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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Regency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senior_emperor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senior_emperor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Senior emperor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senior_emperor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Madrid_Skylitzes'_depictions_of_Constantine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Madrid_Skylitzes'_depictions_of_Constantine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Madrid Skylitzes' depictions of Constantine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Madrid_Skylitzes'_depictions_of_Constantine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_activity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_activity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Literary activity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_activity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solidi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solidi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Solidi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solidi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Constantine VII</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantyn_VII_van_Bisantium" title="Konstantyn VII van Bisantium – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Konstantyn VII van Bisantium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_VII." title="Konstantin VII. – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Konstantin VII." data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9" title="قسطنطين السابع – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قسطنطين السابع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant%C3%ADn_VII" title="Constantín VII – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Constantín VII" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant%C3%ADn_VII" title="Constantín VII – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Constantín VII" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="یئدینجی کونستانتین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یئدینجی کونستانتین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD_VII_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%84%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Канстанцін VII Парфірародны – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Канстанцін VII Парфірародны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_VII_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Константин VII Багренородни – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Константин VII Багренородни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_VII_Porfirogenet" title="Konstantin VII Porfirogenet – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Konstantin VII Porfirogenet" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant%C3%AD_VII_Porfirog%C3%A8nit" title="Constantí VII Porfirogènit – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Constantí VII Porfirogènit" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_VII._Porfyrogenn%C3%A9tos" title="Konstantin VII. Porfyrogennétos – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Konstantin VII. Porfyrogennétos" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_VII." title="Konstantin VII. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Konstantin VII." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinos_VII" title="Konstantinos VII – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Konstantinos VII" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%89%CE%BD%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%96%CE%84" title="Κωνσταντίνος Ζ΄ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κωνσταντίνος Ζ΄" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantino_VII" title="Constantino VII – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Constantino VII" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstanteno_la_7-a_(Bizancio)" title="Konstanteno la 7-a (Bizancio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Konstanteno la 7-a (Bizancio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantino_VII.a" title="Konstantino VII.a – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Konstantino VII.a" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%87%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%85" title="کنستانتینوس هفتم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کنستانتینوس هفتم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_VII_Porphyrog%C3%A9n%C3%A8te" title="Constantin VII Porphyrogénète – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Constantin VII Porphyrogénète" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantino_VII" title="Constantino VII – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Constantino VII" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%98%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84%ED%8B%B0%EB%85%B8%EC%8A%A4_7%EC%84%B8" title="콘스탄티노스 7세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="콘스탄티노스 7세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%BE%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Կոստանդին Ծիրանածին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոստանդին Ծիրանածին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_VII._Porfirogenet" title="Konstantin VII. Porfirogenet – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Konstantin VII. Porfirogenet" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinus_VII" title="Konstantinus VII – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konstantinus VII" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costantino_VII_Porfirogenito" title="Costantino VII Porfirogenito – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Costantino VII Porfirogenito" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A1" title="קונסטנטינוס השביעי פורפירוגנטוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קונסטנטינוס השביעי פורפירוגנטוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94_VII" title="კონსტანტინე VII – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კონსტანტინე VII" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinus_VII_Porphyrogenitus" title="Constantinus VII Porphyrogenitus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Constantinus VII Porphyrogenitus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinas_VII_Purpurinis" title="Konstantinas VII Purpurinis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Konstantinas VII Purpurinis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII._K%C3%B3nsztantinosz_biz%C3%A1nci_cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1r" title="VII. Kónsztantinosz bizánci császár – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="VII. Kónsztantinosz bizánci császár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Константин Порфирогенит – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Константин Порфирогенит" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9" title="قسطنطين السابع – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قسطنطين السابع" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinos_VII" title="Konstantinos VII – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Konstantinos VII" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantijn_VII_Porphyrogennetos" title="Constantijn VII Porphyrogennetos – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Constantijn VII Porphyrogennetos" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%8E%E3%82%B97%E4%B8%96" title="コンスタンティノス7世 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コンスタンティノス7世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_VII" title="Konstantin VII – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Konstantin VII" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_VII" title="Konstantin VII – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Konstantin VII" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantyn_VII_Porfirogeneta" title="Konstantyn VII Porfirogeneta – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Konstantyn VII Porfirogeneta" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantino_VII_Porfirog%C3%AAnito" title="Constantino VII Porfirogênito – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Constantino VII Porfirogênito" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_al_VII-lea_Porfirogenetul" title="Constantin al VII-lea Porfirogenetul – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Constantin al VII-lea Porfirogenetul" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_VII_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Константин VII Багрянородный – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Константин VII Багрянородный" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostandin_VII_Porfirogjeni" title="Kostandin VII Porfirogjeni – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kostandin VII Porfirogjeni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_VII" title="Constantine VII – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Constantine VII" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kon%C5%A1tant%C3%ADn_VII." title="Konštantín VII. – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Konštantín VII." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_VII._Porfirogenet" title="Konstantin VII. Porfirogenet – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Konstantin VII. Porfirogenet" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_VII_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Константин VII Порфирогенит – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Константин VII Порфирогенит" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Porfirogenit" title="Konstantin Porfirogenit – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Konstantin Porfirogenit" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinos_VII" title="Konstantinos VII – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Konstantinos VII" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_VII" title="Konstantin VII – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Konstantin VII" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_7" title="จักรพรรดิคอนสแตนตินที่ 7 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดิคอนสแตนตินที่ 7" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/VII._Konstantinos" title="VII. Konstantinos – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="VII. Konstantinos" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_VII_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Костянтин VII Багрянородний – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Костянтин VII Багрянородний" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%86_%DB%81%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%85" title="قسطنطین ہفتم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قسطنطین ہفتم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Constantine VII</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Constantine_VII_Porphyrogenitus_(2).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Constantine_VII_Porphyrogenitus_%282%29.jpeg/220px-Constantine_VII_Porphyrogenitus_%282%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Constantine_VII_Porphyrogenitus_%282%29.jpeg/330px-Constantine_VII_Porphyrogenitus_%282%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Constantine_VII_Porphyrogenitus_%282%29.jpeg/440px-Constantine_VII_Porphyrogenitus_%282%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="733" data-file-height="976" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Constantine VII crowned by Christ, detail of an ivory plaque, <a href="/wiki/Pushkin_Museum" title="Pushkin Museum">Pushkin Museum</a>, AD 945</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine emperor">Byzantine emperor</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">6 June 913 – 9 November 959</span><br />(alone from 27 January 945)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Byzantine_emperor" title="Coronation of the Byzantine emperor">Coronation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">15 May 908</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_(Byzantine_emperor)" title="Alexander (Byzantine emperor)">Alexander</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Romanos_II" title="Romanos II">Romanos II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Co-emperors</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Romanos_I_Lekapenos" title="Romanos I Lekapenos">Romanos I</a> (920–944)<br /><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lekapenos" title="Christopher Lekapenos">Christopher</a> (921–931)<br /><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lekapenos" title="Stephen Lekapenos">Stephen</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Lekapenos" title="Constantine Lekapenos">Constantine</a> (924–945)<br />Romanos II (945–959)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">17 May 905<br /><a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">9 November 959 (aged 54)<br /><a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Helena_Lekapene" title="Helena Lekapene">Helena Lekapene</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Romanos_II" title="Romanos II">Romanos II</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Theodora,_daughter_of_Constantine_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodora, daughter of Constantine VII">Theodora</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Konstantinos Porphyrogennetos<br />("the <a href="/wiki/Born_in_the_purple" title="Born in the purple">Purple-born</a>")</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Constantinus Augustus<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_dynasty" title="Macedonian dynasty">Macedonian dynasty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leo_VI_the_Wise" title="Leo VI the Wise">Leo VI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zoe_Karbonopsina" title="Zoe Karbonopsina">Zoe Karbonopsina</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248666159">.mw-parser-output .tfd-dated{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .tfd-default{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);clear:both;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tfd-tiny{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tfd-inline{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;position:relative}@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{clear:right;float:right;width:22em}}</style><span class="tfd tfd-dated tfd-tiny"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_November_12#Template:Lang-grc-gre" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 12">‹See Tfd›</a></span><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Κωνσταντῖνος Πορφυρογέννητος</span></span>, <i>Kōnstantinos Porphyrogennētos</i>; 17 May 905 – 9 November 959) was the fourth <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine emperor">Byzantine emperor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_dynasty" title="Macedonian dynasty">Macedonian dynasty</a>, reigning from 6 June 913 to 9 November 959. He was the son of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Leo_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Leo VI">Emperor Leo VI</a> and his fourth wife, <a href="/wiki/Zoe_Karbonopsina" title="Zoe Karbonopsina">Zoe Karbonopsina</a>, and the nephew of his predecessor <a href="/wiki/Alexander_(Byzantine_emperor)" title="Alexander (Byzantine emperor)">Alexander</a>. </p><p>Most of his reign was dominated by co-regents: from 913 until 919 he was under the regency of his mother, while from 920 until 945 he shared the throne with <a href="/wiki/Romanos_Lekapenos" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanos Lekapenos">Romanos Lekapenos</a>, whose daughter <a href="/wiki/Helena_Lekapene" title="Helena Lekapene">Helena</a> he married, and his sons. Constantine VII is best known for the <i><a href="/wiki/Geoponika" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoponika">Geoponika</a></i> (τά γεοπονικά), an important <a href="/wiki/Agronomy" title="Agronomy">agronomic</a> treatise compiled during his reign, and three, perhaps four, books; <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/De_Administrando_Imperio" title="De Administrando Imperio">De Administrando Imperio</a></i></span> (bearing in Greek the heading Πρὸς τὸν ἴδιον υἱὸν Ῥωμανόν),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoravcsik1967_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoravcsik1967-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/De_Ceremoniis" title="De Ceremoniis">De Ceremoniis</a></i></span> (Περὶ τῆς Βασιλείου Τάξεως), <i><a href="/wiki/De_Thematibus" class="mw-redirect" title="De Thematibus">De Thematibus</a></i> (Περὶ θεμάτων Άνατολῆς καὶ Δύσεως), and <i><a href="/wiki/Vita_Basilii" title="Vita Basilii">Vita Basilii</a></i> (Βίος Βασιλείου), though his authorship of the <i>Vita Basilii</i> is not certain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELogos2019a10,_10B_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELogos2019a10,_10B-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELogos2019b10–12_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELogos2019b10–12-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The epithet <i>porphyrogenitus</i> alludes to the Purple chamber of the imperial palace, decorated with <a href="/wiki/Porphyry_(geology)" title="Porphyry (geology)">porphyry</a>, where legitimate children of reigning emperors were normally born. Constantine was also born in this room, although his mother Zoe had not been married to Leo at that time. Nevertheless, the <a href="/wiki/Epithet" title="Epithet">epithet</a> allowed him to underline his position as the <a href="/wiki/Legitimation#Family_law" title="Legitimation">legitimate</a> son, as opposed to all others, who claimed the throne during his lifetime. Sons born to a reigning Emperor held precedence in the Eastern Roman <a href="/wiki/Line_of_succession" class="mw-redirect" title="Line of succession">line of succession</a> over elder sons not <a href="/wiki/Born_in_the_purple" title="Born in the purple">born "in the purple"</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_VII&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regency">Regency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_VII&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Regency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Constantine was born in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> on 17/18 May 905,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an illegitimate son of Leo VI before an uncanonical fourth marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1969260_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1969260-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To help legitimize him, his mother gave birth to him in the Purple Room of the imperial palace, hence his nickname <i>Porphyrogennetos</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1969260_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1969260-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_Byzantine_emperor" title="Coronation of the Byzantine emperor">elevated to the throne</a> as a two-year-old child by his father and uncle on 15 May 908 (<a href="/wiki/Whitsunday" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitsunday">Whitsunday</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 913, as his uncle <a href="/wiki/Alexander_(Byzantine_emperor)" title="Alexander (Byzantine emperor)">Alexander</a> lay dying, he appointed a seven-man <a href="/wiki/Regency" class="mw-redirect" title="Regency">regency</a> council for Constantine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETreadgold1997473_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETreadgold1997473-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was headed by the Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Mystikos" title="Nicholas Mystikos">Nicholas Mystikos</a>, the two <i><a href="/wiki/Magistros" class="mw-redirect" title="Magistros">magistroi</a></i> <a href="/wiki/John_Eladas" title="John Eladas">John Eladas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_(son_of_Kalomaria)" title="Stephen (son of Kalomaria)">Stephen</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Rhaiktor" title="Rhaiktor">rhaiktor</a></i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Lazanes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Lazanes (page does not exist)">John Lazanes</a>, the otherwise obscure Euthymius and Alexander's henchmen Basilitzes and Gabrielopoulos.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunciman198847–48_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERunciman198847–48-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following Alexander's death (6 June),<sup id="cite_ref-T1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the new and shaky regime survived the attempted usurpation of <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Doukas_(usurper)" title="Constantine Doukas (usurper)">Constantine Doukas</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunciman198849–50_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERunciman198849–50-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos quickly assumed a dominant position among the regents.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunciman198849ff._13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERunciman198849ff.-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Patriarch Nicholas was presently forced to make peace with <a href="/wiki/Simeon_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Simeon I of Bulgaria">Tsar Simeon</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, whom he reluctantly recognized as Bulgarian emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunciman1930275_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERunciman1930275-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of this unpopular concession, Patriarch Nicholas was driven out of the regency by Constantine's mother <a href="/wiki/Zoe_Karbonopsina" title="Zoe Karbonopsina">Zoe</a>. She was no more successful with the Bulgarians, who defeated her main supporter, the general <a href="/wiki/Leo_Phokas_the_Elder" title="Leo Phokas the Elder">Leo Phokas</a>, in 917.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarland1999121_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarland1999121-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 919, she was replaced as regent by the <a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Romanos_Lekapenos" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanos Lekapenos">Romanos Lekapenos</a>, who married his daughter <a href="/wiki/Helena_Lekapene" title="Helena Lekapene">Helena Lekapene</a> to Constantine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarland1999123_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarland1999123-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romanos used his position to advance to the ranks of <i><a href="/wiki/Basileopator" title="Basileopator">basileopatōr</a></i> in April 919, to <i>kaisar</i> (<a href="/wiki/Caesar_(title)" title="Caesar (title)">Caesar</a>) on 24 September 920, and finally to co-emperor on 17 December 920.<sup id="cite_ref-T1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, just short of reaching nominal <a href="/wiki/Age_of_majority" title="Age of majority">majority</a>, Constantine was eclipsed by a senior emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1969264_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1969264-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Constantine's youth had been a sad one due to his unpleasant appearance, his taciturn nature, and his relegation to the third level of succession, behind <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lekapenos" title="Christopher Lekapenos">Christopher Lekapenos</a>, the eldest son of Romanos I Lekapenos.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELogos2019a10,_10B_and_note_9_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELogos2019a10,_10B_and_note_9-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELogos2019b10–12_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELogos2019b10–12-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, he was a very intelligent young man with a large range of interests, and he dedicated those years to studying the court's ceremony. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senior_emperor">Senior emperor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_VII&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Senior emperor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:114_-_Constantine_VII,_1st_portrait_(Mutinensis_-_color).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/114_-_Constantine_VII%2C_1st_portrait_%28Mutinensis_-_color%29.png/180px-114_-_Constantine_VII%2C_1st_portrait_%28Mutinensis_-_color%29.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/114_-_Constantine_VII%2C_1st_portrait_%28Mutinensis_-_color%29.png/270px-114_-_Constantine_VII%2C_1st_portrait_%28Mutinensis_-_color%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/114_-_Constantine_VII%2C_1st_portrait_%28Mutinensis_-_color%29.png/360px-114_-_Constantine_VII%2C_1st_portrait_%28Mutinensis_-_color%29.png 2x" data-file-width="366" data-file-height="577" /></a><figcaption>Depiction of Constantine VII in a <a href="/wiki/Mutinensis_gr._122" title="Mutinensis gr. 122">15th-century codex</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Romanos kept and maintained power until 16/20 December 944, when he was deposed by his sons, the co-emperors <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lekapenos" title="Stephen Lekapenos">Stephen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Lekapenos" title="Constantine Lekapenos">Constantine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-T2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romanos spent the last years of his life in exile on the Island of <a href="/wiki/Prote" class="mw-redirect" title="Prote">Prote</a> as a monk and died on 15 June 948.<sup id="cite_ref-T2_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the help of his wife, Constantine VII succeeded in removing his brothers-in-law, and on 27 January 945, Constantine VII became sole emperor at the age of 39, after a life spent in the shadow.<sup id="cite_ref-T2_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-S_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several months later, on 6 April (<a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a>), Constantine VII crowned his own son <a href="/wiki/Romanos_II" title="Romanos II">Romanos II</a> co-emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-S_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having never exercised executive authority, Constantine remained primarily devoted to his scholarly pursuits and delegated his authority to bureaucrats and generals, as well as to his energetic wife Helena Lekapene.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1969278–279_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1969278–279-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 947, Constantine VII ordered the immediate restitution of all peasant lands, without compensation; by the end of his reign, the condition of the landed peasantry, which formed the foundation of the whole economic and military strength of the Empire, was better off than it had been for a century.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 949, Constantine launched a new fleet of 100 ships (20 <i><a href="/wiki/Dromon" title="Dromon">dromons</a></i>, 64 <i><a href="/wiki/Chelandia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelandia">chelandia</a></i>, and 10 galleys) against the <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> corsairs hiding in <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, but like his father's attempt to retake the island in 911, this attempt also failed. </p><p>On the Eastern frontier things went better, even if with alternate success. In the same year, the Byzantines conquered <a href="/wiki/Germanicea" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanicea">Germanicea</a>, repeatedly defeated the enemy armies, and in 952 they crossed the upper <a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a>. But in 953, the <a href="/wiki/Hamdanid_dynasty" title="Hamdanid dynasty">Hamdanid</a> <i>amir</i> <a href="/wiki/Sayf_al-Dawla" title="Sayf al-Dawla">Sayf al-Dawla</a> retook Germanicea and entered the imperial territory. The land in the east was eventually recovered by <a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikephoros II">Nikephoros Phokas</a>, who conquered <a href="/wiki/Hadath" title="Hadath">Adata</a>, in northern <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, in 958, and by the general <a href="/wiki/John_Tzimiskes" class="mw-redirect" title="John Tzimiskes">John Tzimiskes</a>, who one year later captured <a href="/wiki/Samosata" class="mw-redirect" title="Samosata">Samosata</a>, in northern <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>. An Arab fleet was also destroyed by <a href="/wiki/Greek_fire" title="Greek fire">Greek fire</a> in 957. </p><p>Constantine had active diplomatic relationships with foreign courts, including those of the <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a> of <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Cordoba</a> <a href="/wiki/Abd_ar-Rahman_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd ar-Rahman III">Abd ar-Rahman III</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor</a>. In the autumn of 957 Constantine was visited by <a href="/wiki/Olga_of_Kiev" title="Olga of Kiev">Olga of Kiev</a>, regent of the <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a>. The reasons for this voyage have never been clarified; but she was baptised a Christian with the name Helena, and sought Christian missionaries to encourage her people to adopt <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>. According to legends, Constantine VII fell in love with Olga, but she found a way to refuse him by tricking him into becoming her <a href="/wiki/Godparent" title="Godparent">godfather</a>. When she was baptized, she said it was inappropriate for a godfather to marry his goddaughter.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Constantine VII died at Constantinople on 9 November 959 and was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Romanos_II" title="Romanos II">Romanos II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was rumored that he had been poisoned by his son or his daughter-in-law <a href="/wiki/Theophano_(born_Anastaso)" title="Theophano (born Anastaso)">Theophano</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1956283_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1956283-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Madrid_Skylitzes'_depictions_of_Constantine"><span id="Madrid_Skylitzes.27_depictions_of_Constantine"></span>Madrid Skylitzes' depictions of Constantine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_VII&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Madrid Skylitzes' depictions of Constantine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Patriarch_Nicholas_Mystikos_baptizes_Constantine_VII_Porphyrogennetos.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baptism of Constantine VII by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos."><img alt="Baptism of Constantine VII by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Patriarch_Nicholas_Mystikos_baptizes_Constantine_VII_Porphyrogennetos.jpg/120px-Patriarch_Nicholas_Mystikos_baptizes_Constantine_VII_Porphyrogennetos.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Patriarch_Nicholas_Mystikos_baptizes_Constantine_VII_Porphyrogennetos.jpg/180px-Patriarch_Nicholas_Mystikos_baptizes_Constantine_VII_Porphyrogennetos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Patriarch_Nicholas_Mystikos_baptizes_Constantine_VII_Porphyrogennetos.jpg/240px-Patriarch_Nicholas_Mystikos_baptizes_Constantine_VII_Porphyrogennetos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="655" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Baptism of Constantine VII by Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Mystikos" title="Nicholas Mystikos">Nicholas Mystikos</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Constantine_VII_dining_with_Tsar_Symeon_of_Bulgaria.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Constantine VII dining with Simeon of Bulgaria.[c]"><img alt="Constantine VII dining with Simeon of Bulgaria.[c]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Constantine_VII_dining_with_Tsar_Symeon_of_Bulgaria.jpg/120px-Constantine_VII_dining_with_Tsar_Symeon_of_Bulgaria.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Constantine_VII_dining_with_Tsar_Symeon_of_Bulgaria.jpg/180px-Constantine_VII_dining_with_Tsar_Symeon_of_Bulgaria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Constantine_VII_dining_with_Tsar_Symeon_of_Bulgaria.jpg/240px-Constantine_VII_dining_with_Tsar_Symeon_of_Bulgaria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1182" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Constantine VII dining with Simeon of Bulgaria.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgarians_defeat_the_Byzantines_at_Anchialos.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Bulgarians crush the Byzantine army led by Leo Phokas at Anchialus."><img alt="The Bulgarians crush the Byzantine army led by Leo Phokas at Anchialus." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bulgarians_defeat_the_Byzantines_at_Anchialos.jpg/120px-Bulgarians_defeat_the_Byzantines_at_Anchialos.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bulgarians_defeat_the_Byzantines_at_Anchialos.jpg/180px-Bulgarians_defeat_the_Byzantines_at_Anchialos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bulgarians_defeat_the_Byzantines_at_Anchialos.jpg/240px-Bulgarians_defeat_the_Byzantines_at_Anchialos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1568" data-file-height="672" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">Bulgarians</a> crush the Byzantine army led by Leo Phokas at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Achelous_(917)" title="Battle of Achelous (917)">Anchialus</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leo_Phokas%27_supporters_surrender_to_Romanos_Lekapenos.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The supporters of Leo Phokas bow to the usurper Romanos Lekapenos."><img alt="The supporters of Leo Phokas bow to the usurper Romanos Lekapenos." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Leo_Phokas%27_supporters_surrender_to_Romanos_Lekapenos.jpg/120px-Leo_Phokas%27_supporters_surrender_to_Romanos_Lekapenos.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Leo_Phokas%27_supporters_surrender_to_Romanos_Lekapenos.jpg/180px-Leo_Phokas%27_supporters_surrender_to_Romanos_Lekapenos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Leo_Phokas%27_supporters_surrender_to_Romanos_Lekapenos.jpg/240px-Leo_Phokas%27_supporters_surrender_to_Romanos_Lekapenos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1336" data-file-height="556" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The supporters of Leo Phokas bow to the usurper <a href="/wiki/Romanos_I_Lekapenos" title="Romanos I Lekapenos">Romanos Lekapenos</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saracens_of_Crete_defeat_the_Byzantine_army.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The Saracens of Crete foil a Byzantine attempt at reconquest."><img alt="The Saracens of Crete foil a Byzantine attempt at reconquest." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Saracens_of_Crete_defeat_the_Byzantine_army.png/120px-Saracens_of_Crete_defeat_the_Byzantine_army.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Saracens_of_Crete_defeat_the_Byzantine_army.png/180px-Saracens_of_Crete_defeat_the_Byzantine_army.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Saracens_of_Crete_defeat_the_Byzantine_army.png/240px-Saracens_of_Crete_defeat_the_Byzantine_army.png 2x" data-file-width="1573" data-file-height="568" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Crete" title="Emirate of Crete">Saracens</a> of Crete foil a Byzantine attempt at reconquest.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leo_Phokas_defeats_the_Arabs_in_950,_escape_of_Chalkoutzes.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Leo Phokas the Younger defeats the Hamdanid Emir Sayf al-Dawla."><img alt="Leo Phokas the Younger defeats the Hamdanid Emir Sayf al-Dawla." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Leo_Phokas_defeats_the_Arabs_in_950%2C_escape_of_Chalkoutzes.png/120px-Leo_Phokas_defeats_the_Arabs_in_950%2C_escape_of_Chalkoutzes.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Leo_Phokas_defeats_the_Arabs_in_950%2C_escape_of_Chalkoutzes.png/180px-Leo_Phokas_defeats_the_Arabs_in_950%2C_escape_of_Chalkoutzes.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Leo_Phokas_defeats_the_Arabs_in_950%2C_escape_of_Chalkoutzes.png/240px-Leo_Phokas_defeats_the_Arabs_in_950%2C_escape_of_Chalkoutzes.png 2x" data-file-width="1503" data-file-height="687" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Phokas_the_Younger" title="Leo Phokas the Younger">Leo Phokas the Younger</a> defeats the Hamdanid Emir <a href="/wiki/Sayf_al-Dawla" title="Sayf al-Dawla">Sayf al-Dawla</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reception_by_Emperor_Constantine_Porphyrogenitus_of_Princess_Olga_and_her_entourage.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Olga of Kiev is received at the emperor's court."><img alt="Olga of Kiev is received at the emperor's court." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Reception_by_Emperor_Constantine_Porphyrogenitus_of_Princess_Olga_and_her_entourage.jpg/120px-Reception_by_Emperor_Constantine_Porphyrogenitus_of_Princess_Olga_and_her_entourage.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Reception_by_Emperor_Constantine_Porphyrogenitus_of_Princess_Olga_and_her_entourage.jpg/180px-Reception_by_Emperor_Constantine_Porphyrogenitus_of_Princess_Olga_and_her_entourage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Reception_by_Emperor_Constantine_Porphyrogenitus_of_Princess_Olga_and_her_entourage.jpg/240px-Reception_by_Emperor_Constantine_Porphyrogenitus_of_Princess_Olga_and_her_entourage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="503" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Olga_of_Kiev" title="Olga of Kiev">Olga of Kiev</a> is received at the emperor's court.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Constantine_VII_(Roman_emperor),_deathbed.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Madrid Skylitzes' depiction of Constantine on his deathbed"><img alt="The Madrid Skylitzes' depiction of Constantine on his deathbed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Constantine_VII_%28Roman_emperor%29%2C_deathbed.jpg/120px-Constantine_VII_%28Roman_emperor%29%2C_deathbed.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Constantine_VII_%28Roman_emperor%29%2C_deathbed.jpg/180px-Constantine_VII_%28Roman_emperor%29%2C_deathbed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Constantine_VII_%28Roman_emperor%29%2C_deathbed.jpg/240px-Constantine_VII_%28Roman_emperor%29%2C_deathbed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1033" data-file-height="590" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Madrid Skylitzes' depiction of Constantine on his deathbed</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_activity">Literary activity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_VII&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Literary activity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geoponika_12_1_MS_Laur_Plut_59_32_f_171v.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Geoponika_12_1_MS_Laur_Plut_59_32_f_171v.png/220px-Geoponika_12_1_MS_Laur_Plut_59_32_f_171v.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Geoponika_12_1_MS_Laur_Plut_59_32_f_171v.png/330px-Geoponika_12_1_MS_Laur_Plut_59_32_f_171v.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Geoponika_12_1_MS_Laur_Plut_59_32_f_171v.png/440px-Geoponika_12_1_MS_Laur_Plut_59_32_f_171v.png 2x" data-file-width="619" data-file-height="833" /></a><figcaption>A gardening calendar from the <i><a href="/wiki/Geoponika" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoponika">Geoponika</a></i>, MS.Laur.Plut.59.32 f.171v</figcaption></figure> <p>Constantine VII was recognized as a writer and scholar, surrounding himself with educated people of the Imperial Court.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELogos2019a10,_10B_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELogos2019a10,_10B-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote, or had commissioned, the works <i><a href="/wiki/Geoponika" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoponika">Geoponika</a></i> ("On Agriculture", in Greek Τὰ γεωπονικά), a compilation of <a href="/wiki/Agronomic" class="mw-redirect" title="Agronomic">agronomic</a> works from earlier Greek and <a href="/wiki/Punic" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic">Punic</a> texts that are otherwise lost; <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/De_Ceremoniis" title="De Ceremoniis">De Ceremoniis</a></i></span> ("On Ceremonies", in Greek, Περὶ τῆς βασιλείου τάξεως), describing the kinds of court ceremonies (also described later in a more negative light by <a href="/wiki/Liutprand_of_Cremona" title="Liutprand of Cremona">Liutprand of Cremona</a>); <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/De_Administrando_Imperio" title="De Administrando Imperio">De Administrando Imperio</a></i></span> ("On the Administration of the Empire", bearing in Greek the heading Πρὸς τὸν ἴδιον ὑιὸν Ρωμανόν),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoravcsik1967_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoravcsik1967-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> giving advice on running the Empire internally and on fighting external enemies; a history of the Empire covering events following the death of the chronographer <a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a> in 817; and <i><a href="/wiki/Constantinian_Excerpts" title="Constantinian Excerpts">Excerpta Historica</a></i> ("Excerpts from the Histories"), a collection of excerpts from ancient historians (many of whose works are now lost) in four volumes (1. De legationibus. 2. De virtutibus et vitiis. 3. De insidiis. 4. De sententiis). In <i>The Manuscript Tradition of Polybius</i>, John Michael Moore (CUP, 1965) provides a useful summary of the commission by Porphyrogenitus of the Constantine Excerpts: </p> <blockquote> <p>He felt that the historical studies were being seriously neglected, mainly because of the bulk of the histories. He therefore decided that a selection under fifty-three titles should be made from all the important historians extant in Constantinople; thus he hoped to assemble in a more manageable compass the most valuable parts of each author. ... Of the fifty-three titles into which the excerpts were divided, only six have survived: <i>de Virtutibus et Vitiis; de Sententiis; de Insidiis; de Strategematis; de Legationibus Gentium ad Romanos; de Legationibus Romanorum ad Gentes</i>. The titles of only about half the remaining forty-seven sections are known.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Also amongst his historical works is a history eulogizing the reign and achievements of his grandfather, <a href="/wiki/Basil_I" title="Basil I">Basil I</a> (<i>Vita Basilii</i>, Βίος Βασιλείου). These books are insightful and of interest to the historian, sociologist, and anthropologist as a source of information about nations neighbouring the Empire. They also offer a fine insight into the Emperor himself. </p><p>In his book, <i>A Short History of Byzantium</i>, <a href="/wiki/John_Julius_Norwich" title="John Julius Norwich">John Julius Norwich</a> refers to Constantine VII as "The Scholar Emperor".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Norwich describes Constantine: </p> <blockquote> <p>He was, we are told, a passionate collector—not only of books and manuscripts but works of art of every kind; more remarkable still for a man of his class, he seems to have been an excellent painter. He was the most generous of patrons—to writers and scholars, artists and craftsmen. Finally, he was an excellent Emperor: a competent, conscientious and hard-working administrator and an inspired picker of men, whose appointments to military, naval, ecclesiastical, civil and academic posts were both imaginative and successful. He did much to develop higher education and took a special interest in the administration of justice.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_VII&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By his wife <a href="/wiki/Helena_Lekapene" title="Helena Lekapene">Helena Lekapene</a>, the daughter of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Romanos_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanos I">Romanos I</a>, Constantine VII had several children:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ25888html_Konstantinos_VII._(#23734)]_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ25888html_Konstantinos_VII._(#23734)]-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Leo (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 939–944), who died young.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ26572html_Leon_(#24418)]_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ26572html_Leon_(#24418)]-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanos_II" title="Romanos II">Romanos II</a> (939–963), who succeeded as emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKazhdan19911806_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKazhdan19911806-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Zoe, sent to a convent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ30662html_Zoe_(#28507)]_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ30662html_Zoe_(#28507)]-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora,_daughter_of_Constantine_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodora, daughter of Constantine VII">Theodora</a>, who married emperor <a href="/wiki/John_I_Tzimiskes" title="John I Tzimiskes">John I Tzimiskes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ29759html_Theodora_(#27604)]_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ29759html_Theodora_(#27604)]-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Agatha, sent to a convent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ22322html_Agathe_(#20169)]_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ22322html_Agathe_(#20169)]-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Theophano, sent to a convent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ30281html_Theophano_(#28126)]_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ30281html_Theophano_(#28126)]-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Anna, sent to a convent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ22588html_Anna_(#28126)]_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ22588html_Anna_(#28126)]-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_VII&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Constantine VII is still remembered in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a> liturgy when the transfer of the <a href="/wiki/Image_of_Edessa" title="Image of Edessa">Holy Mandylion</a> is celebrated on 16 August in the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a> which corresponds to 31 August in the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>. This feast is part of the <a href="/wiki/Nut_Feast_of_the_Saviour" title="Nut Feast of the Saviour">Nut Feast of the Saviour</a> for <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Solidi">Solidi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_VII&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Solidi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ConstantineVII.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Solidus of Constantine VII."><img alt="Solidus of Constantine VII." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/ConstantineVII.png/160px-ConstantineVII.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/ConstantineVII.png/240px-ConstantineVII.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/ConstantineVII.png/320px-ConstantineVII.png 2x" data-file-width="731" data-file-height="709" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Solidus of Constantine VII.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Leo_VI_with_Constantine_VII_(reverse).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gold solidus depicting Leo VI and Constantine VII, 908–913."><img alt="Gold solidus depicting Leo VI and Constantine VII, 908–913." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Solidus_of_Leo_VI_with_Constantine_VII_%28reverse%29.jpg/160px-Solidus_of_Leo_VI_with_Constantine_VII_%28reverse%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Solidus_of_Leo_VI_with_Constantine_VII_%28reverse%29.jpg/240px-Solidus_of_Leo_VI_with_Constantine_VII_%28reverse%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Solidus_of_Leo_VI_with_Constantine_VII_%28reverse%29.jpg/320px-Solidus_of_Leo_VI_with_Constantine_VII_%28reverse%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1109" data-file-height="1072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gold <a href="/wiki/Solidus_(coin)" title="Solidus (coin)">solidus</a> depicting <a href="/wiki/Leo_VI_the_Wise" title="Leo VI the Wise">Leo VI</a> and Constantine VII, 908–913.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Constantine_VII_with_Zoe_(reverse).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zoe Karbonopsina and Constantine VII, 914–919."><img alt="Zoe Karbonopsina and Constantine VII, 914–919." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Solidus_of_Constantine_VII_with_Zoe_%28reverse%29.jpg/160px-Solidus_of_Constantine_VII_with_Zoe_%28reverse%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Solidus_of_Constantine_VII_with_Zoe_%28reverse%29.jpg/240px-Solidus_of_Constantine_VII_with_Zoe_%28reverse%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Solidus_of_Constantine_VII_with_Zoe_%28reverse%29.jpg/320px-Solidus_of_Constantine_VII_with_Zoe_%28reverse%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="1188" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Zoe_Karbonopsina" title="Zoe Karbonopsina">Zoe Karbonopsina</a> and Constantine VII, 914–919.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Constantine_VII_with_Romanos_I_(reverse).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Romanos I Lekapenos and Constantine VII, 920–945."><img alt="Romanos I Lekapenos and Constantine VII, 920–945." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Constantine_VII_with_Romanos_I_%28reverse%29.jpg/160px-Constantine_VII_with_Romanos_I_%28reverse%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Constantine_VII_with_Romanos_I_%28reverse%29.jpg/240px-Constantine_VII_with_Romanos_I_%28reverse%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Constantine_VII_with_Romanos_I_%28reverse%29.jpg/320px-Constantine_VII_with_Romanos_I_%28reverse%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1269" data-file-height="1192" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Romanos_I_Lekapenos" title="Romanos I Lekapenos">Romanos I Lekapenos</a> and Constantine VII, 920–945.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Romanos_I,_Constantine_VII_%26_Christopher.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Romanos I with Constantine VII[d] and Christopher, 921–931."><img alt="Romanos I with Constantine VII[d] and Christopher, 921–931." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Romanos_I%2C_Constantine_VII_%26_Christopher.jpg/160px-Romanos_I%2C_Constantine_VII_%26_Christopher.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Romanos_I%2C_Constantine_VII_%26_Christopher.jpg/240px-Romanos_I%2C_Constantine_VII_%26_Christopher.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Romanos_I%2C_Constantine_VII_%26_Christopher.jpg/320px-Romanos_I%2C_Constantine_VII_%26_Christopher.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="359" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Romanos I with Constantine VII<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lekapenos" title="Christopher Lekapenos">Christopher</a>, 921–931.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Constantine_VII_s1747.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Constantine VII as sole emperor, 945–959."><img alt="Constantine VII as sole emperor, 945–959." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Constantine_VII_s1747.jpg/160px-Constantine_VII_s1747.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Constantine_VII_s1747.jpg/240px-Constantine_VII_s1747.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Constantine_VII_s1747.jpg/320px-Constantine_VII_s1747.jpg 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="380" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Constantine VII as sole emperor, 945–959. </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_VII&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg/28px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg/42px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg/56px-Byzantine_imperial_flag%2C_14th_century%2C_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Byzantine_Empire" title="Portal:Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">List of Byzantine emperors</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_VII&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Recorded under the <a href="/wiki/Classical_Armenian" title="Classical Armenian">Armenian</a> form and word order as <i>Ogostos Kostandianos</i> in <a href="/wiki/Hovhannes_Draskhanakerttsi" title="Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi">Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi</a> LIV.26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Lekapenos" title="Constantine Lekapenos">Constantine Lekapenos</a> is not given a <a href="/wiki/Regnal_number" title="Regnal number">regnal number</a> because he never became senior emperor (even though he briefly usurped his father), as per Byzantine historiography.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The scene is clearly imaginary, as Constantine was only 8 years old at the time.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Or <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Lekapenos" title="Constantine Lekapenos">Constantine Lekapenos</a>, or possibly both.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_VII&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoravcsik1967-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoravcsik1967_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoravcsik1967_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoravcsik1967">Moravcsik 1967</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELogos2019a10,_10B-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELogos2019a10,_10B_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELogos2019a10,_10B_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLogos2019a">Logos 2019a</a>, pp. 10, 10B.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELogos2019b10–12-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELogos2019b10–12_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELogos2019b10–12_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLogos2019b">Logos 2019b</a>, pp. 10–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grumel, V. (1937). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/rebyz_1146-9447_1937_num_36_185_2891">Une date historico-liturgique</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Revue_des_%C3%A9tudes_byzantines" title="Revue des études byzantines">Revue des études byzantines</a></i> <b>36</b> (185): 52–64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1969260-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1969260_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1969260_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOstrogorsky1969">Ostrogorsky 1969</a>, p. 260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Skylitzes" title="John Skylitzes">John Skylitzes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vGE8Xq832A0C&pg=PA184">VII.32</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grierson, P., & Jenkins, R. (1962). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/44169041">The date of Constantine VII's coronation</a>". <i>Byzantion</i> <b>32</b> (1): 133–138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETreadgold1997473-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETreadgold1997473_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTreadgold1997">Treadgold 1997</a>, p. 473.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERunciman198847–48-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunciman198847–48_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRunciman1988">Runciman 1988</a>, pp. 47–48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-T1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-T1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-T1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_Continuatus" title="Theophanes Continuatus">Theophanes Continuatus</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0GgGAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA397">394–398</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/CSHB" class="mw-redirect" title="CSHB">CSHB</a></i> <b>45</b>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERunciman198849–50-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunciman198849–50_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRunciman1988">Runciman 1988</a>, pp. 49–50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERunciman198849ff.-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunciman198849ff._13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRunciman1988">Runciman 1988</a>, pp. 49ff..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERunciman1930275-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunciman1930275_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRunciman1930">Runciman 1930</a>, p. 275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarland1999121-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarland1999121_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarland1999">Garland 1999</a>, p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarland1999123-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarland1999123_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarland1999">Garland 1999</a>, p. 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1969264-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1969264_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOstrogorsky1969">Ostrogorsky 1969</a>, p. 264.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELogos2019a10,_10B_and_note_9-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELogos2019a10,_10B_and_note_9_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLogos2019a">Logos 2019a</a>, pp. 10, 10B and note 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-T2-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-T2_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-T2_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-T2_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_Continuatus" title="Theophanes Continuatus">Theophanes Continuatus</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theophanesconti01theogoog/page/n448/mode/1up">436–441</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Skylitzes" title="John Skylitzes">John Skylitzes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/skylitzes-2010/page/227/mode/1up">XI.1–2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFoss2005" class="citation journal cs1">Foss, Clive (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/numi_0484-8942_2005_num_6_161_2594">"Emperors named Constantine"</a>. <i>Revue numismatique</i>. <b>6</b> (161): 93–102. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fnumi.2005.2594">10.3406/numi.2005.2594</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+numismatique&rft.atitle=Emperors+named+Constantine&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=161&rft.pages=93-102&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fnumi.2005.2594&rft.aulast=Foss&rft.aufirst=Clive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Fnumi_0484-8942_2005_num_6_161_2594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstantine+VII" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-S-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-S_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-S_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Skylitzes" title="John Skylitzes">John Skylitzes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/skylitzes-2010/page/228/mode/1up">XI.1–3.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1969278–279-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1969278–279_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOstrogorsky1969">Ostrogorsky 1969</a>, pp. 278–279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norwich, 182–183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._H._Cross_and_O._P._Sherbowizt-Wetzor_(trans.)1953" class="citation book cs1">S. H. Cross and O. P. Sherbowizt-Wetzor (trans.) (1953). <i>The Russian Primary Chronicle: Laurentian Text</i>. Cambridge, MA: Medieval Academy of America. pp. 82–83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780915651320" title="Special:BookSources/9780915651320"><bdi>9780915651320</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Russian+Primary+Chronicle%3A+Laurentian+Text&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=82-83&rft.pub=Medieval+Academy+of+America&rft.date=1953&rft.isbn=9780915651320&rft.au=S.+H.+Cross+and+O.+P.+Sherbowizt-Wetzor+%28trans.%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstantine+VII" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/George_Kedrenos" title="George Kedrenos">George Kedrenos</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nbkVAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA337">II, 337</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/CSHB" class="mw-redirect" title="CSHB">CSHB</a></i> <b>8</b>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For other dates proposed, see: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrierson1962" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Grierson" title="Philip Grierson">Grierson, P.</a> (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/SevcenkoStudies19611992/page/n79/mode/1up">"The Tombs and Obits of the Byzantine Emperors"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Oaks_Papers" title="Dumbarton Oaks Papers">Dumbarton Oaks Papers</a></i>. <b>16</b>: 58. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1291157">10.2307/1291157</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1291157">1291157</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dumbarton+Oaks+Papers&rft.atitle=The+Tombs+and+Obits+of+the+Byzantine+Emperors&rft.volume=16&rft.pages=58&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1291157&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1291157%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Grierson&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FSevcenkoStudies19611992%2Fpage%2Fn79%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstantine+VII" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1956283-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1956283_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOstrogorsky1956">Ostrogorsky 1956</a>, p. 283.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moore, 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norwich, John Julius. (1997) <i>A Short History of Byzantium</i>. London: Viking, p. 180. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-45088-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-45088-2">0-679-45088-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norwich, 181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ25888html_Konstantinos_VII._(#23734)]-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ25888html_Konstantinos_VII._(#23734)]_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPmbZ">PmbZ</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ25888/html">Konstantinos VII. (#23734)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ26572html_Leon_(#24418)]-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ26572html_Leon_(#24418)]_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPmbZ">PmbZ</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ26572/html">Leon (#24418)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKazhdan19911806-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKazhdan19911806_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKazhdan1991">Kazhdan 1991</a>, p. 1806.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ30662html_Zoe_(#28507)]-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ30662html_Zoe_(#28507)]_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPmbZ">PmbZ</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ30662/html">Zoe (#28507)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ29759html_Theodora_(#27604)]-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ29759html_Theodora_(#27604)]_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPmbZ">PmbZ</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ29759/html">Theodora (#27604)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ22322html_Agathe_(#20169)]-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ22322html_Agathe_(#20169)]_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPmbZ">PmbZ</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ22322/html">Agathe (#20169)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ30281html_Theophano_(#28126)]-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ30281html_Theophano_(#28126)]_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPmbZ">PmbZ</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ30281/html">Theophano (#28126)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ22588html_Anna_(#28126)]-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPmbZ[httpswwwdegruytercomdatabasePMBZentryPMBZ22588html_Anna_(#28126)]_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPmbZ">PmbZ</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ22588/html">Anna (#28126)</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_VII&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Constantine VII, <i>De ceremoniis</i>, ed. J. Reiske (2 vols., 1829, 1830). English translation '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/title/34802">The Book of Ceremonies</a>' accompanying the Greek text in 2 volumes by Ann Moffatt and Maxeme Tall, Canberra 2012 (Byzantina Australiensia 18).</li> <li>Constantine VII, 'Story of the Image of Edessa', tr. B. Slater, J. Jackson, in I. Wilson, <i>The Turin Shroud</i> (1978), pp. 235–251</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarland1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lynda_Garland" title="Lynda Garland">Garland, Lynda</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/LyndaGarlandByzantineEmpressesWomenAndPowerInByzantiumAA.D.52712041999"><i>Byzantine Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium, AD 527–1204</i></a>. Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantine+Empresses%3A+Women+and+Power+in+Byzantium%2C+AD+527%E2%80%931204&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Garland&rft.aufirst=Lynda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FLyndaGarlandByzantineEmpressesWomenAndPowerInByzantiumAA.D.52712041999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstantine+VII" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Constantine VII, <i>Three treatises on Imperial military expeditions</i>, ed. tr. J.F. Haldon (1990).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFФерјанчић1959" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%BEidar_Ferjan%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Božidar Ferjančić">Ферјанчић, Божидар</a> (1959). "Константин VII Порфирогенит". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/15762910/SANU-Posebna-Izdanja-Vizantijski-Izvori-Za-Istoriju-Naroda-Jugoslavije-Tom-2"><i>Византиски извори за историју народа Југославије</i></a>. Vol. 2. Београд: Византолошки институт. pp. 1–98.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD+VII+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5&rft.place=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4&rft.pages=1-98&rft.pub=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%9B&rft.aufirst=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F15762910%2FSANU-Posebna-Izdanja-Vizantijski-Izvori-Za-Istoriju-Naroda-Jugoslavije-Tom-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstantine+VII" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKazhdan1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kazhdan" title="Alexander Kazhdan">Kazhdan, Alexander</a>, ed. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/odb_20210521/page/502">"Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_Byzantium" title="Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium">The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 502–503.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Constantine+VII+Porphyrogennetos&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Byzantium&rft.pages=502-503&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fodb_20210521%2Fpage%2F502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstantine+VII" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoravcsik1967" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gyula_Moravcsik" title="Gyula Moravcsik">Moravcsik, Gyula</a>, ed. (1967) [1949]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3al15wpFWiMC"><i>Constantine Porphyrogenitus: De Administrando Imperio</i></a> (2nd revised ed.). Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780884020219" title="Special:BookSources/9780884020219"><bdi>9780884020219</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constantine+Porphyrogenitus%3A+De+Administrando+Imperio&rft.place=Washington+D.C.&rft.edition=2nd+revised&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks+Center+for+Byzantine+Studies&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=9780884020219&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3al15wpFWiMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstantine+VII" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOstrogorsky1956" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Ostrogorsky" title="George Ostrogorsky">Ostrogorsky, George</a> (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bt0_AAAAYAAJ"><i>History of the Byzantine State</i></a>. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Byzantine+State&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Basil+Blackwell&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Ostrogorsky&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBt0_AAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstantine+VII" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOstrogorsky1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Ostrogorsky" title="George Ostrogorsky">Ostrogorsky, George</a> (1969). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofbyzanti00ostr"><i>History of the Byzantine State</i></a></span>. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8135-0599-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8135-0599-2"><bdi>0-8135-0599-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Byzantine+State&rft.place=New+Brunswick%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=0-8135-0599-2&rft.aulast=Ostrogorsky&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofbyzanti00ostr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstantine+VII" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRunciman1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Runciman" title="Steven Runciman">Runciman, Steven</a> (1988) [1929]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XHVzWN6gqxQC"><i>The Emperor Romanus Lecapenus and His Reign: A Study of Tenth-Century Byzantium</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521357227" title="Special:BookSources/9780521357227"><bdi>9780521357227</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Emperor+Romanus+Lecapenus+and+His+Reign%3A+A+Study+of+Tenth-Century+Byzantium&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780521357227&rft.aulast=Runciman&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXHVzWN6gqxQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstantine+VII" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRunciman1930" class="citation book cs1">Runciman, Steven (1930). <i>A History of the First Bulgarian Empire</i>. G. 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Oxford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-215253-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-215253-X"><bdi>0-19-215253-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constantine+Porphyrogenitus+and+his+world&rft.place=Oxford&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-19-215253-X&rft.aulast=Toynbee&rft.aufirst=Arnold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstantine+VII" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTreadgold1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Treadgold" title="Warren Treadgold">Treadgold, Warren</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nYbnr5XVbzUC"><i>A History of the Byzantine State and Society</i></a>. Stanford, California: <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-2630-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-2630-2"><bdi>0-8047-2630-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Byzantine+State+and+Society&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-8047-2630-2&rft.aulast=Treadgold&rft.aufirst=Warren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnYbnr5XVbzUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstantine+VII" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽivković2006" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tibor_%C5%BDivkovi%C4%87" title="Tibor Živković">Živković, Tibor</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180324160510/http://www.iib.ac.rs/docs/IstorijskiCasopis53(2006).pdf">"Constantine Porhyrogenitus and the Ragusan Authors before 1611"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Историјски часопис</i>. <b>53</b>: 145–164. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iib.ac.rs/docs/IstorijskiCasopis53%282006%29.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81&rft.atitle=Constantine+Porhyrogenitus+and+the+Ragusan+Authors+before+1611&rft.volume=53&rft.pages=145-164&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=%C5%BDivkovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Tibor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iib.ac.rs%2Fdocs%2FIstorijskiCasopis53%25282006%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstantine+VII" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽivković2008" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tibor_%C5%BDivkovi%C4%87" title="Tibor Živković">Živković, Tibor</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180324160351/http://www.iib.ac.rs/docs/IstorijskiCasopis57(2008).pdf">"Constantine Porphyrogenitus' Kastra oikoumena in the Southern Slavs Principalities"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Историјски часопис</i>. <b>57</b>: 9–28. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81&rft.atitle=Constantine+Porphyrogenitus%27+Kastra+oikoumena+in+the+Southern+Slavs+Principalities&rft.volume=57&rft.pages=9-28&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=%C5%BDivkovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Tibor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iib.ac.rs%2Fdocs%2FIstorijskiCasopis57%25282008%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstantine+VII" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽivković2010" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tibor_%C5%BDivkovi%C4%87" title="Tibor Živković">Živković, Tibor</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/94923">"Constantine Porphyrogenitus' Source on the Earliest History of the Croats and Serbs"</a>. <i>Radovi Zavoda Za Hrvatsku Povijest U Zagrebu</i>. <b>42</b>: 117–131.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radovi+Zavoda+Za+Hrvatsku+Povijest+U+Zagrebu&rft.atitle=Constantine+Porphyrogenitus%27+Source+on+the+Earliest+History+of+the+Croats+and+Serbs&rft.volume=42&rft.pages=117-131&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=%C5%BDivkovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Tibor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Ffile%2F94923&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstantine+VII" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽivković2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tibor_%C5%BDivkovi%C4%87" title="Tibor Živković">Živković, Tibor</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1231887"><i>De conversione Croatorum et Serborum: A Lost Source</i></a>. Belgrade: The Institute of History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+conversione+Croatorum+et+Serborum%3A+A+Lost+Source&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.pub=The+Institute+of+History&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=%C5%BDivkovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Tibor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1231887&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstantine+VII" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPmbZ" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ralph-Johannes_Lilie" title="Ralph-Johannes Lilie">Lilie, Ralph-Johannes</a>; et al. (2013). <i><a href="/wiki/Prosopographie_der_mittelbyzantinischen_Zeit" class="mw-redirect" title="Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit">Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit</a></i> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fpmbz">10.1515/pmbz</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prosopographie+der+mittelbyzantinischen+Zeit&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fpmbz&rft.aulast=Lilie&rft.aufirst=Ralph-Johannes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstantine+VII" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLogos2019a" class="citation cs2">Logos, Aleksandar (2019a), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/40215504">"De administrando imperio: Time of creation and some corrections for translation"</a>, <i>academia.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=academia.edu&rft.atitle=De+administrando+imperio%3A+Time+of+creation+and+some+corrections+for+translation&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Logos&rft.aufirst=Aleksandar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F40215504&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstantine+VII" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLogos2019b" class="citation book cs1">Logos, Aleksandar (2019b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/42147440"><i>Istorija Srba 1 – Dopuna 4; Istorija Srba 5</i></a>. Beograd: ATC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-86-85117-46-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-86-85117-46-6"><bdi>978-86-85117-46-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Istorija+Srba+1+%E2%80%93+Dopuna+4%3B+Istorija+Srba+5&rft.place=Beograd&rft.pub=ATC&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-86-85117-46-6&rft.aulast=Logos&rft.aufirst=Aleksandar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F42147440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstantine+VII" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_VII&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Constantine_VII" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Constantine VII">Konstantinos VII</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Konstantinos_VII_Porphyrogennetos" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Konstantinos VII Porphyrogennetos">Konstantinos VII Porphyrogennetos</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/30_20_0913-0959-_Constantinus_Porphyrogenitus.html">Written works by Constantine VII; Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Graeca with analytical indexes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/earlyhistoryofsl00consrich">De administrando Imperio chapters 29–36</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Constantine VII </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_dynasty" title="Macedonian dynasty">Macedonian Dynasty</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 18 May 905</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 9 November 959</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_(Byzantine_emperor)" title="Alexander (Byzantine emperor)">Alexander</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">Byzantine emperor</a> </b><br />6 June 913 – 9 November 959<br /><i>with <a href="/wiki/Romanos_I_Lekapenos" title="Romanos I Lekapenos">Romanos I Lekapenos</a></i> <i> (920–944)</i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lekapenos" title="Christopher Lekapenos">Christopher Lekapenos</a></i> <i> (921–931)</i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lekapenos" title="Stephen Lekapenos">Stephen Lekapenos</a></i> <i> (924–945)</i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Lekapenos" title="Constantine Lekapenos">Constantine Lekapenos</a></i> <i> (924–945)</i> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Romanos_II" title="Romanos II">Romanos II</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">Byzantine emperors</a> and empresses regnant</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Principate" title="Principate">Principate</a><br />27 BC – AD 235</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galba" title="Galba">Galba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otho" title="Otho">Otho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitellius" title="Vitellius">Vitellius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus" title="Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerva" title="Nerva">Nerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Verus" title="Lucius Verus">Lucius Verus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodus" title="Commodus">Commodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertinax" title="Pertinax">Pertinax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didius_Julianus" title="Didius Julianus">Didius Julianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geta_(emperor)" title="Geta (emperor)">Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrinus" title="Macrinus">Macrinus</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Diadumenian" title="Diadumenian">Diadumenian</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elagabalus" title="Elagabalus">Elagabalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severus_Alexander" title="Severus Alexander">Severus Alexander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crisis_of_the_Third_Century" title="Crisis of the Third Century">Crisis</a><br />235–285</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Thrax" title="Maximinus Thrax">Maximinus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordian_I" title="Gordian I">Gordian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordian_II" title="Gordian II">Gordian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pupienus" title="Pupienus">Pupienus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balbinus" title="Balbinus">Balbinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordian_III" title="Gordian III">Gordian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Arab" title="Philip the Arab">Philip I</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_(Roman_emperor)" title="Philip II (Roman emperor)">Philip II</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decius" title="Decius">Decius</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Herennius_Etruscus" title="Herennius Etruscus">Herennius Etruscus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebonianus_Gallus" title="Trebonianus Gallus">Trebonianus Gallus</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Hostilian" title="Hostilian">Hostilian</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Volusianus" title="Volusianus">Volusianus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aemilianus" title="Aemilianus">Aemilianus</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Silbannacus" title="Silbannacus">Silbannacus</a></u> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_(emperor)" title="Valerian (emperor)">Valerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallienus" title="Gallienus">Gallienus</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Saloninus" title="Saloninus">Saloninus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius_Gothicus" title="Claudius Gothicus">Claudius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintillus" title="Quintillus">Quintillus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelian" title="Aurelian">Aurelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_(emperor)" title="Tacitus (emperor)">Tacitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florianus" title="Florianus">Florianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probus_(emperor)" title="Probus (emperor)">Probus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carus" title="Carus">Carus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carinus" title="Carinus">Carinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerian" title="Numerian">Numerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dominate" title="Dominate">Dominate</a><br />284–610</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximian" title="Maximian">Maximian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galerius" title="Galerius">Galerius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_Chlorus" title="Constantius Chlorus">Constantius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severus_II" title="Severus II">Severus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine I</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Maxentius" title="Maxentius">Maxentius</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licinius" title="Licinius">Licinius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Daza" title="Maximinus Daza">Maximinus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerius_Valens" title="Valerius Valens">Valerius Valens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinian_(emperor)" title="Martinian (emperor)">Martinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_II_(emperor)" title="Constantine II (emperor)">Constantine II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_II" title="Constantius II">Constantius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constans" title="Constans">Constans I</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Magnentius" title="Magnentius">Magnentius</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Nepotianus" title="Nepotianus">Nepotianus</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Vetranio" title="Vetranio">Vetranio</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_(emperor)" title="Julian (emperor)">Julian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovian_(emperor)" title="Jovian (emperor)">Jovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentinian_I" title="Valentinian I">Valentinian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valens" title="Valens">Valens</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Procopius_(usurper)" title="Procopius (usurper)">Procopius</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratian" title="Gratian">Gratian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentinian_II" title="Valentinian II">Valentinian II</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Maximus" title="Magnus Maximus">Magnus Maximus</a></u> (w. <i><u><a href="/wiki/Victor_(emperor)" title="Victor (emperor)">Victor</a></u></i>)</li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Eugenius" title="Eugenius">Eugenius</a></u></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Empire</a><br />395–480</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorius_(emperor)" title="Honorius (emperor)">Honorius</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Constantine_III_(Western_Roman_emperor)" title="Constantine III (Western Roman emperor)">Constantine III</a></u> (w. <i><u><a href="/wiki/Constans_II_(son_of_Constantine_III)" title="Constans II (son of Constantine III)">Constans II</a></u></i>)</li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Priscus_Attalus" title="Priscus Attalus">Priscus Attalus</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_III" title="Constantius III">Constantius III</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Joannes" title="Joannes">Joannes</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentinian_III" title="Valentinian III">Valentinian III</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Petronius_Maximus" title="Petronius Maximus">Petronius Maximus</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Avitus" title="Avitus">Avitus</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorian" title="Majorian">Majorian</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Libius_Severus" title="Libius Severus">Severus III</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthemius" title="Anthemius">Anthemius</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Olybrius" title="Olybrius">Olybrius</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Glycerius" title="Glycerius">Glycerius</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Nepos" title="Julius Nepos">Julius Nepos</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Romulus_Augustulus" title="Romulus Augustulus">Romulus Augustulus</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern Empire</a><br />395–610</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcadius" title="Arcadius">Arcadius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_II" title="Theodosius II">Theodosius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcian" title="Marcian">Marcian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_I_(emperor)" title="Leo I (emperor)">Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_II_(emperor)" title="Leo II (emperor)">Leo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_(emperor)" title="Zeno (emperor)">Zeno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basiliscus" title="Basiliscus">Basiliscus</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Marcus_(son_of_Basiliscus)" title="Marcus (son of Basiliscus)">Marcus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasius_I_Dicorus" title="Anastasius I Dicorus">Anastasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_I" title="Justin I">Justin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_II" title="Justin II">Justin II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_II_Constantine" title="Tiberius II Constantine">Tiberius II Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_(emperor)" title="Maurice (emperor)">Maurice</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_(son_of_Maurice)" title="Theodosius (son of Maurice)">Theodosius</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phocas" title="Phocas">Phocas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern/<br />Byzantine Empire</a><br />610–1453</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclius_Constantine" title="Heraclius Constantine">Constantine III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclonas" title="Heraclonas">Heraclonas</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/David_(son_of_Heraclius)" title="David (son of Heraclius)">Tiberius</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constans_II" title="Constans II">Constans II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_IV" title="Constantine IV">Constantine IV</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Heraclius_(son_of_Constans_II)" title="Heraclius (son of Constans II)">Heraclius</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_(son_of_Constans_II)" title="Tiberius (son of Constans II)">Tiberius</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justinian_II" title="Justinian II">Justinian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontius" title="Leontius">Leontius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_III" title="Tiberius III">Tiberius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justinian_II" title="Justinian II">Justinian II</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_(son_of_Justinian_II)" title="Tiberius (son of Justinian II)">Tiberius</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippicus" title="Philippicus">Philippicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasius_II_(emperor)" title="Anastasius II (emperor)">Anastasius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_III" title="Theodosius III">Theodosius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_III_the_Isaurian" title="Leo III the Isaurian">Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_V" title="Constantine V">Constantine V</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Artabasdos" title="Artabasdos">Artabasdos</a></u> (w. <i><u><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_(son_of_Artabasdos)" title="Nikephoros (son of Artabasdos)">Nikephoros</a></u></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_IV_the_Khazar" title="Leo IV the Khazar">Leo IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_VI" title="Constantine VI">Constantine VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_of_Athens" title="Irene of Athens">Irene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_I" title="Nikephoros I">Nikephoros I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staurakios" title="Staurakios">Staurakios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_I_Rangabe" title="Michael I Rangabe">Michael I Rangabe</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Theophylact_(son_of_Michael_I)" title="Theophylact (son of Michael I)">Theophylact</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Staurakios_(son_of_Michael_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Staurakios (son of Michael I)">Staurakios</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_V_the_Armenian" title="Leo V the Armenian">Leo V</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(son_of_Leo_V)" title="Constantine (son of Leo V)">Constantine</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_II" title="Michael II">Michael II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilos_(emperor)" title="Theophilos (emperor)">Theophilos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(son_of_Theophilos)" title="Constantine (son of Theophilos)">Constantine</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora_(wife_of_Theophilos)" title="Theodora (wife of Theophilos)">Theodora (II)</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Thekla_(daughter_of_Theophilos)" title="Thekla (daughter of Theophilos)">Thekla</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_III" title="Michael III">Michael III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_I" title="Basil I">Basil I</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(son_of_Basil_I)" title="Constantine (son of Basil I)">Constantine</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_VI_the_Wise" title="Leo VI the Wise">Leo VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_(Byzantine_emperor)" title="Alexander (Byzantine emperor)">Alexander</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Constantine VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanos_I_Lekapenos" title="Romanos I Lekapenos">Romanos I Lekapenos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lekapenos" title="Christopher Lekapenos">Christopher</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lekapenos" title="Stephen Lekapenos">Stephen</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Lekapenos" title="Constantine Lekapenos">Constantine Lekapenos</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanos_II" title="Romanos II">Romanos II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_II_Phokas" title="Nikephoros II Phokas">Nikephoros II Phokas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I_Tzimiskes" title="John I Tzimiskes">John I Tzimiskes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_II" title="Basil II">Basil II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_VIII" title="Constantine VIII">Constantine VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoe_Porphyrogenita" title="Zoe Porphyrogenita">Zoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanos_III_Argyros" title="Romanos III Argyros">Romanos III Argyros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_IV_the_Paphlagonian" title="Michael IV the Paphlagonian">Michael IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_V_Kalaphates" title="Michael V Kalaphates">Michael V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_IX_Monomachos" title="Constantine IX Monomachos">Constantine IX Monomachos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora_Porphyrogenita" title="Theodora Porphyrogenita">Theodora (III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_VI_Bringas" title="Michael VI Bringas">Michael VI Bringas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_I_Komnenos" title="Isaac I Komnenos">Isaac I Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_X_Doukas" title="Constantine X Doukas">Constantine X Doukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudokia_Makrembolitissa" title="Eudokia Makrembolitissa">Eudokia Makrembolitissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanos_IV_Diogenes" title="Romanos IV Diogenes">Romanos IV Diogenes</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Leo_Diogenes" title="Leo Diogenes">Leo</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_Diogenes" title="Nikephoros Diogenes">Nikephoros</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_VII_Doukas" title="Michael VII Doukas">Michael VII Doukas</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_Doukas_(co-emperor)" title="Andronikos Doukas (co-emperor)">Andronikos</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Konstantios_Doukas" title="Konstantios Doukas">Konstantios</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Doukas_(co-emperor)" title="Constantine Doukas (co-emperor)">Constantine Doukas</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_III_Botaneiates" title="Nikephoros III Botaneiates">Nikephoros III Botaneiates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_Komnenos" title="Alexios I Komnenos">Alexios I Komnenos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Doukas_(co-emperor)" title="Constantine Doukas (co-emperor)">Constantine Doukas</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II_Komnenos" title="John II Komnenos">John II Komnenos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Alexios_Komnenos_(co-emperor)" title="Alexios Komnenos (co-emperor)">Alexios</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_Komnenos" title="Manuel I Komnenos">Manuel I Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_II_Komnenos" title="Alexios II Komnenos">Alexios II Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_I_Komnenos" title="Andronikos I Komnenos">Andronikos I Komnenos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/John_Komnenos_(son_of_Andronikos_I)" title="John Komnenos (son of Andronikos I)">John</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_II_Angelos" title="Isaac II Angelos">Isaac II Angelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_III_Angelos" title="Alexios III Angelos">Alexios III Angelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_IV_Angelos" title="Alexios IV Angelos">Alexios IV Angelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_V_Doukas" title="Alexios V Doukas">Alexios V Doukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_I_Laskaris" title="Theodore I Laskaris">Theodore I Laskaris</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Laskaris_(son_of_Theodore_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Laskaris (son of Theodore I)">Nicholas</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_III_Vatatzes" class="mw-redirect" title="John III Vatatzes">John III Vatatzes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_II_Laskaris" title="Theodore II Laskaris">Theodore II Laskaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_IV_Laskaris" title="John IV Laskaris">John IV Laskaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Michael VIII Palaiologos">Michael VIII Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_II_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos II Palaiologos">Andronikos II Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_IX_Palaiologos" title="Michael IX Palaiologos">Michael IX Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_III_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos III Palaiologos">Andronikos III Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_V_Palaiologos" title="John V Palaiologos">John V Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VI_Kantakouzenos" title="John VI Kantakouzenos">John VI Kantakouzenos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Kantakouzenos" title="Matthew Kantakouzenos">Matthew</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_IV_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos IV Palaiologos">Andronikos IV Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VII_Palaiologos" title="John VII Palaiologos">John VII Palaiologos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_V_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos V Palaiologos">Andronikos V</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_II_Palaiologos" title="Manuel II Palaiologos">Manuel II Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VIII_Palaiologos" title="John VIII Palaiologos">John VIII Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_XI_Palaiologos" title="Constantine XI Palaiologos">Constantine XI Palaiologos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallic_Empire" title="Gallic Empire">Gallic emperors</a> (260–274)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palmyrene_monarchs" title="List of Palmyrene monarchs">Palmyrene emperors</a> (267–273)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carausian_revolt" title="Carausian revolt">Britannic emperors</a> (286–296)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Trapezuntine_emperors" title="List of Trapezuntine emperors">Trapezuntine emperors</a> (1204–1461)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Thessalonica" title="Empire of Thessalonica">Thessalonian emperors</a> (1224–1242)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_and_Byzantine_empresses" title="List of Roman and Byzantine empresses">Empresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Augustae" title="List of Augustae">Augustae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_usurper" title="Roman usurper">Usurpers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_usurpers" title="List of Roman usurpers">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_usurpers" title="List of Byzantine usurpers">Eastern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Byzantine_historians" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Byzantine_historians" title="Template:Byzantine historians"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Byzantine_historians" title="Template talk:Byzantine historians"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Byzantine_historians" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Byzantine historians"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Byzantine_historians" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Byzantine historians</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">5th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annianus_of_Alexandria" title="Annianus of Alexandria">Annianus of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunapius" title="Eunapius">Eunapius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rufus" title="John Rufus">John Rufus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malchus_(historian)" title="Malchus (historian)">Malchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympiodorus_of_Thebes" title="Olympiodorus of Thebes">Olympiodorus of Thebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panodorus_of_Alexandria" title="Panodorus of Alexandria">Panodorus of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philostorgius" title="Philostorgius">Philostorgius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscus" title="Priscus">Priscus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabinus_of_Heraclea" title="Sabinus of Heraclea">Sabinus of Heraclea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socrates_of_Constantinople" title="Socrates of Constantinople">Socrates of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sozomen" title="Sozomen">Sozomen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoret" title="Theodoret">Theodoret</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">6th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agathias" title="Agathias">Agathias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Scythopolis" title="Cyril of Scythopolis">Cyril of Scythopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustathius_of_Epiphania" title="Eustathius of Epiphania">Eustathius of Epiphania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evagrius_Scholasticus" title="Evagrius Scholasticus">Evagrius Scholasticus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesychius_of_Miletus" title="Hesychius of Miletus">Hesychius of Miletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Diakrinomenos" title="John Diakrinomenos">John Diakrinomenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Ephesus" title="John of Ephesus">John of Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Epiphania" title="John of Epiphania">John of Epiphania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Joshua_the_Stylite" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite">Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Zacharias_Rhetor" title="Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor">Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanes" title="Jordanes">Jordanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Malalas" title="John Malalas">John Malalas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberatus_of_Carthage" title="Liberatus of Carthage">Liberatus of Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcellinus_Comes" title="Marcellinus Comes">Marcellinus Comes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menander_Protector" title="Menander Protector">Menander Protector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonnosus_(historian)" title="Nonnosus (historian)">Nonnosus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Patrician" title="Peter the Patrician">Peter the Patrician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procopius" title="Procopius">Procopius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodorus_Lector" title="Theodorus Lector">Theodorus Lector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_of_Byzantium" title="Theophanes of Byzantium">Theophanes of Byzantium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacharias_Rhetor" title="Zacharias Rhetor">Zacharias Rhetor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zosimus_(historian)" title="Zosimus (historian)">Zosimus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">7th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Antioch_(historian)" title="John of Antioch (historian)">John of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan_the_Patrician" title="Trajan the Patrician">Trajan the Patrician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophylact_Simocatta" title="Theophylact Simocatta">Theophylact Simocatta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">8th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Thebes" title="Hippolytus of Thebes">Hippolytus of Thebes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">9th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Syncellus" title="George Syncellus">George Syncellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_I_of_Constantinople" title="Nikephoros I of Constantinople">Nikephoros I of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hamartolos" title="George Hamartolos">George Hamartolos</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scriptor_Incertus" title="Scriptor Incertus">Scriptor Incertus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">10th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Constantine VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Genesius" title="Joseph Genesius">Joseph Genesius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kaminiates" title="John Kaminiates">John Kaminiates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_the_Deacon" title="Leo the Deacon">Leo the Deacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Simeon" title="Pseudo-Simeon">Pseudo-Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symeon_Logothete" title="Symeon Logothete">Symeon Logothete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_Continuatus" title="Theophanes Continuatus">Theophanes Continuatus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">11th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Attaleiates" title="Michael Attaleiates">Michael Attaleiates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Kedrenos" title="George Kedrenos">George Kedrenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Psellos" title="Michael Psellos">Michael Psellos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Skylitzes" title="John Skylitzes">John Skylitzes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Xiphilinus" title="John Xiphilinus">John Xiphilinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_of_Antioch" title="Yahya of Antioch">Yahya of Antioch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">12th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_Bryennios_the_Younger" title="Nikephoros Bryennios the Younger">Nikephoros Bryennios the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niketas_Choniates" title="Niketas Choniates">Niketas Choniates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustathius_of_Thessalonica" title="Eustathius of Thessalonica">Eustathius of Thessalonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Glykas" title="Michael Glykas">Michael Glykas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Komnene" title="Anna Komnene">Anna Komnene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kinnamos" title="John Kinnamos">John Kinnamos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Manasses" title="Constantine Manasses">Constantine Manasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joannes_Zonaras" title="Joannes Zonaras">Joannes Zonaras</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">13th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Akropolites" title="George Akropolites">George Akropolites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Skoutariotes" title="Theodore Skoutariotes">Theodore Skoutariotes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">14th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicephorus_Gregoras" title="Nicephorus Gregoras">Nicephorus Gregoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_Kallistos_Xanthopoulos" title="Nikephoros Kallistos Xanthopoulos">Nikephoros Kallistos Xanthopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VI_Kantakouzenos" title="John VI Kantakouzenos">John VI Kantakouzenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pachymeres" title="George Pachymeres">George Pachymeres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Panaretos" title="Michael Panaretos">Michael Panaretos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">15th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Anagnostes" title="John Anagnostes">John Anagnostes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cananus" title="John Cananus">John Cananus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laonikos_Chalkokondyles" title="Laonikos Chalkokondyles">Laonikos Chalkokondyles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Critobulus" title="Michael Critobulus">Michael Critobulus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doukas_(historian)" title="Doukas (historian)">Doukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sphrantzes" title="George Sphrantzes">George Sphrantzes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Kodinos" title="George Kodinos">Pseudo-George Kodinos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Byzantine_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Byzantine_music" title="Template:Byzantine music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Byzantine_music" title="Template talk:Byzantine music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Byzantine_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Byzantine music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Byzantine_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_music" title="Byzantine music">Byzantine music</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_composers" title="List of Byzantine composers">List of composers</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Composers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanos_the_Melodist" title="Romanos the Melodist">Romanos the Melodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_of_Crete" title="Andrew of Crete">Andrew of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmas_of_Maiuma" title="Cosmas of Maiuma">Cosmas of Maiuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_the_Sabaite" title="Stephen the Sabaite">Stephen the Sabaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_the_Studite" title="Theodore the Studite">Theodore the Studite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Branded" class="mw-redirect" title="Theophanes the Branded">Theophanes the Branded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassia" title="Kassia">Kassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_the_Hymnographer" title="Joseph the Hymnographer">Joseph the Hymnographer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_the_Confessor" title="Joseph the Confessor">Joseph the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_VI_the_Wise" title="Leo VI the Wise">Leo VI the Wise</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Constantine VII</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikephoros_Ethikos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikephoros Ethikos (page does not exist)">Nikephoros Ethikos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregorios_Glykys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregorios Glykys (page does not exist)">Gregorios Glykys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Koukouzelis" class="mw-redirect" title="John Koukouzelis">John Koukouzelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenos_Korones" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenos Korones">Xenos Korones</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joannes_Glykys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joannes Glykys (page does not exist)">Joannes Glykys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kladas" title="John Kladas">John Kladas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Laskaris_(composer)" title="John Laskaris (composer)">John Laskaris</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Chrysaphes" title="Manuel Chrysaphes">Manuel Chrysaphes</a>*</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janus_Plousiadenos" title="Janus Plousiadenos">Janus Plousiadenos</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romanos_the_Melodist" title="Romanos the Melodist"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/1649._%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E.jpg/75px-1649._%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/1649._%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E.jpg/113px-1649._%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/1649._%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E.jpg/150px-1649._%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E.jpg 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="910" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theorists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Psellos" title="Michael Psellos">Michael Psellos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pachymeres" title="George Pachymeres">George Pachymeres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Bryennios" title="Manuel Bryennios">Manuel Bryennios</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liturgy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paschal_troparion" title="Paschal troparion">Paschal troparion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octoechos_(liturgy)" title="Octoechos (liturgy)">Octoechos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aposticha" title="Aposticha">Aposticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_(hymnography)" title="Canon (hymnography)">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherubikon" title="Cherubikon">Cherubikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kathisma" title="Kathisma">Kathisma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_(chant)#The_koinonikon_cycles_of_the_Byzantine_cathedral_rite" title="Communion (chant)">Koinonikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontakion" title="Kontakion">Kontakion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akathist" title="Akathist">Akathist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troparion" title="Troparion">Troparion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sticheron" title="Sticheron">Sticheron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petasti" title="Petasti">Petasti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72_equal_temperament" title="72 equal temperament">72 equal temperament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Musical_Symbols" title="Byzantine Musical Symbols">Byzantine Musical Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echos" title="Echos">Echos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octoechos" title="Octoechos">Octoechos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nenano" title="Nenano">Nenano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neobyzantine_Octoechos" title="Neobyzantine Octoechos">Neobyzantine Octoechos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagiopolitan_Octoechos" title="Hagiopolitan Octoechos">Hagiopolitan Octoechos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papadic_Octoechos" title="Papadic Octoechos">Papadic Octoechos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nana_(echos)" title="Nana (echos)">Nana (echos)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ison_(music)" title="Ison (music)">Ison</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_lyra" title="Byzantine lyra">Byzantine lyra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_lyra" title="Cretan lyra">Cretan lyra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaboura" title="Thaboura">Thaboura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_(music)" title="Organ (music)">Organon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enrica_Follieri" title="Enrica Follieri">Enrica Follieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solon_Hadjisolomos" title="Solon Hadjisolomos">Solon Hadjisolomos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jeffery" title="Peter Jeffery">Peter Jeffery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Strunk" title="Oliver Strunk">Oliver Strunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Velimirovi%C4%87" title="Miloš Velimirović">Miloš Velimirović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egon_Wellesz" title="Egon Wellesz">Egon Wellesz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Byzantine_Choir" title="Greek Byzantine Choir">Greek Byzantine Choir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikodimos_Kabarnos" title="Nikodimos Kabarnos">Nikodimos Kabarnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iakovos_Nafpliotis" title="Iakovos Nafpliotis">Iakovos Nafpliotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Pringos" title="Konstantinos Pringos">Konstantinos Pringos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrasyvoulos_Stanitsas" title="Thrasyvoulos Stanitsas">Thrasyvoulos Stanitsas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akolouthiai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akolouthiai (page does not exist)">Akolouthiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantor_(Christianity)#Byzantine_tradition" title="Cantor (Christianity)">Protopsaltes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappella_Romana" title="Cappella Romana">Cappella Romana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Stoudios" title="Monastery of Stoudios">Monastery of Stoudios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Ancient_Greek,_Byzantine_and_Post-Byzantine_Musical_Instruments" title="Museum of Ancient Greek, Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Musical Instruments">Museum of Ancient Greek, Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Musical Instruments</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Only-begotten_Son" title="Only-begotten Son">Only-begotten Son</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Ecclesiastic_Music" title="School of Ecclesiastic Music">School of Ecclesiastic Music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>*also music theorist</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_music" title="Category:Byzantine music">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41608#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41608#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41608#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000120992009">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/13108540">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/102238/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdWQ3rGkMFKxH8mRBhyh3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119022397">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82154652">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12349759j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12349759j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Constantinus VII <imperatore d'Oriente>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV033287">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=js2010592529&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1231708">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1563604">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068807376">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90640193">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000202907&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000043597&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=36604">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/c9prs0pw0nvfmth">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810629771705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/8983">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007259794305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058594884406706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14764612">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04547767?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500373130">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119022397.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119022397">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032474482">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constantine_VII&oldid=1249371676">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constantine_VII&oldid=1249371676</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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