CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="OTMpXKMIh3A5Foga966snT0cmVLF/C99kMJA1u20USXc6QI6r7KOpIAweGrPlLmsAJvrGwHADb+elxykW0D6EA==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Relative strength of the tibia and fibula and locomotor behavior in hominoids" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2007/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Human Evolution" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Damiano Marchi" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/81390439/Relative_strength_of_the_tibia_and_fibula_and_locomotor_behavior_in_hominoids" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Relative strength of the tibia and fibula and locomotor behavior in hominoids" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers." /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s200_damiano.marchi.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/81390439/Relative_strength_of_the_tibia_and_fibula_and_locomotor_behavior_in_hominoids" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Relative strength of the tibia and fibula and locomotor behavior in hominoids" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Relative strength of the tibia and fibula and locomotor behavior in hominoids" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi" /> <meta name="description" content="Relative strength of the tibia and fibula and locomotor behavior in hominoids" /> <title>(PDF) Relative strength of the tibia and fibula and locomotor behavior in hominoids | Damiano Marchi - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/81390439/Relative_strength_of_the_tibia_and_fibula_and_locomotor_behavior_in_hominoids" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'd0d4cf753dac7d44fa55ec8140bebbf4477d3bc9'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1733261508000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1733261508000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Damiano Marchi"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2022-06-13","dateModified":"2024-11-26","datePublished":"2007-01-01","headline":"Relative strength of the tibia and fibula and locomotor behavior in hominoids","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87449463/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Evolutionary Biology","Archaeology","Anthropology","Human Evolution","Locomotion","Lower Extremity Biomechanics","Humans","Fibula","Tibia Structure","Tibia","Female","Animals","Male","Arboreality Vs Terrestriality","Fibula structure","Tibia Fibula Biomechanics","Cross Section","Hominidae","Biomechanical Phenomena","Mechanical Loading"],"publication":"Journal of Human Evolution","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"Elsevier BV"},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"unipi"}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/87449463/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/81390439/Relative_strength_of_the_tibia_and_fibula_and_locomotor_behavior_in_hominoids"}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-73590134e40cdb49f9abdc8e796cc00dc362693f3f0f6137d6cf9bb78c318ce7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> </head> <body> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class="js-upgrade-ie-banner" style="display: none; text-align: center; padding: 8px 0; background-color: #ebe480;"><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 4px;">Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0;">To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.querySelector('.js-upgrade-ie-banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "bf1ccaf8b2c8e4ab61d8090450158b05611aab8915d2cdac586b3c3e310b0ac0", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="0aCB3g0l0dBvr3B0G9X/Yl/7pXExuhzulMceUi9F1js0eqq4AZ/YBNaJgAQj7+pTYnzXOPWGPiyakkIgmbF9Dg==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/81390439/Relative_strength_of_the_tibia_and_fibula_and_locomotor_behavior_in_hominoids" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="3bLCJaZQjBBGLpt3M5umpEs/U8BRR5ruZJGqWk8VZI04aOlDquqFxP8IawcLobOVdrghiZV7uCxqxPYo+eHPuA==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><input class="btn btn-primary btn-block g-recaptcha js-password-reset-submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" type="submit" value="Email me a link" /></form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script> <div class="header--container" id="main-header-container"><div class="header--inner-container header--inner-container-ds2"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper-inner"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="hide-on-desktop-redesign" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hide-on-mobile-redesign" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a><div class="header--search-container header--search-container-ds2"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form select2-no-default-pills" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><svg style="width: 14px; height: 14px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="search" class="header--search-icon svg-inline--fa fa-search fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z"></path></svg><input class="header--search-input header--search-input-ds2 js-SiteSearch-form-input" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" /></form></div></div></div><nav class="header--nav-buttons header--nav-buttons-ds2 js-main-nav"><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-header-login-url header-button-ds2 header-login-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary header-button-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a><button class="header--hamburger-button header--hamburger-button-ds2 hide-on-desktop-redesign js-header-hamburger-button"><div class="icon-bar"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div></button></nav></div><ul class="header--dropdown-container js-header-dropdown"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-expand-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">more<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-down" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-down fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z"></path></svg></button></li><li><ul class="header--expanded-dropdown-container"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg>We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg>Help Center</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-collapse-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">less<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-up" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-up fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></button></li></ul></li></ul></div> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/fast_loswp-bundle-97865a4b41eebf6819eddc4c76d29598fe6b0336be57e9b6cde63060c39bfa02.js" defer="defer"></script><script>window.loswp = {}; window.loswp.author = 125165; window.loswp.bulkDownloadFilterCounts = {}; window.loswp.hasDownloadableAttachment = true; window.loswp.hasViewableAttachments = true; // TODO: just use routes for this window.loswp.loginUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F81390439%2FRelative_strength_of_the_tibia_and_fibula_and_locomotor_behavior_in_hominoids%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F81390439%2FRelative_strength_of_the_tibia_and_fibula_and_locomotor_behavior_in_hominoids%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":87449463,"identifier":"Attachment_87449463","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":81390439,"created_at":"2022-06-13T07:11:34.120-07:00","from_world_paper_id":208215526,"updated_at":"2024-11-26T03:56:45.046-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","grobid_abstract":"The fibula has rarely been considered in comparative morphological studies, probably due to its relatively minor role in carrying mechanical loads. However, some differences in morphology (and inferred function) of the fibula between humans and apes, and within apes, have been noted and related to differences in positional behavior. Therefore, the study of tibiofibular relations may be useful in characterizing such differences. This study examines cross-sectional geometric (CSG) properties (cortical area and polar section modulus, Z p) of the tibia and fibula at mid-diaphysis across a sample (n ¼ 87) of humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and gibbons. The fibula is compared against the tibia in the different taxa. The results indicate that the robusticity of the fibula relative to that of the tibia can be explained in terms of differences in positional behavior. In particular, hominoids that are more arboreal (i.e., gibbons, orangutans, and chimpanzees) possess a relatively more robust fibula than do hominoids that are more terrestrial (i.e., gorillas and humans). The difference appears to be a consequence of the more mobile fibula and more adducted position of the hindlimb necessary in an arboreal environment. Apart from providing the first CSG data on the fibula, these results may be helpful in reconstructing the locomotor behavior of fossil hominoids.","publication_date":"2007,,","publication_name":"Journal of Human Evolution","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"87449463"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Relative strength of the tibia and fibula and locomotor behavior in hominoids","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [125165]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":87449463,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Relative strength of the tibia and fibula and locomotor behavior in hominoids”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/87449463/mini_magick20220613-4527-16mg95i.png?1655129642" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Relative strength of the tibia and fibula and locomotor behavior in hominoids</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi"><img alt="Profile image of Damiano Marchi" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/125165/33442/693026/s65_damiano.marchi.jpg" />Damiano Marchi</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2007, Journal of Human Evolution</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":87449463,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/81390439/Relative_strength_of_the_tibia_and_fibula_and_locomotor_behavior_in_hominoids"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":87449463,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/81390439/Relative_strength_of_the_tibia_and_fibula_and_locomotor_behavior_in_hominoids"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="87449463" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/81390439/Relative_strength_of_the_tibia_and_fibula_and_locomotor_behavior_in_hominoids" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="10643220" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10643220/Variation_in_tibia_and_fibula_diaphyseal_strength_and_its_relationship_with_arboreal_and_terrestrial_locomotion_extending_the_investigation_to_non_hominoid_primates">Variation in tibia and fibula diaphyseal strength and its relationship with arboreal and terrestrial locomotion: extending the investigation to non-hominoid primates</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The reason for investigating the relative (to the tibia) fibular diaphyseal strength follows the observation that the non-human primate fibula is more mobile, and therefore probably subjected to greater load, than the human fibula (Barnett & Napier, 1953). Hominoid and non-hominoid primates are also characterized by more mobile ankles and feet (increase in dorsiflexion/plantarflexion and inversion/eversion) than humans, a consequence of their arboreal behaviour (see Marchi, 2007).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Variation in tibia and fibula diaphyseal strength and its relationship with arboreal and terrestrial locomotion: extending the investigation to non-hominoid primates","attachmentId":36572721,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10643220/Variation_in_tibia_and_fibula_diaphyseal_strength_and_its_relationship_with_arboreal_and_terrestrial_locomotion_extending_the_investigation_to_non_hominoid_primates","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10643220/Variation_in_tibia_and_fibula_diaphyseal_strength_and_its_relationship_with_arboreal_and_terrestrial_locomotion_extending_the_investigation_to_non_hominoid_primates"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="211791" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/211791/The_cross_sectional_geometry_of_the_hand_and_foot_bones_of_the_Hominoidea_and_its_relationship_to_locomotor_behavior">The cross-sectional geometry of the hand and foot bones of the Hominoidea and its relationship to locomotor behavior</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">"Cheiridia are valuable indicators of positional behavior, as they directly contact the substrate, but systematic comparison of the structural properties of both metacarpals and metatarsals has never been carried out. Differences in locomotor behavior among the great apes (knuckle-walking vs. quadrumanous climbing) can produce biomechanical differences that may be elucidated by the parallel study of cross-sectional characteristics of metacarpals and metatarsals. The aim of this work is to study the cross-sectional geometric properties of these bones and their correlation with locomotor behavior in large-bodied hominoids. The comparisons between bending moments of metacarpals and metatarsals of the same ray furnished interesting results. Metacarpals III and especially IV of the knuckle-walking African apes were relatively stronger than those of humans and orangutans, and metatarsal V of humans was relatively stronger than those of the great apes. Interestingly, the relative robusticity of the metacarpal IV of the quadrumanous orangutan was between that of the African apes and that of humans. The main conclusions of the study are: 1) cross-sectional dimensions of metacarpals and metatarsals are influenced by locomotor modes in great apes and humans; 2) interlimb comparisons of cross-sectional properties of metacarpals and metatarsals are good indicators of locomotor modes in great apes and humans; and 3) the results of this study are in accord with those of previous analyses of plantar pressure and morphofunctional traits of the same bones, and with behavioral studies. These results provide a data base from which it will be possible to compare the morphology of the fossils in order to gain insight into the locomotor repertoires of extinct taxa."</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The cross-sectional geometry of the hand and foot bones of the Hominoidea and its relationship to locomotor behavior","attachmentId":659439,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/211791/The_cross_sectional_geometry_of_the_hand_and_foot_bones_of_the_Hominoidea_and_its_relationship_to_locomotor_behavior","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/211791/The_cross_sectional_geometry_of_the_hand_and_foot_bones_of_the_Hominoidea_and_its_relationship_to_locomotor_behavior"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="1827389" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1827389/Brief_communication_Paleobiological_inferences_on_the_locomotor_repertoire_of_extinct_hominoids_based_on_femoral_neck_cortical_thickness_The_fossil_great_ape_">Brief communication: Paleobiological inferences on the locomotor repertoire of extinct hominoids based on femoral neck cortical thickness: The fossil great ape …</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1155370" href="https://amnh.academia.edu/SergioAlmecija">Sergio Almécija</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Journal of …, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Brief communication: Paleobiological inferences on the locomotor repertoire of extinct hominoids based on femoral neck cortical thickness: The fossil great ape …","attachmentId":25401670,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1827389/Brief_communication_Paleobiological_inferences_on_the_locomotor_repertoire_of_extinct_hominoids_based_on_femoral_neck_cortical_thickness_The_fossil_great_ape_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1827389/Brief_communication_Paleobiological_inferences_on_the_locomotor_repertoire_of_extinct_hominoids_based_on_femoral_neck_cortical_thickness_The_fossil_great_ape_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="1120258" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1120258/Does_Skeletal_Anatomy_Reflect_Adaptation_to_Locomotor_Patterns_Cortical_and_Trabecular_Architecture_in_Human_and_Nonhuman_Anthropoids">Does Skeletal Anatomy Reflect Adaptation to Locomotor Patterns? Cortical and Trabecular Architecture in Human and Nonhuman Anthropoids</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="116376" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/CShaw">Colin Shaw</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Journal of Physical Anthropology</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">"Although the correspondence between habitual activity and diaphyseal cortical bone morphology has been demonstrated for the fore- and hind-limb long bones of primates, the relationship between trabecular bone architecture and locomotor behavior is less certain. If sub-articular trabecular and diaphyseal cortical bone morphology reflects locomotor patterns, this correspondence would be a valuable tool with which to interpret morphological variation in the skeletal and fossil record. To assess this relationship, high-resolution computed tomography images from both the humeral and femoral head and midshaft of 112 individuals from eight anthropoid genera (Alouatta, Homo, Macaca, Pan, Papio, Pongo, Trachypithecus, and Symphalangus) were analyzed. Within-bone (subarticular trabeculae vs. mid-diaphysis), between-bone (forelimb vs. hind limb), and among-taxa relative distributions (femoral:humeral) were compared. Three conclusions are evident: (1) Correlations exists between humeral head sub-articular trabecular bone architecture and mid-humerus diaphyseal bone properties; this was not the case in the femur. (2) In contrast to comparisons of inter-limb diaphyseal bone robusticity, among all species femoral head trabecular bone architecture is significantly more substantial (i.e., higher values for mechanically relevant trabecular bone architectural features) than humeral head trabecular bone architecture. (3) Interspecific comparisons of femoral morphology relative to humeral morphology reveal an osteological ‘‘locomotor signal" indicative of differential use of the forelimb and hind limb within mid-diaphysis cortical bone geometry, but not within sub-articular trabecular bone architecture"</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Does Skeletal Anatomy Reflect Adaptation to Locomotor Patterns? Cortical and Trabecular Architecture in Human and Nonhuman Anthropoids","attachmentId":31316168,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1120258/Does_Skeletal_Anatomy_Reflect_Adaptation_to_Locomotor_Patterns_Cortical_and_Trabecular_Architecture_in_Human_and_Nonhuman_Anthropoids","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1120258/Does_Skeletal_Anatomy_Reflect_Adaptation_to_Locomotor_Patterns_Cortical_and_Trabecular_Architecture_in_Human_and_Nonhuman_Anthropoids"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="117132512" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117132512/Brief_communication_Paleobiological_inferences_on_the_locomotor_repertoire_of_extinct_hominoids_based_on_femoral_neck_cortical_thickness_The_fossil_great_ape_hispanopithecus_laietanus_as_a_test_case_study">Brief communication: Paleobiological inferences on the locomotor repertoire of extinct hominoids based on femoral neck cortical thickness: The fossil great ape hispanopithecus laietanus as a test‐case study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2571355" href="https://icp-cat.academia.edu/DavidAlba">David Alba</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The relationship between femoral neck superior and inferior cortical thickness in primates is related to locomotor behavior. This relationship has been employed to infer bipedalism in fossil hominins, although bipeds share the same pattern of generalized quadrupeds, where the superior cortex is thinner than the inferior one. In contrast, knuckle‐walkers and specialized suspensory taxa display a more homogeneous distribution of cortical bone. These different patterns, probably related to the range of movement at the hip joint and concomitant differences in the load stresses at the femoral neck, are very promising for making locomotor inferences in extinct primates. To evaluate the utility of this feature in the fossil record, we relied on computed tomography applied to the femur of the Late Miocene hominoid Hispanopithecus laietanus as a test‐case study. Both an orthograde body plan and orang‐like suspensory adaptations had been previously documented for this taxon on different anato...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Brief communication: Paleobiological inferences on the locomotor repertoire of extinct hominoids based on femoral neck cortical thickness: The fossil great ape hispanopithecus laietanus as a test‐case study","attachmentId":113069530,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/117132512/Brief_communication_Paleobiological_inferences_on_the_locomotor_repertoire_of_extinct_hominoids_based_on_femoral_neck_cortical_thickness_The_fossil_great_ape_hispanopithecus_laietanus_as_a_test_case_study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/117132512/Brief_communication_Paleobiological_inferences_on_the_locomotor_repertoire_of_extinct_hominoids_based_on_femoral_neck_cortical_thickness_The_fossil_great_ape_hispanopithecus_laietanus_as_a_test_case_study"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="83991587" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/83991587/Evolution_of_femur_and_tibia_in_higher_primates_Adaptive_morphological_patterns_and_phylogenetic_diversity">Evolution of femur and tibia in higher primates: Adaptive morphological patterns and phylogenetic diversity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3484289" href="https://cuni.academia.edu/V%C3%A1clavVan%C4%8Data">Václav Vančata</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Human Evolution, 1991</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evolution of femur and tibia in higher primates: Adaptive morphological patterns and phylogenetic diversity","attachmentId":89161886,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83991587/Evolution_of_femur_and_tibia_in_higher_primates_Adaptive_morphological_patterns_and_phylogenetic_diversity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/83991587/Evolution_of_femur_and_tibia_in_higher_primates_Adaptive_morphological_patterns_and_phylogenetic_diversity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="492124" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/492124/Relative_joint_size_and_hominoid_locomotor_adaptations_with_implications_for_the_evolution_of_hominid_bipedalism">Relative joint size and hominoid locomotor adaptations with implications for the evolution of hominid bipedalism</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="104860" href="https://sbsuny.academia.edu/WilliamJungers">William Jungers</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Human Evolution, 1988</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Relative joint size and hominoid locomotor adaptations with implications for the evolution of hominid bipedalism","attachmentId":51386533,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/492124/Relative_joint_size_and_hominoid_locomotor_adaptations_with_implications_for_the_evolution_of_hominid_bipedalism","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/492124/Relative_joint_size_and_hominoid_locomotor_adaptations_with_implications_for_the_evolution_of_hominid_bipedalism"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="98608198" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/98608198/Talar_trochlear_morphology_may_not_be_a_good_skeletal_indicator_of_locomotor_behavior_in_humans_and_great_apes">Talar trochlear morphology may not be a good skeletal indicator of locomotor behavior in humans and great apes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="20803822" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NaomichiOgihara">Naomichi Ogihara</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Scientific Reports</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">To reconstruct locomotor behaviors of fossil hominins and understand the evolution of bipedal locomotion in the human lineage, it is important to clarify the functional morphology of the talar trochlea in humans and extant great apes. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the interspecific-differences of the talar trochlear morphology among humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans by means of cone frustum approximation to calculate an apical angle and geometric morphometrics for detailed variability in the shape of the talar trochlea. The apical angles in gorillas and orangutans were significantly greater than those in humans and chimpanzees, but no statistical difference was observed between humans and chimpanzees, indicating that the apical angle did not necessarily correspond with the degree of arboreality in hominoids. The geometric morphometrics revealed clear interspecific differences in the trochlear morphology, but no clear association between the morphologi...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Talar trochlear morphology may not be a good skeletal indicator of locomotor behavior in humans and great apes","attachmentId":99912076,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98608198/Talar_trochlear_morphology_may_not_be_a_good_skeletal_indicator_of_locomotor_behavior_in_humans_and_great_apes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/98608198/Talar_trochlear_morphology_may_not_be_a_good_skeletal_indicator_of_locomotor_behavior_in_humans_and_great_apes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="103223381" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/103223381/Ape_femoral_humeral_rigidities_and_arboreal_locomotion">Ape femoral‐humeral rigidities and arboreal locomotion</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5046046" href="https://wits.academia.edu/SafiyyahIqbal">Safiyyah Iqbal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Journal of Biological Anthropology</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ape femoral‐humeral rigidities and arboreal locomotion","attachmentId":103286867,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/103223381/Ape_femoral_humeral_rigidities_and_arboreal_locomotion","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/103223381/Ape_femoral_humeral_rigidities_and_arboreal_locomotion"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="13700209" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13700209/Using_the_morphology_of_the_hominoid_distal_fibula_to_interpret_arboreality_in_Australopithecus_afarensis">Using the morphology of the hominoid distal fibula to interpret arboreality in Australopithecus afarensis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The fibula has rarely been considered in anthropological studies. However differences in morphology - and inferred function - of the fibula between human and non-human apes have been noted in the past and related to differences in locomotor behavior. Recent studies have pointed out the correlation between diaphyseal rigidity of the fibula and tibia and locomotor behavior in living hominids, and its possible application for inferring early hominin locomotor behavior. The problem with the application of the method proposed in these studies is the extreme rarity of associated early hominin fibula and tibia. Additionally, previous studies investigating morphological traits of fibulotalar articular facets to infer the degree of arboreality in fossil australopiths were often qualitative. In the present study, articular measurements of the distal fibula of living great apes and humans (Pongo, Gorilla, Pan and Homo) are quantified and compared to Australopithecus afarensis distal fibulae. Quantitative analysis is carried out for articular areas and breadths of the fibulotalar articular facets, for the angles formed by the fibulotalar articular facets and the longitudinal axis of the fibula, and for the angle between the proximal fibulotalar articular facet and the subcutaneous triangular area. Results show that the fibula of A. afarensis bears some traits consistent with modern terrestrial bipedalism, like a more laterally facing lateral malleolus, in association with more ape-like traits, like the smaller distal fibulotalar articular facet area and the more inferiorly oriented fibulotalar articular facets, consistent with A. afarensis being a terrestrial hominin adapted for some form of arboreality.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Using the morphology of the hominoid distal fibula to interpret arboreality in Australopithecus afarensis","attachmentId":38383261,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13700209/Using_the_morphology_of_the_hominoid_distal_fibula_to_interpret_arboreality_in_Australopithecus_afarensis","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13700209/Using_the_morphology_of_the_hominoid_distal_fibula_to_interpret_arboreality_in_Australopithecus_afarensis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":87449463,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":87449463,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_87449463" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="1158309" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1158309/Arboreal_and_terrestrial_traits_as_revealed_by_the_primate_ankle_joint">Arboreal and terrestrial traits as revealed by the primate ankle joint</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1044810" href="https://naturalis.academia.edu/AlexandravanderGeer">Alexandra A E van der Geer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Annales Geologiques des Pays Helleniques 1e Serie 39, A: 87-98., 2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Arboreal and terrestrial traits as revealed by the primate ankle joint","attachmentId":7111950,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1158309/Arboreal_and_terrestrial_traits_as_revealed_by_the_primate_ankle_joint","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1158309/Arboreal_and_terrestrial_traits_as_revealed_by_the_primate_ankle_joint"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="2194233" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2194233/Forelimb_to_hindlimb_shape_covariance_in_extant_hominoids_and_fossil_hominins">Forelimb to hindlimb shape covariance in extant hominoids and fossil hominins</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1748676" href="https://gvsu.academia.edu/MelissaTallman">Melissa Tallman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Anatomical Record</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Forelimb to hindlimb shape covariance in extant hominoids and fossil hominins","attachmentId":30540515,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2194233/Forelimb_to_hindlimb_shape_covariance_in_extant_hominoids_and_fossil_hominins","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2194233/Forelimb_to_hindlimb_shape_covariance_in_extant_hominoids_and_fossil_hominins"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="122309999" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/122309999/Trabecular_architecture_of_the_distal_femur_in_extant_hominids">Trabecular architecture of the distal femur in extant hominids</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="320424644" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChristopherJDunmore">Christopher J. Dunmore</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="116652087" href="https://eva-mpg.academia.edu/andrealukova">andrea lukova</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Trabecular architecture of the distal femur in extant hominids, 2024</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Trabecular architecture of the distal femur in extant hominids","attachmentId":117002017,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122309999/Trabecular_architecture_of_the_distal_femur_in_extant_hominids","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/122309999/Trabecular_architecture_of_the_distal_femur_in_extant_hominids"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="101033766" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/101033766/Metacarpal_trabecular_architecture_variation_in_the_chimpanzee_Pan_troglodytes_Evidence_for_locomotion_and_tool_use">Metacarpal trabecular architecture variation in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): Evidence for locomotion and tool-use?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25379898" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RichardLazenby">Richard Lazenby</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Metacarpal trabecular architecture variation in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): Evidence for locomotion and tool-use?","attachmentId":101684933,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/101033766/Metacarpal_trabecular_architecture_variation_in_the_chimpanzee_Pan_troglodytes_Evidence_for_locomotion_and_tool_use","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/101033766/Metacarpal_trabecular_architecture_variation_in_the_chimpanzee_Pan_troglodytes_Evidence_for_locomotion_and_tool_use"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="35729151" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35729151/Trabecular_and_cortical_bone_structure_of_the_talus_and_distal_tibia_in_Pan_and_Homo">Trabecular and cortical bone structure of the talus and distal tibia in Pan and Homo</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="203708" href="https://eva-mpg.academia.edu/JeanJacquesHublin">Jean-Jacques Hublin</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Trabecular and cortical bone structure of the talus and distal tibia in Pan and Homo","attachmentId":55603572,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35729151/Trabecular_and_cortical_bone_structure_of_the_talus_and_distal_tibia_in_Pan_and_Homo","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35729151/Trabecular_and_cortical_bone_structure_of_the_talus_and_distal_tibia_in_Pan_and_Homo"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="13208677" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13208677/Evolution_of_postural_diversity_in_primates_as_reflected_by_the_size_and_shape_of_the_medial_tibial_facet_of_the_talus">Evolution of postural diversity in primates as reflected by the size and shape of the medial tibial facet of the talus</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32463730" href="https://duke.academia.edu/GabrielYapuncich">Gabriel Yapuncich</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="171211" href="https://dmu-com.academia.edu/RachelHDunn">Rachel H Dunn</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American journal of physical anthropology, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evolution of postural diversity in primates as reflected by the size and shape of the medial tibial facet of the talus","attachmentId":45589949,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13208677/Evolution_of_postural_diversity_in_primates_as_reflected_by_the_size_and_shape_of_the_medial_tibial_facet_of_the_talus","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13208677/Evolution_of_postural_diversity_in_primates_as_reflected_by_the_size_and_shape_of_the_medial_tibial_facet_of_the_talus"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="359381" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/359381/Trabecular_Bone_Structure_in_the_Humeral_and_Femoral_Heads_of_Anthropoid_Primates">Trabecular Bone Structure in the Humeral and Femoral Heads of Anthropoid Primates</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="116378" href="https://pennstate.academia.edu/TimRyan">Timothy Ryan</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Trabecular Bone Structure in the Humeral and Femoral Heads of Anthropoid Primates","attachmentId":1790722,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/359381/Trabecular_Bone_Structure_in_the_Humeral_and_Femoral_Heads_of_Anthropoid_Primates","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/359381/Trabecular_Bone_Structure_in_the_Humeral_and_Femoral_Heads_of_Anthropoid_Primates"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="4762578" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4762578/The_vertebral_column_of_three_hominoid_species_Homo_sapiens_Pan_troglodytes_and_Hylobates_lar_a_preliminary_shape_analysis">The vertebral column of three hominoid species (Homo sapiens, Pan troglodytes and Hylobates lar): a preliminary shape analysis. </a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="519188" href="https://204.academia.edu/Jos%C3%A9ManueldelaCu%C3%A9tara">Jose Manuel de la Cuetara</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The vertebral column of three hominoid species (Homo sapiens, Pan troglodytes and Hylobates lar): a preliminary shape analysis. ","attachmentId":36421071,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4762578/The_vertebral_column_of_three_hominoid_species_Homo_sapiens_Pan_troglodytes_and_Hylobates_lar_a_preliminary_shape_analysis","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4762578/The_vertebral_column_of_three_hominoid_species_Homo_sapiens_Pan_troglodytes_and_Hylobates_lar_a_preliminary_shape_analysis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="1795451" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1795451/Unique_Suites_of_Trabecular_Bone_Features_Characterize_Locomotor_Behavior_in_Human_and_Non_Human_Anthropoid_Primates">Unique Suites of Trabecular Bone Features Characterize Locomotor Behavior in Human and Non-Human Anthropoid Primates</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="116376" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/CShaw">Colin Shaw</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PLoS One</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Unique Suites of Trabecular Bone Features Characterize Locomotor Behavior in Human and Non-Human Anthropoid Primates","attachmentId":30997229,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1795451/Unique_Suites_of_Trabecular_Bone_Features_Characterize_Locomotor_Behavior_in_Human_and_Non_Human_Anthropoid_Primates","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1795451/Unique_Suites_of_Trabecular_Bone_Features_Characterize_Locomotor_Behavior_in_Human_and_Non_Human_Anthropoid_Primates"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="23568937" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23568937/Conarticular_Congruence_of_the_Hominoid_Subtalar_Joint_Complex_with_Implications_for_Joint_Function_in_Plio_Pleistocene_Hominins">Conarticular Congruence of the Hominoid Subtalar Joint Complex with Implications for Joint Function in Plio-Pleistocene Hominins</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11659872" href="https://wustl.academia.edu/ThomasPrang">Thomas C Prang</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Conarticular Congruence of the Hominoid Subtalar Joint Complex with Implications for Joint Function in Plio-Pleistocene Hominins","attachmentId":43993585,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23568937/Conarticular_Congruence_of_the_Hominoid_Subtalar_Joint_Complex_with_Implications_for_Joint_Function_in_Plio_Pleistocene_Hominins","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23568937/Conarticular_Congruence_of_the_Hominoid_Subtalar_Joint_Complex_with_Implications_for_Joint_Function_in_Plio_Pleistocene_Hominins"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="10" data-entity-id="1561079" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1561079/Morphology_of_the_Distal_Radius_in_Extant_Hominoids_and_Fossil_Hominins_Implications_for_the_Evolution_of_Bipedalism">Morphology of the Distal Radius in Extant Hominoids and Fossil Hominins: Implications for the Evolution of Bipedalism</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1748676" href="https://gvsu.academia.edu/MelissaTallman">Melissa Tallman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Anatomical Record</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Morphology of the Distal Radius in Extant Hominoids and Fossil Hominins: Implications for the Evolution of Bipedalism","attachmentId":13715696,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1561079/Morphology_of_the_Distal_Radius_in_Extant_Hominoids_and_Fossil_Hominins_Implications_for_the_Evolution_of_Bipedalism","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1561079/Morphology_of_the_Distal_Radius_in_Extant_Hominoids_and_Fossil_Hominins_Implications_for_the_Evolution_of_Bipedalism"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="39239938" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39239938/Influences_of_limb_proportions_and_body_size_on_locomotor_kinematics_in_terrestrial_primates_and_fossil_hominins">Influences of limb proportions and body size on locomotor kinematics in terrestrial primates and fossil hominins</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47553608" href="https://illinois.academia.edu/JohnPolk">John Polk</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Human Evolution, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Influences of limb proportions and body size on locomotor kinematics in terrestrial primates and fossil hominins","attachmentId":59371554,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39239938/Influences_of_limb_proportions_and_body_size_on_locomotor_kinematics_in_terrestrial_primates_and_fossil_hominins","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39239938/Influences_of_limb_proportions_and_body_size_on_locomotor_kinematics_in_terrestrial_primates_and_fossil_hominins"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="211789" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/211789/Cross_sectional_geometry_of_the_limb_bones_of_the_Hominoidea_by_biplanar_radiography_and_moulding_techniques">Cross-sectional geometry of the limb bones of the Hominoidea by biplanar radiography and moulding techniques</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cross-sectional geometry of the limb bones of the Hominoidea by biplanar radiography and moulding techniques","attachmentId":659435,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/211789/Cross_sectional_geometry_of_the_limb_bones_of_the_Hominoidea_by_biplanar_radiography_and_moulding_techniques","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/211789/Cross_sectional_geometry_of_the_limb_bones_of_the_Hominoidea_by_biplanar_radiography_and_moulding_techniques"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="13" data-entity-id="22181362" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22181362/A_geometric_morphometric_analysis_of_acetabular_shape_of_the_primate_hip_joint_in_relation_to_locomotor_behaviour">A geometric morphometric analysis of acetabular shape of the primate hip joint in relation to locomotor behaviour</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9251611" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MSanMill%C3%A1n">Marta San Millán</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="28832602" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DANIELTURBON">DANIEL TURBON</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Human Evolution, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A geometric morphometric analysis of acetabular shape of the primate hip joint in relation to locomotor behaviour","attachmentId":42840133,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/22181362/A_geometric_morphometric_analysis_of_acetabular_shape_of_the_primate_hip_joint_in_relation_to_locomotor_behaviour","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/22181362/A_geometric_morphometric_analysis_of_acetabular_shape_of_the_primate_hip_joint_in_relation_to_locomotor_behaviour"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="359378" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/359378/Femoral_Head_Trabecular_Bone_Structure_In_Two_Omomyid_Primates">Femoral Head Trabecular Bone Structure In Two Omomyid Primates</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="116378" href="https://pennstate.academia.edu/TimRyan">Timothy Ryan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of human evolution, 2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Femoral Head Trabecular Bone Structure In Two Omomyid Primates","attachmentId":1790708,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/359378/Femoral_Head_Trabecular_Bone_Structure_In_Two_Omomyid_Primates","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/359378/Femoral_Head_Trabecular_Bone_Structure_In_Two_Omomyid_Primates"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="15" data-entity-id="58199267" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58199267/Shared_Human_Chimpanzee_Pattern_of_Perinatal_Femoral_Shaft_Morphology_and_Its_Implications_for_the_Evolution_of_Hominin_Locomotor_Adaptations">Shared Human-Chimpanzee Pattern of Perinatal Femoral Shaft Morphology and Its Implications for the Evolution of Hominin Locomotor Adaptations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="247257" href="https://uzh.academia.edu/MarciaPoncedeLeon">Marcia S Ponce de Leon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PLoS ONE, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Shared Human-Chimpanzee Pattern of Perinatal Femoral Shaft Morphology and Its Implications for the Evolution of Hominin Locomotor Adaptations","attachmentId":72726153,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/58199267/Shared_Human_Chimpanzee_Pattern_of_Perinatal_Femoral_Shaft_Morphology_and_Its_Implications_for_the_Evolution_of_Hominin_Locomotor_Adaptations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/58199267/Shared_Human_Chimpanzee_Pattern_of_Perinatal_Femoral_Shaft_Morphology_and_Its_Implications_for_the_Evolution_of_Hominin_Locomotor_Adaptations"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="16" data-entity-id="117067154" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117067154/Three_dimensional_geometric_morphometric_analysis_of_the_first_metacarpal_distal_articular_surface_in_humans_great_apes_and_fossil_hominins">Three-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis of the first metacarpal distal articular surface in humans, great apes and fossil hominins</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="125165" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/DamianoMarchi">Damiano Marchi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Human Evolution, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Three-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis of the first metacarpal distal articular surface in humans, great apes and fossil hominins","attachmentId":113024845,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/117067154/Three_dimensional_geometric_morphometric_analysis_of_the_first_metacarpal_distal_articular_surface_in_humans_great_apes_and_fossil_hominins","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/117067154/Three_dimensional_geometric_morphometric_analysis_of_the_first_metacarpal_distal_articular_surface_in_humans_great_apes_and_fossil_hominins"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="17" data-entity-id="50241472" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50241472/Curvature_of_the_forelimb_bones_of_anthropoid_primates_Overall_allometric_patterns_and_specializations_in_suspensory_species">Curvature of the forelimb bones of anthropoid primates: Overall allometric patterns and specializations in suspensory species</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="163820" href="https://brown.academia.edu/SharonSwartz">Sharon M Swartz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 1990</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Curvature of the forelimb bones of anthropoid primates: Overall allometric patterns and specializations in suspensory species","attachmentId":68300969,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50241472/Curvature_of_the_forelimb_bones_of_anthropoid_primates_Overall_allometric_patterns_and_specializations_in_suspensory_species","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50241472/Curvature_of_the_forelimb_bones_of_anthropoid_primates_Overall_allometric_patterns_and_specializations_in_suspensory_species"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="18" data-entity-id="15051038" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15051038/Comparative_forefoot_trabecular_bone_architecture_in_extant_hominids">Comparative forefoot trabecular bone architecture in extant hominids</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34163004" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KetchamR">R. Ketcham</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34070627" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NicoleGriffin5">Nicole Griffin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Human Evolution, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Comparative forefoot trabecular bone architecture in extant hominids","attachmentId":43622466,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15051038/Comparative_forefoot_trabecular_bone_architecture_in_extant_hominids","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15051038/Comparative_forefoot_trabecular_bone_architecture_in_extant_hominids"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="19" data-entity-id="1020056" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1020056/Locomotor_behavior_and_long_bone_morphology_in_individual_free_ranging_chimpanzees">Locomotor behavior and long bone morphology in individual free-ranging chimpanzees</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="293284" href="https://indiana.academia.edu/KHunt">Kevin Hunt</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of human …, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Locomotor behavior and long bone morphology in individual free-ranging chimpanzees","attachmentId":6229702,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1020056/Locomotor_behavior_and_long_bone_morphology_in_individual_free_ranging_chimpanzees","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1020056/Locomotor_behavior_and_long_bone_morphology_in_individual_free_ranging_chimpanzees"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="20" data-entity-id="1880653" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1880653/Lazenby_R_A_Skinner_M_M_Hublin_J_J_and_C_Boesch_2011_Metacarpal_trabecular_architecture_in_the_chimpanzee_Pan_troglodytes_Evidence_for_locomotion_and_tool_use_American_Journal_of_Physical_Anthropology_144_215_225">Lazenby, R.A., Skinner, M.M., Hublin, J.-J. and C. Boesch (2011) Metacarpal trabecular architecture in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): Evidence for locomotion and tool use. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 144:215-225.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="203708" href="https://eva-mpg.academia.edu/JeanJacquesHublin">Jean-Jacques Hublin</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Lazenby, R.A., Skinner, M.M., Hublin, J.-J. and C. Boesch (2011) Metacarpal trabecular architecture in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): Evidence for locomotion and tool use. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 144:215-225.","attachmentId":26557660,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1880653/Lazenby_R_A_Skinner_M_M_Hublin_J_J_and_C_Boesch_2011_Metacarpal_trabecular_architecture_in_the_chimpanzee_Pan_troglodytes_Evidence_for_locomotion_and_tool_use_American_Journal_of_Physical_Anthropology_144_215_225","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1880653/Lazenby_R_A_Skinner_M_M_Hublin_J_J_and_C_Boesch_2011_Metacarpal_trabecular_architecture_in_the_chimpanzee_Pan_troglodytes_Evidence_for_locomotion_and_tool_use_American_Journal_of_Physical_Anthropology_144_215_225"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="21" data-entity-id="50024249" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50024249/Locomotion_and_posture_from_the_common_hominoid_ancestor_to_fully_modern_hominins_with_special_reference_to_the_last_common_panin_hominin_ancestor">Locomotion and posture from the common hominoid ancestor to fully modern hominins, with special reference to the last common panin/hominin ancestor</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="231440" href="https://liverpool.academia.edu/RobinCrompton">Robin Crompton</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Anatomy, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Locomotion and posture from the common hominoid ancestor to fully modern hominins, with special reference to the last common panin/hominin ancestor","attachmentId":68163325,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50024249/Locomotion_and_posture_from_the_common_hominoid_ancestor_to_fully_modern_hominins_with_special_reference_to_the_last_common_panin_hominin_ancestor","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50024249/Locomotion_and_posture_from_the_common_hominoid_ancestor_to_fully_modern_hominins_with_special_reference_to_the_last_common_panin_hominin_ancestor"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related topics</h2><div class="ds-research-interests--pills-container"><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="772" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution">Human Evolution</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="9658" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locomotion">Locomotion</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="18561" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lower_Extremity_Biomechanics">Lower Extremity Biomechanics</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="85893" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fibula">Fibula</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="85895" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Structure">Tibia Structure</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="85903" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia">Tibia</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="168993" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arboreality_Vs_Terrestriality">Arboreality Vs Terrestriality</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="219545" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fibula_structure">Fibula structure</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="219868" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tibia_Fibula_Biomechanics">Tibia Fibula Biomechanics</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="404000" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Section">Cross Section</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="519447" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hominidae">Hominidae</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="1902100" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanical_Phenomena">Biomechanical Phenomena</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="2049637" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Loading">Mechanical Loading</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer--content"><ul class="footer--main-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer--research-interests"><li>Find new research papers in:</li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul><ul class="footer--legal-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div> </body> </html>