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distributed electrons</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Boltzmann distributed electrons"> <meta name="keywords" content="Boltzmann distributed electrons"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Boltzmann distributed electrons"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2313</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Boltzmann distributed electrons</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2313</span> Effects of Charge Fluctuating Positive Dust on Linear Dust-Acoustic Waves </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjit%20Kumar%20Paul">Sanjit Kumar Paul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Mamun"> A. A. Mamun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Amin"> M. R. Amin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Linear propagation of the dust-acoustic wave in a dusty plasma consisting of Boltzmann distributed electrons and ions and mobile charge fluctuating positive dust grains has been investigated by employing the reductive perturbation method. It has been shown that the dust charge fluctuation is a source of dissipation and its responsible for the formation of the dust-acoustic waves in such a dusty plasma. The basic features of such dust-acoustic waves have been identified. It has been proposed to design a new laboratory experiment which will be able to identify the basic features of the dust-acoustic waves predicted in this theoretical investigation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dust%20acoustic%20waves" title="dust acoustic waves">dust acoustic waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dusty%20plasma" title=" dusty plasma"> dusty plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boltzmann%20distributed%20electrons" title=" Boltzmann distributed electrons"> Boltzmann distributed electrons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20fluctuation" title=" charge fluctuation"> charge fluctuation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8380/effects-of-charge-fluctuating-positive-dust-on-linear-dust-acoustic-waves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8380.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">639</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2312</span> Electro-Hydrodynamic Analysis of Low-Pressure DC Glow Discharge by Lattice Boltzmann Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji-Hyok%20Kim">Ji-Hyok Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Il-Gyong%20Paek"> Il-Gyong Paek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong-Jun%20Kim"> Yong-Jun Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We propose a numerical model based on drift-diffusion theory and lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to analyze the electro-hydrodynamic behavior in low-pressure direct current (DC) glow discharge plasmas. We apply the drift-diffusion theory for 4-species and employ the standard lattice Boltzmann model (SLBM) for the electron, the finite difference-lattice Boltzmann model (FD-LBM) for heavy particles, and the finite difference model (FDM) for the electric potential, respectively. Our results are compared with those of other methods, and emphasize the necessity of a two-dimensional analysis for glow discharge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glow%20discharge" title="glow discharge">glow discharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lattice%20Boltzmann%20method" title=" lattice Boltzmann method"> lattice Boltzmann method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20analysis" title=" numerical analysis"> numerical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20simulation" title=" plasma simulation"> plasma simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electro-hydrodynamic" title=" electro-hydrodynamic"> electro-hydrodynamic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177515/electro-hydrodynamic-analysis-of-low-pressure-dc-glow-discharge-by-lattice-boltzmann-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177515.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2311</span> Energy Deposited by Secondary Electrons Generated by Swift Proton Beams through Polymethylmethacrylate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maurizio%20Dapor">Maurizio Dapor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabel%20Abril"> Isabel Abril</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pablo%20de%20Vera"> Pablo de Vera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Garcia-Molina"> Rafael Garcia-Molina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ionization yield of ion tracks in polymers and bio-molecular systems reaches a maximum, known as the Bragg peak, close to the end of the ion trajectories. Along the path of the ions through the materials, many electrons are generated, which produce a cascade of further ionizations and, consequently, a shower of secondary electrons. Among these, very low energy secondary electrons can produce damage in the biomolecules by dissociative electron attachment. This work deals with the calculation of the energy distribution of electrons produced by protons in a sample of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), a material that is used as a phantom for living tissues in hadron therapy. PMMA is also of relevance for microelectronics in CMOS technologies and as a photoresist mask in electron beam lithography. We present a Monte Carlo code that, starting from a realistic description of the energy distribution of the electrons ejected by protons moving through PMMA, simulates the entire cascade of generated secondary electrons. By following in detail the motion of all these electrons, we find the radial distribution of the energy that they deposit in PMMA for several initial proton energies characteristic of the Bragg peak. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo%20method" title="Monte Carlo method">Monte Carlo method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20electrons" title=" secondary electrons"> secondary electrons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energetic%20ions" title=" energetic ions"> energetic ions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion-beam%20cancer%20therapy" title=" ion-beam cancer therapy"> ion-beam cancer therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionization%20cross%20section" title=" ionization cross section"> ionization cross section</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymethylmethacrylate" title=" polymethylmethacrylate"> polymethylmethacrylate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proton%20beams" title=" proton beams"> proton beams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20electrons" title=" secondary electrons"> secondary electrons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radial%20energy%20distribution" title=" radial energy distribution"> radial energy distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48476/energy-deposited-by-secondary-electrons-generated-by-swift-proton-beams-through-polymethylmethacrylate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2310</span> Temperature Calculation for an Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet by Optical Emission Spectroscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Lee">H. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jr."> Jr.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Bo-ot"> L. Bo-ot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Tumlos"> R. Tumlos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Ramos"> H. Ramos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of the study is to be able to calculate excitation and vibrational temperatures of a 2.45 GHz microwave-induced atmospheric pressure plasma jet. The plasma jet utilizes Argon gas as a primary working gas, while Nitrogen is utilized as a shroud gas for protecting the quartz tube from the plasma discharge. Through Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES), various emission spectra were acquired from the plasma discharge. Selected lines from Ar I and N2 I emissions were used for the Boltzmann plot technique. The Boltzmann plots yielded values for the excitation and vibrational temperatures. The various values for the temperatures were plotted against varying parameters such as the gas flow rates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20jet" title="plasma jet">plasma jet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OES" title=" OES"> OES</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boltzmann%20plots" title=" Boltzmann plots"> Boltzmann plots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibrational%20temperatures" title=" vibrational temperatures"> vibrational temperatures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12879/temperature-calculation-for-an-atmospheric-pressure-plasma-jet-by-optical-emission-spectroscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12879.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">713</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2309</span> A Unification and Relativistic Correction for Boltzmann’s Law</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lloyd%20G.%20Allred">Lloyd G. Allred</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The distribution of velocities of particles in plasma is a well understood discipline of plasma physics. Boltzmann’s law and the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution describe the distribution of velocity of a particle in plasma as a function of mass and temperature. Particles with the same mass tend to have the same velocity. By expressing the same law in terms of energy alone, the author obtains a distribution independent of mass. In summary, for particles in plasma, the energies tend to equalize, independent of the masses of the individual particles. For high-energy plasma, the original law predicts velocities greater than the speed of light. If one uses Einstein’s formula for energy (<em>E=mc<sup>2</sup></em>), then a relativistic correction is not required. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cosmology" title="cosmology">cosmology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EMP" title=" EMP"> EMP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20physics" title=" plasma physics"> plasma physics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relativity" title=" relativity"> relativity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84272/a-unification-and-relativistic-correction-for-boltzmanns-law" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84272.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2308</span> Numerical Simulation Using Lattice Boltzmann Technique for Mass Transfer Characteristics in Liquid Jet Ejector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20S.%20Agrawal">K. S. Agrawal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performance of jet ejector was studied in detail by different authors. Several authors have studied mass transfer characteristics like interfacial area, mass transfer coefficients etc. In this paper, we have made an attempt to develop PDE model by considering bubble properties and apply Lattice-Boltzmann technique for PDE model. We may present the results for the interfacial area which we have obtained from our numerical simulation. Later the results are compared with previous work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jet%20ejector" title="jet ejector">jet ejector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20transfer%20characteristics" title=" mass transfer characteristics"> mass transfer characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lattice-Boltzmann%20technique" title=" Lattice-Boltzmann technique"> Lattice-Boltzmann technique</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47050/numerical-simulation-using-lattice-boltzmann-technique-for-mass-transfer-characteristics-in-liquid-jet-ejector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2307</span> Forward Conditional Restricted Boltzmann Machines for the Generation of Music</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johan%20Loeckx">Johan Loeckx</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joeri%20Bultheel"> Joeri Bultheel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, the application of deep learning to music has gained popularity. Its true potential, however, has been largely unexplored. In this paper, a new idea for representing the dynamic behavior of music is proposed. A ”forward” conditional RBM takes into account not only preceding but also future samples during training. Though this may sound controversial at first sight, it will be shown that it makes sense from a musical and neuro-cognitive perspective. The model is applied to reconstruct music based upon the first notes and to improvise in the musical style of a composer. Different to expectations, reconstruction accuracy with respect to a regular CRBM with the same order, was not significantly improved. More research is needed to test the performance on unseen data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title="deep learning">deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=restricted%20boltzmann%20machine" title=" restricted boltzmann machine"> restricted boltzmann machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20generation" title=" music generation"> music generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conditional%20restricted%20boltzmann%20machine%20%28CRBM%29" title=" conditional restricted boltzmann machine (CRBM)"> conditional restricted boltzmann machine (CRBM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19489/forward-conditional-restricted-boltzmann-machines-for-the-generation-of-music" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19489.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">522</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2306</span> Compressible Lattice Boltzmann Method for Turbulent Jet Flow Simulations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Noah">K. Noah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.-S.%20Lien"> F.-S. Lien</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), there are a variety of numerical methods, of which some depend on macroscopic model representatives. These models can be solved by finite-volume, finite-element or finite-difference methods on a microscopic description. However, the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is considered to be a mesoscopic particle method, with its scale lying between the macroscopic and microscopic scales. The LBM works well for solving incompressible flow problems, but certain limitations arise from solving compressible flows, particularly at high Mach numbers. An improved lattice Boltzmann model for compressible flow problems is presented in this research study. A higher-order Taylor series expansion of the Maxwell equilibrium distribution function is used to overcome limitations in LBM when solving high-Mach-number flows. Large eddy simulation (LES) is implemented in LBM to simulate turbulent jet flows. The results have been validated with available experimental data for turbulent compressible free jet flow at subsonic speeds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressible%20lattice%20Boltzmann%20method" title="compressible lattice Boltzmann method">compressible lattice Boltzmann method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20relaxation%20times" title=" multiple relaxation times"> multiple relaxation times</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20eddy%20simulation" title=" large eddy simulation"> large eddy simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20jet%20flows" title=" turbulent jet flows"> turbulent jet flows</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89310/compressible-lattice-boltzmann-method-for-turbulent-jet-flow-simulations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2305</span> Parametric Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Using Lattice Boltzmann Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abir%20Yahya">Abir Yahya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hacen%20Dhahri"> Hacen Dhahri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalifa%20Slimi"> Khalifa Slimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper deals with a numerical simulation of temperature field inside a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) components. The temperature distribution is investigated using a co-flow planar SOFC comprising the air and fuel channel and two-ceramic electrodes, anode and cathode, separated by a dense ceramic electrolyte. The Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is used for the numerical simulation of the physical problem. The effects of inlet temperature, anode thermal conductivity and current density on temperature distribution are discussed. It was found that temperature distribution is very sensitive to the inlet temperature and the current density. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20sources" title="heat sources">heat sources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lattice%20Boltzmann%20method" title=" Lattice Boltzmann method"> Lattice Boltzmann method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20oxide%20fuel%20cell" title=" solid oxide fuel cell"> solid oxide fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71281/parametric-analysis-of-solid-oxide-fuel-cell-using-lattice-boltzmann-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71281.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2304</span> Effect of Pre-Plasma Potential on Laser Ion Acceleration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djemai%20Bara">Djemai Bara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Faouzi%20Mahboub"> Mohamed Faouzi Mahboub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djamila%20Bennaceur-Doumaz"> Djamila Bennaceur-Doumaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, the role of the preformed plasma created on the front face of a target, irradiated by a high intensity short pulse laser, in the framework of ion acceleration process, modeled by Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) mechanism, is studied. This plasma is composed of cold ions governed by fluid equations and non-thermal & trapped with densities represented by a "Cairns-Gurevich" equation. The self-similar solution of the equations shows that electronic trapping and the presence of non-thermal electrons in the pre-plasma are both responsible in ion acceleration as long as the proportion of energetic electrons is not too high. In the case where the majority of electrons are energetic, the electrons are accelerated directly by the ponderomotive force of the laser without the intermediate of an accelerating plasma wave. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cairns-Gurevich%20Equation" title="Cairns-Gurevich Equation">Cairns-Gurevich Equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20acceleration" title=" ion acceleration"> ion acceleration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20expansion" title=" plasma expansion"> plasma expansion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-plasma" title=" pre-plasma"> pre-plasma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105424/effect-of-pre-plasma-potential-on-laser-ion-acceleration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105424.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2303</span> Restricted Boltzmann Machines and Deep Belief Nets for Market Basket Analysis: Statistical Performance and Managerial Implications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Hruschka">H. Hruschka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the first comparison of the performance of the restricted Boltzmann machine and the deep belief net on binary market basket data relative to binary factor analysis and the two best-known topic models, namely Dirichlet allocation and the correlated topic model. This comparison shows that the restricted Boltzmann machine and the deep belief net are superior to both binary factor analysis and topic models. Managerial implications that differ between the investigated models are treated as well. The restricted Boltzmann machine is defined as joint Boltzmann distribution of hidden variables and observed variables (purchases). It comprises one layer of observed variables and one layer of hidden variables. Note that variables of the same layer are not connected. The comparison also includes deep belief nets with three layers. The first layer is a restricted Boltzmann machine based on category purchases. Hidden variables of the first layer are used as input variables by the second-layer restricted Boltzmann machine which then generates second-layer hidden variables. Finally, in the third layer hidden variables are related to purchases. A public data set is analyzed which contains one month of real-world point-of-sale transactions in a typical local grocery outlet. It consists of 9,835 market baskets referring to 169 product categories. This data set is randomly split into two halves. One half is used for estimation, the other serves as holdout data. Each model is evaluated by the log likelihood for the holdout data. Performance of the topic models is disappointing as the holdout log likelihood of the correlated topic model – which is better than Dirichlet allocation - is lower by more than 25,000 compared to the best binary factor analysis model. On the other hand, binary factor analysis on its own is clearly surpassed by both the restricted Boltzmann machine and the deep belief net whose holdout log likelihoods are higher by more than 23,000. Overall, the deep belief net performs best. We also interpret hidden variables discovered by binary factor analysis, the restricted Boltzmann machine and the deep belief net. Hidden variables characterized by the product categories to which they are related differ strongly between these three models. To derive managerial implications we assess the effect of promoting each category on total basket size, i.e., the number of purchased product categories, due to each category's interdependence with all the other categories. The investigated models lead to very different implications as they disagree about which categories are associated with higher basket size increases due to a promotion. Of course, recommendations based on better performing models should be preferred. The impressive performance advantages of the restricted Boltzmann machine and the deep belief net suggest continuing research by appropriate extensions. To include predictors, especially marketing variables such as price, seems to be an obvious next step. It might also be feasible to take a more detailed perspective by considering purchases of brands instead of purchases of product categories. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20factor%20analysis" title="binary factor analysis">binary factor analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20belief%20net" title=" deep belief net"> deep belief net</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market%20basket%20analysis" title=" market basket analysis"> market basket analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=restricted%20Boltzmann%20machine" title=" restricted Boltzmann machine"> restricted Boltzmann machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topic%20models" title=" topic models"> topic models</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84200/restricted-boltzmann-machines-and-deep-belief-nets-for-market-basket-analysis-statistical-performance-and-managerial-implications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2302</span> Hybrid Quasi-Steady Thermal Lattice Boltzmann Model for Studying the Behavior of Oil in Water Emulsions Used in Machining Tool Cooling and Lubrication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Hasan">W. Hasan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Farhat"> H. Farhat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Alhilo"> A. Alhilo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Tamimi"> L. Tamimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oil in water (O/W) emulsions are utilized extensively for cooling and lubricating cutting tools during parts machining. A robust Lattice Boltzmann (LBM) thermal-surfactants model, which provides a useful platform for exploring complex emulsions’ characteristics under variety of flow conditions, is used here for the study of the fluid behavior during conventional tools cooling. The transient thermal capabilities of the model are employed for simulating the effects of the flow conditions of O/W emulsions on the cooling of cutting tools. The model results show that the temperature outcome is slightly affected by reversing the direction of upper plate (workpiece). On the other hand, an important increase in effective viscosity is seen which supports better lubrication during the work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20lattice%20Boltzmann%20method" title="hybrid lattice Boltzmann method">hybrid lattice Boltzmann method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gunstensen%20model" title=" Gunstensen model"> Gunstensen model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal" title=" thermal"> thermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfactant-covered%20droplet" title=" surfactant-covered droplet"> surfactant-covered droplet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marangoni%20stress" title=" Marangoni stress"> Marangoni stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66566/hybrid-quasi-steady-thermal-lattice-boltzmann-model-for-studying-the-behavior-of-oil-in-water-emulsions-used-in-machining-tool-cooling-and-lubrication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66566.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2301</span> The Primitive Code-Level Design Patterns for Distributed Programming</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bing%20Li">Bing Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The primitive code-level design patterns (PDP) are the rudimentary programming elements to develop any distributed systems in the generic distributed programming environment, GreatFree. The PDP works with the primitive distributed application programming interfaces (PDA), the distributed modeling, and the distributed concurrency for scaling-up. They not only hide developers from underlying technical details but also support sufficient adaptability to a variety of distributed computing environments. Programming with them, the simplest distributed system, the lightweight messaging two-node client/server (TNCS) system, is constructed rapidly with straightforward and repeatable behaviors, copy-paste-replace (CPR). As any distributed systems are made up of the simplest ones, those PDAs, as well as the PDP, are generic for distributed programming. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primitive%20APIs" title="primitive APIs">primitive APIs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primitive%20code-level%20design%20patterns" title=" primitive code-level design patterns"> primitive code-level design patterns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generic%20distributed%20programming" title=" generic distributed programming"> generic distributed programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20systems" title=" distributed systems"> distributed systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=highly%20patterned%20development%20environment" title=" highly patterned development environment"> highly patterned development environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=messaging" title=" messaging"> messaging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135687/the-primitive-code-level-design-patterns-for-distributed-programming" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2300</span> Prediction of Finned Projectile Aerodynamics Using a Lattice-Boltzmann Method CFD Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaki%20Abiza">Zaki Abiza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miguel%20Chavez"> Miguel Chavez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20M.%20Holman"> David M. Holman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruddy%20Brionnaud"> Ruddy Brionnaud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the prediction of the aerodynamic behavior of the flow around a Finned Projectile will be validated using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solution, XFlow, based on the Lattice-Boltzmann Method (LBM). XFlow is an innovative CFD software developed by Next Limit Dynamics. It is based on a state-of-the-art Lattice-Boltzmann Method which uses a proprietary particle-based kinetic solver and a LES turbulent model coupled with the generalized law of the wall (WMLES). The Lattice-Boltzmann method discretizes the continuous Boltzmann equation, a transport equation for the particle probability distribution function. From the Boltzmann transport equation, and by means of the Chapman-Enskog expansion, the compressible Navier-Stokes equations can be recovered. However to simulate compressible flows, this method has a Mach number limitation because of the lattice discretization. Thanks to this flexible particle-based approach the traditional meshing process is avoided, the discretization stage is strongly accelerated reducing engineering costs, and computations on complex geometries are affordable in a straightforward way. The projectile that will be used in this work is the Army-Navy Basic Finned Missile (ANF) with a caliber of 0.03 m. The analysis will consist in varying the Mach number from M=0.5 comparing the axial force coefficient, normal force slope coefficient and the pitch moment slope coefficient of the Finned Projectile obtained by XFlow with the experimental data. The slope coefficients will be obtained using finite difference techniques in the linear range of the polar curve. The aim of such an analysis is to find out the limiting Mach number value starting from which the effects of high fluid compressibility (related to transonic flow regime) lead the XFlow simulations to differ from the experimental results. This will allow identifying the critical Mach number which limits the validity of the isothermal formulation of XFlow and beyond which a fully compressible solver implementing a coupled momentum-energy equations would be required. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drag" title=" drag"> drag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finned%20projectile" title=" finned projectile"> finned projectile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lattice-boltzmann%20method" title=" lattice-boltzmann method"> lattice-boltzmann method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LBM" title=" LBM"> LBM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lift" title=" lift"> lift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mach" title=" mach"> mach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pitch" title=" pitch"> pitch</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42078/prediction-of-finned-projectile-aerodynamics-using-a-lattice-boltzmann-method-cfd-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42078.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2299</span> Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer in Laser Irradiated Biological Samplebased on Dual-Phase-Lag Heat Conduction Model Using Lattice Boltzmann Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shashank%20Patidar">Shashank Patidar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumit%20Kumar"> Sumit Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atul%20Srivastava"> Atul Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suneet%20Singh"> Suneet Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Present work is concerned with the numerical investigation of thermal response of biological tissues during laser-based photo-thermal therapy for destroying cancerous/abnormal cells with minimal damage to the surrounding normal cells. Light propagation through the biological sample is mathematically modelled by transient radiative transfer equation. In the present work, application of the Lattice Boltzmann Method is extended to analyze transport of short-pulse radiation in a participating medium.In order to determine the two-dimensional temperature distribution inside the tissue medium, the RTE has been coupled with Penne’s bio-heat transfer equation based on Fourier’s law by several researchers in last few years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lattice%20Boltzmann%20method" title="lattice Boltzmann method">lattice Boltzmann method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20radiation%20transfer%20equation" title=" transient radiation transfer equation"> transient radiation transfer equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20phase%20lag%20model" title=" dual phase lag model "> dual phase lag model </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17369/numerical-investigation-of-heat-transfer-in-laser-irradiated-biological-samplebased-on-dual-phase-lag-heat-conduction-model-using-lattice-boltzmann-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17369.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2298</span> Investigating the Effects of Thermal and Surface Energy on the Two-Dimensional Flow Characteristics of Oil in Water Mixture between Two Parallel Plates: A Lattice Boltzmann Method Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Hasan">W. Hasan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Farhat"> H. Farhat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A hybrid quasi-steady thermal lattice Boltzmann model was used to study the combined effects of temperature and contact angle on the movement of slugs and droplets of oil in water (O/W) system flowing between two parallel plates. The model static contact angle due to the deposition of the O/W droplet on a flat surface with simulated hydrophilic characteristic at different fluid temperatures, matched very well the proposed theoretical calculation. Furthermore, the model was used to simulate the dynamic behavior of droplets and slugs deposited on the domain’s upper and lower surfaces, while subjected to parabolic flow conditions. The model accurately simulated the contact angle hysteresis for the dynamic droplets cases. It was also shown that at elevated temperatures the required power to transport the mixture diminished remarkably. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lattice%20Boltzmann%20method" title="lattice Boltzmann method">lattice Boltzmann method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gunstensen%20model" title=" Gunstensen model"> Gunstensen model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal" title=" thermal"> thermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20angle" title=" contact angle"> contact angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20viscosity%20ratio" title=" high viscosity ratio"> high viscosity ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74061/investigating-the-effects-of-thermal-and-surface-energy-on-the-two-dimensional-flow-characteristics-of-oil-in-water-mixture-between-two-parallel-plates-a-lattice-boltzmann-method-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2297</span> 3D Hybrid Multiphysics Lattice Boltzmann Model for Studying the Flow Behavior of Emulsions in Structured Rectangular Microchannels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luma%20Al-Tamimi">Luma Al-Tamimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Farhat"> Hassan Farhat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wessam%20Hasan"> Wessam Hasan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A three-dimensional (3D) hybrid quasi-steady thermal lattice Boltzmann model is developed to couple the effects of surfactant, temperature, interfacial tension, and contact angle. This 3D model is an extended scheme of a previously introduced two-dimensional (2D) hybrid lattice Boltzmann model. The 3D model is used to study the combined multi-physics effects on emulsion systems flowing in rectangular microchannels with and without confinements, where the suspended phase is made of droplets, plugs, or a mixture of both. The simulation results show that emulsion systems with plugs as the suspended phase are more efficient than with droplets, whereas mixed systems that form large plugs through coalescence have even greater efficiency. The 3D contact angle model generates matching results to those of the 2D model, which were validated with experiments. Furthermore, the effects of various confinements on adhering single drop systems are investigated for delineating their influence on the power required for transporting the suspended phase through the channel. It is shown that the deeper the constriction is, the lower the system efficiency. Increasing the surfactant concentration or fluid temperature in a channel with confinement carries a substantial positive effect on oil droplet transportation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lattice%20Boltzmann%20method" title="lattice Boltzmann method">lattice Boltzmann method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal" title=" thermal"> thermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20angle" title=" contact angle"> contact angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfactants" title=" surfactants"> surfactants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20viscosity%20ratio" title=" high viscosity ratio"> high viscosity ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20media" title=" porous media"> porous media</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143391/3d-hybrid-multiphysics-lattice-boltzmann-model-for-studying-the-flow-behavior-of-emulsions-in-structured-rectangular-microchannels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143391.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2296</span> Radiation Effects and Defects in InAs, InP Compounds and Their Solid Solutions InPxAs1-x</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Kekelidze">N. Kekelidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Kvirkvelia"> B. Kvirkvelia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Khutsishvili"> E. Khutsishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Qamushadze"> T. Qamushadze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Kekelidze"> D. Kekelidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Kobaidze"> R. Kobaidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Chubinishvili"> Z. Chubinishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Qobulashvili"> N. Qobulashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Kekelidze"> G. Kekelidze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> On the basis of InAs, InP and their InP<sub>x</sub>As<sub>1-x</sub> solid solutions, the technologies were developed and materials were created where the electron concentration and optical and thermoelectric properties do not change under the irradiation with <em>Ф </em>= 2∙10<sup>18 </sup>n/cm<sup>2</sup> fluences of fast neutrons high-energy electrons (50 MeV, <em>Ф </em>= 6·10<sup>17 </sup>e/cm<sup>2</sup>) and 3 MeV electrons with fluence <em>Ф </em>= 3∙10<sup>18 </sup>e/cm<sup>2</sup>. The problem of obtaining such material has been solved, in which under hard irradiation the mobility of the electrons does not decrease, but increases. This material is characterized by high thermal stability up to T = 700 °C. The complex process of defects formation has been analyzed and shown that, despite of hard irradiation, the essential properties of investigated materials are mainly determined by point type defects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=InAs" title="InAs">InAs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=InP" title=" InP"> InP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20solutions" title=" solid solutions"> solid solutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irradiation" title=" irradiation"> irradiation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102935/radiation-effects-and-defects-in-inas-inp-compounds-and-their-solid-solutions-inpxas1-x" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102935.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2295</span> Use of EPR in Experimental Mechanics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Siko%C5%84">M. Sikoń</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Bidzi%C5%84ska"> E. Bidzińska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An attempt to apply EPR (Electron Paramagnetic Resonance) spectroscopy to experimental analysis of the mechanical state of the loaded material is considered in this work. Theory concerns the participation of electrons in transfer of mechanical action. The model of measurement is shown by applying classical mechanics and quantum mechanics. Theoretical analysis is verified using EPR spectroscopy twice, once for the free spacemen and once for the mechanical loaded spacemen. Positive results in the form of different spectra for free and loaded materials are used to describe the mechanical state in continuum based on statistical mechanics. Perturbation of the optical electrons in the field of the mechanical interactions inspires us to propose new optical properties of the materials with mechanical stresses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cosserat%20medium" title="Cosserat medium">Cosserat medium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EPR%20spectroscopy" title=" EPR spectroscopy"> EPR spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20active%20electrons" title=" optical active electrons"> optical active electrons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20activity" title=" optical activity"> optical activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39245/use-of-epr-in-experimental-mechanics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2294</span> A Survey on Concurrency Control Methods in Distributed Database</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Mohsen%20Jameii">Seyed Mohsen Jameii</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the last years, remarkable improvements have been made in the ability of distributed database systems performance. A distributed database is composed of some sites which are connected to each other through network connections. In this system, if good harmonization is not made between different transactions, it may result in database incoherence. Nowadays, because of the complexity of many sites and their connection methods, it is difficult to extend different models in distributed database serially. The principle goal of concurrency control in distributed database is to ensure not interfering in accessibility of common database by different sites. Different concurrency control algorithms have been suggested to use in distributed database systems. In this paper, some available methods have been introduced and compared for concurrency control in distributed database. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20database" title="distributed database">distributed database</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two%20phase%20locking%20protocol" title=" two phase locking protocol"> two phase locking protocol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transaction" title=" transaction"> transaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concurrency" title=" concurrency"> concurrency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69917/a-survey-on-concurrency-control-methods-in-distributed-database" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2293</span> Implementation of a Lattice Boltzmann Method for Multiphase Flows with High Density Ratios</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norjan%20Jumaa">Norjan Jumaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Graham"> David Graham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present a Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) for multiphase flows with high viscosity and density ratios. The motion of the interface between fluids is modelled by solving the Cahn-Hilliard (CH) equation with LBM. Incompressibility of the velocity fields in each phase is imposed by using a pressure correction scheme. We use a unified LBM approach with separate formulations for the phase field, the pressure less Naiver-Stokes (NS) equations and the pressure Poisson equation required for correction of the velocity field. The implementation has been verified for various test case. Here, we present results for some complex flow problems including two dimensional single and multiple mode Rayleigh-Taylor instability and we obtain good results when comparing with those in the literature. The main focus of our work is related to interactions between aerated or non-aerated waves and structures so we also present results for both high viscosity and low viscosity waves. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lattice%20Boltzmann%20method" title="lattice Boltzmann method">lattice Boltzmann method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiphase%20flows" title=" multiphase flows"> multiphase flows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayleigh-Taylor%20instability" title=" Rayleigh-Taylor instability"> Rayleigh-Taylor instability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waves" title=" waves"> waves</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79505/implementation-of-a-lattice-boltzmann-method-for-multiphase-flows-with-high-density-ratios" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2292</span> The Effects of Electron Trapping by Electron-Ecoustic Waves Excited with Electron Beam</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abid%20Ali%20Abid">Abid Ali Abid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One-dimensional (1-D) particle-in-cell (PIC) electrostatic simulations are carried out to investigate the electrostatic waves, whose constituents are hot, cold and beam electrons in the background of motionless positive ions. In fact, the electrostatic modes excited are electron acoustic waves, beam driven waves as well as Langmuir waves. It is assessed that the relevant plasma parameters, for example, hot electron temperature, beam electron drift speed, and the electron beam density significantly modify the electrostatics wave's profiles. In the nonlinear stage, the wave-particle interaction becomes more evident and the waves have obtained its saturation level. Consequently, electrons become trapped in the waves and trapping vortices are clearly formed. Because of this trapping vortices and mixing of the electrons in phase space, finally, lead to electrons thermalization. It is observed that for the high-density value of the beam-electron, the solitary waves having a bipolar form of the electric field. These solitons are the nonlinear Brenstein-Greene and Kruskal wave mode that attributes the trapping of electrons potential well of phase-space hole. These examinations revealed that electrostatic waves have been exited in beam-plasma model and producing waves having broad-frequency ranges, which may clarify the broadband electrostatic noise (BEN) spectrum studied in the auroral zone. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20acoustic%20%20waves" title="electron acoustic waves">electron acoustic waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trapping%20of%20cold%20electron" title=" trapping of cold electron"> trapping of cold electron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Langmuir%20waves" title=" Langmuir waves"> Langmuir waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle-in%20cell%20simulation" title=" particle-in cell simulation"> particle-in cell simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120540/the-effects-of-electron-trapping-by-electron-ecoustic-waves-excited-with-electron-beam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120540.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2291</span> Coupling of Two Discretization Schemes for the Lattice Boltzmann Equation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Horstmann">Tobias Horstmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Le%20Garrec"> Thomas Le Garrec</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel-Ciprian%20Mincu"> Daniel-Ciprian Mincu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20L%C3%A9v%C3%AAque"> Emmanuel Lévêque</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite the efficiency and low dissipation of the stream-collide formulation of the Lattice Boltzmann (LB) algorithm, which is nowadays implemented in many commercial LBM solvers, there are certain situations, e.g. mesh transition, in which a classical finite-volume or finite-difference formulation of the LB algorithm still bear advantages. In this paper, we present an algorithm that combines the node-based streaming of the distribution functions with a second-order finite volume discretization of the advection term of the BGK-LB equation on a uniform D2Q9 lattice. It is shown that such a coupling is possible for a multi-domain approach as long as the overlap, or buffer zone, between two domains, is achieved on at least 2Δx. This also implies that a direct coupling (without buffer zone) of a stream-collide and finite-volume LB algorithm on a single grid is not stable. The critical parameter in the coupling is the CFL number equal to 1 that is imposed by the stream-collide algorithm. Nevertheless, an explicit filtering step on the finite-volume domain can stabilize the solution. In a further investigation, we demonstrate how such a coupling can be used for mesh transition, resulting in an intrinsic conservation of mass over the interface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithm%20coupling" title="algorithm coupling">algorithm coupling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20volume%20formulation" title=" finite volume formulation"> finite volume formulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grid%20refinement" title=" grid refinement"> grid refinement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lattice%20Boltzmann%20method" title=" Lattice Boltzmann method"> Lattice Boltzmann method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61400/coupling-of-two-discretization-schemes-for-the-lattice-boltzmann-equation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2290</span> Sinusoidal Roughness Elements in a Square Cavity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Yousaf">Muhammad Yousaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shoaib%20Usman"> Shoaib Usman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerical studies were conducted using Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) to study the natural convection in a square cavity in the presence of roughness. An algorithm basedon a single relaxation time Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) model of Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) was developed. Roughness was introduced on both the hot and cold walls in the form of sinusoidal roughness elements. The study was conducted for a Newtonian fluid of Prandtl number (Pr) 1.0. The range of Ra number was explored from 103 to 106 in a laminar region. Thermal and hydrodynamic behavior of fluid was analyzed using a differentially heated square cavity with roughness elements present on both the hot and cold wall. Neumann boundary conditions were introduced on horizontal walls with vertical walls as isothermal. The roughness elements were at the same boundary condition as corresponding walls. Computational algorithm was validated against previous benchmark studies performed with different numerical methods, and a good agreement was found to exist. Results indicate that the maximum reduction in the average heat transfer was16.66 percent at Ra number 105. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lattice%20Boltzmann%20method" title="Lattice Boltzmann method">Lattice Boltzmann method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20convection" title=" natural convection"> natural convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nusselt%20number" title=" nusselt number"> nusselt number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rayleigh%20number" title=" rayleigh number"> rayleigh number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughness" title=" roughness"> roughness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26916/sinusoidal-roughness-elements-in-a-square-cavity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">527</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2289</span> Synthesis of 4', 6'-Bis-(2, 4-Dinitro-Aniline)-(2'-Aryl-Amine)-S-Triazine and Biological Activity Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dilesh%20Indorkar">Dilesh Indorkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aromatic, six membered ring containing three nitrogen atoms are known as triazines. Three triazines are theoretically possible, 1,3,5-triazine, 1,2,4-triazine and 1,2,3-triazine[1]. The 1,3,5-triazines are amongst the oldest known organic compounds. Originally they were called the symmetric triazines. Usuelly abbreviated to s- or sys triazines. The numbering follows the usual convention of beginning at the hetero atom as shown for the parent compound 1,3,5-triazine (I). The triazine rings, each contain 6 pi electrons which fill three bonding molecular orbital there are also three pairs of non bonding electrons in each molecule which are responsible for basic properties of the compounds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=s-triazine" title="s-triazine">s-triazine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thiazoline" title=" thiazoline"> thiazoline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isoxazoline" title=" isoxazoline"> isoxazoline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benzoxazine%20heterocyclic" title=" benzoxazine heterocyclic"> benzoxazine heterocyclic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23768/synthesis-of-4-6-bis-2-4-dinitro-aniline-2-aryl-amine-s-triazine-and-biological-activity-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23768.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2288</span> A Preliminary Conceptual Scale to Discretize the Distributed Manufacturing Continuum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ijaz%20Ul%20Haq">Ijaz Ul Haq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fiorenzo%20Franceschini"> Fiorenzo Franceschini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The distributed manufacturing methodology brings a new concept of decentralized manufacturing operations close to the proximity of end users. A preliminary scale, to measure distributed capacity and evaluate positioning of firms, is developed in this research. In the first part of the paper, a literature review has been performed which highlights the explorative nature of the studies conducted to present definitions and classifications due to novelty of this topic. From literature, five dimensions of distributed manufacturing development stages have been identified: localization, manufacturing technologies, customization and personalization, digitalization and democratization of design. Based on these determinants a conceptual scale is proposed to measure the status of distributed manufacturing of a generic firm. A multiple case study is then conducted in two steps to test the conceptual scale and to identify the corresponding level of distributed potential in each case study firm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20manufacturing" title="distributed manufacturing">distributed manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20capacity" title=" distributed capacity"> distributed capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=localized%20production" title=" localized production"> localized production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ordinal%20scale" title=" ordinal scale"> ordinal scale</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89405/a-preliminary-conceptual-scale-to-discretize-the-distributed-manufacturing-continuum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89405.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2287</span> Numerical Study of Wettability on the Triangular Micro-pillared Surfaces Using Lattice Boltzmann Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganesh%20Meshram">Ganesh Meshram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gloria%20Biswal"> Gloria Biswal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we present the numerical investigation of surface wettability on triangular micropillar surfaces by using a two-dimensional (2D) pseudo-potential multiphase lattice Boltzmann method with a D2Q9 model for various interaction parameters of the range varies from -1.40 to -2.50. Initially, simulation of the equilibrium state of a water droplet on a flat surface is considered for various interaction parameters to examine the accuracy of the present numerical model. We then imposed the microscale pillars on the bottom wall of the surface with different heights of the pillars to form the hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces which enable the higher contact angle. The wettability of surfaces is simulated with water droplets of radius 100 lattice units in the domain of 800x800 lattice units. The present study shows that increasing the interaction parameter of the pillared hydrophobic surfaces dramatically reduces the contact area between water droplets and solid walls due to the momentum redirection phenomenon. Contact angles for different values of interaction strength have been validated qualitatively with the analytical results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20angle" title="contact angle">contact angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lattice%20boltzmann%20method" title=" lattice boltzmann method"> lattice boltzmann method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=d2q9%20model" title=" d2q9 model"> d2q9 model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pseudo-potential%20multiphase%20method" title=" pseudo-potential multiphase method"> pseudo-potential multiphase method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic%20surfaces" title=" hydrophobic surfaces"> hydrophobic surfaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wenzel%20state" title=" wenzel state"> wenzel state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cassie-baxter%20state" title=" cassie-baxter state"> cassie-baxter state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wettability" title=" wettability"> wettability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167911/numerical-study-of-wettability-on-the-triangular-micro-pillared-surfaces-using-lattice-boltzmann-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167911.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2286</span> Explore Urban Spatial Density with Boltzmann Statistical Distribution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianjia%20Wang">Jianjia Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tong%20Yu"> Tong Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haoran%20Zhu"> Haoran Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kun%20Liu"> Kun Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinwei%20Hao"> Jinwei Hao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The underlying pattern in the modern city is agglomeration. To some degree, the distribution of urban spatial density can be used to describe the status of this assemblage. There are three intrinsic characteristics to measure urban spatial density, namely, Floor Area Ratio (FAR), Building Coverage Ratio (BCR), and Average Storeys (AS). But the underlying mechanism that contributes to these quantities is still vague in the statistical urban study. In this paper, we explore the corresponding extrinsic factors related to spatial density. These factors can further provide the potential influence on the intrinsic quantities. Here, we take Shanghai Inner Ring Area and Manhattan in New York as examples to analyse the potential impacts on urban spatial density with six selected extrinsic elements. Ebery single factor presents the correlation to the spatial distribution, but the overall global impact of all is still implicit. To handle this issue, we attempt to develop the Boltzmann statistical model to explicitly explain the mechanism behind that. We derive a corresponding novel quantity, called capacity, to measure the global effects of all other extrinsic factors to the three intrinsic characteristics. The distribution of capacity presents a similar pattern to real measurements. This reveals the nonlinear influence on the multi-factor relations to the urban spatial density in agglomeration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20spatial%20density" title="urban spatial density">urban spatial density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boltzmann%20statistics" title=" Boltzmann statistics"> Boltzmann statistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-factor%20correlation" title=" multi-factor correlation"> multi-factor correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20distribution" title=" spatial distribution"> spatial distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148943/explore-urban-spatial-density-with-boltzmann-statistical-distribution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148943.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2285</span> Radiation Emission from Ultra-Relativistic Plasma Electrons in Short-Pulse Laser Light Interactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ondarza-Rovira">R. Ondarza-Rovira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20J.%20M.%20Boyd"> T. J. M. Boyd</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intense femtosecond laser light incident on over-critical density plasmas has shown to emit a prolific number of high-order harmonics of the driver frequency, with spectra characterized by power-law decays Pm ~ m-p, where m denotes the harmonic order and p the spectral decay index. When the laser pulse is p-polarized, plasma effects do modify the harmonic spectrum, weakening the so-called universal decay with p=8/3 to p=5/3, or below. In this work, appeal is made to a single particle radiation model in support of the predictions from particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. Using this numerical technique we further show that the emission radiated by electrons -that are relativistically accelerated by the laser field inside the plasma, after being expelled into vacuum, the so-called Brunel electrons is characterized not only by the plasma line but also by ultraviolet harmonic orders described by the 5/3 decay index. Results obtained from these simulations suggest that for ultra-relativistic light intensities, the spectral decay index is further reduced, with p now in the range 2/3 ≤ p ≤ 4/3. This reduction is indicative of a transition from the regime where Brunel-induced plasma radiation influences the spectrum to one dominated by bremsstrahlung emission from the Brunel electrons. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultra-relativistic" title="ultra-relativistic">ultra-relativistic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser-plasma%20interactions" title=" laser-plasma interactions"> laser-plasma interactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-order%20harmonic%20emission" title=" high-order harmonic emission"> high-order harmonic emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation" title=" radiation"> radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectrum" title=" spectrum "> spectrum </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27628/radiation-emission-from-ultra-relativistic-plasma-electrons-in-short-pulse-laser-light-interactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2284</span> The Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenides as Materials for Storage Clean Energy: Ab initio Investigations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Meziane">S. Meziane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20I.%20Faraoun"> H. I. Faraoun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Esling"> C. Esling</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transition metal dichalcogenides have potential applications in power generation devices that convert waste heat into electric current by the so-called Seebeck and Hall effects thus providing an alternative energy technology to reduce the dependence on traditional fossil fuels. In this study, the thermoelectric properties of 1T and 2HTaX2 (X= S or Se) dichalcogenide superconductors have been computed using the semi-classical Boltzmann theory. Technologically, the task is to fabricate suitable materials with high efficiency. It is found that 2HTaS2 possesses the largest value of figure of merit ZT= 1.27 at 175 K. From a scientific point of view, we aim to model the underlying materials properties and in particular the transport phenomena as mediated by electrons and lattice vibrations responsible for superconductivity, Charge Density Waves (CDW) and metal/insulator transitions as function of temperature. The goal of the present work is to develop an understanding of the superconductivity of these selected materials using the transport properties at the fundamental level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ab%20initio" title="Ab initio">Ab initio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=High%20efficiency" title=" High efficiency"> High efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Power%20generation%20devices" title=" Power generation devices"> Power generation devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Transition%20metal%20dichalcogenides" title=" Transition metal dichalcogenides"> Transition metal dichalcogenides</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51876/the-layered-transition-metal-dichalcogenides-as-materials-for-storage-clean-energy-ab-initio-investigations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51876.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boltzmann%20distributed%20electrons&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boltzmann%20distributed%20electrons&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boltzmann%20distributed%20electrons&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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