Aristide Briand | French Prime Minister & Nobel Peace Prize Winner

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Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. </div> <div class="label mt-20 mb-10">Select Citation Style</div> <select class="js-citation-format-select form-select"> <option selected value="mla">MLA</option> <option value="apa">APA</option> <option value="chicago">Chicago Manual of Style</option> </select> <div class="citation font-serif border rounded p-15 mt-20" data-authors="The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica" data-title="Aristide Briand" data-published-date="24 Mar. 2024" data-url="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Aristide-Briand" > <div class="citation-text"></div> </div> <button class="js-copy-citation-button mt-20 btn btn-xs btn-outline-blue border shadow-sm pr-10" > <em class="material-icons md-icon ml-n10 my-n5 mr-5" data-icon="file_copy"></em> <span class="js-citation-status-text">Copy Citation</span> </button> </div> </div> </div> <div> <button class="js-share-modal-button js-modal btn btn-sm btn-link gtm-topic-tool font-weight-bold btn-link" data-modal="[data-topic-id=79162] .md-share-modal"> <em class="material-icons mr-5 ml-n10 my-n5 md-icon" data-icon="share"></em> Share </button> <div class="md-share-modal size-lg d-none qa-share-modal"> <div class="md-modal-body"> <div class="h2 font-serif d-flex align-items-center pb-15 border-bottom"> <em class="material-icons text-blue mr-10" data-icon="share"></em> Share </div> <div class="label my-20">Share to social media</div> <div class="md-social-toolbar-circle d-flex align-items-start inverted" data-value="share" title="Aristide Briand" data-url="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Aristide-Briand" > <a class="social-icon facebook justify-content-center d-flex align-items-center align-self-center" data-provider="facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/BRITANNICA/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Facebook</span></a> <a class="social-icon x justify-content-center d-flex align-items-center align-self-center" data-provider="x" href="https://x.com/britannica" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>X</span></a> </div> <div class="label pt-20 mt-20 mb-5 border-top">URL</div> <a class="font-serif text-truncate d-inline-block" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Aristide-Briand">https://www.britannica.com/biography/Aristide-Briand</a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <button class="js-feedback-modal-button js-modal btn btn-sm btn-link gtm-topic-tool font-weight-bold btn-link" data-modal=".md-feedback-modal"> <em class="material-icons mr-5 ml-n10 my-n5 md-icon" data-icon="message"></em> Feedback </button> </div> <div> <button class="qa-external-website-modal-button js-modal btn btn-sm btn-link gtm-topic-tool font-weight-bold btn-link" data-modal="[data-topic-id=79162] .md-websites-modal"> <em class="material-icons md-icon ml-n10 mr-5" data-icon="link"></em> External Websites </button> </div> </div> <div class="md-feedback-modal size-lg d-none"> <div class="md-modal-body"> <div class="h2 font-serif pb-15 border-bottom"> Feedback </div> <form method="post" action="/submission/feedback/79162"> <div class="my-20"> Corrections? 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clamp-3"> <dl> <dt>Died: </dt> <dd>March 7, 1932, <a href="/place/Paris">Paris</a> (aged 69)</dd> </dl> <button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-gray-50" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"> <em class="js-content link-blue">(Show more)</em> </button> </div> </div> <div class=""> <div class="js-fact mb-10 line-clamp clamp-3"> <dl> <dt>Title / Office: </dt> <dd><a href="/topic/foreign-minister">foreign minister (1925-1932)</a>, <a href="/place/France">France</a></dd> <dd><a href="/topic/prime-minister">prime minister (1921-1922)</a>, <a href="/place/France">France</a></dd> <dd><a href="/topic/prime-minister">prime minister (1915-1917)</a>, <a href="/place/France">France</a></dd> <dd><a href="/topic/prime-minister">prime minister (1909-1910)</a>, <a href="/place/France">France</a></dd> </dl> <button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-gray-50" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"> <em class="js-content link-blue">(Show more)</em> </button> </div> </div> <div class=""> <div class="js-fact mb-10 line-clamp clamp-3"> <dl> <dt>Founder: </dt> <dd><a href="/topic/lHumanite">“l’Humanité”</a></dd> </dl> <button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-gray-50" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"> <em class="js-content link-blue">(Show more)</em> </button> </div> </div> <div class=""> <div class="js-fact mb-10 line-clamp clamp-3"> <dl> <dt>Political Affiliation: </dt> <dd><a href="/topic/Socialist-Party-France">Socialist Party</a></dd> </dl> <button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-gray-50" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"> <em class="js-content link-blue">(Show more)</em> </button> </div> </div> <div class="facts-item-none d-none"> <div class="js-fact mb-10 line-clamp clamp-3"> <dl> <dt>Awards And Honors: </dt> <dd><a href="/topic/Nobel-Prize">Nobel Prize (1926)</a></dd> </dl> <button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-gray-50" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"> <em class="js-content link-blue">(Show more)</em> </button> </div> </div> <div class="facts-item-none d-none"> <div class="js-fact mb-10 line-clamp clamp-3"> <dl> <dt>Role In: </dt> <dd><a href="/event/Kellogg-Briand-Pact">Kellogg-Briand Pact</a></dd> <dd><a href="/event/Pact-of-Locarno">Pact of Locarno</a></dd> </dl> <button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-gray-50" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"> <em class="js-content link-blue">(Show more)</em> </button> </div> <div class="text-center"> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-link p-0" href="/facts/Aristide-Briand"> See all related content </a> </div> </div> </div> <button class="facts-list-show-more-btn mt-15 p-0 mx-auto btn font-14 d-block font-weight-normal"> <span class="material-icons" data-icon="expand_more"></span> <span class="show-more-label">Show More</span> </button> </div><span class="marker before-article"></span><section data-level="1" id="ref1"><span class="marker PREMOD1 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph"><strong><span id="ref126501"></span>Aristide Briand</strong> (born March 28, 1862, <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Nantes" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">Nantes</a>, France—died March 7, 1932, Paris) was a statesman who served 11 times as <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/prime-minister" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">premier</a> of <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/France" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">France</a>, holding a total of 26 ministerial posts between 1906 and 1932. His efforts for international cooperation, the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/League-of-Nations" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">League of Nations</a>, and world peace brought him the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nobel-Prize" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">Nobel Prize</a> for Peace in 1926, which he shared with <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gustav-Stresemann" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Gustav Stresemann</a> of Germany.</p><span class="marker MOD1 mod-inline"></span><span class="marker PREMOD2 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph">As a law student, Briand became associated with left-wing causes, writing for such publications as <em>Le Peuple, La Lanterne</em>, and <em>Petite République</em>, and in 1904 he joined <span id="ref126502"></span><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-Jaures" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Jean Jaurès</a> in founding <em>L’Humanité</em>. In 1894 Briand succeeded in getting the sharply divided French trade unionists to adopt the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/general-strike" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">general strike</a> as a political tactic at a workers’ congress at Nantes.</p><span class="marker MOD2 mod-inline"></span><span class="marker PREMOD3 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph">After three unsuccessful attempts (1889, 1893, and 1898) to be elected to the Chamber of Deputies, Briand became secretary-general of the <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Socialist-Party-France" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">Socialist Party</a> in 1901. In 1902 he finally won election as a deputy from the Loire <em>département</em> and remained a member of the chamber until his death.</p><div class="module-spacing"> </div><span class="marker MOD3 mod-inline"></span><span class="marker PREMOD4 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph">Briand’s first great success in government came with his work on the commission that drafted a law of separation of <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/church-and-state" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">church and state</a> in 1905; he succeeded in carrying this reform into law with only slight modifications. This achievement led to his appointment as minister of public education and <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off mw" data-term="culture" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/culture" data-type="MW">culture</a> in March 1906, but his acceptance of a post in a bourgeois Cabinet widened his break with Jaurès and other Socialists. Unlike Jaurès, Briand contended that the Socialists should cooperate with the Radicals in all matters of reform.</p><span class="marker MOD4 mod-inline"></span><span class="marker PREMOD5 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph">After serving another term as education minister in the first government of <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Georges-Clemenceau" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">Georges Clemenceau</a> (1906–09), he became premier from July 1909 to November 1910. He served two more terms, briefly, before his plan for <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/proportional-representation" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">proportional representation</a> met defeat in the Senate in March 1913.</p><span class="marker MOD5 mod-inline"></span><span class="marker PREMOD6 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph">On the fall of the Cabinet of <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rene-Viviani" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">René Viviani</a> in October 1915, Briand again became premier; he also took control of foreign affairs. He formed his sixth Cabinet in December 1916 but still failed to cope with the lagging war effort.</p><span class="marker MOD6 mod-inline"></span><span class="marker PREMOD7 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph">Forced to resign (March 1917) because of mounting pressures and the unsuccessful Balkan campaign, Briand spent the next three years taking little part in public affairs except for his outspoken <a class="md-dictionary-link md-dictionary-tt-off mw" data-term="advocacy" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/advocacy" data-type="MW">advocacy</a> of the League of Nations and the concept of <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/collective-security" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">collective security</a>. He returned to the premiership in January 1921, but his failures in <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/foreign-policy" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">foreign policy</a> forced his resignation on Jan. 12, 1922.</p><div class="module-spacing"> <DIV class="marketing-INLINE_SUBSCRIPTION marketing-content" data-marketing-id="INLINE_SUBSCRIPTION"><style> .student-promo-banner-wrapper { container-type: inline-size; margin-bottom: 15px; } @container (min-width: 475px) { .student-promo-banner { flex-direction: row; } .student-promo-banner-img-wrapper { margin-bottom: 0; margin-right: 10px; justify-content: flex-start; } .student-promo-banner-text-wrapper { text-align: left; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 10px; } .student-promo-banner-button-wrapper { margin-right: 0; } }</style> <div class="student-promo-banner-wrapper"> <div class="student-promo-banner d-flex flex-column align-items-center bg-blue rounded p-20"> <div class="student-promo-banner-img-wrapper mb-20 mr-0 d-flex justify-content-center"> <img class="rounded" style="max-width: 100px; min-width: 80px" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/marketing/BlueThistle.webp" /> </div> <div class="student-promo-banner-text-wrapper ml-0 mb-10 text-center text-white"> <div class="h2 mb-10">Get Unlimited Access</div> <div class="h4 font-weight-semi-bold">Try Britannica Premium for free and discover more.</div> </div> <div class="student-promo-banner-button-wrapper d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center ml-auto mr-auto"> <a class="btn btn-m btn-orange" href="https://premium.britannica.com/premium-membership/?utm_source=premium&utm_medium=inline-cta&utm_campaign=black-friday-2024">Subscribe</a> </div> </div> </div> </DIV></div><span class="marker MOD7 mod-inline"></span><span class="marker PREMOD8 mod-inline"></span><div class="assemblies multiple medialist slider js-slider position-relative d-inline-flex align-items-center mw-100" data-type="other"><div class="slider-container js-slider-container overflow-hidden d-flex"><div class="rw-track d-flex align-items-center"><div class="position-relative rw-slide col-100 px-20 "><figure class="md-assembly m-0 mb-md-0 card card-borderless print-false" data-assembly-id="148107" data-asm-type="image"><div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media " data-type="image"><a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/24/144324-050-38F64592/Austen-Chamberlain-Gustav-Stresemann-Aristide-Briand-Locarno-October-1925.jpg" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center media-overlay-link card-media" data-href="/media/1/79162/148107"><picture><source media="(min-width: 680px)" srcset="https://cdn.britannica.com/24/144324-050-38F64592/Austen-Chamberlain-Gustav-Stresemann-Aristide-Briand-Locarno-October-1925.jpg?w=300"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/24/144324-050-38F64592/Austen-Chamberlain-Gustav-Stresemann-Aristide-Briand-Locarno-October-1925.jpg?w=300" alt="Pact of Locarno" data-width="800" data-height="574" loading="eager"></picture><div class="position-absolute top-10 left-10 assembly-slide-tag rounded-lg">1 of 2</div><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a></div><figcaption class="card-body"><div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif line-clamp"><span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/24/144324-050-38F64592/Austen-Chamberlain-Gustav-Stresemann-Aristide-Briand-Locarno-October-1925.jpg" data-href="/media/1/79162/148107">Pact of Locarno</a><span>(From left to right) Gustav Stresemann, Sir Austen Chamberlain, and Aristide Briand at the Locarno negotiations, c. October 1925.</span><button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-white js-content" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"><span class="link-blue">(more)</span></button></span></div></figcaption></figure></div><div class="position-relative rw-slide col-100 px-20 "><figure class="md-assembly m-0 mb-md-0 card card-borderless print-false" data-assembly-id="88243" data-asm-type="image"><div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media " data-type="image"><a href="https://cdn.britannica.com/54/76554-050-56D5EDA2/Aristide-Briand-French-Kellogg-Briand-Pact-1928.jpg" class="gtm-assembly-link position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center media-overlay-link card-media" data-href="/media/1/79162/88243"><picture><source media="(min-width: 680px)" srcset="https://cdn.britannica.com/54/76554-050-56D5EDA2/Aristide-Briand-French-Kellogg-Briand-Pact-1928.jpg?w=300"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/54/76554-050-56D5EDA2/Aristide-Briand-French-Kellogg-Briand-Pact-1928.jpg?w=300" alt="Kellogg-Briand Pact" data-width="1600" data-height="1279" loading="eager"></picture><div class="position-absolute top-10 left-10 assembly-slide-tag rounded-lg">2 of 2</div><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white top-10 right-10" aria-label="Zoom in"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in"></em></button></a></div><figcaption class="card-body"><div class="md-assembly-caption text-muted font-14 font-serif line-clamp"><span><a class="gtm-assembly-link md-assembly-title font-weight-bold d-inline font-sans-serif mr-5 media-overlay-link" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/54/76554-050-56D5EDA2/Aristide-Briand-French-Kellogg-Briand-Pact-1928.jpg" data-href="/media/1/79162/88243">Kellogg-Briand Pact</a><span>French statesman Aristide Briand signing the Kellogg-Briand Pact, 1928.</span><button class="js-more-btn d-none btn btn-unstyled font-12 bg-white js-content" aria-label="Toggle more/less fact data"><span class="link-blue">(more)</span></button></span></div></figcaption></figure></div></div></div><button disabled="true" class="prev-button js-prev-button position-absolute btn btn-circle shadow btn-lg btn-blue-dark m-20"><span class="material-icons" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_left"></span></button><button disabled="true" class="next-button js-next-button position-absolute btn btn-circle shadow btn-lg btn-blue-dark m-20"><span class="material-icons" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_right"></span></button></div><p class="topic-paragraph">In April 1925, under Premier <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paul-Painleve" class="md-crosslink autoxref " data-show-preview="true">Paul Painlevé</a>, he again took the post of foreign minister—a post he held in 14 successive governments, four of which (three in 1925–26, the last in 1929) he headed himself. During that period his successes were the <span id="ref126503"></span><a href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Pact-of-Locarno" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Pact of Locarno</a> (1925), in which he, Gustav Stresemann of Germany, and Austen Chamberlain of Britain sought to normalize relations between Germany and its former enemies; and the <span id="ref126504"></span><a href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Kellogg-Briand-Pact" class="md-crosslink " data-show-preview="true">Kellogg-Briand Pact</a> (Aug. 27, 1928), in which 60 nations agreed to outlaw war as an instrument of national policy. In December 1930 Briand publicly, and boldly for the times, advocated a federal union of Europe.</p><div class="one-good-fact-module"> </div><span class="marker MOD8 mod-inline"></span><span class="marker PREMOD9 mod-inline"></span><p class="topic-paragraph">Briand finally retired in January 1932, after an unsuccessful campaign for the presidency of the French Republic, and died shortly thereafter.</p><span class="marker MOD9 mod-inline"></span></section> <span class="md-signature">This article was most recently revised and updated by <a href="/contributor/encyclopaedia-britannica/12989892">Encyclopaedia Britannica</a>.</span><span class="marker end-of-content"></span><span class="marker after-article"></span></div> <div id="chatbot-root"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ai-dialog-placeholder"></div> </div> </div> <aside class="col-md-da-320"></aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article></div> </div></div> </div> </main> <div id="md-footer"></div> <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5W6NC8" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <script type="text/javascript" id="_informizely_script_tag"> var IzWidget = IzWidget || {}; (function (d) { var scriptElement = d.createElement('script'); scriptElement.type = 'text/javascript'; scriptElement.async = true; scriptElement.src = "https://insitez.blob.core.windows.net/site/f780f33e-a610-4ac2-af81-3eb184037547.js"; var node = d.getElementById('_informizely_script_tag'); node.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, node); } )(document); </script>  <script> window.ap3c = window.ap3c || {}; var ap3c = window.ap3c; ap3c.cmd = ap3c.cmd || []; ap3c.cmd.push(function() { ap3c.init('ZO4siT4cLwnykPnzZWJtd3Byb2Q', 'https://engage.email.britannica.com/'); ap3c.track({v: 0}); }); ap3c.activity = function(act) { ap3c.act = (ap3c.act || []); ap3c.act.push(act); }; var s, t; s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.src = "https://engage.email.britannica.com/app.js"; t = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; t.parentNode.insertBefore(s, t); </script> <script class="marketing-page-info" type="application/json"> {"pageType":"Topic","templateName":"DESKTOP","pageNumber":1,"pagesTotal":1,"pageId":79162,"pageLength":522,"initialLoad":true,"lastPageOfScroll":false} </script> <script class="marketing-content-info" type="application/json"> [] </script> <script src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/js/libs/jquery-3.5.0.min.js?v=3.130.14"></script> <script type="text/javascript" data-type="Init Mendel Code Splitting"> (function() { $.ajax({ dataType: 'script', cache: true, url: 'https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/dist/topic-page.js?v=3.130.14' }); })(); </script> <script class="analytics-metadata" type="application/json"> {"leg":"C","adLeg":"C","userType":"ANONYMOUS","pageType":"Topic","pageSubtype":null,"articleTemplateType":"BIO_MEDIUM","gisted":false,"pageNumber":1,"hasSummarizeButton":false,"hasAskButton":false} </script> <script type="text/javascript"> EBStat={accountId:-1,hostnameOverride:'webstats.eb.com',domain:'www.britannica.com', json:''}; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> ( function() { $.ajax( { dataType: 'script', cache: true, url: '//www.britannica.com/webstats/mendelstats.js?v=1' } ) .done( function() { try {writeStat(null,EBStat);} catch(err){} } ); })(); </script> <div id="bc-fixed-dialogue"></div> </body> </html>

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Aristide Briand | French Prime Minister & Nobel Peace Prize Winner | Britannica