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class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contidos</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover á barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">agochar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inicio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimoloxía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimoloxía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimoloxía</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Etimoloxía-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Etimoloxía"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Etimoloxía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Uso_dos_termos_"astronomía"_e_"astrofísica"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uso_dos_termos_"astronomía"_e_"astrofísica""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Uso dos termos "astronomía" e "astrofísica"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uso_dos_termos_"astronomía"_e_"astrofísica"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Historia"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Astronomía_antiga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astronomía_antiga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Astronomía antiga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astronomía_antiga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revolución_científica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revolución_científica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Revolución científica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revolución_científica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Astronomía_observacional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astronomía_observacional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Astronomía observacional</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astronomía_observacional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Astronomía_teórica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astronomía_teórica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Astronomía teórica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astronomía_teórica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campos_específicos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campos_específicos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Campos específicos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campos_específicos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Astrónomos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astrónomos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Astrónomos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astrónomos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modelos_e_teorías" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modelos_e_teorías"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Modelos e teorías</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modelos_e_teorías-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Véxase_tamén" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Véxase_tamén"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Véxase tamén</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Véxase tamén"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliografía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Bibliografía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outros_artigos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outros_artigos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Outros artigos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outros_artigos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligazóns_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligazóns_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Ligazóns externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligazóns_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Astronomía</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artigo noutra lingua. Dispoñible en 242 linguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-242" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">242 linguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterrekunde" title="Sterrekunde – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sterrekunde" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – alemán suízo" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemán suízo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A5%E1%8A%90_%E1%8D%88%E1%88%88%E1%8A%AD" title="ሥነ ፈለክ – amhárico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሥነ ፈለክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhárico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronom%C3%ADa" title="Astronomía – aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Astronomía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungolcr%C3%A6ft" title="Tungolcræft – inglês antigo" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Tungolcræft" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="inglês antigo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="खगोल शास्त्र – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="खगोल शास्त्र" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bo"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D9%83" title="علم الفلك – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم الفلك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%A1%DC%A0%DC%A0%DC%98%DC%AC_%DC%9F%DC%98%DC%9F%DC%92%DC%90" title="ܡܡܠܠܘܬ ܟܘܟܒܐ – arameo" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܡܠܠܘܬ ܟܘܟܒܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%83" title="فلك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فلك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জ্যোতিৰ্বিজ্ঞান – assamés" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জ্যোতিৰ্বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronom%C3%ADa" title="Astronomía – asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Astronomía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономия – avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Астрономия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaxpacha_y%C3%A4nakata" title="Alaxpacha yänakata – aimará" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Alaxpacha yänakata" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimará" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomiya" title="Astronomiya – acerbaixano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Astronomiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="acerbaixano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C" title="آسترونومی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آسترونومی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономия – baxkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Астрономия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astruonuom%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Astruonuomėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Astruonuomėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomiya" title="Astronomiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Astronomiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Астраномія – belaruso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Астраномія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belaruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Астраномія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Астраномія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88lmu_palak" title="Èlmu palak – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Èlmu palak" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономия – búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Астрономия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="खगोलिकी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="खगोलिकी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaji_tawas_langit" title="Kaji tawas langit – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kaji tawas langit" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="နက္ခတ္တဗေဒ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="နက္ခတ္တဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolokalan" title="Dolokalan – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Dolokalan" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জ্যোতির্বিজ্ঞান – bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জ্যোতির্বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steredoniezh" title="Steredoniezh – bretón" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Steredoniezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija – bosníaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Astronomija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%88%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Одон орон шудалал – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Одон орон шудалал" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C4%95ng-%C3%B9ng" title="Tiĕng-ùng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tiĕng-ùng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Астрономи – checheno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Астрономи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="checheno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomiya" title="Astronomiya – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Astronomiya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ئەستێرەناسی – kurdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەستێرەناسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronumia" title="Astronumia – corso" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Astronumia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomij%C3%B4" title="Astronomijô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Astronomijô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Астрономи – chuvaxo" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Астрономи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvaxo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seryddiaeth" title="Seryddiaeth – galés" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Seryddiaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – dinamarqués" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarqués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Ai%C9%9B%CC%88ckanhial" title="Ŋiɛ̈ckanhial – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Ŋiɛ̈ckanhial" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asm%C3%AAn%C5%9F%C4%B1nasiye" title="Asmênşınasiye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Asmênşınasiye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija – baixo sorbio" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Astronomija" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="baixo sorbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astoronomi" title="Astoronomi – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Astoronomi" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8A%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%A6%DE%86%DE%A9_%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%AA" title="ފަލަކީ އިލްމު – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފަލަކީ އިލްމު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αστρονομία – grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αστρονομία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronom%C3%AE" title="Astronomî – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Astronomî" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bo"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Astronomy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomio" title="Astronomio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Astronomio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronom%C3%ADa" title="Astronomía – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Astronomía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronoomia" title="Astronoomia – estoniano" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Astronoomia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – éuscaro" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="éuscaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="اخترشناسی – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اخترشناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astoronomy" title="Astoronomy – fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Astoronomy" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4htitiede" title="Tähtitiede – finés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tähtitiede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4hetiid%C3%BCs" title="Tähetiidüs – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tähetiidüs" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maliwalala" title="Maliwalala – fixiano" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Maliwalala" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fixiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stj%C3%B8rnufr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Stjørnufrøði – feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Stjørnufrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A4%C3%A4rkunde" title="Stäärkunde – frisón setentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Stäärkunde" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisón setentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – friulano" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy – frisón occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Astronomy" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisón occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9alteola%C3%ADocht" title="Réalteolaíocht – irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Réalteolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="天文學 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="天文學" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lastronnonmi" title="Lastronnonmi – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lastronnonmi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reul-e%C3%B2las" title="Reul-eòlas – gaélico escocés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Reul-eòlas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbyjakuaa" title="Mbyjakuaa – guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mbyjakuaa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%96%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B3%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0" title="ખગોળશાસ્ત્ર – guxarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ખગોળશાસ્ત્ર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="guxarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollageydys" title="Rollageydys – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Rollageydys" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi%C3%AAn-v%C3%B9n-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Thiên-vùn-ho̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thiên-vùn-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilo_h%C5%8Dk%C5%AB" title="Kilo hōkū – hawaiano" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kilo hōkū" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94" title="אסטרונומיה – hebreo" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אסטרונומיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="खगोल शास्त्र – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="खगोल शास्त्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taara_vigyan" title="Taara vigyan – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Taara vigyan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Astronomija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija – alto sorbio" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Astronomija" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alto sorbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astwonomi" title="Astwonomi – crioulo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Astwonomi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioulo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csillag%C3%A1szat" title="Csillagászat – húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csillagászat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Աստղագիտություն – armenio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աստղագիտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Աստղագիտութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Աստղագիտութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bo"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – indonesio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="АйламӀилма – inguxo" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="АйламӀилма" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguxo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomio" title="Astronomio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Astronomio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stj%C3%B6rnufr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Stjörnufræði – islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stjörnufræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%AF%E1%93%9A%E1%93%AF%E1%90%85%E1%95%90%E1%93%82%E1%96%85" title="ᓯᓚᓯᐅᕐᓂᖅ – inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓯᓚᓯᐅᕐᓂᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="天文学 – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="天文学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aschranami" title="Aschranami – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Aschranami" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/kesyske" title="kesyske – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="kesyske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – xavanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="xavanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ასტრონომია – xeorxiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ასტრონომია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="xeorxiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomiya" title="Astronomiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Astronomiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnallunt" title="Tasnallunt – cabila" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasnallunt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономия – kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Астрономия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulloriarsiorneq" title="Ulloriarsiorneq – kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Ulloriarsiorneq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="តារាវិទ្យា – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="តារាវិទ្យា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – kannará" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannará" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99" title="천문학 – coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="천문학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономия – carachaio-bálcara" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Астрономия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="carachaio-bálcara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8E%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%90%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="فَلکِیات – caxemirés" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="فَلکِیات" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="caxemirés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%AArnas%C3%AE" title="Stêrnasî – kurdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Stêrnasî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steronieth" title="Steronieth – córnico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Steronieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="córnico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономия – kirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Астрономия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – latín" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomiya" title="Astronomiya – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Astronomiya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – luxemburgués" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D3%80%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83" title="ЦӀурттал элму – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="ЦӀурттал элму" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономия – lezguio" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Астрономия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezguio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essomabwengula" title="Essomabwengula – ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Essomabwengula" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starekunde" title="Starekunde – limburgués" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Starekunde" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamb%C3%AD_ma_nz%C9%94%CC%81t%C9%94" title="Mambí ma nzɔ́tɔ – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mambí ma nzɔ́tɔ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ດາລາສາດ – laosiano" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ດາລາສາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija – lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Astronomija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija – letón" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Astronomija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – madurés" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haikintana" title="Haikintana – malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Haikintana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Астрономий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Астрономий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81tai_arorangi" title="Tātai arorangi – maorí" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tātai arorangi" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maorí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Астрономија – macedonio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Астрономија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%83%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ജ്യോതിഃശാസ്ത്രം – malabar" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജ്യോതിഃശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Одон орон – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Одон орон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯈꯦꯟꯆꯣꯡꯂꯣꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯈꯦꯟꯆꯣꯡꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="खगोलशास्त्र – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="खगोलशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija – maltés" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Astronomija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – mirandés" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="နက္ခတ္တဗေဒ – birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နက္ခတ္တဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="اساره‌دونی – mazandaraní" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اساره‌دونی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilhuicamatiliztli" title="Ilhuicamatiliztli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Ilhuicamatiliztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronumia" title="Astronumia – napolitano" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Astronumia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – baixo alemán" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baixo alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steernskunde" title="Steernskunde – baixo saxón" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Steernskunde" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baixo saxón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="खगोल शास्त्र – nepalí" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="खगोल शास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="खगोलशास्त्र – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="खगोलशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – noruegués nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruegués nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – noruegués bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegués bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9B%DF%8A%DF%B2%DF%A1%DF%8A%DF%9B%DF%93%DF%8D" title="ߛߊ߲ߡߊߛߓߍ – n’ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߛߊ߲ߡߊߛߓߍ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrononmie" title="Astrononmie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Astrononmie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thutanaledi" title="Thutanaledi – sesotho do norte" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Thutanaledi" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sesotho do norte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C3%A4htitiedo" title="Tiähtitiedo – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Tiähtitiedo" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xin-hawaa" title="Xin-hawaa – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Xin-hawaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Астрономи – ossetio" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Астрономи" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤਾਰਾ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – panxabí" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਾਰਾ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panxabí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrononmie" title="Astrononmie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Astrononmie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estronomii" title="Estronomii – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Estronomii" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bo"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronom%C3%ACa" title="Astronomìa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Astronomìa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%BE%DA%91%DA%BE%D8%AA" title="تارا پڑھت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تارا پڑھت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="ستورپوهنه – paxto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ستورپوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quyllur_yachay" title="Quyllur yachay – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Quyllur yachay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – romanche" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chexanipen" title="Chexanipen – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Chexanipen" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – aromanés" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономия – ruso" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Астрономия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Астрономія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Астрономія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="खगोलशास्त्रम् – sánscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="खगोलशास्त्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sánscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономия – iacuto" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Астрономия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacuto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrunum%C3%ACa" title="Astrunumìa – siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Astrunumìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy – escocés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Astronomy" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%90_%D9%81%D9%84%DA%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="علمِ فلڪيات – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="علمِ فلڪيات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AAnd%C3%A2tongo" title="Sêndâtongo – sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Sêndâtongo" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija – serbocroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Astronomija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnaggurt" title="Tasnaggurt – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasnaggurt" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="තාරකා විද්‍යාව – cingalés" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තාරකා විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Astronomy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astron%C3%B3mia" title="Astronómia – eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Astronómia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="فلکیات – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="فلکیات" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija – esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Astronomija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saienisi_o_fet%C5%AB" title="Saienisi o fetū – samoano" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Saienisi o fetū" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvechadenga" title="Zvechadenga – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Zvechadenga" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiddigmaal" title="Xiddigmaal – somalí" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Xiddigmaal" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Астрономија – serbio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Астрономија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiernkunde_af_Astronomie" title="Stiernkunde af Astronomie – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Stiernkunde af Astronomie" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – sundanés" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elimuanga" title="Elimuanga – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Elimuanga" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astr%C5%8Dn%C5%8Dmij%C5%8F" title="Astrōnōmijŏ – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Astrōnōmijŏ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="வானியல் – támil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வானியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="támil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B3_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಖಗೋಳ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಖಗೋಳ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B3_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="ఖగోళ శాస్త్రం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఖగోళ శాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – tetun" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Ахтаршиносӣ – taxico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ахтаршиносӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taxico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ดาราศาสตร์ – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดาราศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%90-%E1%8A%AE%E1%8A%BE%E1%89%A5" title="ስነ-ኮኾብ – tigriña" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ስነ-ኮኾብ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigriña" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi%C3%BDa" title="Astronomiýa – turkmeno" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Astronomiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomiya" title="Astronomiya – tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Astronomiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomij%C9%99" title="Astronomijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Astronomijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estronomi" title="Estronomi – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Estronomi" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi – turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Astronomi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyondzo-Tinyeleti" title="Dyondzo-Tinyeleti – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Dyondzo-Tinyeleti" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономия – tártaro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Астрономия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tártaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="ئاسترونومىيە – uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئاسترونومىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Астрономія – ucraíno" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Астрономія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraíno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="فلکیات – urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فلکیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomiya" title="Astronomiya – uzbeko" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Astronomiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomia" title="Astronomia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Astronomia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomii" title="Astronomii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Astronomii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi%C3%AAn_v%C4%83n_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Thiên văn học – vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thiên văn học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomie" title="Astronomie – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Astronomie" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stelav" title="Stelav – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Stelav" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomeye" title="Astronomeye – valón" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Astronomeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomiya" title="Astronomiya – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Astronomiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saytubiddiw" title="Saytubiddiw – wólof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Saytubiddiw" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wólof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="天文學 – chinés wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="天文學" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chinés wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IAstronomi" title="IAstronomi – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IAstronomi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ასტრონომია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ასტრონომია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A2" title="אסטראנאמיע – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אסטראנאמיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ct%C3%B2r%C3%A0w%E1%BB%8D%CC%80" title="Ìtòràwọ̀ – ioruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìtòràwọ̀" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ioruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denhvwnz" title="Denhvwnz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Denhvwnz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staerrekunde" title="Staerrekunde – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Staerrekunde" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="天文學 – chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="天文學" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="天文學 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="天文學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thian-b%C3%BBn-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Thian-bûn-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thian-bûn-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="天文學 – cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="天文學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izinkanyezi" title="Izinkanyezi – zulú" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Izinkanyezi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q333#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar as ligazóns interlingüísticas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar as ligazóns</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espazos de nomes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover á barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">agochar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-03-1000" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Lista_de_artigos_que_toda_Wikipedia_deber%C3%ADa_ter" title="Este é un dos 1000 artigos que toda Wikipedia debería ter"><img alt="Este é un dos 1000 artigos que toda Wikipedia debería ter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/AD_%2B30.svg/22px-AD_%2B30.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/AD_%2B30.svg/33px-AD_%2B30.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/AD_%2B30.svg/44px-AD_%2B30.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="10" data-file-height="10" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-04-1000_artigos_icona_título" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikiproxecto_1000_artigos_de_calidade_para_alumnado_de_12_a_16_anos" title="1000 12/16"><img alt="1000 12/16" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/19px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/28px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/38px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="794" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Na Galipedia, a Wikipedia en galego.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="gl" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Hubble_Space_Telescope_(27946391011).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Hubble_Space_Telescope_%2827946391011%29.jpg/220px-Hubble_Space_Telescope_%2827946391011%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Hubble_Space_Telescope_%2827946391011%29.jpg/330px-Hubble_Space_Telescope_%2827946391011%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Hubble_Space_Telescope_%2827946391011%29.jpg/440px-Hubble_Space_Telescope_%2827946391011%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1020" /></a><figcaption>O <a href="/wiki/Telescopio_Hubble" title="Telescopio Hubble">Hubble</a>: telescopio situado fóra da atmosfera que observa obxectos celestes. As súas marabillosas imaxes asombraron o mundo. É a icona da astronomía moderna.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:DSCN6149_Effelsberg_totale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/DSCN6149_Effelsberg_totale.jpg/220px-DSCN6149_Effelsberg_totale.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/DSCN6149_Effelsberg_totale.jpg/330px-DSCN6149_Effelsberg_totale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/DSCN6149_Effelsberg_totale.jpg/440px-DSCN6149_Effelsberg_totale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1377" data-file-height="1743" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Radiotelescopio" title="Radiotelescopio">Radiotelescopio</a>, Effelsberg, Alemaña</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>astronomía</b>, do <a href="/wiki/Lingua_grega_antiga" title="Lingua grega antiga">grego</a> ἀστρονομία, que significa <a href="/wiki/Etimolox%C3%ADa" title="Etimoloxía">etimoloxicamente</a> "as regras das estrelas" ou astro-nomos, é a <a href="/wiki/Ciencias_naturais" title="Ciencias naturais">ciencia natural</a> que estuda a orixe, evolución e eventos dos <a href="/wiki/Obxecto_astron%C3%B3mico" title="Obxecto astronómico">obxectos celestes</a>; para o cal fai uso das <a href="/wiki/Matem%C3%A1ticas" title="Matemáticas">matemáticas</a>, a <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">física</a> e a <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Química">química</a>. O obxectos celestes de interese inclúen <a href="/wiki/Planeta" title="Planeta">planetas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sat%C3%A9lite" title="Satélite">satélites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estrela_(astronom%C3%ADa)" title="Estrela (astronomía)">estrelas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nebulosa" title="Nebulosa">nebulosas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galaxia" title="Galaxia">galaxias</a> e <a href="/wiki/Cometa" title="Cometa">cometas</a>. Eventos relevantes abarcan explosións de <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernovas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gromos_de_raios_gamma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gromos de raios gamma (a páxina aínda non existe)">gromos de raios gamma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A1sar" title="Quásar">quasars</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blazar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blazar (a páxina aínda non existe)">blazars</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%BAlsar" title="Púlsar">púlsares</a> e a <a href="/wiki/Radiaci%C3%B3n_de_fondo_c%C3%B3smico_de_microondas" title="Radiación de fondo cósmico de microondas">radiación de fondo cósmico de microondas</a>. Nun sentido máis amplo, a astronomía estuda calquera obxecto ou evento orixinado fóra da <a href="/wiki/Atmosfera_terrestre" title="Atmosfera terrestre">atmosfera terrestre</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Cosmolox%C3%ADa" title="Cosmoloxía">cosmoloxía</a> é unha rama da astronomía que estuda o <a href="/wiki/Universo" title="Universo">universo</a> como un todo.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A astronomía é unha das ciencias máis antigas. As civilizacións máis temperás das que se teñen rexistros históricos facían observacións metódicas do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceo_nocturno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ceo nocturno (a páxina aínda non existe)">ceo nocturno</a>. Entre elas están a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_babil%C3%B3nica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía babilónica (a páxina aínda non existe)">babilónica</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_grega&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía grega (a páxina aínda non existe)">grega</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_india&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía india (a páxina aínda non existe)">india</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_exipcia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía exipcia (a páxina aínda non existe)">exipcia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronom%C3%ADa_chinesa" title="Astronomía chinesa">chinesa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civilizaci%C3%B3n_maia" title="Civilización maia">maia</a> e moitas dos <a href="/wiki/Pobos_ind%C3%ADxenas_de_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Pobos indíxenas de América">pobos indíxenas de América</a>. No pasado, a astronomía incluía disciplinas tan diversas coma a <a href="/wiki/Astrometr%C3%ADa" title="Astrometría">astrometría</a>, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Navegaci%C3%B3n_astron%C3%B3mica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navegación astronómica (a páxina aínda non existe)">navegación astronómica</a>, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_de_observaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía de observación (a páxina aínda non existe)">astronomía de observación</a>, e a elaboración de <a href="/wiki/Calendario" title="Calendario">calendarios</a>. Despois de comprender que os elementos que forman os obxectos celestes son os mesmos que conforman a Terra, e que as leis da física se aplican do mesmo xeito, naceu a <a href="/wiki/Astrof%C3%ADsica" title="Astrofísica">astrofísica</a> como unha aplicación da física ós fenómenos observados pola astronomía. Hoxe en día é frecuente dicir que a astronomía profesional é o mesmo cá <a href="/wiki/Astrof%C3%ADsica" title="Astrofísica">astrofísica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> Os astrónomos necesitan unha gran preparación en física, e as observacións fanse sempre nun contexto astrofísico, estando ligados con frecuencia ambos os campos. </p><p>A astronomía profesional comprende as ramas de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_de_observaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía de observación (a páxina aínda non existe)">astronomía de observación</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_te%C3%B3rica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía teórica (a páxina aínda non existe)">astronomía teórica</a>. A astronomía de observación céntrase na recollida de datos por medio de observacións dos obxectos astronómicos. Estes datos son posteriormente analizados usando os principios básicos da física. A astronomía teórica oriéntase cara ao desenvolvemento de modelos computacionais ou analíticos para describir os obxectos astronómicos e os eventos. Estes dous campos compleméntanse entre si: a astronomía teórica busca explicar os resultados da observación, e as observacións úsanse para confirmar resultados teóricos. </p><p>A astronomía é unha das poucas ciencias na que hoxe en día os afeccionados aínda teñen un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciencia_cidad%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciencia cidadá (a páxina aínda non existe)">papel activo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Isto é especialmente certo para o descubrimento e observación de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evento_astron%C3%B3mico_transitorio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evento astronómico transitorio (a páxina aínda non existe)">eventos astronómicos transitorios</a>. Os <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_amadora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía amadora (a páxina aínda non existe)">astrónomos afeccionados</a> axudaron con moitos achados importantes de obxectos transeúntes, especialmente cometas, e na observación e seguimento da variabilidade das estrelas. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimoloxía"><span id="Etimolox.C3.ADa"></span>Etimoloxía</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar a sección: «Etimoloxía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Etimoloxía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Etimoloxicamente, a palabra "astronomía" provén do <a href="/wiki/Lingua_latina" title="Lingua latina">latín</a> <i>astronomĭa</i>, que á súa vez provén do <a href="/wiki/Lingua_grega" title="Lingua grega">grego</a> <i>αστρονομία</i> ('astronomía' composto por <i>άστρον</i> 'astron' «estrela» e seguido de <i>νόμος</i> 'nomos' «regra, norma»). A maior parte das ciencias utilizan o sufixo grego <i>λογία</i> ('logía' «tratado, estudo»), por exemplo <a href="/wiki/Cosmolox%C3%ADa" title="Cosmoloxía">cosmoloxía</a> e <a href="/wiki/Biolox%C3%ADa" title="Bioloxía">bioloxía</a>. De feito, "astronomía" debía propiamente chamarse "<a href="/wiki/Astrolox%C3%ADa" title="Astroloxía">astroloxía</a>", pero esta denominación foi usurpada pola <a href="/wiki/Pseudociencia" title="Pseudociencia">pseudociencia</a> que afirma que os asuntos humanos están correlacionados coas posicións dos corpos celeestes.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> Por iso non debe confundirse a astronomía coa astroloxía. Aínda que ambas comparten unha orixe común, son moi diferentes.<sup id="cite_ref-new_cosmos_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new_cosmos-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> Mentres que a astronomía é unha <a href="/wiki/Ciencia" title="Ciencia">ciencia</a> estudada a través do <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9todo_cient%C3%ADfico" title="Método científico">método científico</a>, a astroloxía moderna é unha pseudociencia que segue un sistema de crenzas non probadas ou abertamente erróneas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uso_dos_termos_"astronomía"_e_"astrofísica""><span id="Uso_dos_termos_.22astronom.C3.ADa.22_e_.22astrof.C3.ADsica.22"></span>Uso dos termos "astronomía" e "astrofísica"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar a sección: «Uso dos termos "astronomía" e "astrofísica"»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Uso dos termos "astronomía" e "astrofísica""><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Astronomía" e "astrofísica" son sinónimos.<sup id="cite_ref-scharrinhausen_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scharrinhausen-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-odenwald_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odenwald-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pennstateerie_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pennstateerie-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> Baseándose nas definicións estritas do dicionario, "astronomía" é a <i>ciencia que estuda os astros, a súa formación, evolución etc., e o espazo en que se moven</i>, mentres que a "astrofísica" é a <i>parte da astronomía que estuda a natureza física dos astros</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> Algúns autores, como <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Shu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Shu (a páxina aínda non existe)">Frank Shu</a>, diferencian a "astronomía", para describir o estudo cualitativo da disciplina, da "astrofísica", para describir a versión da disciplina orientada á física.<sup id="cite_ref-shu1982_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shu1982-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> Porén, xa que a maioría das investigacións astronómicas modernas tratan temas relacionados coa física, a astronomía moderna pode realmente ser chamada astrofísica.<sup id="cite_ref-scharrinhausen_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scharrinhausen-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> En departamentos nos que os científicos levan a cabo investigacións en campos que son astronomía pura e non astrofísica, como a astrometría, poden usarse ambos termos diferenciadamente. Isto en parte dependerá de se o departamento está historicamente afiliado cun departamento de física,<sup id="cite_ref-odenwald_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odenwald-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> e de se os astrónomos profesionais teñen graos de astronomía máis ca graos de física.<sup id="cite_ref-pennstateerie_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pennstateerie-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> As principais revistas desta materia inclúen nos seus nomes ambos termos, como, por exemplo, <i>The Astronomical Journal</i>, <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, e <i>Astronomy & Astrophysics</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar a sección: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Historia"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Justus_Sustermans_-_Portrait_of_Galileo_Galilei,_1636.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Justus_Sustermans_-_Portrait_of_Galileo_Galilei%2C_1636.jpg/200px-Justus_Sustermans_-_Portrait_of_Galileo_Galilei%2C_1636.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Justus_Sustermans_-_Portrait_of_Galileo_Galilei%2C_1636.jpg/300px-Justus_Sustermans_-_Portrait_of_Galileo_Galilei%2C_1636.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Justus_Sustermans_-_Portrait_of_Galileo_Galilei%2C_1636.jpg/400px-Justus_Sustermans_-_Portrait_of_Galileo_Galilei%2C_1636.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="3176" /></a><figcaption>Retrato de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Justus_Sustermans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Justus Sustermans (a páxina aínda non existe)">Justus Sustermans</a> do pai da astronomía moderna, <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a>, portando un <a href="/wiki/Telescopio" title="Telescopio">telescopio</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A astronomía divídese de forma tradicional en dous grandes períodos ou etapas: a Astronomía antiga (dende a prehistoria ata <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a>) e a Astronomía científica moderna (dende <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> ata a actualidade). Sendo a elección do punto de división o establecemento do sistema de referencia heliocéntrico. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Astronomía_antiga"><span id="Astronom.C3.ADa_antiga"></span>Astronomía antiga</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar a sección: «Astronomía antiga»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Astronomía antiga"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nos primeiros tempos da historia, a astronomía supuña só a observación e a predición dos movementos dos obxectos identificables a ollo nu (sen instrumentos). Nalgúns lugares, as primeiras culturas construíron grandes artefactos que posiblemente tiñan obxectivos astronómicos. Ademais do uso cerimonial, estes <a href="/wiki/Observatorio" title="Observatorio">observatorios</a> podían empregarse para determinar as estación, un factor importante para saber cando sementar e entender a lonxitude do ano.<sup id="cite_ref-history_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Antes do desenvolvemento de ferramentas como o telescopio, o estudo das estrelas facíase a simple vista. As civilizacións desenvolvidas, especialmente <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_babilonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía babilonia (a páxina aínda non existe)">Mesopotamia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_grega&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía grega (a páxina aínda non existe)">Grecia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_no_islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía no islam (a páxina aínda non existe)">Persia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_india&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía india (a páxina aínda non existe)">India</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Astronom%C3%ADa_chinesa" title="Astronomía chinesa">China</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_exipcia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía exipcia (a páxina aínda non existe)">Exipto</a> e América Central, comezaron a desenvolverse ideas sobre a natureza do <a href="/wiki/Universo" title="Universo">Universo</a>. Destas observacións xurdiron as primeiras ideas sobre o movemento dos planetas, ciencia agora chamada <a href="/wiki/Astrometr%C3%ADa" title="Astrometría">astrometría</a>. Críase que a <a href="/wiki/Terra" title="Terra">Terra</a> era o centro do Universo, e que o <a href="/wiki/Sol" title="Sol">Sol</a>, a <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BAa" title="Lúa">Lúa</a> e as estrelas xiraba ao seu arredor (<a href="/wiki/Modelo_xeoc%C3%A9ntrico" class="mw-redirect" title="Modelo xeocéntrico">modelo xeocéntrico</a> ou tolemaico.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> Os astrónomos eran polo común tamén cregos, e críase que os fenómenos celestes tiñan unha influencia oculta nos sucesos na Terra (<a href="/wiki/Astrolox%C3%ADa" title="Astroloxía">astroloxía</a>, de astro-logos ou a razón dos astros), sendo o traballo máis importante o establecemento e mantemento do <a href="/wiki/Calendario" title="Calendario">calendario</a>. </p><p>Os gregos fixeron importantes contribucións á astronomía, pero o progreso detívose case por completo na <a href="/wiki/Idade_Media" title="Idade Media">Idade Media</a>, excepto polo traballo dalgúns astrónomos (en particular, <a href="/wiki/Musulm%C3%A1n" title="Musulmán">musulmáns</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kennedy-1962_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kennedy-1962-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Micheau-992-3_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Micheau-992-3-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup>) ou con achegas como as de <a href="/wiki/Afonso_X_o_Sabio" title="Afonso X o Sabio">Afonso X o Sabio</a> coas súas <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A1boas_alfons%C3%ADs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Táboas alfonsís (a páxina aínda non existe)">táboas alfonsís</a> ou os tratados de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcabitius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alcabitius (a páxina aínda non existe)">Alcabitius</a>. </p><p>Ao final do século X construíuse un grande observatorio preto de <a href="/wiki/Teher%C3%A1n" title="Teherán">Teherán</a> polo astrónomo persa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu-Mahmud_Khojandi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu-Mahmud Khojandi (a páxina aínda non existe)">Abu-Mahmud Khojandi</a>, quen observou unha serie de pasos meridianos do Sol, o que lle permitiu calcular a <a href="/wiki/Oblicuidade_da_ecl%C3%ADptica" title="Oblicuidade da eclíptica">oblicuidade da eclíptica</a>. Tamén en Persia, <a href="/wiki/Omar_Khayyam" title="Omar Khayyam">Omar Khayyam</a> elaborou a reforma do calendario. No final do século IX, o persa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Farghani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Farghani (a páxina aínda non existe)">Al-Farghani</a> escribiu amplamente sobre o movemento dos corpos celestes. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abraham_Zacuto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abraham Zacuto (a páxina aínda non existe)">Abraham Zacuto</a> foi o responsable no século XV de adaptar as teorías astronómicas coñecidas para a navegación da mariña portuguesa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revolución_científica"><span id="Revoluci.C3.B3n_cient.C3.ADfica"></span>Revolución científica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar a sección: «Revolución científica»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Revolución científica"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Durante o <a href="/wiki/Renacemento" title="Renacemento">Renacemento</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicolao_Cop%C3%A9rnico" title="Nicolao Copérnico">Nicolao Copérnico</a> propuxo un modelo heliocéntrico do sistema solar. A súa obra foi defendida por <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> e expandida por <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a>, primeiro que desenvolveu un sistema que describía correctamente os detalles do movemento dos planetas arredor do sol. Porén, Kepler non tivo éxito en formular unha teoría alén das leis que escribiu<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> e foi <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>, coa invención da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Din%C3%A1mica_celeste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinámica celeste (a páxina aínda non existe)">dinámica celeste</a> e a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lei_da_gravitaci%C3%B3n_univeral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lei da gravitación univeral (a páxina aínda non existe)">lei da gravitación univeral</a> quen finalmente explicou os movementos dos planetas. Tamén desenvolveu o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescopio_de_reflexi%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telescopio de reflexión (a páxina aínda non existe)">telescopio de reflexión</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-f58-64_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f58-64-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As melloras no tamaño e a calidade do telescopio levou a maiores descubrimentos. O astrónomo inglés <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Flamsteed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Flamsteed (a páxina aínda non existe)">John Flamsteed</a> catalogou máis de 3000 estrelas,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> catálogo ampliado por <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Louis_de_Lacaille" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas Louis de Lacaille">Nicolas Louis de Lacaille</a>. O astrónomo <a href="/wiki/William_Herschel" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a> fixo un catálogo detallado de galaxias e en 1781 descrubiu o planeta <a href="/wiki/Urano" title="Urano">Urano</a>, primeiro novo planeta descuberto.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Durante os séculox XVIII e XIX, o estudo do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Problema_dos_tres_corpos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Problema dos tres corpos (a páxina aínda non existe)">problema dos tres corpos</a> por parte de <a href="/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler">Leonhard Euler</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_Claude_Clairaut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexis Claude Clairaut (a páxina aínda non existe)">Alexis Claude Clairaut</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jean_le_Rond_d%27Alembert" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean le Rond d'Alembert">Jean le Rond d'Alembert</a> levou a predicións máis exactas dos movementos da Lúa e os planetas. Este traballo foi refinado por <a href="/wiki/Joseph-Louis_Lagrange" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph-Louis Lagrange">Joseph-Louis Lagrange</a> e <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Simon_Laplace" title="Pierre Simon Laplace">Pierre Simon Laplace</a>, facendo posible estimar as masas dos corpos a partir das súas perturbacións.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Coa introdución de novas tecnoloxías como o <a href="/wiki/Espectroscopio" class="mw-redirect" title="Espectroscopio">espectroscopio</a> e a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrofotograf%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astrofotografía (a páxina aínda non existe)">fotografía</a> chegaron grandes avances na astronomía. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_von_Fraunhofer" title="Joseph von Fraunhofer">Joseph von Fraunhofer</a> descubriu unhas 600 bandas no espectro do Sol en 1814–15, que, en 1859, <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Kirchhoff" title="Gustav Kirchhoff">Gustav Kirchhoff</a> xustificou coa presenza de diferentes elementos. Probouse que as estrelas eran similares ao Sol, mais cun amplo rango de temperaturas, masas e tamaños.<sup id="cite_ref-short_history_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-short_history-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O ano <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a> foi declarado polas <a href="/wiki/Naci%C3%B3ns_Unidas" class="mw-redirect" title="Nacións Unidas">Nacións Unidas</a> como <b>Ano Internacional da Astronomía</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> en conmemoración do momento no que Galileo Galilei comezou o estudo dos astros co telescopio, 400 anos antes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Astronomía_observacional"><span id="Astronom.C3.ADa_observacional"></span>Astronomía observacional</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar a sección: «Astronomía observacional»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Astronomía observacional"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:In_Search_of_Space.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/In_Search_of_Space.jpg/250px-In_Search_of_Space.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/In_Search_of_Space.jpg/375px-In_Search_of_Space.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/In_Search_of_Space.jpg/500px-In_Search_of_Space.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="1174" /></a><figcaption>Observatorio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atacama_Large_Milimeter_Array&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atacama Large Milimeter Array (a páxina aínda non existe)">ALMA</a> no <a href="/wiki/Deserto_de_Atacama" title="Deserto de Atacama">deserto de Atacama</a> en <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>. As súas antenas traballan nun rango de ondas comprendidas entre as infravermellas e as de radio.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_observacional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía observacional (a páxina aínda non existe)">astronomía observacional</a> encárgase de recompilar e almacenar a información sobre o <a href="/wiki/Universo_observable" title="Universo observable">universo observable</a>, en contraste coa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_te%C3%B3rica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía teórica (a páxina aínda non existe)">astronomía teórica</a>, que se ocupa principalmente de calcular as implicacións medibles dos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Modelo_f%C3%ADsico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modelo físico (a páxina aínda non existe)">modelos físicos</a>. Esta é a práctica e o estudo da observación de <a href="/wiki/Corpo_celeste" class="mw-redirect" title="Corpo celeste">corpos celestes</a> por medio do uso de <a href="/wiki/Telescopio" title="Telescopio">telescopios</a> e outros instrumentos astronómicos. </p><p>En astronomía, obtense información de xeito principal da detección e análise da <a href="/wiki/Radiaci%C3%B3n_electromagn%C3%A9tica" title="Radiación electromagnética">radiación electromagnética</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> Unha división tradicional da astronomía dáse polas rexións do <a href="/wiki/Espectro_electromagn%C3%A9tico" title="Espectro electromagnético">espectro electromagnético</a> observadas: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_%C3%B3ptica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía óptica (a páxina aínda non existe)">Astronomía óptica</a>. Refírese ás técnicas usadas para detectar e analizar luz nas lonxitudes de onda que poden ser detectadas polo <a href="/wiki/Ollo" title="Ollo">ollo</a>, ou preto delas (arredor de 400 - 800 nm). Historicamente, a astronomía óptica ou astronomía visible é a forma máis antiga de astonomía.<sup id="cite_ref-moore1997_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moore1997-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_infravermella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía infravermella (a páxina aínda non existe)">Astronomía infravermella</a>. É o estudo das fontes astronómicas a partir da <a href="/wiki/Radiaci%C3%B3n_infravermella" title="Radiación infravermella">radiación infravermella</a> que emiten. Para iso emprégase a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Espectroscopia_infravermella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espectroscopia infravermella (a páxina aínda non existe)">espectroscopia infravermella</a>. Aínda que en xeral se denomina <a href="/wiki/Infravermella" class="mw-redirect" title="Infravermella">infravermella</a> a radiación electromagnética de lonxitude de onda máis longa que a da <a href="/wiki/Luz_visible" class="mw-redirect" title="Luz visible">luz visible</a> (400-700 nm) e máis curta que a da radiación de terahertzios (100-1000 μm) ou as <a href="/wiki/Microondas" title="Microondas">microondas</a> (1-1000 mm), en astronomía adoita considerarse como infravermello o rango entre 1 e 1000 micrómetros.</li> <li>A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioastronom%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radioastronomía (a páxina aínda non existe)">radioastronomía</a> usa técnicas moi diferentes: para detectar radiación con lonxitudes de onda de mm a cm, os receptores son semellantes aos usados en radiodifusión (que usa radiación nesas lonxitudes de onda).<sup id="cite_ref-cox2000_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cox2000-25"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_ultravioleta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía ultravioleta (a páxina aínda non existe)">astronomía ultravioleta</a> emprega lonxitudes de onde <a href="/wiki/Ultravioleta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultravioleta">ultravioletas</a> entre aproximadamente 100 e 3200 Å (de 10 a 320 nm).<sup id="cite_ref-cox2000_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cox2000-25"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup> A luz a estás lonxitudes de onda é absorbida pola atmosfera terrestre, requirindo que as observacións sexan realizadas dende a parte alta da atmosfera ou dende o espazo.</li> <li>A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_de_raios_X&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía de raios X (a páxina aínda non existe)">astronomía de raios X</a> usa <a href="/wiki/Raios_X" title="Raios X">radiación X</a>. Tipicamente, os raios X producen emisión por sincrotóns, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bremsstrahlung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bremsstrahlung (a páxina aínda non existe)">Bremsstrahlung</a> sobre 10<sup>7</sup> <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">kelvin</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radaci%C3%B3n_de_corpos_negros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radación de corpos negros (a páxina aínda non existe)">radación de corpos negros</a> sobre 10<sup>7</sup> kelvin.<sup id="cite_ref-cox2000_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cox2000-25"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_de_raios_gamma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía de raios gamma (a páxina aínda non existe)">astronomía de raios gamma</a> observa obxectos astronómicos nas lonxitudes de onda máis curtas do espectro electromagnético. Os raios gamma poden observarse directamente por satélites como o <a href="/wiki/Compton_Gamma_Ray_Observatory" title="Compton Gamma Ray Observatory">Compton Gamma Ray Observatory</a> ou por telescopios especializados chamados <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescopio_atmosf%C3%A9rico_Cherenkov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telescopio atmosférico Cherenkov (a páxina aínda non existe)">telescopios atmosféricos Cherenkov</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cox2000_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cox2000-25"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>A astronomía óptica e a de radio poden realizarse usando observatorios terrestres, porque a <a href="/wiki/Atmosfera_terrestre" title="Atmosfera terrestre">atmosfera</a> é transparente nesas lonxitudes de onda. A luz infravermella é absorbida con facilidade polo <a href="/wiki/Vapor_de_auga" title="Vapor de auga">vapor de auga</a>, así que os observatorios de infravermellos deben establecerse en lugares altos e secos. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Uvsun_trace_big.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Uvsun_trace_big.jpg/200px-Uvsun_trace_big.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Uvsun_trace_big.jpg/300px-Uvsun_trace_big.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Uvsun_trace_big.jpg/400px-Uvsun_trace_big.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Imaxe ultravioleta da actividade da <a href="/wiki/Fotosfera" title="Fotosfera">fotosfera</a> <a href="/wiki/Sol" title="Sol">solar</a> (<a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>En <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_de_raios_X&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía de raios X (a páxina aínda non existe)">astronomía de raios X</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_de_raios_gamma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía de raios gamma (a páxina aínda non existe)">astronomía de raios gamma</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_ultravioleta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía ultravioleta (a páxina aínda non existe)">astronomía ultravioleta</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_do_infravermello_afastado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía do infravermello afastado (a páxina aínda non existe)">astronomía do infravermello afastado</a> pódense facer observacións só dende globos aerostáticos ou <a href="/wiki/Observatorio_espacial" title="Observatorio espacial">observatorios espaciais</a>. </p><p>Todas estas disciplinas anteriores están baseadas na detección de <a href="/wiki/Fot%C3%B3n" title="Fotón">fotóns</a>, pero tamén podemos recibir información desde fóra da Terra transportada polos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raios_c%C3%B3smicos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raios cósmicos (a páxina aínda non existe)">raios cósmicos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">neutrinos</a>, e, nun futuro próximo, <a href="/wiki/Gravit%C3%B3n" title="Gravitón">gravitóns</a> (ver <a href="/w/index.php?title=LIGO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LIGO (a páxina aínda non existe)">LIGO</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Astronomía_teórica"><span id="Astronom.C3.ADa_te.C3.B3rica"></span>Astronomía teórica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar a sección: «Astronomía teórica»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Astronomía teórica"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Os astrónomos teóricos empregan unha gran variedade de ferramentas como modelos matemáticos analíticos e simulacións numéricas por computadora. Cada un ten as súas vantaxes. Os modelos analíticos dun proceso polo xeral son mellores porque chegan ao núcleo do problema e explican mellor o que está a suceder. Os modelos numéricos poden revelar a existencia de fenómenos e efectos que doutro xeito non se verían.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Os teóricos da astronomía esfórzanse en crear modelos teóricos e imaxinar as consecuencias observacionais destes modelos. Isto axuda os observadores a procurar datos que poidan refutar un modelo ou permitan escoller entre varios modelos alternativos ou mesmo contraditorios. Tamén intentan xerar ou modificar modelos para conseguir novos datos. No caso dunha inconsistencia, a tendencia xeral é tratar de facer modificacións mínimas ao modelo para que se corresponda cos datos. Nalgúns casos, unha gran cantidade de datos inconsistentes a través do tempo pode levar ao abandono total dun modelo. </p><p>Os temas estudados polos astrónomos teóricos inclúen a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Din%C3%A1mica_estelar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinámica estelar (a páxina aínda non existe)">dinámica</a> e a <a href="/wiki/Evoluci%C3%B3n_estelar" title="Evolución estelar">evolución estelar</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Formaci%C3%B3n_e_evoluci%C3%B3n_das_galaxias" title="Formación e evolución das galaxias">formación e evolución das galaxias</a>, a orixe dos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raio_c%C3%B3smico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raio cósmico (a páxina aínda non existe)">raios cósmicos</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Relatividade_xeral" title="Relatividade xeral">relatividade xeral</a> e a <a href="/wiki/Cosmolox%C3%ADa_f%C3%ADsica" title="Cosmoloxía física">cosmoloxía física</a>, incluíndo a <a href="/wiki/Teor%C3%ADa_de_cordas" title="Teoría de cordas">teoría de cordas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campos_específicos"><span id="Campos_espec.C3.ADficos"></span>Campos específicos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editar a sección: «Campos específicos»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Campos específicos"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrof%C3%ADsica" title="Astrofísica">Astrofísica</a>: rama da astronomía que emprega os principios da física e da <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Química">química</a> para descubrir a natureza dos obxectos astronómicos, máis que a súa posición ou movemento no espazo.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astroqu%C3%ADmica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astroquímica (a páxina aínda non existe)">Astroquímica</a>: estudo da abundancia e das reaccións das <a href="/wiki/Mol%C3%A9cula" title="Molécula">moléculas</a> no Universo e a súa interacción coa <a href="/wiki/Radiaci%C3%B3n" title="Radiación">radiación</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiolox%C3%ADa" title="Astrobioloxía">Astrobioloxía</a>: campo interdisciplinar que estuda a orixe, evolución, distribución e futuro da <a href="/wiki/Vida" title="Vida">vida</a> no universo. Trata sobre a pregunta de se existe <a href="/wiki/Vida_extraterrestre" title="Vida extraterrestre">vida extraterrestre</a> e de ser así, como detectala.<sup id="cite_ref-about_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-31"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmolox%C3%ADa" title="Cosmoloxía">Cosmoloxía</a>: do grego κόσμος (<i>kosmos</i>) "mundo, universo" e λόγος (<i>logos</i>) "palabra, estudo", pode considerarse o estudo do <a href="/wiki/Universo" title="Universo">Universo</a> como un todo.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_gal%C3%A1ctica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía galáctica (a páxina aínda non existe)">Astronomía galáctica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_extragal%C3%A1ctica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía extragaláctica (a páxina aínda non existe)">Astronomía extragaláctica</a>: o estudo de obxectos fóra da nosa galaxia é unha rama da astronomía que estuda a <a href="/wiki/Formaci%C3%B3n_e_evoluci%C3%B3n_das_galaxias" title="Formación e evolución das galaxias">formación e evolución das galaxias</a>, a súa morfoloxía e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clasificaci%C3%B3n_das_galaxias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clasificación das galaxias (a páxina aínda non existe)">clasificación</a>, a observación de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galaxia_activa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galaxia activa (a páxina aínda non existe)">galaxias activas</a> e a maior escala, os grupos de galaxias.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa_estelar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astronomía estelar (a páxina aínda non existe)">Astronomía estelar</a>: o esudo das estrelas, a súa <a href="/wiki/Formaci%C3%B3n_estelar" title="Formación estelar">formación</a> e <a href="/wiki/Evoluci%C3%B3n_estelar" title="Evolución estelar">evolución</a> é fundamental para entender o universo. A astrofísica das estrelas foi determinada mediante a observación e por simulacións por computador.<sup id="cite_ref-Amos7_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amos7-32"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetolox%C3%ADa" title="Planetoloxía">Planetoloxía</a>: O estudo dos <a href="/wiki/Planeta" title="Planeta">planetas</a> do noso <a href="/wiki/Sistema_solar" title="Sistema solar">sistema solar</a> foi en tempos recentes considerada unha disciplina separada. O <a href="/wiki/Sistema_Solar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistema Solar">Sistema Solar</a> foi relativamente ben estudado, mediante telescopios e naves espaciais, que proporcionaron un bo coñecemento da súa formación e evolución, mais aínda se fan novos descubrimentos.<sup id="cite_ref-geology_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geology-33"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astron%C3%A1utica" title="Astronáutica">Astronáutica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrodin%C3%A1mica" title="Astrodinámica">Astrodinámica</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Astrónomos"><span id="Astr.C3.B3nomos"></span>Astrónomos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editar a sección: «Astrónomos»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Astrónomos"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td width="35%" valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriaan_van_Maanen" title="Adriaan van Maanen">Adriaan van Maanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Hale" title="Alan Hale">Alan Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_Claude_Clairault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexis Claude Clairault (a páxina aínda non existe)">Alexis Claude Clairault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaximandro_de_Mileto" title="Anaximandro de Mileto">Anaximandro de Mileto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon" title="Annie Jump Cannon">Annie Jump Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Antony Hewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apolonio_de_Perge" title="Apolonio de Perge">Apolonio de Perge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Stanley_Eddington" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Stanley Eddington">Arthur Stanley Eddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss">Carl Friedrich Gauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan" title="Carl Sagan">Carl Sagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Lucretia_Herschel" title="Caroline Lucretia Herschel">Caroline Lucretia Herschel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caterina_Scarpellini_Fabri" class="mw-redirect" title="Caterina Scarpellini Fabri">Caterina Scarpellini Fabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Payne-Gaposchkin" title="Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin">Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens" title="Christiaan Huygens">Christiaan Huygens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_R._Altschuler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel R. Altschuler (a páxina aínda non existe)">Daniel R. Altschuler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Halley" title="Edmond Halley">Edmond Halley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89douard_Jean-Marie_Stephan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Édouard Jean-Marie Stephan (a páxina aínda non existe)">Édouard Stephan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble">Edwin Hubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erat%C3%B3stenes" title="Eratóstenes">Eratóstenes</a></li></ul> </td> <td width="35%" valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eudoxo_de_Cnido" title="Eudoxo de Cnido">Eudoxo de Cnido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_du_Pierry" title="Louise du Pierry">Felicite du Pierry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bessel" title="Friedrich Bessel">Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Georg_Wilhelm_von_Struve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve (a páxina aínda non existe)">Friedrich G. W. von Struve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghiy%C4%81th_al-D%C4%ABn_Jamsh%C4%ABd_ibn_Mas%CA%BE%C5%ABd_al-K%C4%81sh%C4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghiyāth al-Dīn Jamshīd ibn Masʾūd al-Kāshī (a páxina aínda non existe)">Al-Kashi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Domenico_Cassini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Domenico Cassini (a páxina aínda non existe)">Giovanni Domenico Cassini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Piazzi" title="Giuseppe Piazzi">Giuseppe Piazzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Olbers" title="Heinrich Olbers">Heinrich Olbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiparco" title="Hiparco">Hiparco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hortense_Lepaute" class="mw-redirect" title="Hortense Lepaute">Hortense Lepaute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Taylor" title="Janet Taylor">Janet Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Le_Rond_d%27Alembert" title="Jean Le Rond d'Alembert">Jean Le Rond d'Alembert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Dum%C3%A9e" title="Jeanne Dumée">Jeanne Dumée</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Karl_Friedrich_Z%C3%B6llner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Karl Friedrich Zöllner (a páxina aínda non existe)">Johann Karl Friedrich Zöllner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Herschel" title="John Herschel">John Herschel</a></li></ul> </td> <td width="35%" valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josep_Comas_i_Sol%C3%A0" title="Josep Comas i Solà">Josep Comas i Solà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Louis_Lagrange" title="Joseph Louis Lagrange">Joseph Louis Lagrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler">Leonhard Paul Euler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Cunitz" title="Maria Cunitz">Maria Cunitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Margaret_Kirch" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Margaret Kirch">Maria Margaret Kirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Mitchell" title="Maria Mitchell">Maria Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Martin Ryle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolao_Cop%C3%A9rnico" title="Nicolao Copérnico">Nicolao Copérnico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Wilhelm_von_Struve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Wilhelm von Struve (a páxina aínda non existe)">O. W. von Struve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Simon_Laplace" title="Pierre Simon Laplace">Pierre Simon Laplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolomeo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolomeo">Tolomeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Mar%C3%ADa_Aller" title="Ramón María Aller">Ramón María Aller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_C._Gilman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert C. Gilman (a páxina aínda non existe)">Robert C. Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Brahe" title="Sophia Brahe">Sophia Brahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Herschel" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamina_Fleming" title="Williamina Fleming">Williamina Fleming</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modelos_e_teorías"><span id="Modelos_e_teor.C3.ADas"></span>Modelos e teorías</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editar a sección: «Modelos e teorías»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Modelos e teorías"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmolox%C3%ADa" title="Cosmoloxía">Cosmoloxía</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modelo_estacionario&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modelo estacionario (a páxina aínda non existe)">Modelo estacionario</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modelo_inflacionista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modelo inflacionista (a páxina aínda non existe)">Modelo inflacionista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helioc%C3%A9ntrico" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliocéntrico">Heliocéntrico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeoc%C3%A9ntrico" class="mw-redirect" title="Xeocéntrico">Xeocéntrico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big-bang" title="Big-bang">Big-bang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constante_de_Hubble" title="Constante de Hubble">Constante de Hubble</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravitaci%C3%B3n_universal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gravitación universal (a páxina aínda non existe)">Gravitación universal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relatividade_xeral" title="Relatividade xeral">Relatividade xeral</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notas">Notas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Editar a sección: «Notas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&action=edit&section=11" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Notas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Unsöld">Unsöld & Baschek 2001</a>, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Unsöld">Unsöld & Baschek 2001</a>, pp. 6-9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Mims III, Forrest M. (1999). "Amateur Science—Strong Tradition, Bright Future". <i><a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">Science</a></i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span> <b>284</b> (5411): 55–56. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999Sci...284...55M">1999Sci...284...55M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.284.5411.55">10.1126/science.284.5411.55</a>. <q>Astronomy has traditionally been among the most fertile fields for serious amateurs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAstronom%C3a&rft.atitle=Amateur+Science%94Strong+Tradition%2C+Bright+Future&rft.aufirst=Forrest+M.&rft.aulast=Mims+III&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5411&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=55-56&rft.volume=284&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999Sci...284...55M&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.284.5411.55&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Losev, Alexandre (2012). "<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>Astronomy' or 'astrology': A brief history of an apparent confusion". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Astronomical_History_and_Heritage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage (a páxina aínda non existe)">Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage</a></i> <b>15</b> (1): 42. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JAHH...15...42L">2012JAHH...15...42L</a>. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/1006.5209">1006.5209</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAstronom%C3a&rft.atitle=%27Astronomy%27+or+%27astrology%27%3A+A+brief+history+of+an+apparent+confusion&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rft.aulast=Losev&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Astronomical+History+and+Heritage&rft.pages=42&rft.volume=15&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1006.5209&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012JAHH...15...42L&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-new_cosmos-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-new_cosmos_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Unsöld, Albrecht; Baschek, Bodo (2001). <i>The New Cosmos: An Introduction to Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. Translated by Brewer, W.D. Berlín, Nova York: Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-3-540-67877-9" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-3-540-67877-9">978-3-540-67877-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAstronom%C3a&rft.au=Baschek%2C+Bodo&rft.aufirst=Albrecht&rft.aulast=Uns%C3%B6ld&rft.btitle=The+New+Cosmos%3A+An+Introduction+to+Astronomy+and+Astrophysics&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-540-67877-9&rft.place=Berl%C3n%2C+Nova+York&rft.pub=Springer&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scharrinhausen-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-scharrinhausen_6-0">6,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-scharrinhausen_6-1">6,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Scharringhausen, B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070609102139/http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/question.php?number=30">"Curious About Astronomy: What is the difference between astronomy and astrophysics?"</a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/question.php?number=30">o orixinal</a> o 09 de xuño de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 20 de xaneiro de 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAstronom%C3a&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.aulast=Scharringhausen&rft.btitle=Curious+About+Astronomy%3A+What+is+the+difference+between+astronomy+and+astrophysics%3F&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcurious.astro.cornell.edu%2Fquestion.php%3Fnumber%3D30&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-odenwald-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-odenwald_7-0">7,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-odenwald_7-1">7,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Odenwald, Sten. The Astronomy Cafe, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070708092148/http://www.astronomycafe.net/qadir/q449.html">"Archive of Astronomy Questions and Answers: What is the difference between astronomy and astrophysics?"</a>. <i>astronomycafe.net</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronomycafe.net/qadir/q449.html">o orixinal</a> o 08 de xullo de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 20 de xaneiro de 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAstronom%C3a&rft.atitle=Archive+of+Astronomy+Questions+and+Answers%3A+What+is+the+difference+between+astronomy+and+astrophysics%3F&rft.aufirst=Sten&rft.aulast=Odenwald&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=astronomycafe.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronomycafe.net%2Fqadir%2Fq449.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pennstateerie-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pennstateerie_8-0">8,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pennstateerie_8-1">8,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071101100832/http://www.erie.psu.edu/academic/science/degrees/astronomy/astrophysics.htm">"Penn State Erie-School of Science-Astronomy and Astrophysics"</a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erie.psu.edu/academic/science/degrees/astronomy/astrophysics.htm">o orixinal</a> o 01 de novembro de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 20 de xaneiro de 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAstronom%C3a&rft.btitle=Penn+State+Erie-School+of+Science-Astronomy+and+Astrophysics&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.erie.psu.edu%2Facademic%2Fscience%2Fdegrees%2Fastronomy%2Fastrophysics.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_Galega" title="Real Academia Galega">Real Academia Galega</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academia.gal/dicionario/">"Dicionario da Real Academia Galega"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 20 de xaneiro de 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAstronom%C3a&rft.btitle=Dicionario+da+Real+Academia+Galega&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademia.gal%2Fdicionario%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shu1982-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-shu1982_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Shu, F.H. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/physicaluniverse00shuf"><i>The Physical Universe</i></a> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. Mill Valley, California: University Science Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-935702-05-7" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-935702-05-7">978-0-935702-05-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAstronom%C3a&rft.aufirst=F.H.&rft.aulast=Shu&rft.btitle=The+Physical+Universe&rft.date=1983&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-935702-05-7&rft.place=Mill+Valley%2C+California&rft.pub=University+Science+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fphysicaluniverse00shuf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-history_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Forbes, 1909</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">DeWitt, Richard (2010). "The Ptolemaic System". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldviewsintrod0000dewi"><i>Worldviews: An Introduction to the History and Philosophy of Science</i></a>. Chichester, Inglaterra: Wiley. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldviewsintrod0000dewi/page/113">113</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-1-4051-9563-8" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-1-4051-9563-8">978-1-4051-9563-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAstronom%C3a&rft.atitle=The+Ptolemaic+System&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.aulast=DeWitt&rft.btitle=Worldviews%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+History+and+Philosophy+of+Science&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-9563-8&rft.pages=113&rft.place=Chichester%2C+Inglaterra&rft.pub=Wiley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldviewsintrod0000dewi&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kennedy-1962-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kennedy-1962_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kennedy, Edward S. (1962). "Review: <i>The Observatory in Islam and Its Place in the General History of the Observatory</i> by Aydin Sayili". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isis_(xornal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isis (xornal) (a páxina aínda non existe)">Isis</a></i> <b>53</b> (2): 237–39. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F349558">10.1086/349558</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAstronom%C3a&rft.atitle=Review%3A+The+Observatory+in+Islam+and+Its+Place+in+the+General+History+of+the+Observatory+by+Aydin+Sayili&rft.aufirst=Edward+S.&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.date=1962&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Isis&rft.pages=237-39&rft.volume=53&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F349558&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Micheau-992-3-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Micheau-992-3_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Micheau, Françoise. Rashed, Roshdi; Morelon, Régis, eds. "The Scientific Institutions in the Medieval Near East". <i>Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science</i> <b>3</b>: 992–93.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAstronom%C3a&rft.atitle=The+Scientific+Institutions+in+the+Medieval+Near+East&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7oise&rft.aulast=Micheau&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+History+of+Arabic+Science&rft.pages=992-93&rft.volume=3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Nas, Peter J (1993). <i>Urban Symbolism</i>. Brill Academic Publishers. p. 350. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-90-04-09855-8" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-90-04-09855-8">978-90-04-09855-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAstronom%C3a&rft.aufirst=Peter+J&rft.aulast=Nas&rft.btitle=Urban+Symbolism&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-90-04-09855-8&rft.pages=350&rft.pub=Brill+Academic+Publishers&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Forbes, 1909, pp. 49–58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f58-64-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-f58-64_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Forbes, 1909, pp. 58–64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chambers, Robert (1864) <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chambers_Book_of_Days&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chambers Book of Days (a páxina aínda non existe)">Chambers Book of Days</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Forbes, 1909, pp. 79–81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Forbes, 1909, pp. 74–76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-short_history-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-short_history_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Berry, Arthur (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofas0000berr"><i>A Short History of Astronomy From Earliest Times Through the 19th Century</i></a>. Nova York: Dover Publications, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-486-20210-5" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-486-20210-5">978-0-486-20210-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAstronom%C3a&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+Astronomy+From+Earliest+Times+Through+the+19th+Century&rft.date=1961&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-486-20210-5&rft.place=Nova+York&rft.pub=Dover+Publications%2C+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshorthistoryofas0000berr&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_castel%C3%A1" title="Lingua castelá">castelán</a>)</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronomia2009.org.ar/novedades/resolucion-de-las-naciones-unidas">Las Naciones Unidas declararon 2009 el Año Internacional de la Astronomía.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090306211748/http://www.astronomia2009.org.ar/novedades/resolucion-de-las-naciones-unidas">Arquivado</a> 06 de marzo de 2009 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060905131651/http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/emspectrum.html">"Electromagnetic Spectrum"</a>. NASA. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/emspectrum.html">o orixinal</a> o 5 de setembro de 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 17 de novembro de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAstronom%C3a&rft.btitle=Electromagnetic+Spectrum&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimagine.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fdocs%2Fscience%2Fknow_l1%2Femspectrum.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moore1997-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-moore1997_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Moore, P. (1997). <i>Philip's Atlas of the Universe</i>. Gran Bretaña: George Philis Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-540-07465-5" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-540-07465-5">978-0-540-07465-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAstronom%C3a&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.btitle=Philip%27s+Atlas+of+the+Universe&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-540-07465-5&rft.place=Gran+Breta%C3%B1a&rft.pub=George+Philis+Limited&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cox2000-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cox2000_25-0">25,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cox2000_25-1">25,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cox2000_25-2">25,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cox2000_25-3">25,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Cox, A.N., ed. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w8PK2XFLLH8C&pg=PA124"><i>Allen's Astrophysical Quantities</i></a>. Nova York: Springer-Verlag. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-0-387-98746-0" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-0-387-98746-0">978-0-387-98746-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAstronom%C3a&rft.btitle=Allen%27s+Astrophysical+Quantities&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-387-98746-0&rft.pages=124&rft.place=Nova+York&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw8PK2XFLLH8C%26pg%3DPA124&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">H. Roth, <i>A Slowly Contracting or Expanding Fluid Sphere and its Stability</i>, <i>Phys. Rev.</i> (<b>39</b>, p;525–529, 1932)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A.S. Eddington, <i>Internal Constitution of the Stars</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_E._Keeler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James E. Keeler (a páxina aínda non existe)">Keeler, James E.</a> (de novembro de 1897). "The Importance of Astrophysical Research and the Relation of Astrophysics to the Other Physical Sciences". <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i> <b>6</b> (4): 271–88. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1897ApJ.....6..271K">1897ApJ.....6..271K</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17796068">17796068</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F140401">10.1086/140401</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAstronom%C3a&rft.atitle=The+Importance+of+Astrophysical+Research+and+the+Relation+of+Astrophysics+to+the+Other+Physical+Sciences&rft.aufirst=James+E.&rft.aulast=Keeler&rft.chron=de+novembro+de+1897&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.pages=271-88&rft.volume=6&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1897ApJ.....6..271K&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F140401&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17796068&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110610085146/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/astrophysics">"astrophysics"</a>. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/astrophysics">o orixinal</a> o 10 de xuño de 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 22 de maio de 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAstronom%C3a&rft.btitle=astrophysics&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster%2C+Incorporated&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fastrophysics&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161120211934/https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/research/amp-rg/astrochemistry">"Astrochemistry"</a>. <i>www.cfa.harvard.edu/</i>. 15 de xullo de 2013. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/research/amp-rg/astrochemistry">o orixinal</a> o 20 de novembro de 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 20 de novembro de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAstronom%C3a&rft.atitle=Astrochemistry&rft.chron=15+de+xullo+de+2013&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.cfa.harvard.edu%2F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfa.harvard.edu%2Fresearch%2Famp-rg%2Fastrochemistry&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-about-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-about_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081011192341/http://astrobiology.nasa.gov/about-astrobiology/">"About Astrobiology"</a>. <i>NASA Astrobiology Institute</i>. NASA. 21 de xaneiro de 2008. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://astrobiology.nasa.gov/about-astrobiology/">o orixinal</a> o 11 de outubro de 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 20 de outubro de 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAstronom%C3a&rft.atitle=About+Astrobiology&rft.chron=21+de+xaneiro+de+2008&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+Astrobiology+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fastrobiology.nasa.gov%2Fabout-astrobiology%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amos7-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Amos7_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harpaz, 1994, pp. 7–18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-geology-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-geology_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bell III, J. F.; Campbell, B.A.; Robinson, M.S. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060811220029/http://marswatch.tn.cornell.edu/rsm.html"><i>Remote Sensing for the Earth Sciences: Manual of Remote Sensing</i></a> (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marswatch.tn.cornell.edu/rsm.html">o orixinal</a> o 11 de agosto de 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o 17 de novembro de 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAstronom%C3a&rft.au=Campbell%2C+B.A.&rft.au=Robinson%2C+M.S.&rft.aufirst=J.+F.&rft.aulast=Bell+III&rft.btitle=Remote+Sensing+for+the+Earth+Sciences%3A+Manual+of+Remote+Sensing&rft.date=2004&rft.edition=3rd&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarswatch.tn.cornell.edu%2Frsm.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Véxase_tamén"><span id="V.C3.A9xase_tam.C3.A9n"></span>Véxase tamén</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Editar a sección: «Véxase tamén»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&action=edit&section=12" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Véxase tamén"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portada_galega" class="extiw" title="commons:Portada galega">Wikimedia Commons</a> ten máis contidos multimedia na categoría:  <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Astronomy" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Astronomy">Astronomía</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333" title="Modificar a ligazón no Wikidata"><img alt="Modificar a ligazón no Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/12px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/18px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/24px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografía"><span id="Bibliograf.C3.ADa"></span>Bibliografía</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Editar a sección: «Bibliografía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&action=edit&section=13" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Bibliografía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Forbes, George (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/8172"><i>History of Astronomy</i></a>. Londres: Plain Label Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-1-60303-159-2" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-1-60303-159-2">978-1-60303-159-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAstronom%C3a&rft.aufirst=George&rft.aulast=Forbes&rft.btitle=History+of+Astronomy&rft.date=1909&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-60303-159-2&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Plain+Label+Books&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F8172&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Harpaz, Amos (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kd4VEZv8oo0C"><i>Stellar Evolution</i></a>. A K Peters, Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-1-56881-012-6" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-1-56881-012-6">978-1-56881-012-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAstronom%C3a&rft.aufirst=Amos&rft.aulast=Harpaz&rft.btitle=Stellar+Evolution&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-56881-012-6&rft.pub=A+K+Peters%2C+Ltd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dkd4VEZv8oo0C&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="Unsöld" class="citation book">Unsöld, A.; Baschek, B. (2001). <i>The New Cosmos: An Introduction to Astronomy and Astrophysics</i> <span style="font-style: italic;">(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</span>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_bibliogr%C3%A1ficas/978-3-540-67877-9" title="Especial:Fontes bibliográficas/978-3-540-67877-9">978-3-540-67877-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3AAstronom%C3a&rft.au=Baschek%2C+B.&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.aulast=Uns%C3%B6ld&rft.btitle=The+New+Cosmos%3A+An+Introduction+to+Astronomy+and+Astrophysics&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-3-540-67877-9&rft.pub=Springer&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outros_artigos">Outros artigos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Editar a sección: «Outros artigos»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&action=edit&section=14" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Outros artigos"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://gl.wikibooks.org/wiki/gl:A_ciencia_ten_nome_de_muller" class="extiw" title="b:gl:A ciencia ten nome de muller"><i>A ciencia ten nome de muller</i></a> en Wikibooks.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historia_da_astronom%C3%ADa" title="Historia da astronomía">Historia da astronomía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obxecto_astron%C3%B3mico" title="Obxecto astronómico">Obxecto astronómico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Universo_nas_t%C3%BAas_mans" title="O Universo nas túas mans">O Universo nas túas mans</a>, para o ensino da astronomía e a ciencia en xeral</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ligazóns_externas"><span id="Ligaz.C3.B3ns_externas"></span>Ligazóns externas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Editar a sección: «Ligazóns externas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astronom%C3%ADa&action=edit&section=15" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Ligazóns externas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oan.es">Observatorio Astronómico Nacional de España</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iac.es">Instituto Astrofísico de Canarias</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171102113004/http://www.astroriasbaixas.org/">Agrupación Astronómica Rías Baixas</a>.</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Glosario_de_astronomía" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Modelo:Glosario-astronom%C3%ADa" title="Modelo:Glosario-astronomía"><abbr title="Ver o modelo">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-conversa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conversa_modelo:Glosario-astronom%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conversa modelo:Glosario-astronomía (a páxina aínda non existe)"><abbr title="Conversa do modelo">c</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Modelo:Glosario-astronom%C3%ADa&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar o modelo">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Glosario_de_astronomía" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Glosario de <a class="mw-selflink selflink">astronomía</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acimut" title="Acimut">Acimut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afelio" title="Afelio">Afelio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albedo" title="Albedo">Albedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3veda_celeste" class="mw-redirect" title="Bóveda celeste">Bóveda celeste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burato_negro" title="Burato negro">Burato negro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9nit" title="Cénit">Cénit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpo_celeste" class="mw-redirect" title="Corpo celeste">Corpo celeste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clasificaci%C3%B3n_estelar" title="Clasificación estelar">Clasificación estelar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diagrama_de_Hertzsprung-Russell" title="Diagrama de Hertzsprung-Russell">Diagrama de Hertzsprung-Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecl%C3%ADptica" title="Eclíptica">Eclíptica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclipse" title="Eclipse">Eclipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efem%C3%A9ride" title="Efeméride">Efeméride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador_celeste" title="Ecuador celeste">Ecuador celeste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equinoccio" title="Equinoccio">Equinoccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esfera_celeste" title="Esfera celeste">Esfera celeste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrela_(astronom%C3%ADa)" title="Estrela (astronomía)">Estrela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiaci%C3%B3n_de_fondo_c%C3%B3smico_de_microondas" title="Radiación de fondo cósmico de microondas">Fondo cósmico de microondas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravidade" title="Gravidade">Gravidade</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemisferio_celestial_norte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemisferio celestial norte (a páxina aínda non existe)">Hemisferio celestial norte</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemisferio_celestial_sur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemisferio celestial sur (a páxina aínda non existe)">Hemisferio celestial sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminosidade" title="Luminosidade">Luminosidade</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intensidade_de_radiaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intensidade de radiación (a páxina aínda non existe)">Intensidade de radiación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnitude_absoluta" title="Magnitude absoluta">Magnitude absoluta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnitude_aparente" title="Magnitude aparente">Magnitude aparente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnitude_bolom%C3%A9trica" title="Magnitude bolométrica">Magnitude bolométrica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadir" title="Nadir">Nadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93rbita" title="Órbita">Órbita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perihelio" title="Perihelio">Perihelio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planeta" title="Planeta">Planeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precesi%C3%B3n" title="Precesión">Precesión</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solsticio" title="Solsticio">Solsticio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A1nsito_astron%C3%B3mico" title="Tránsito astronómico">Tránsito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B3pico" title="Trópico">Trópico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universo" title="Universo">Universo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variaci%C3%B3ns_orbitais" title="Variacións orbitais">Variacións orbitais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zod%C3%ADaco" title="Zodíaco">Zodíaco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Campos_de_estudo_das_ciencias" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Modelo:Ciencias-z%C3%B3colo" title="Modelo:Ciencias-zócolo"><abbr title="Ver o modelo">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-conversa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conversa_modelo:Ciencias-z%C3%B3colo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conversa modelo:Ciencias-zócolo (a páxina aínda non existe)"><abbr title="Conversa do modelo">c</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Modelo:Ciencias-z%C3%B3colo&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar o modelo">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Campos_de_estudo_das_ciencias" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Campos de estudo das <a href="/wiki/Ciencia" title="Ciencia">ciencias</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ciencias_naturais" title="Ciencias naturais">Ciencias naturais</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Astronomía</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Biolox%C3%ADa" title="Bioloxía">Bioloxía</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Xeolox%C3%ADa" title="Xeoloxía">Xeoloxía</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Xeograf%C3%ADa" title="Xeografía">Xeografía</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física">Física</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Paleontolox%C3%ADa" title="Paleontoloxía">Paleontoloxía</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Química">Química</a></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg/50px-Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg/75px-Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg/100px-Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2258" data-file-height="3070" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ciencias_sociais" title="Ciencias sociais">Ciencias sociais</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Antropolox%C3%ADa" title="Antropoloxía">Antropoloxía</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Medio_de_comunicaci%C3%B3n_de_masas" title="Medio de comunicación de masas">Comunicación</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Dereito" title="Dereito">Dereito</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa" title="Economía">Economía</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Educaci%C3%B3n_f%C3%ADsica" title="Educación física">Educación física</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Educaci%C3%B3n" title="Educación">Educación</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Historia" title="Historia">Historia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica" title="Lingüística">Lingüística</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%ADtica" title="Política">Política</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sociolox%C3%ADa" title="Socioloxía">Socioloxía</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ciencias_aplicadas" title="Ciencias aplicadas">Ciencias aplicadas</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administraci%C3%B3n_de_empresas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administración de empresas (a páxina aínda non existe)">Administración</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Agronom%C3%ADa" title="Agronomía">Agronomía</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Arquitectura" title="Arquitectura">Arquitectura</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Urbanismo" title="Urbanismo">Urbanismo</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Inform%C3%A1tica" title="Informática">Informática</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Dese%C3%B1o" title="Deseño">Deseño</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Enxe%C3%B1ar%C3%ADa" title="Enxeñaría">Enxeñaría</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Farmacolox%C3%ADa" title="Farmacoloxía">Farmacoloxía</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina">Medicina</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nutrici%C3%B3n" title="Nutrición">Nutrición</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tecnolox%C3%ADa" title="Tecnoloxía">Tecnoloxía</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Control_de_autoridades" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Control_de_autoridades" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Control_de_autoridades" title="Axuda:Control de autoridades">Control de autoridades</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>: <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q333">Q333</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Architecture_Thesaurus" title="Art & Architecture Thesaurus">AAT</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&logic=AND&note=&subjectid=300054534">300054534</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_Central_de_Florencia" title="Biblioteca Nacional Central de Florencia">BNCF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=7996">7996</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX4576265">XX4576265</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Francia" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Francia">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13318302r">13318302r</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Enciclopedia_Rusa" title="Grande Enciclopedia Rusa">BRE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/3360113">3360113</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">EBID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/astronomy">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gran_Enciclopedia_Aragonesa" title="Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa">GEA</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciclopedia-aragonesa.com/voz.asp?voz_id=1529">1529</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4003311-9">4003311-9</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Dicionario_Hist%C3%B3rico_de_Su%C3%ADza" title="Dicionario Histórico de Suíza">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/008255">008255</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.jstor.org/topic/stellar-astronomy">stellar-astronomy</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85009003">sh85009003</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">MAG: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://academic.microsoft.com/v2/detail/1276947">1276947</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Dieta" title="Biblioteca Nacional da Dieta">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00572840">00572840</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Checa" title="Biblioteca Nacional da República Checa">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114088">ph114088</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_t%C3%A9cnica_nacional_de_Praga" title="Biblioteca técnica nacional de Praga">PSH</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psh.techlib.cz/skos/PSH320">320</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">TESF: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/astronomy">astronomy</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/astronomia">astronomia</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Identificadores" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Identificadores" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;">Identificadores</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D001256">D001256</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Unified_Medical_Language_System" title="Unified Medical Language System">UMLS</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncim-stage.nci.nih.gov/ncimbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI%20Metathesaurus&code=C0004117">C0004117</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Traído desde «<a dir="ltr" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Astronomía&oldid=6896469">https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Astronomía&oldid=6896469</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categor%C3%ADas" title="Especial:Categorías">Categoría</a>: <ul><li><a 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