A 17-year cohort study in Nicaragua.">Serotype-Specific Epidemiological Patterns of Inapparent versus Symptomatic Primary Dengue Virus Infections: A 17-year cohort study in Nicaragua.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38955753" target='_blank' title="[Research advances on the mechanism of immune regulation of interferon in infection].">[Research advances on the mechanism of immune regulation of interferon in infection].</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38849372" target='_blank' title="In silico design of peptide inhibitors for Dengue virus to treat Dengue virus-associated infections.">In silico design of peptide inhibitors for Dengue virus to treat Dengue virus-associated infections.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38844490" target='_blank' title="PDZ2-conjugated-PLGA nanoparticles are tiny heroes in the battle against SARS-CoV-2.">PDZ2-conjugated-PLGA nanoparticles are tiny heroes in the battle against SARS-CoV-2.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38848939" target='_blank' title="Probiotics and the reduction of SARS-CoV-2 infection through regulation of host cell calcium dynamics.">Probiotics and the reduction of SARS-CoV-2 infection through regulation of host cell calcium dynamics.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38888776" target='_blank' title="Establishing Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) Airway Culture Models for Infectious Disease Research.">Establishing Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) Airway Culture Models for Infectious Disease Research.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38890496" target='_blank' title="First detection and prevalence of Apis mellifera filamentous virus in Apis mellifera and Varroa destructor in the Republic of Korea.">First detection and prevalence of Apis mellifera filamentous virus in Apis mellifera and Varroa destructor in the Republic of Korea.</a> </div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> 2024</p> </div> <div class='publication-block'> <div style='margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;'> 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