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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width; initial-scale=1"/><title>Strong's Greek: 4653. σκοτία (skotia) -- Darkness</title></title><link rel="canonical" href="http://biblehub.com/greek/4653.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/strongsnew2.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/print.css" type="text/css" media="Print" /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; cts.dataset.appid=i;cts.src='https://app.protectsubrev.com/catch_rp.js?cb='+Math.random(); document.head.appendChild(cts); }) (window,document,'head','script','rc-anksrH');</script></head><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="/interlinear/vmenus/acts/28-20.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="//biblehu.com/bmstrongs/greek/4653.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">Bible</a> > <a href="/strongs.htm">Strong's</a> > <a href="/englishmans_greek.htm">Greek</a> > 4653</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="../greek/4652.htm" title="4652">◄</a> 4653. skotia <a href="../greek/4654.htm" title="4654">►</a></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheading">Strong's Lexicon</div><div align="left"><span class="toptitle2">skotia: Darkness</span></div><p><span class="tophdg">Original Word: </span><span class="greek">σκοτία</span><br><span class="tophdg">Part of Speech: </span>Noun, Feminine<br><span class="tophdg">Transliteration: </span>skotia<br><span class="tophdg">Pronunciation: </span>sko-tee'-ah<br><span class="tophdg">Phonetic Spelling: </span>(skot-ee'-ah)<br><span class="tophdg">Definition: </span>Darkness<br><span class="tophdg">Meaning: </span>darkness; fig: spiritual darkness.<p><span class="tophdg">Word Origin: </span>Derived from the Greek word σκοτός (skotos), meaning "darkness."<p><span class="tophdg">Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: </span> - <b>Strong's Hebrew 2822:</b> חֹשֶׁךְ (choshek) – darkness, obscurity.<p><span class="tophdg">Usage: </span>In the New Testament, "skotia" is used metaphorically to describe spiritual or moral darkness, ignorance, and the absence of divine light. It often contrasts with "phos" (light), symbolizing the presence of God, truth, and righteousness. "Skotia" can refer to the state of those who are separated from God and living in sin.<p><span class="tophdg">Cultural and Historical Background: </span>In the Greco-Roman world, darkness was commonly associated with chaos, evil, and the unknown. The biblical authors used this cultural understanding to convey spiritual truths. In Jewish thought, darkness often symbolized judgment and separation from God's presence. The New Testament writers, drawing from these traditions, used "skotia" to illustrate the spiritual condition of humanity without Christ.<div class="vheading2">HELPS Word-studies</div><p class="discovery"><b>Cognate: 4653</b> <i>skotía</i> (a <i>feminine</i> noun) – <i>darkness</i>, a brand of moral, spiritual <i>obscurity</i> (i.e. which blocks the light of God when faith is lacking). See also <a href="/greek/4655.htm">4655</a> <i>/skótos</i> ("darkness").</p><iframe width="100%" height="85" scrolling=no src="/discovery.htm" frameborder=0 cellpadding=0></iframe><div class="vheading2">NAS Exhaustive Concordance</div><span class="hdg">Word Origin</span><br>from <a href="/greek/4655.htm">skotos</a><br><span class="hdg">Definition</span><br>darkness<br><span class="hdg">NASB Translation</span><br>dark (3), darkness (14).<p><div align="center"><span class="smalltext"><iframe width="100%" height="85" scrolling=no src="/nasec.htm" frameborder=0 cellpadding=0></iframe></span></div><div class="vheading2">Thayer's Greek Lexicon</div><span class="maintitle">STRONGS NT 4653: σκοτία</span><br><br><span class="arttitle"><span class="grktitle">σκοτία</span></span>, <span class="greek2">σκοτίας</span>, <span class="greek2">ἡ</span> (on its derivation cf. <span class="greek2"><span class="lexref">σκηνή</span></span>), (<span class="abbreviation">Thomas Magister</span>, <span class="greek2">ὁ</span> <span class="greek2">σκότος</span> <span class="greek2">καί</span> <span class="greek2">τό</span> <span class="greek2">σκότος</span>. <span class="greek2">τό</span> <span class="greek2">δέ</span> <span class="greek2">σκοτία</span> <span class="greek2">οὐκ</span> <span class="greek2">ἐν</span> <span class="greek2">χρησει</span> namely, in Attic (cf. <span class="abbreviation">Moeris</span>, under the word; Liddell and Scott, under the word <span class="greek2">σκότος</span>, at the end)), <span class="accented">darkness</span>: properly, the darkness due to want of daylight, <a href="/interlinear/john/6-17.htm">John 6:17</a>; <a href="/interlinear/john/20-1.htm">John 20:1</a>; <span class="greek2">ἐν</span> <span class="greek2">τῇ</span> <span class="greek2">σκοτία</span> (<span class="greek2">λαλεῖν</span> <span class="greek2">τί</span>), unseen, in secret (equivalent to <span class="greek2">ἐν</span> <span class="greek2">κρύπτω</span>, <a href="/interlinear/john/18-20.htm">John 18:20</a>), privily, in private, opposed to <span class="greek2">ἐν</span> <span class="greek2">τῷ</span> <span class="greek2">φωτί</span>, <a href="/interlinear/matthew/10-27.htm">Matthew 10:27</a>; <a href="/interlinear/luke/12-3.htm">Luke 12:3</a>; metaphorically, used of ignorance of divine things, and its associated wickedness, and the resultant misery: <a href="/interlinear/matthew/4-16.htm">Matthew 4:16</a> <span class="manuref">L</span> <span class="manuref">Tr</span> <span class="manuref">WH</span>; <a href="/interlinear/john/1-5.htm">John 1:5</a>; <a href="/interlinear/john/6-17.htm">John 6:17</a>; <a href="/interlinear/john/8-12.htm">John 8:12</a>; <a href="/interlinear/john/12-35.htm">John 12:35, 46</a>; <a href="/interlinear/1_john/1-5.htm">1 John 1:5</a>; <a href="/interlinear/1_john/2-8.htm">1 John 2:8f, 11</a>. (Ap. Rh. 4, 1698; <span class="abbreviation">Anth.</span> 8, 187. 190; for <span class="hebrew">חָשְׁכָה</span> <a href="/interlinear/micah/3-6.htm">Micah 3:6</a>; for <span class="hebrew">אֹפֶל</span>, <a href="/interlinear/job/28-3.htm">Job 28:3</a>.)<FOOTNOTE:1> <br><br><iframe width="100%" height="85" scrolling=no src="/bsoft.htm" frameborder=0 cellpadding=0></iframe><div class="vheading2">Strong's Exhaustive Concordance</div>darkness. <p>From <a href="/greek/4655.htm">skotos</a>; dimness, obscurity (literally or figuratively) -- dark(-ness). <p>see GREEK <a href="/greek/4655.htm">skotos</a> <div class="vheading2">Forms and Transliterations</div>σκότει σκοτια σκοτία σκοτίᾳ σκοτιας σκοτίας skotei skótei skotia skotía skotíāi skotias skotías<div class="vheading2">Links</div><a href="/interlinear/matthew/1-1.htm">Interlinear Greek</a> • <a href="/interlinear/genesis/1-1.htm">Interlinear Hebrew</a> • <a href="/strongs.htm">Strong's Numbers</a> • <a href="/englishmans_greek.htm">Englishman's Greek Concordance</a> • <a href="/englishmans_hebrew.htm">Englishman's Hebrew Concordance</a> • <a href="/texts/matthew/1-1.htm">Parallel Texts</a></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><div class="vheading">Englishman's Concordance</div><b><a href="/text/matthew/10-27.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Matthew 10:27</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Dative Feminine Singular">N-DFS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/matthew/10.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἐν τῇ <b>σκοτίᾳ</b> εἴπατε ἐν</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/matthew/10.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> I tell <span class="itali">you in the darkness,</span> speak<br><a href="/kjvs/matthew/10.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> you in <span class="itali">darkness,</span> [that] speak ye in<br><a href="/interlinear/matthew/10-27.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> in the <span class="itali">darkness</span> speak in<p><b><a href="/text/luke/12-3.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">Luke 12:3</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Dative Feminine Singular">N-DFS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/luke/12.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἐν τῇ <b>σκοτίᾳ</b> εἴπατε ἐν</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/luke/12.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> you have said <span class="itali">in the dark</span> will be heard<br><a href="/kjvs/luke/12.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> in <span class="itali">darkness</span> shall be heard<br><a href="/interlinear/luke/12-3.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> in the <span class="itali">darkness</span> you said in<p><b><a href="/text/john/1-5.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">John 1:5</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Dative Feminine Singular">N-DFS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/john/1.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἐν τῇ <b>σκοτίᾳ</b> φαίνει καὶ</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/john/1.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> shines <span class="itali">in the darkness,</span> and the darkness<br><a href="/kjvs/john/1.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> shineth in <span class="itali">darkness;</span> and the darkness<br><a href="/interlinear/john/1-5.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> in the <span class="itali">darkness</span> shines and<p><b><a href="/text/john/1-5.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">John 1:5</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular">N-NFS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/john/1.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">καὶ ἡ <b>σκοτία</b> αὐτὸ οὐ</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/john/1.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> in the darkness, <span class="itali">and the darkness</span> did not comprehend<br><a href="/kjvs/john/1.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> and <span class="itali">the darkness</span> comprehended<br><a href="/interlinear/john/1-5.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> and the <span class="itali">darkness</span> it not<p><b><a href="/text/john/6-17.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">John 6:17</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular">N-NFS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/john/6.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">Καφαρναούμ καὶ <b>σκοτία</b> ἤδη ἐγεγόνει</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/john/6.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> become <span class="itali">dark,</span> and Jesus<br><a href="/kjvs/john/6.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> it was now <span class="itali">dark,</span> and Jesus<br><a href="/interlinear/john/6-17.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> Capernaum And <span class="itali">dark</span> already it had become<p><b><a href="/text/john/8-12.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">John 8:12</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Dative Feminine Singular">N-DFS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/john/8.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἐν τῇ <b>σκοτίᾳ</b> ἀλλ' ἕξει</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/john/8.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> Me will not walk <span class="itali">in the darkness,</span> but will have<br><a href="/kjvs/john/8.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> walk in <span class="itali">darkness,</span> but shall have<br><a href="/interlinear/john/8-12.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> in the <span class="itali">darkness</span> but will have<p><b><a href="/text/john/12-35.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">John 12:35</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular">N-NFS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/john/12.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἵνα μὴ <b>σκοτία</b> ὑμᾶς καταλάβῃ</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/john/12.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> so <span class="itali">that darkness</span> will not overtake<br><a href="/kjvs/john/12.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> lest <span class="itali">darkness</span> come upon<br><a href="/interlinear/john/12-35.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> that not <span class="itali">darkness</span> you might overtake<p><b><a href="/text/john/12-35.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">John 12:35</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Dative Feminine Singular">N-DFS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/john/12.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἐν τῇ <b>σκοτίᾳ</b> οὐκ οἶδεν</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/john/12.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> you; he who walks <span class="itali">in the darkness</span> does not know<br><a href="/kjvs/john/12.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> in <span class="itali">darkness</span> knoweth<br><a href="/interlinear/john/12-35.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> in the <span class="itali">darkness</span> not knows<p><b><a href="/text/john/12-46.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">John 12:46</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Dative Feminine Singular">N-DFS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/john/12.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἐν τῇ <b>σκοτίᾳ</b> μὴ μείνῃ</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/john/12.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> in Me will not remain <span class="itali">in darkness.</span><br><a href="/kjvs/john/12.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> abide in <span class="itali">darkness.</span><br><a href="/interlinear/john/12-46.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> in the <span class="itali">darkness</span> not might abide<p><b><a href="/text/john/20-1.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">John 20:1</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular">N-GFS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/john/20.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἔρχεται πρωὶ <b>σκοτίας</b> ἔτι οὔσης</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/john/20.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> while it was still <span class="itali">dark,</span> and saw<br><a href="/kjvs/john/20.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> yet <span class="itali">dark,</span> unto<br><a href="/interlinear/john/20-1.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> comes early <span class="itali">dark</span> still it being<p><b><a href="/text/1_john/1-5.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">1 John 1:5</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular">N-NFS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/1_john/1.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἐστὶν καὶ <b>σκοτία</b> οὐκ ἔστιν</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/1_john/1.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> and in Him there is no <span class="itali">darkness</span> at all.<br><a href="/kjvs/1_john/1.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> is no <span class="itali">darkness</span> at all.<br><a href="/interlinear/1_john/1-5.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> is and <span class="itali">darkness</span> not is<p><b><a href="/text/1_john/2-8.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">1 John 2:8</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular">N-NFS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/1_john/2.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ὅτι ἡ <b>σκοτία</b> παράγεται καὶ</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/1_john/2.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> in Him and in you, because <span class="itali">the darkness</span> is passing away<br><a href="/kjvs/1_john/2.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> you: because <span class="itali">the darkness</span> is past, and<br><a href="/interlinear/1_john/2-8.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> because the <span class="itali">darkness</span> is passing away and<p><b><a href="/text/1_john/2-9.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">1 John 2:9</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Dative Feminine Singular">N-DFS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/1_john/2.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἐν τῇ <b>σκοτίᾳ</b> ἐστὶν ἕως</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/1_john/2.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> his brother <span class="itali">is in the darkness</span> until<br><a href="/kjvs/1_john/2.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> is in <span class="itali">darkness</span> even until now.<br><a href="/interlinear/1_john/2-9.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> in the <span class="itali">darkness</span> is until<p><b><a href="/text/1_john/2-11.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">1 John 2:11</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Dative Feminine Singular">N-DFS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/1_john/2.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἐν τῇ <b>σκοτίᾳ</b> ἐστὶν καὶ</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/1_john/2.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> his brother <span class="itali">is in the darkness</span> and walks<br><a href="/kjvs/1_john/2.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> is in <span class="itali">darkness,</span> and walketh<br><a href="/interlinear/1_john/2-11.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> in the <span class="itali">darkness</span> is and<p><b><a href="/text/1_john/2-11.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">1 John 2:11</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Dative Feminine Singular">N-DFS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/1_john/2.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ἐν τῇ <b>σκοτίᾳ</b> περιπατεῖ καὶ</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/1_john/2.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> and walks <span class="itali">in the darkness,</span> and does not know<br><a href="/kjvs/1_john/2.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> walketh in <span class="itali">darkness,</span> and knoweth<br><a href="/interlinear/1_john/2-11.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> in the <span class="itali">darkness</span> walks and<p><b><a href="/text/1_john/2-11.htm" title="Biblos Lexicon">1 John 2:11</a> <a href="/abbrev.htm" title="Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular">N-NFS</a></b><br><a href="/interlinear/1_john/2.htm" title="Greek">GRK:</a> <span class="greek3">ὅτι ἡ <b>σκοτία</b> ἐτύφλωσεν τοὺς</span><br><a href="http://biblehub.com/nas/1_john/2.htm" title="New American Standard Bible">NAS:</a> because <span class="itali">the darkness</span> has blinded<br><a href="/kjvs/1_john/2.htm" title="King James Bible with Strong's">KJV:</a> because <span class="itali">that darkness</span> hath blinded<br><a href="/interlinear/1_john/2-11.htm" title="Biblos Interlinear Bible">INT:</a> because the <span class="itali">darkness</span> blinded the<p><b><a href="/greek/4653.htm">Strong's Greek 4653</a><br><a href="/greek/strongs_4653.htm">16 Occurrences</a></b><br><br><a href="/greek/skotia_4653.htm">σκοτίᾳ — 15 Occ.</a><br><a href="/greek/skotias_4653.htm">σκοτίας — 1 Occ.</a><br><br></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script><br /><br /> </div> <div id="left"><a href="/greek/4652.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="4652"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="4652" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/greek/4654.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="4654"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="4654" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhchap.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>