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class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the U.S. state. For the river, see <a href="/wiki/Illinois_River" title="Illinois River">Illinois River</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Illinois_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Illinois (disambiguation)">Illinois (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style>Illinois (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌɪlɪˈnɔɪ/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c7\/En-us-Illinois.ogg\/En-us-Illinois.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Illinois.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/En-us-Illinois.ogg/En-us-Illinois.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Illinois.ogg" title="File:En-us-Illinois.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">IL-in-OY</a>) is a <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern</a> region of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. It borders the state of <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> to its north, <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> to its northwest, <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> to its southwest, <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> to its south, <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> to its east, and has a water border with <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> to the northeast in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan" title="Lake Michigan">Lake Michigan</a>. Of the fifty U.S. states, Illinois has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_GDP" title="List of U.S. states and territories by GDP">fifth-largest gross domestic product (GDP)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">sixth-largest population</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">25th-most land area</a>. Its capital city is <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a> in the center of the state, and the state's largest city is <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> in the northeast. <table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Illinois</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Illinois.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Illinois"><img alt="Flag of Illinois" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/125px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/188px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/250px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_and_seal_of_Illinois" title="Flag and seal of Illinois">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Illinois.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Illinois"><img alt="Official seal of Illinois" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Seal_of_Illinois.svg/100px-Seal_of_Illinois.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Seal_of_Illinois.svg/150px-Seal_of_Illinois.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Seal_of_Illinois.svg/200px-Seal_of_Illinois.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="215" data-file-height="214"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_and_seal_of_Illinois" title="Flag and seal of Illinois">Seal</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_nicknames" title="List of U.S. state and territory nicknames">Nickname(s)</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Land of Lincoln, Prairie State, The Inland Empire State</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_mottos" title="List of U.S. state and territory mottos">Motto(s)</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">State Sovereignty, National Union</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_songs" title="List of U.S. state songs">Anthem:</a> "<a href="/wiki/Illinois_(song)" title="Illinois (song)">Illinois</a>" <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="67" data-mwtitle="Illinois!.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Illinois%21.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/Illinois%21.ogg/Illinois%21.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AIllinois%21.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track></audio><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Illinois_in_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the United States with Illinois highlighted"><img alt="Map of the United States with Illinois highlighted" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Illinois_in_United_States.svg/300px-Illinois_in_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Illinois_in_United_States.svg/450px-Illinois_in_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Illinois_in_United_States.svg/600px-Illinois_in_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Map of the United States with Illinois highlighted</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before statehood</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Territory" title="Illinois Territory">Illinois Territory</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">Admitted to the Union</a></th><td class="infobox-data">December 3, 1818 (21st)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">Capital</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of largest cities of U.S. states and territories by population">Largest city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_most_populous_counties_by_U.S._state" title="List of the most populous counties by U.S. state">Largest county or equivalent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cook_County,_Illinois" title="Cook County, Illinois">Cook</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Statistical_area_(United_States)" title="Statistical area (United States)">Largest metro</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">urban</a> areas</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_metropolitan_area" title="Chicago metropolitan area">Chicagoland</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Illinois" title="Governor of Illinois">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/J._B._Pritzker" title="J. B. Pritzker">J. B. Pritzker</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Illinois" title="Lieutenant Governor of Illinois">Lieutenant governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Juliana_Stratton" title="Juliana Stratton">Juliana Stratton</a> (D)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Illinois_General_Assembly" title="Illinois General Assembly">General Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate" title="Illinois Senate">Illinois Senate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Illinois_House_of_Representatives" title="Illinois House of Representatives">Illinois House of Representatives</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Illinois" title="Supreme Court of Illinois">Supreme Court of Illinois</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Illinois" title="List of United States senators from Illinois">U.S. senators</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dick_Durbin" title="Dick Durbin">Dick Durbin</a> (D) <a href="/wiki/Tammy_Duckworth" title="Tammy Duckworth">Tammy Duckworth</a> (D)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Illinois" title="List of United States representatives from Illinois">U.S. House delegation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">14 Democrats 3 Republicans (<a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Illinois" title="United States congressional delegations from Illinois">list</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">57,915 sq mi (149,997 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">55,593 sq mi (143,969 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">2,320 sq mi (5,981 km2) 3.99%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">25th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Dimensions<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Length</th><td class="infobox-data">390 mi (628 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Width</th><td class="infobox-data">210 mi (338 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">600 ft (180 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Charles_Mound" title="Charles Mound">Charles Mound</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-USGS-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-NAVD88-3">[a]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,235 ft (376.4 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (Confluence of <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a><a href="#cite_note-USGS-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-NAVD88-3">[a]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">280 ft (85 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2020)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">12,812,508<a href="#cite_note-PopHousingEst-4">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">6th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">232/sq mi (89.4/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States_by_population_density" title="List of states and territories of the United States by population density">12th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Median household income</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$65,030<a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Income rank<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_income#States_and_territories_ranked_by_median_household_income" title="List of U.S. states and territories by income">17th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonyms</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_residents_names" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. state residents names">Illinoisan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Language<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Official language</a></th><td class="infobox-data">English<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Spoken language</a></th><td class="infobox-data">English (80.8%) Spanish (14.9%) Other (5.1%)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9206:00" title="UTC−06:00">UTC−06:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Standard Time">CST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC−05:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_abbreviations" title="List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations">USPS abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">IL</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:US" title="ISO 3166-2:US">US-IL</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_abbreviations" title="List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations">Traditional abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Ill.</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Latitude</th><td class="infobox-data">36° 58′ N to 42° 30′ N</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Longitude</th><td class="infobox-data">87° 30′ W to 91° 31′ W</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://illinois.gov">illinois.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style><table class="infobox ib-region-symbols"><caption class="infobox-title">State symbols of Illinois</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:85%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Illinois_state_symbols" title="List of Illinois state symbols">List of state symbols</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Illinois.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/100px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/150px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/200px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300"></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Illinois">Flag of Illinois</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Illinois.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Seal_of_Illinois.svg/100px-Seal_of_Illinois.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Seal_of_Illinois.svg/150px-Seal_of_Illinois.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Seal_of_Illinois.svg/200px-Seal_of_Illinois.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="215" data-file-height="214"></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of Illinois">Seal of Illinois</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_nicknames" title="List of U.S. state and territory nicknames">Slogan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">"Land of Lincoln"</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Living insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_amphibians" title="List of U.S. state amphibians">Amphibian</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tiger_salamander" title="Tiger salamander">Eastern tiger salamander</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_birds" title="List of U.S. state birds">Bird</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Northern_cardinal" title="Northern cardinal">Northern cardinal</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_insects" title="List of U.S. state insects">Butterfly</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monarch_(butterfly)" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarch (butterfly)">Monarch butterfly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_fish" title="List of U.S. state fish">Fish</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bluegill" title="Bluegill">Bluegill</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_flowers" title="List of U.S. state and territory flowers">Flower</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Viola_(plant)" title="Viola (plant)">Violet</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_grasses" title="List of U.S. state grasses">Grass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Big_bluestem" class="mw-redirect" title="Big bluestem">Big bluestem</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_mammals" title="List of U.S. state mammals">Mammal</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/White-tailed_deer" title="White-tailed deer">White-tailed deer</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_mushrooms" title="List of U.S. state mushrooms">Mushroom</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Giant_puffball" class="mw-redirect" title="Giant puffball">Giant puffball</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_reptiles" title="List of U.S. state reptiles">Reptile</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Painted_turtle" title="Painted turtle">Painted turtle</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_trees" title="List of U.S. state and territory trees">Tree</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Quercus_alba" title="Quercus alba">White oak</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Inanimate insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_dances" title="List of U.S. state dances">Dance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Square_dance" title="Square dance">Square dance</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_foods" title="List of U.S. state foods">Food</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">Gold Rush Apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Popcorn" title="Popcorn">popcorn</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_fossils" title="List of U.S. state fossils">Fossil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tullimonstrum_gregarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Tullimonstrum gregarium">Tully monster</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_minerals,_rocks,_stones_and_gemstones" title="List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones">Mineral</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fluorite" title="Fluorite">Fluorite</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_minerals,_rocks,_stones_and_gemstones" title="List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones">Rock</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dolomite_(rock)" title="Dolomite (rock)">Dolomite</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_soils" title="List of U.S. state soils">Soil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Loam" title="Loam">Drummer silty clay loam</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/Numbered_highways_in_the_United_States#State_highways" title="Numbered highways in the United States">State route marker</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Illinois_64.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Route marker"><img alt="Route marker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Illinois_64.svg/85px-Illinois_64.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Illinois_64.svg/128px-Illinois_64.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Illinois_64.svg/170px-Illinois_64.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="385"></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/50_State_quarters" title="50 State quarters">State quarter</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:2003_IL_Proof.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Illinois quarter dollar coin"><img alt="Illinois quarter dollar coin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/2003_IL_Proof.png/85px-2003_IL_Proof.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/2003_IL_Proof.png/128px-2003_IL_Proof.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/2003_IL_Proof.png/169px-2003_IL_Proof.png 2x" data-file-width="1119" data-file-height="1123"></a><div>Released in 2003</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_United_States_state_symbols" title="Lists of United States state symbols">Lists of United States state symbols</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Present-day Illinois was inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#History" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous cultures</a> for thousands of years. The French were the first Europeans to arrive, settling near the Mississippi and <a href="/wiki/Illinois_River" title="Illinois River">Illinois River</a> in the 17th century <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Country" title="Illinois Country">Illinois Country</a>, as part of their sprawling colony of <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a>. A century later, the revolutionary <a href="/wiki/Illinois_campaign" title="Illinois campaign">Illinois campaign</a> prefigured American involvement in the region. Following <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">U.S. independence in 1783</a>, which made the Mississippi River the national boundary, American settlers began arriving from <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> via the Ohio River. Illinois was soon part of the United States' oldest territory, the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest Territory</a>, and in 1818 it achieved <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">statehood</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Erie_Canal" title="Erie Canal">Erie Canal</a> brought increased commercial activity in the Great Lakes, and the invention of the self-scouring <a href="/wiki/Plough" title="Plough">steel plow</a> by Illinoisan <a href="/wiki/John_Deere_(inventor)" title="John Deere (inventor)">John Deere</a> turned the state's rich <a href="/wiki/Prairie" title="Prairie">prairie</a> into some of the world's most productive and valuable farmland, attracting <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">immigrant</a> farmers from <a href="/wiki/German_American" class="mw-redirect" title="German American">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swedish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish American">Sweden</a>. In the mid-19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_and_Michigan_Canal" title="Illinois and Michigan Canal">Illinois and Michigan Canal</a> and a sprawling railroad network facilitated trade, commerce, and settlement, making the state a transportation hub for the nation.<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> By 1900, the growth of industrial jobs in the northern cities and <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a> mining in the central and southern areas attracted immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern Europe</a>. Illinois became one of America's most industrialized states and remains a major manufacturing center.<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Great Migration (African American)">Great Migration</a> from the South established a large Black community, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, which became a leading cultural, economic, and population center; its <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a>, informally referred to as <a href="/wiki/Chicago_metropolitan_area" title="Chicago metropolitan area">Chicagoland</a>, holds about 65% of the state's 12.8 million residents. Two <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a> are in Illinois, the ancient <a href="/wiki/Cahokia_Mounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Cahokia Mounds">Cahokia Mounds</a>, and part of the <a href="/wiki/The_20th-Century_Architecture_of_Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright">Wright architecture</a> site. Major centers of learning include the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois">University of Illinois</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a>. A wide variety of <a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Illinois" title="List of protected areas of Illinois">protected areas</a> seek to conserve Illinois' natural and cultural resources. Three <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. presidents</a> have been elected while residents of Illinois: <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>; additionally, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> was born and raised in the state. Illinois honors Lincoln with its official state slogan Land of Lincoln.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> The state is the site of the <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum">Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum</a> in Springfield and the future home of the <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Presidential_Center" title="Barack Obama Presidential Center">Barack Obama Presidential Center</a> in Chicago. Illinois has a highly diverse <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Illinois" title="Economy of Illinois">economy</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">global city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> in the northeast, major industrial and <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_productivity" title="Agricultural productivity">agricultural</a> hubs in the north and center, and <a href="/wiki/Natural_resource" title="Natural resource">natural resources</a> such as coal, timber, and petroleum in the south. Owing to its central location and favorable geography, the state is a major <a href="/wiki/Transportation_hub" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation hub">transportation hub</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Chicago" title="Port of Chicago">Port of Chicago</a> has access to the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_Seaway" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence Seaway">Saint Lawrence Seaway</a> and to the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Waterway" title="Illinois Waterway">Illinois Waterway</a>. Chicago has been the nation's <a href="/wiki/Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Railroad">railroad</a> hub since the 1860s,<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> and its <a href="/wiki/O%27Hare_International_Airport" title="O'Hare International Airport">O'Hare International Airport</a> has been among the world's busiest airports for decades. Illinois has long been considered a <a href="/wiki/Macrocosm_and_microcosm" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrocosm and microcosm">microcosm</a> of the United States and a <a href="/wiki/Bellwether" title="Bellwether">bellwether</a> in American culture, exemplified by the phrase <a href="/wiki/Will_it_play_in_Peoria%3F" title="Will it play in Peoria?">Will it play in Peoria?</a>.<a href="#cite_note-so-12">[11]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology">1 Etymology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History">2 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Pre-European">2.1 Pre-European</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#European_exploration_and_settlement_prior_to_1800">2.2 European exploration and settlement prior to 1800</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#19th_century">2.3 19th century</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Prior_to_statehood">2.3.1 Prior to statehood</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#The_State_of_Illinois_prior_to_the_Civil_War">2.3.2 The State of Illinois prior to the Civil War</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Civil_War_and_after">2.3.3 Civil War and after</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#20th_century">2.4 20th century</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#21st_century">2.5 21st century</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Geology">3 Geology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Geography">4 Geography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Boundaries">4.1 Boundaries</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Topography">4.2 Topography</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Divisions">4.3 Divisions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Climate">4.4 Climate</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Urban_areas">4.5 Urban areas</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Demographics">5 Demographics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Race_and_ethnicity">5.1 Race and ethnicity</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="#2020_Census">5.1.1 2020 Census</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="#2022_American_Community_Survey">5.1.2 2022 American Community Survey</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Ancestry">5.2 Ancestry</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Immigration">5.3 Immigration</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Age_and_sex">5.4 Age and sex</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Socioeconomics">5.5 Socioeconomics</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Birth_data_by_race/ethnicity">5.6 Birth data by race/ethnicity</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Languages">5.7 Languages</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Religion">5.8 Religion</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-29"><a href="#Christianity">5.8.1 Christianity</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-30"><a href="#Other_Abrahamic_religious_communities">5.8.2 Other Abrahamic religious communities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31"><a href="#Other_religions">5.8.3 Other religions</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="#Economy">6 Economy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Agriculture">6.1 Agriculture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Manufacturing">6.2 Manufacturing</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Services">6.3 Services</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#Investments">6.4 Investments</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#Energy">6.5 Energy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-38"><a href="#Coal">6.5.1 Coal</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-39"><a href="#Petroleum">6.5.2 Petroleum</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-40"><a href="#Nuclear_power">6.5.3 Nuclear power</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-41"><a href="#Wind_power">6.5.4 Wind power</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-42"><a href="#Biofuels">6.5.5 Biofuels</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="#Taxes">6.6 Taxes</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="#Culture">7 Culture</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="#Museums">7.1 Museums</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-46"><a href="#Music">7.2 Music</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-47"><a href="#Movies">7.3 Movies</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-48"><a href="#Recreation">7.4 Recreation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-49"><a href="#Sports">7.5 Sports</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-50"><a href="#Law_and_politics">8 Law and politics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-51"><a href="#State_government">8.1 State government</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-52"><a href="#Party_balance">8.2 Party balance</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-53"><a href="#History_of_corruption">8.3 History of corruption</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-54"><a href="#U.S._presidential_elections">8.4 U.S. presidential elections</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-55"><a href="#African-American_U.S._senators">8.5 African-American U.S. senators</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-56"><a href="#Political_families">8.6 Political families</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-57"><a href="#Ingersoll">8.6.1 Ingersoll</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-58"><a href="#Stevenson">8.6.2 Stevenson</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-59"><a href="#Daley">8.6.3 Daley</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-60"><a href="#Pritzker">8.6.4 Pritzker</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-61"><a href="#Madigan">8.6.5 Madigan</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-62"><a href="#Education">9 Education</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-63"><a href="#Illinois_State_Board_of_education">9.1 Illinois State Board of education</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-64"><a href="#Primary_and_secondary_schools">9.2 Primary and secondary schools</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-65"><a href="#Colleges_and_universities">9.3 Colleges and universities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-66"><a href="#School_financing">9.4 School financing</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-67"><a href="#Transportation">10 Transportation</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-68"><a href="#Airports">10.1 Airports</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-69"><a href="#Highways">10.2 Highways</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-70"><a href="#Buses">10.3 Buses</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-71"><a href="#Railroads">10.4 Railroads</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-72"><a href="#Waterways">10.5 Waterways</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-73"><a href="#See_also">11 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-74"><a href="#Notes">12 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-75"><a href="#References">13 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-76"><a href="#Further_reading">14 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-77"><a href="#External_links">15 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Confederation" title="Illinois Confederation">Illinois Confederation</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Illinois" title="List of counties in Illinois">List of counties in Illinois</a></div> "Illinois" is the modern spelling for the early <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionaries</a> and explorers' name for the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Confederation" title="Illinois Confederation">Illinois</a> <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a>, a name that was spelled in many different ways in the early records.<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> American scholars previously thought the name Illinois meant 'man' or 'men' in the <a href="/wiki/Miami-Illinois_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami-Illinois language">Miami-Illinois language</a>, with the original iliniwek transformed via French into Illinois.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> This etymology is not supported by the Illinois language,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] as the word for "man" is ireniwa, and plural of "man" is ireniwaki. The name <a href="/wiki/Illiniwek" class="mw-redirect" title="Illiniwek">Illiniwek</a> has also been said to mean 'tribe of superior men',<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> which is a <a href="/wiki/False_etymology" title="False etymology">false etymology</a>. The name Illinois derives from the Miami-Illinois verb irenwe·wa 'he speaks the regular way'. This was taken into the <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_language" title="Ojibwe language">Ojibwe language</a>, perhaps in the <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_dialect" title="Ottawa dialect">Ottawa dialect</a>, and modified into ilinwe· (pluralized as ilinwe·k). The French borrowed these forms, spelling the /we/ ending as -ois, a <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliteration</a> of that sound in the French of that time. The current spelling form, Illinois, began to appear in the early 1670s, when French colonists had settled in the western area. The Illinois's name for themselves, as attested in all three of the French missionary-period dictionaries of Illinois, was <a href="/wiki/Inoka" class="mw-redirect" title="Inoka">Inoka</a>, of unknown meaning and unrelated to the other terms.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Illinois" title="History of Illinois">History of Illinois</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-European">Pre-European</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Upper_Bluff_Lake_Dancing_Figures_plate_HRoe_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Upper_Bluff_Lake_Dancing_Figures_plate_HRoe_2012.jpg/220px-Upper_Bluff_Lake_Dancing_Figures_plate_HRoe_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 210px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Upper_Bluff_Lake_Dancing_Figures_plate_HRoe_2012.jpg/220px-Upper_Bluff_Lake_Dancing_Figures_plate_HRoe_2012.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="210" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Upper_Bluff_Lake_Dancing_Figures_plate_HRoe_2012.jpg/330px-Upper_Bluff_Lake_Dancing_Figures_plate_HRoe_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Upper_Bluff_Lake_Dancing_Figures_plate_HRoe_2012.jpg/440px-Upper_Bluff_Lake_Dancing_Figures_plate_HRoe_2012.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mississippian_copper_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Mississippian copper plate">Mississippian copper plate</a> found at the Saddle Site in <a href="/wiki/Union_County,_Illinois" title="Union County, Illinois">Union County, Illinois</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">American Indians</a> of successive cultures lived along the waterways of the Illinois area for thousands of years before the arrival of Europeans. The <a href="/wiki/Koster_Site" title="Koster Site">Koster Site</a> has been excavated and demonstrates 7,000 years of continuous habitation. <a href="/wiki/Cahokia" title="Cahokia">Cahokia</a>, the largest regional <a href="/wiki/Chiefdom" title="Chiefdom">chiefdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urban_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban center">Urban Center</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian</a> <a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian culture</a>, was located near present-day <a href="/wiki/Collinsville,_Illinois" title="Collinsville, Illinois">Collinsville, Illinois</a>. They built an urban complex of more than 100 <a href="/wiki/Platform_mound" title="Platform mound">platform</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burial_mound" class="mw-redirect" title="Burial mound">burial mounds</a>, a 50-acre (20 ha) <a href="/wiki/Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Plaza">plaza</a> larger than 35 football fields,<a href="#cite_note-PAUKETATCAHOKIA-19">[18]</a> and a woodhenge of sacred cedar, all in a planned design expressing the culture's cosmology. <a href="/wiki/Monks_Mound" title="Monks Mound">Monks Mound</a>, the center of the site, is the largest Pre-Columbian structure north of the <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Mexico" title="Valley of Mexico">Valley of Mexico</a>. It is 100 ft (30 m) high, 951 ft (290 m) long, 836 ft (255 m) wide, and covers 13.8 acres (5.6 ha).<a href="#cite_note-SKELE-20">[19]</a> It contains about 814,000 cu yd (622,000 m3) of earth.<a href="#cite_note-SNOW2010-21">[20]</a> It was topped by a structure thought to have measured about 105 ft (32 m) in length and 48 ft (15 m) in width, covered an area 5,000 sq ft (460 m2), and been as much as 50 ft (15 m) high, making its peak 150 ft (46 m) above the level of the plaza. The finely crafted ornaments and tools recovered by archaeologists at <a href="/wiki/Cahokia" title="Cahokia">Cahokia</a> include elaborate ceramics, finely sculptured stonework, carefully embossed and engraved copper and <a href="/wiki/Mica" title="Mica">mica</a> sheets, and one funeral blanket for an important chief fashioned from 20,000 shell beads. These artifacts indicate that Cahokia was truly an urban center, with clustered housing, markets, and specialists in toolmaking, hide dressing, potting, jewelry making, shell engraving, weaving and salt making.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> The civilization vanished in the 15th century for unknown reasons, but historians and archeologists have speculated that the people depleted the area of resources. Many indigenous tribes engaged in constant warfare. According to Suzanne Austin Alchon, "At one site in the central <a href="/wiki/Illinois_River" title="Illinois River">Illinois River</a> valley, one third of all adults died as a result of violent injuries."<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> The next major power in the region was the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Confederation" title="Illinois Confederation">Illinois Confederation</a> or Illini, a political alliance.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> Around the time of European contact in 1673, the Illinois confederation had an estimated population of over 10,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-museum.state.il.us-25">[24]</a> As the Illini declined during the <a href="/wiki/Beaver_Wars" title="Beaver Wars">Beaver Wars</a> era, members of the <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian</a>-speaking <a href="/wiki/Potawatomi" title="Potawatomi">Potawatomi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miami_people" title="Miami people">Miami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sauk_people" title="Sauk people">Sauk</a>, and other tribes including the Fox (<a href="/wiki/Meskwaki" title="Meskwaki">Meskwaki</a>), <a href="/wiki/Iowa_people" title="Iowa people">Iowa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kickapoo_people" title="Kickapoo people">Kickapoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mascouten" title="Mascouten">Mascouten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piankeshaw" title="Piankeshaw">Piankeshaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wea" title="Wea">Wea</a>, and Winnebago (<a href="/wiki/Ho-Chunk" title="Ho-Chunk">Ho-Chunk</a>) came into the area from the east and north around the Great Lakes.<a href="#cite_note-Nelson-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_exploration_and_settlement_prior_to_1800">European exploration and settlement prior to 1800</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a>; <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)">Louisiana (New France)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Canada_(New_France)" title="Canada (New France)">Canada (New France)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Country" title="Illinois Country">Illinois Country</a>; <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a>; <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">Treaty of Paris (1763)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">Province of Quebec (1763–1791)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Indian_Reserve_(1763)" title="Indian Reserve (1763)">Indian Reserve (1763)</a>; <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>; <a href="/wiki/Western_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Western theater of the American Revolutionary War">Western theater of the American Revolutionary War</a>; <a href="/wiki/Illinois_County,_Virginia" title="Illinois County, Virginia">Illinois County, Virginia</a>; <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris (1783)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Ordinance" title="Northwest Ordinance">Northwest Ordinance</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest Territory</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Illinois_1718.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Illinois_1718.jpg/220px-Illinois_1718.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="589" data-file-height="737"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 275px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Illinois_1718.jpg/220px-Illinois_1718.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="275" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Illinois_1718.jpg/330px-Illinois_1718.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Illinois_1718.jpg/440px-Illinois_1718.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Illinois in 1718, approximate modern state area highlighted, from Carte de la Louisiane et du cours du Mississipi by <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_de_L%27Isle" class="mw-redirect" title="Guillaume de L'Isle">Guillaume de L'Isle</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a></figcaption></figure> French explorers <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Marquette" title="Jacques Marquette">Jacques Marquette</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Jolliet" title="Louis Jolliet">Louis Jolliet</a> explored the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_River" title="Illinois River">Illinois River</a> in 1673. Marquette soon after founded a mission at the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Village_of_the_Illinois" title="Grand Village of the Illinois">Grand Village of the Illinois</a> in <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Country" title="Illinois Country">Illinois Country</a>. In 1680, French explorers under <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier,_Sieur_de_La_Salle" title="René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle">René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Tonti" title="Henri de Tonti">Henri de Tonti</a> constructed a fort at the site of present-day <a href="/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois" title="Peoria, Illinois">Peoria</a>, and in 1682, a fort atop <a href="/wiki/Starved_Rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Starved Rock">Starved Rock</a> in today's Starved Rock State Park. French Empire <a href="/wiki/Canadiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadiens">Canadiens</a> came south to settle particularly along the Mississippi River, and Illinois was part of first <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a>, and then of <a href="/wiki/La_Louisiane" class="mw-redirect" title="La Louisiane">La Louisiane</a> until 1763, when it passed to the British with their defeat of France in the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>. The small French settlements continued, although many French migrated west to <a href="/wiki/Ste._Genevieve,_Missouri" title="Ste. Genevieve, Missouri">Ste. Genevieve</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis, Missouri</a>, to evade British rule.<a href="#cite_note-Biles-29">[28]</a> A few British soldiers were posted in Illinois, but few British or American settlers moved there, as the Crown made it part of the territory reserved for Indians west of the Appalachians, and then part of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">British Province of Quebec</a>. In 1778, <a href="/wiki/George_Rogers_Clark" title="George Rogers Clark">George Rogers Clark</a> claimed <a href="/wiki/Illinois_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois County">Illinois County</a> for <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Virginia</a>. In a compromise, Virginia (and other states that made various claims) ceded the area to the new United States in the 1780s and it became part of the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest Territory</a>, administered by the federal government and later organized as states.<a href="#cite_note-Biles-29">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Territory" title="Indiana Territory">Indiana Territory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organic_act#List_of_organic_acts" title="Organic act">Organic act § List of organic acts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Territory" title="Illinois Territory">Illinois Territory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_Union" title="Admission to the Union">Admission to the Union</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Chicago" title="History of Chicago">History of Chicago</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Nauvoo,_Illinois" title="History of Nauvoo, Illinois">History of Nauvoo, Illinois</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Prior_to_statehood">Prior to statehood</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaskaskia_Bell_3321.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Kaskaskia_Bell_3321.jpg/220px-Kaskaskia_Bell_3321.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Kaskaskia_Bell_3321.jpg/220px-Kaskaskia_Bell_3321.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Kaskaskia_Bell_3321.jpg/330px-Kaskaskia_Bell_3321.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Kaskaskia_Bell_3321.jpg/440px-Kaskaskia_Bell_3321.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The bell donated by King Louis XV in 1741 to the French mission at Kaskaskia. It was later called the "Liberty Bell of the West", after it was rung to celebrate U.S. victory in the Revolution</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Illinois-Wabash_Company" title="Illinois-Wabash Company">Illinois-Wabash Company</a> was an early claimant to much of Illinois. The <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Territory" title="Illinois Territory">Illinois Territory</a> was created on February 3, 1809, with its capital at <a href="/wiki/Kaskaskia,_Illinois" title="Kaskaskia, Illinois">Kaskaskia</a>, an early French settlement. During the discussions leading up to Illinois's <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_Union" title="Admission to the Union">admission to the Union</a>, the proposed northern boundary of the state was moved twice.<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> The original provisions of the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Ordinance" title="Northwest Ordinance">Northwest Ordinance</a> had specified a boundary that would have been tangent to the southern tip of Lake Michigan. Such a boundary would have left Illinois with no shoreline on Lake Michigan at all. However, as Indiana had successfully been granted a 10 mi (16 km) northern extension of its boundary to provide it with a usable lakefront, the original bill for Illinois statehood, submitted to Congress on January 23, 1818, stipulated a northern border at the same latitude as Indiana's, which is defined as 10 miles north of the southernmost extremity of Lake Michigan. However, the Illinois delegate, <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Pope" title="Nathaniel Pope">Nathaniel Pope</a>, wanted more, and lobbied to have the boundary moved further north. The final bill passed by Congress included an amendment to shift the border to 42° 30' north, which is approximately 51 mi (82 km) north of the Indiana northern border. This shift added 8,500 sq mi (22,000 km2) to the state, including the <a href="/wiki/Lead_mining" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead mining">lead mining</a> region near <a href="/wiki/Galena,_Illinois" title="Galena, Illinois">Galena</a>. More importantly, it added nearly 50 miles of Lake Michigan shoreline and the Chicago River. Pope and others envisioned a canal that would connect the Chicago and Illinois rivers and thus connect the Great Lakes to the Mississippi. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_State_of_Illinois_prior_to_the_Civil_War">The State of Illinois prior to the Civil War</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_1818-12-1819-03.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/United_States_1818-12-1819-03.png/220px-United_States_1818-12-1819-03.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="677"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 149px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/United_States_1818-12-1819-03.png/220px-United_States_1818-12-1819-03.png" data-width="220" data-height="149" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/United_States_1818-12-1819-03.png/330px-United_States_1818-12-1819-03.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/United_States_1818-12-1819-03.png/440px-United_States_1818-12-1819-03.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>In 1818, Illinois became the 21st U.S. state. The southern portion of <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Territory" title="Illinois Territory">Illinois Territory</a> was admitted as the state of Illinois, and the rest was joined to <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory" title="Michigan Territory">Michigan Territory</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Coles.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Edward_Coles.png/150px-Edward_Coles.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="194" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="368"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 194px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Edward_Coles.png/150px-Edward_Coles.png" data-width="150" data-height="194" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Edward_Coles.png/225px-Edward_Coles.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Edward_Coles.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The second <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Illinois" title="Governor of Illinois">Governor of Illinois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Coles" title="Edward Coles">Edward Coles</a> brought his slaves from his home state of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> to give them their <a href="/wiki/Manumission" title="Manumission">freedom</a> when they arrived in Illinois.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Springfield,Illinois-Old_State_Capitol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Springfield%2CIllinois-Old_State_Capitol.jpg/220px-Springfield%2CIllinois-Old_State_Capitol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Springfield%2CIllinois-Old_State_Capitol.jpg/220px-Springfield%2CIllinois-Old_State_Capitol.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Springfield%2CIllinois-Old_State_Capitol.jpg/330px-Springfield%2CIllinois-Old_State_Capitol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Springfield%2CIllinois-Old_State_Capitol.jpg/440px-Springfield%2CIllinois-Old_State_Capitol.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Old_State_Capitol_State_Historic_Site" title="Old State Capitol State Historic Site">Old State Capitol</a>: Abraham Lincoln and other area legislators were instrumental in moving the state capitol to centrally located Springfield in 1839.</figcaption></figure> In 1818, Illinois became the 21st U.S. state. The capital remained at Kaskaskia, headquartered in a small building rented by the state. In 1819, <a href="/wiki/Vandalia,_Illinois" title="Vandalia, Illinois">Vandalia</a> became the capital, and over the next 18 years, three separate buildings were built to serve successively as the capitol building. In 1837, the state legislators representing <a href="/wiki/Sangamon_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangamon County">Sangamon County</a>, under the leadership of state representative <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>, succeeded in having the capital moved to <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a>,<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> where a <a href="/wiki/Old_State_Capitol_State_Historic_Site_(Illinois)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old State Capitol State Historic Site (Illinois)">fifth capitol</a> building was constructed. A <a href="/wiki/Illinois_State_Capitol" title="Illinois State Capitol">sixth capitol</a> building was erected in 1867, which continues to serve as the Illinois capitol today. Though it was ostensibly a "<a href="/wiki/Slave_and_free_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave and free states">free state</a>", there was nonetheless <a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Illinois" title="History of slavery in Illinois">slavery in Illinois</a>. The ethnic French had owned black slaves since the 1720s, and American settlers had already brought slaves into the area from <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>. Slavery was nominally banned by the Northwest Ordinance, but that was not enforced for those already holding slaves. When Illinois became a state in 1818, the Ordinance no longer applied, and about 900 slaves were held in the state. As the southern part of the state, later known as "Egypt" or "Little Egypt",<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> was largely settled by migrants from the South, the section was hostile to free blacks. <a href="/wiki/Edward_Coles" title="Edward Coles">Edward Coles</a>, the second Governor of Illinois who was born in Virginia, participated in a campaign to block extending existing slavery in Illinois after winning the <a href="/wiki/1822_Illinois_gubernatorial_election" title="1822 Illinois gubernatorial election">1822 Illinois gubernatorial election</a>. In 1824, state residents voted against making slavery legal by a vote of 6640 against to 4972 for.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> Still, most residents opposed allowing free blacks as permanent residents. Some settlers brought in slaves seasonally or as house servants.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Illinois" title="Constitution of Illinois">Illinois Constitution of 1848</a> was written with a provision for exclusionary laws to be passed. In 1853, <a href="/wiki/John_A._Logan" title="John A. Logan">John A. Logan</a> helped pass a law to prohibit all African Americans, including <a href="/wiki/Freedman" title="Freedman">freedmen</a>, from settling in the state.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> The <a href="/wiki/The_Snow_Winter_of_1880%E2%80%931881" class="mw-redirect" title="The Snow Winter of 1880–1881">winter of 1830–1831</a> is called the "Winter of the Deep Snow";<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> a sudden, deep snowfall blanketed the state, making travel impossible for the rest of the winter, and many travelers perished. Several severe winters followed, including the "Winter of the Sudden Freeze". On December 20, 1836, a fast-moving cold front passed through, freezing puddles in minutes and killing many travelers who could not reach shelter. The adverse weather resulted in crop failures in the northern part of the state. The southern part of the state shipped food north, and this may have contributed to its name, "<a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois" title="Southern Illinois">Little Egypt</a>", after the Biblical story of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph in Egypt</a> supplying grain to his brothers.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> In 1832, the <a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_War" title="Black Hawk War">Black Hawk War</a> was fought in Illinois and present-day <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> between the United States and the <a href="/wiki/Sauk_people" title="Sauk people">Sauk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meskwaki" title="Meskwaki">Fox (Meskwaki)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kickapoo_people" title="Kickapoo people">Kickapoo</a> Indian tribes. It represents the end of Indian resistance to white settlement in the Chicago region.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> The Indians had been forced to leave their homes and move to <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> in 1831; when they attempted to return, they were attacked and eventually defeated by <a href="/wiki/Militia_(United_States)" title="Militia (United States)">U.S. militia</a>. The survivors were forced back to Iowa.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> By 1832, when the last Indian lands in Illinois were ceded to the United States, the indigenous population of the state had been reduced by infectious diseases, warfare, and <a href="/wiki/Indian_removal" title="Indian removal">forced westward removal</a> to only one village with fewer than 300 inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-museum.state.il.us-25">[24]</a> By 1839, the <a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Latter Day Saints">Latter Day Saints</a> had founded a <a href="/wiki/Utopian" class="mw-redirect" title="Utopian">utopian</a> city called <a href="/wiki/Nauvoo,_Illinois" title="Nauvoo, Illinois">Nauvoo</a>, formerly called Commerce. Located in <a href="/wiki/Hancock_County,_Illinois" title="Hancock County, Illinois">Hancock County</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>, Nauvoo flourished and, by 1844, briefly surpassed Chicago for the position of the state's largest city.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> But in that same year, the <a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a> founder, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">Joseph Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Joseph_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Joseph Smith">was killed</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Carthage_Jail" title="Carthage Jail">Carthage Jail</a>, about 30 miles away from Nauvoo. Following a <a href="/wiki/Succession_crisis_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Succession crisis (Latter Day Saints)">succession crisis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young" title="Brigham Young">Brigham Young</a> led most Latter Day Saints out of Illinois in a <a href="/wiki/Mormon_pioneers" title="Mormon pioneers">mass exodus</a> to present-day <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>; after close to six years of rapid development, Nauvoo quickly declined afterward. After it was established in 1833, <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> gained prominence as a <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> port, and then as an <a href="/wiki/Illinois_and_Michigan_Canal" title="Illinois and Michigan Canal">Illinois and Michigan Canal</a> port after 1848, and as a rail hub soon afterward. By 1857, Chicago was Illinois's largest city.<a href="#cite_note-Biles-29">[28]</a> With the tremendous growth of mines and factories in the state in the 19th century, Illinois was the ground for the formation of <a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States">labor unions in the United States</a>. In 1847, after lobbying by <a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Dix" title="Dorothea Dix">Dorothea L. Dix</a>, Illinois became one of the first states to establish a system of state-supported treatment of mental illness and disabilities, replacing local <a href="/wiki/Almshouse" title="Almshouse">almshouses</a>. Dix came into this effort after having met J. O. King, a <a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Illinois" title="Jacksonville, Illinois">Jacksonville, Illinois</a> businessman, who invited her to Illinois, where he had been working to build an asylum for the insane. With the lobbying expertise of Dix, plans for the Jacksonville State Hospital (now known as the <a href="/wiki/Jacksonville_Developmental_Center" title="Jacksonville Developmental Center">Jacksonville Developmental Center</a>) were signed into law on March 1, 1847.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Civil_War_and_after">Civil War and after</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Illinois_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Illinois in the American Civil War">Illinois in the American Civil War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Embarkation_of_General_McClernand%27s_Brigade_at_Cairo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Embarkation_of_General_McClernand%27s_Brigade_at_Cairo.jpg/220px-Embarkation_of_General_McClernand%27s_Brigade_at_Cairo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1007" data-file-height="657"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 144px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Embarkation_of_General_McClernand%27s_Brigade_at_Cairo.jpg/220px-Embarkation_of_General_McClernand%27s_Brigade_at_Cairo.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="144" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Embarkation_of_General_McClernand%27s_Brigade_at_Cairo.jpg/330px-Embarkation_of_General_McClernand%27s_Brigade_at_Cairo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Embarkation_of_General_McClernand%27s_Brigade_at_Cairo.jpg/440px-Embarkation_of_General_McClernand%27s_Brigade_at_Cairo.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> troops embarking at <a href="/wiki/Cairo,_Illinois" title="Cairo, Illinois">Cairo</a> on January 10, 1862</figcaption></figure> During the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, Illinois ranked fourth in soldiers who served (more than 250,000) in the <a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union Army</a>, a figure surpassed by only New York, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>. Beginning with President <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>'s first call for troops and continuing throughout the war, Illinois mustered 150 infantry regiments, which were numbered from the 7th to the 156th regiments. Seventeen cavalry regiments were also gathered, as well as two light artillery regiments.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> The town of <a href="/wiki/Cairo,_Illinois" title="Cairo, Illinois">Cairo</a>, at the southern tip of the state at the confluence of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, served as a strategically important supply base and training center for the <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> army. For several months, both General <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Grant</a> and Admiral <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Hull_Foote" title="Andrew Hull Foote">Foote</a> had headquarters in Cairo. During the Civil War, and more so afterwards, Chicago's population skyrocketed, which increased its prominence. The <a href="/wiki/Pullman_Strike" title="Pullman Strike">Pullman Strike</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haymarket_affair" title="Haymarket affair">Haymarket Riot</a>, in particular, greatly influenced the development of the American <a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">labor movement</a>. From Sunday, October 8, 1871, until Tuesday, October 10, 1871, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Chicago_Fire" title="Great Chicago Fire">Great Chicago Fire</a> burned in downtown Chicago, destroying four sq mi (10 km2).<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Protestors_and_Chicago_Police_Officers_in_Grant_Park_-_DPLA_-_2972723d78e7f60f542da94846a6f9a6_(1)_(cropa).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Protestors_and_Chicago_Police_Officers_in_Grant_Park_-_DPLA_-_2972723d78e7f60f542da94846a6f9a6_%281%29_%28cropa%29.jpg/220px-Protestors_and_Chicago_Police_Officers_in_Grant_Park_-_DPLA_-_2972723d78e7f60f542da94846a6f9a6_%281%29_%28cropa%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1453" data-file-height="1151"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 174px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Protestors_and_Chicago_Police_Officers_in_Grant_Park_-_DPLA_-_2972723d78e7f60f542da94846a6f9a6_%281%29_%28cropa%29.jpg/220px-Protestors_and_Chicago_Police_Officers_in_Grant_Park_-_DPLA_-_2972723d78e7f60f542da94846a6f9a6_%281%29_%28cropa%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="174" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Protestors_and_Chicago_Police_Officers_in_Grant_Park_-_DPLA_-_2972723d78e7f60f542da94846a6f9a6_%281%29_%28cropa%29.jpg/330px-Protestors_and_Chicago_Police_Officers_in_Grant_Park_-_DPLA_-_2972723d78e7f60f542da94846a6f9a6_%281%29_%28cropa%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Protestors_and_Chicago_Police_Officers_in_Grant_Park_-_DPLA_-_2972723d78e7f60f542da94846a6f9a6_%281%29_%28cropa%29.jpg/440px-Protestors_and_Chicago_Police_Officers_in_Grant_Park_-_DPLA_-_2972723d78e7f60f542da94846a6f9a6_%281%29_%28cropa%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Police and protesters at the <a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1968 Democratic National Convention">1968 Democratic National Convention</a> in Chicago.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alton_Illinois_sinking_in_1993.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Alton_Illinois_sinking_in_1993.jpg/170px-Alton_Illinois_sinking_in_1993.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="232" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="341"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 232px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Alton_Illinois_sinking_in_1993.jpg/170px-Alton_Illinois_sinking_in_1993.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="232" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Alton_Illinois_sinking_in_1993.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Rising waters in <a href="/wiki/Alton,_Illinois" title="Alton, Illinois">Alton</a> in 1993.</figcaption></figure> At the turn of the 20th century, Illinois had a population of nearly 5 million. Many people from other parts of the country were attracted to the state by employment caused by the expanding industrial base. Whites were 98% of the state's population.<a href="#cite_note-census-46">[45]</a> Bolstered by continued <a href="/wiki/History_of_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="History of immigration to the United States">immigration from southern and eastern Europe</a>, and by the African-American <a href="/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Great Migration (African American)">Great Migration</a> from the South, Illinois grew and emerged as one of the most important states in the union. By the end of the century, the population had reached 12.4 million. The <a href="/wiki/Century_of_Progress" title="Century of Progress">Century of Progress</a> <a href="/wiki/World%27s_fair" title="World's fair">World's fair</a> was held at Chicago in 1933. Oil strikes in <a href="/wiki/Marion_County,_Illinois" title="Marion County, Illinois">Marion County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crawford_County,_Illinois" title="Crawford County, Illinois">Crawford County</a> led to a boom in 1937, and by 1939, Illinois ranked fourth in U.S. oil production. Illinois manufactured 6.1 percent of total United States military armaments produced during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, ranking seventh among the 48 states.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> Chicago became an ocean port with the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_Seaway" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence Seaway">Saint Lawrence Seaway</a> in 1959. The seaway and the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Waterway" title="Illinois Waterway">Illinois Waterway</a> connected Chicago to both the Mississippi River and the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>. In 1960, <a href="/wiki/Ray_Kroc" title="Ray Kroc">Ray Kroc</a> opened the first <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> franchise in <a href="/wiki/Des_Plaines,_Illinois" title="Des Plaines, Illinois">Des Plaines</a>, which was demolished in 1984.<a href="#cite_note-:0-48">[47]</a> In 1985 a replica was built on the same site to recreate how the original one looked.<a href="#cite_note-:0-48">[47]</a> Though this replica was demolished in 2017, due to repeated flooding of the building.<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> Illinois had a prominent role in the emergence of the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear age">nuclear age</a>. In 1942, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Pile-1" title="Chicago Pile-1">University of Chicago</a> conducted the first sustained <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_chain_reaction" title="Nuclear chain reaction">nuclear chain reaction</a>. In 1957, <a href="/wiki/Argonne_National_Laboratory" title="Argonne National Laboratory">Argonne National Laboratory</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, activated the first experimental nuclear power generating system in the United States. By 1960, the first privately financed nuclear plant in the United States, <a href="/wiki/Dresden_Nuclear_Power_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Dresden Nuclear Power Plant">Dresden 1</a>, was dedicated near <a href="/wiki/Morris,_Illinois" title="Morris, Illinois">Morris</a>. In 1967, <a href="/wiki/Fermilab" title="Fermilab">Fermilab</a>, a national nuclear research facility near <a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Illinois" title="Batavia, Illinois">Batavia</a>, opened a <a href="/wiki/Particle_accelerator" title="Particle accelerator">particle accelerator</a>, which was the world's largest for over 40 years. With eleven plants currently operating, Illinois leads all states in the amount of electricity generated from nuclear power.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> In 1961, Illinois became the first state in the nation to adopt the recommendation of the <a href="/wiki/American_Law_Institute" title="American Law Institute">American Law Institute</a> and pass a comprehensive criminal code revision that repealed the law against <a href="/wiki/Sodomy_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Sodomy laws in the United States">sodomy</a>. The code also abrogated <a href="/wiki/Common_law_crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Common law crime">common law crimes</a> and established an <a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent" title="Age of consent">age of consent</a> of 18.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> The state's <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Constitution">fourth constitution</a> was adopted in 1970, replacing the 1870 document.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> The first <a href="/wiki/Farm_Aid" title="Farm Aid">Farm Aid</a> concert was held in <a href="/wiki/Champaign,_Illinois" title="Champaign, Illinois">Champaign</a> to benefit American farmers, in 1985. The worst <a href="/wiki/Upper_Mississippi_River" title="Upper Mississippi River">upper Mississippi River</a> flood of the century, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Flood_of_1993" title="Great Flood of 1993">Great Flood of 1993</a>, inundated many towns and thousands of acres of farmland.<a href="#cite_note-Biles-29">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jackson_Avenue_at_Federal_Plaza,_Stay_Home_City_of_Chicago_Ad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Jackson_Avenue_at_Federal_Plaza%2C_Stay_Home_City_of_Chicago_Ad.jpg/220px-Jackson_Avenue_at_Federal_Plaza%2C_Stay_Home_City_of_Chicago_Ad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Jackson_Avenue_at_Federal_Plaza%2C_Stay_Home_City_of_Chicago_Ad.jpg/220px-Jackson_Avenue_at_Federal_Plaza%2C_Stay_Home_City_of_Chicago_Ad.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Jackson_Avenue_at_Federal_Plaza%2C_Stay_Home_City_of_Chicago_Ad.jpg/330px-Jackson_Avenue_at_Federal_Plaza%2C_Stay_Home_City_of_Chicago_Ad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Jackson_Avenue_at_Federal_Plaza%2C_Stay_Home_City_of_Chicago_Ad.jpg/440px-Jackson_Avenue_at_Federal_Plaza%2C_Stay_Home_City_of_Chicago_Ad.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A COVID-19 safety message in the Chicago Loop</figcaption></figure> Illinois entered the 21st century under Republican Governor <a href="/wiki/George_Ryan" title="George Ryan">George Ryan</a>. Near the end of his term in January 2003, following a string of high-profile exonerations, Ryan commuted all <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Illinois" title="Capital punishment in Illinois">death sentences</a> in the state.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2002_Illinois_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Illinois gubernatorial election">2002 election</a> brought Democrat <a href="/wiki/Rod_Blagojevich" title="Rod Blagojevich">Rod Blagojevich</a> to the governor's mansion. It also brought future president <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> into a committee leadership position in the Illinois Senate, where he drafted the <a href="/wiki/Health_Care_Justice_Act" title="Health Care Justice Act">Health Care Justice Act</a>, a forerunner of the <a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-fight-tested-56">[55]</a> Obama's election to the presidency in Blagojevich's second term set off a chain of events culminating in <a href="/wiki/Rod_Blagojevich_corruption_charges" title="Rod Blagojevich corruption charges">Blagojevich's impeachment</a>, trial, and subsequent criminal conviction and imprisonment, making Blagojevich the second consecutive Illinois governor to be convicted on federal corruption charges.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> Blagojevich's replacement <a href="/wiki/Pat_Quinn_(politician)" title="Pat Quinn (politician)">Pat Quinn</a> was defeated by Republican <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Rauner" title="Bruce Rauner">Bruce Rauner</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2014_Illinois_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 Illinois gubernatorial election">2014 election</a>. Disagreements between the governor and legislature over budgetary policy led to the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Budget_Impasse" title="Illinois Budget Impasse">Illinois Budget Impasse</a>, a 793-day period stretching from 2015 to 2018 in which the state had no budget and struggled to pay its bills.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> On August 28, 2017, Rauner signed a bill into law that prohibited state and local police from arresting anyone solely due to their immigration status or due to federal detainers.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> Some fellow Republicans criticized Rauner for his action, claiming the bill made Illinois a <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_city" title="Sanctuary city">sanctuary state</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2018_Illinois_gubernatorial_election" title="2018 Illinois gubernatorial election">2018 election</a>, Rauner was replaced by <a href="/wiki/J._B._Pritzker" title="J. B. Pritzker">J. B. Pritzker</a>, returning the state government to a Democratic <a href="/wiki/Government_trifecta" title="Government trifecta">trifecta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> In January 2020 the state <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Cannabis_Regulation_and_Tax_Act" title="Illinois Cannabis Regulation and Tax Act">legalized marijuana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> On March 9, 2020, Pritzker issued a disaster proclamation due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Illinois" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Illinois">COVID-19 pandemic</a>. He ended the state of emergency in May 2023.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Illinois" title="Geology of Illinois">Geology of Illinois</a></div> During the early part of the <a href="/wiki/Paleozoic_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleozoic Era">Paleozoic Era</a>, the area that would one day become Illinois was submerged beneath a shallow sea and located near the Equator. Diverse marine life lived at this time, including <a href="/wiki/Trilobite" title="Trilobite">trilobites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brachiopod" title="Brachiopod">brachiopods</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Crinoid" title="Crinoid">crinoids</a>. Changing environmental conditions led to the formation of large <a href="/wiki/Coal_forest" title="Coal forest">coal swamps</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">Carboniferous</a>. Illinois was above sea level for at least part of the <a href="/wiki/Mesozoic" title="Mesozoic">Mesozoic</a>, but by its end was again submerged by the <a href="/wiki/Western_Interior_Seaway" title="Western Interior Seaway">Western Interior Seaway</a>. This receded by the <a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene Epoch</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene_Epoch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pleistocene Epoch">Pleistocene Epoch</a>, vast ice sheets covered much of Illinois, with only the <a href="/wiki/Driftless_Area" title="Driftless Area">Driftless Area</a> remaining exposed. These <a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">glaciers</a> carved the basin of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan" title="Lake Michigan">Lake Michigan</a> and left behind traces of ancient glacial lakes and <a href="/wiki/Moraine" title="Moraine">moraines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Illinois" title="Geography of Illinois">Geography of Illinois</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Illinois" title="List of ecoregions in Illinois">List of ecoregions in Illinois</a></div> Illinois is located in the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest region</a> of the United States and is one of the eight states in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_region_(North_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Lakes region (North America)">Great Lakes region</a> of North America (which also includes <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, Canada). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boundaries">Boundaries</h3></div> Illinois's eastern border with <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> consists of a north–south line at 87° 31′ 30″ west longitude in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan" title="Lake Michigan">Lake Michigan</a> at the north, to the <a href="/wiki/Wabash_River" title="Wabash River">Wabash River</a> in the south above <a href="/wiki/Vincennes,_Indiana" title="Vincennes, Indiana">Post Vincennes</a>. The Wabash River continues as the eastern/southeastern border with Indiana until the Wabash enters the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a>. This marks the beginning of Illinois's southern border with <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, which runs along the northern shoreline of the Ohio River.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> Most of the western border with <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>; Kaskaskia is an <a href="/wiki/Exclave" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclave">exclave</a> of Illinois, lying west of the Mississippi and reachable only from Missouri. The state's northern border with <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> is fixed at 42° 30′ north latitude. The northeastern border of Illinois lies in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan" title="Lake Michigan">Lake Michigan</a>, within which Illinois shares a water boundary with the state of <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, as well as Wisconsin and Indiana.<a href="#cite_note-Nelson-26">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Looking_eastward_at_Charles_Mound,_the_highest_point_in_Illinois.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Looking_eastward_at_Charles_Mound%2C_the_highest_point_in_Illinois.jpg/220px-Looking_eastward_at_Charles_Mound%2C_the_highest_point_in_Illinois.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4088" data-file-height="2300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Looking_eastward_at_Charles_Mound%2C_the_highest_point_in_Illinois.jpg/220px-Looking_eastward_at_Charles_Mound%2C_the_highest_point_in_Illinois.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Looking_eastward_at_Charles_Mound%2C_the_highest_point_in_Illinois.jpg/330px-Looking_eastward_at_Charles_Mound%2C_the_highest_point_in_Illinois.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Looking_eastward_at_Charles_Mound%2C_the_highest_point_in_Illinois.jpg/440px-Looking_eastward_at_Charles_Mound%2C_the_highest_point_in_Illinois.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_Mound" title="Charles Mound">Charles Mound</a>, the highest natural point in Illinois at 1,235 feet (376 m) above sea level, is located in the <a href="/wiki/Driftless_Area" title="Driftless Area">Driftless Area</a> in the northwestern part of the state.</figcaption></figure> Though Illinois lies entirely in the <a href="/wiki/Interior_Plains" title="Interior Plains">Interior Plains</a>, it does have some minor variation in its elevation. In extreme northwestern Illinois, the <a href="/wiki/Driftless_Area" title="Driftless Area">Driftless Area</a>, a region of unglaciated and therefore higher and more rugged topography, occupies a small part of the state. <a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois" title="Southern Illinois">Southern Illinois</a> includes the hilly areas around the <a href="/wiki/Shawnee_National_Forest" title="Shawnee National Forest">Shawnee National Forest</a>. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Mound" title="Charles Mound">Charles Mound</a>, located in the Driftless region, has the state's highest natural elevation above sea level at 1,235 ft (376 m). Other highlands include the <a href="/wiki/Shawnee_Hills" title="Shawnee Hills">Shawnee Hills</a> in the south, and there is varying topography along its rivers; the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_River" title="Illinois River">Illinois River</a> bisects the state northeast to southwest. The floodplain on the Mississippi River from <a href="/wiki/Alton,_Illinois" title="Alton, Illinois">Alton</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Kaskaskia_River" title="Kaskaskia River">Kaskaskia River</a> is known as the <a href="/wiki/American_Bottom" title="American Bottom">American Bottom</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Divisions">Divisions</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cairo_Ohio_River_Bridge_at_sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cairo_Ohio_River_Bridge_at_sunset.jpg/220px-Cairo_Ohio_River_Bridge_at_sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2133" data-file-height="1418"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cairo_Ohio_River_Bridge_at_sunset.jpg/220px-Cairo_Ohio_River_Bridge_at_sunset.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cairo_Ohio_River_Bridge_at_sunset.jpg/330px-Cairo_Ohio_River_Bridge_at_sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cairo_Ohio_River_Bridge_at_sunset.jpg/440px-Cairo_Ohio_River_Bridge_at_sunset.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>At 279 feet (85 m) above sea level,<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> the lowest elevation point in the state is located near <a href="/wiki/Cairo,_Illinois" title="Cairo, Illinois">Cairo</a> and the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.</figcaption></figure> Illinois has three major geographical divisions. <a href="/wiki/Northern_Illinois" title="Northern Illinois">Northern Illinois</a> is dominated by <a href="/wiki/Chicago_metropolitan_area" title="Chicago metropolitan area">Chicago metropolitan area</a>, or Chicagoland, which is the city of Chicago and its suburbs, and the adjoining exurban area into which the metropolis is expanding. As defined by the federal government, the Chicago metro area includes several counties in Illinois, <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>, and has a population of over 9.8 million. Chicago itself is a cosmopolitan city, densely populated, industrialized, the transportation hub of the nation, and settled by a wide variety of ethnic groups. The city of <a href="/wiki/Rockford,_Illinois" title="Rockford, Illinois">Rockford</a>, Illinois's third-largest city and center of the state's fourth largest metropolitan area, sits along Interstates <a href="/wiki/Interstate_39" title="Interstate 39">39</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_90" title="Interstate 90">90</a> some 75 mi (121 km) northwest of Chicago. The <a href="/wiki/Quad_Cities" title="Quad Cities">Quad Cities</a> region, located along the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> in northern Illinois, had a population of 381,342 in 2011. The midsection of Illinois is the second major division, called <a href="/wiki/Central_Illinois" title="Central Illinois">Central Illinois</a>. Historically <a href="/wiki/Prairie" title="Prairie">prairie</a>, it is now mainly agricultural and known as the Heart of Illinois. It is characterized by small towns and medium–small cities. The western section (west of the Illinois River) was originally part of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Tract_of_1812" title="Military Tract of 1812">Military Tract of 1812</a> and forms the conspicuous western bulge of the state. Agriculture, particularly <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">soybeans</a>, as well as educational institutions and manufacturing centers, figure prominently in Central Illinois. Cities include <a href="/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois" title="Peoria, Illinois">Peoria</a>; <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a>, the state capital; <a href="/wiki/Quincy,_Illinois" title="Quincy, Illinois">Quincy</a>; <a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Illinois" title="Decatur, Illinois">Decatur</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bloomington-Normal,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomington-Normal, Illinois">Bloomington-Normal</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Champaign,_Illinois" title="Champaign, Illinois">Champaign</a>-<a href="/wiki/Urbana,_Illinois" title="Urbana, Illinois">Urbana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nelson-26">[25]</a> The third division is <a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois" title="Southern Illinois">Southern Illinois</a>, comprising the area south of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_50_in_Illinois" title="U.S. Route 50 in Illinois">U.S. Route 50</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois" title="Southern Illinois">Little Egypt</a>, near the juncture of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a>. Southern Illinois is the site of the ancient city of <a href="/wiki/Cahokia" title="Cahokia">Cahokia</a>, as well as the site of the first state capital at <a href="/wiki/Kaskaskia,_Illinois" title="Kaskaskia, Illinois">Kaskaskia</a>, which today is separated from the rest of the state by the Mississippi River.<a href="#cite_note-Nelson-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Horsley-68">[67]</a> This region has a somewhat warmer winter climate, different variety of crops (including some cotton farming in the past), more rugged topography (due to the area remaining unglaciated during the <a href="/wiki/Illinoian_(stage)" title="Illinoian (stage)">Illinoian Stage</a>, unlike most of the rest of the state), as well as small-scale oil deposits and coal mining. The Illinois suburbs of <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/East_St._Louis" class="mw-redirect" title="East St. Louis">East St. Louis</a>, are located in this region, and collectively, they are known as the <a href="/wiki/Metro-East" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro-East">Metro-East</a>. The other somewhat significant concentration of population in Southern Illinois is the Carbondale-Marion-Herrin, Illinois Combined Statistical Area centered on <a href="/wiki/Carbondale,_Illinois" title="Carbondale, Illinois">Carbondale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marion,_Illinois" title="Marion, Illinois">Marion</a>, a two-county area that is home to 123,272 residents.<a href="#cite_note-Nelson-26">[25]</a> A portion of southeastern Illinois is part of the extended <a href="/wiki/Evansville,_Indiana" title="Evansville, Indiana">Evansville, Indiana</a>, Metro Area, locally referred to as the Tri-State with Indiana and Kentucky. Seven Illinois counties are in the area. In addition to these three, largely latitudinally defined divisions, all of the region outside the Chicago metropolitan area is often called "<a href="/wiki/Downstate_Illinois" title="Downstate Illinois">downstate</a>" Illinois. This term is flexible, but is generally meant to mean everything outside the influence of the Chicago area. Thus, some cities in Northern Illinois, such as <a href="/wiki/DeKalb,_Illinois" title="DeKalb, Illinois">DeKalb</a>, which is west of Chicago, and <a href="/wiki/Rockford,_Illinois" title="Rockford, Illinois">Rockford</a>—which is actually north of Chicago—are sometimes incorrectly considered to be 'downstate'. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Illinois" title="Climate of Illinois">Climate of Illinois</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Illinois_tornadoes" title="List of Illinois tornadoes">List of Illinois tornadoes</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Illinois_K%C3%B6ppen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Illinois_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/200px-Illinois_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="336" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 336px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Illinois_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/200px-Illinois_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png" data-width="200" data-height="336" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Illinois_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/300px-Illinois_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Illinois_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/400px-Illinois_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate types</a> of Illinois</figcaption></figure> Illinois has a climate that varies widely throughout the year. Because of its nearly 400-mile distance between its northernmost and southernmost extremes, as well as its mid-continental situation, most of Illinois has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> Dfa), with hot, humid summers and cold winters. The southern part of the state, from about <a href="/wiki/Carbondale,_Illinois" title="Carbondale, Illinois">Carbondale</a> southward, has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (Koppen Cfa), with more moderate winters. Average yearly precipitation for Illinois varies from just over 48 in (1,219 mm) at the southern tip to around 35 in (889 mm) in the northern portion of the state. Normal annual snowfall exceeds 38 in (965 mm) in the Chicago area, while the southern portion of the state normally receives less than 14 in (356 mm).<a href="#cite_note-Climate_Maps-69">[68]</a> The all-time high temperature was 117 °F (47 °C), recorded on July 14, 1954, at <a href="/wiki/East_St._Louis,_Illinois" title="East St. Louis, Illinois">East St. Louis</a>, and the all-time low temperature was −38 °F (−39 °C), recorded on January 31, 2019, during the <a href="/wiki/January_2019_North_American_cold_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2019 North American cold wave">January 2019 North American cold wave</a> at a weather station near <a href="/wiki/Mount_Carroll,_Illinois" title="Mount Carroll, Illinois">Mount Carroll</a>,<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-SCEC-71">[70]</a> and confirmed on March 5, 2019.<a href="#cite_note-SCECreport-72">[71]</a> This followed the previous record of −36 °F (−38 °C) recorded on January 5, 1999, near <a href="/wiki/Congerville,_Illinois" title="Congerville, Illinois">Congerville</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SCECreport-72">[71]</a> Prior to the Mount Carroll record, a temperature of −37 °F (−38 °C) was recorded on January 15, 2009, at <a href="/wiki/Rochelle,_Illinois" title="Rochelle, Illinois">Rochelle</a>, but at a weather station not subjected to the same quality control as official records.<a href="#cite_note-pjstar-lose-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Weather_Underground-74">[73]</a> Illinois averages approximately 51 days of <a href="/wiki/Thunderstorm" title="Thunderstorm">thunderstorm</a> activity a year, which ranks somewhat above average in the number of thunderstorm days for the United States. Illinois is vulnerable to tornadoes, with an average of 35 occurring annually, which puts much of the state at around five tornadoes per 10,000 sq mi (30,000 km2) annually.<a href="#cite_note-Annual_average_number_of_tornadoes-75">[74]</a> While tornadoes are no more powerful in Illinois than other states, some of <a href="/wiki/Tornado_Alley" title="Tornado Alley">Tornado Alley</a>'s deadliest tornadoes on record have occurred in the state. The <a href="/wiki/Tri-State_Tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="Tri-State Tornado">Tri-State Tornado</a> of 1925 killed 695 people in three states; 613 of the victims died in Illinois.<a href="#cite_note-paddock_nws-76">[75]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin: 1em auto;"> <caption style="font-size:120%;background:#E8EAFA;">Monthly Normal High and Low Temperatures For Various Illinois Cities (°F) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000; height:17px;">City </th> <th style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;">January </th> <th style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;">February </th> <th style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;">March </th> <th style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;">April </th> <th style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;">May </th> <th style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;">June </th> <th style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;">July </th> <th style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;">August </th> <th style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;">September </th> <th style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;">October </th> <th style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;">November </th> <th style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;">December </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000; height:16px;"><a href="/wiki/Cairo,_Illinois" title="Cairo, Illinois">Cairo</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> </th> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">43/25 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">48/29 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">59/37 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">70/46 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">78/57 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">86/67 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">90/71 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">88/69 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">81/61 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">71/49 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">57/39 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">46/30 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000; height:16px;"><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> </th> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">31/16 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">36/21 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">47/31 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">59/42 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">70/52 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">81/61 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">85/65 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">83/65 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">75/57 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">64/45 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">48/34 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">36/22 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000; height:16px;"><a href="/wiki/Edwardsville,_Illinois" title="Edwardsville, Illinois">Edwardsville</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> </th> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">36/19 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">42/24 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">52/34 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">64/45 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">75/55 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">84/64 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">89/69 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">86/66 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">79/58 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">68/46 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">53/35 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">41/25 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000; height:16px;"><a href="/wiki/Moline,_Illinois" title="Moline, Illinois">Moline</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> </th> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">30/12 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">36/18 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">48/29 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">62/39 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">73/50 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">83/60 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">86/64 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">84/62 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">76/53 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">64/42 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">48/30 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">34/18 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000; height:16px;"><a href="/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois" title="Peoria, Illinois">Peoria</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> </th> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">31/14 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">37/20 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">49/30 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">62/40 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">73/51 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">82/60 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">86/65 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">84/63 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">77/54 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">64/42 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">49/31 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">36/20 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000; height:16px;"><a href="/wiki/Rockford,_Illinois" title="Rockford, Illinois">Rockford</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> </th> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">27/11 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">33/16 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">46/27 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">59/37 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">71/48 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">80/58 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">83/63 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">81/61 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">74/52 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">62/40 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">46/29 </td> <td style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;">32/17 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000; height:16px;"><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> </th> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">33/17 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">39/22 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">51/32 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">63/42 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">74/53 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">83/62 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">86/66 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">84/64 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">78/55 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">67/44 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">51/34 </td> <td style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;">38/23 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_areas">Urban areas</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Illinois_statistical_areas" title="Illinois statistical areas">Illinois statistical areas</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Illinois" title="List of municipalities in Illinois">List of municipalities in Illinois</a></div> Chicago is the largest city in the state and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">third-most populous city</a> in the United States, with a population of 2,746,388 in 2020. Furthermore, over 7 million residents of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_metropolitan_area" title="Chicago metropolitan area">Chicago metropolitan area</a> reside in Illinois. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a> currently lists seven other cities with populations of over 100,000 within the state. This includes the Chicago <a href="/wiki/Satellite_town" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite town">satellite towns</a> of <a href="/wiki/Aurora,_Illinois" title="Aurora, Illinois">Aurora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joliet,_Illinois" title="Joliet, Illinois">Joliet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naperville,_Illinois" title="Naperville, Illinois">Naperville</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Elgin,_Illinois" title="Elgin, Illinois">Elgin</a>, as well as the cities of <a href="/wiki/Rockford,_Illinois" title="Rockford, Illinois">Rockford</a>, the most populous city in the state outside of the Chicago area; <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a>, the state's capital; and <a href="/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois" title="Peoria, Illinois">Peoria</a>. The most populated city in the state south of Springfield is <a href="/wiki/Belleville,_Illinois" title="Belleville, Illinois">Belleville</a>, with 42,000 residents. It is located in the <a href="/wiki/Metro_East" title="Metro East">Metro East</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Greater_St._Louis" title="Greater St. Louis">Greater St. Louis</a>, the second-most populous urban area in Illinois with over 700,000 residents. Other major urban areas include the <a href="/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois,_metropolitan_area" title="Peoria, Illinois, metropolitan area">Peoria metropolitan area</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rockford_metropolitan_area,_Illinois" title="Rockford metropolitan area, Illinois">Rockford metropolitan area</a>, <a href="/wiki/Champaign%E2%80%93Urbana_metropolitan_area" title="Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area">Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area</a> (home to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Urbana-Champaign" title="University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign">University of Illinois</a>), <a href="/wiki/Springfield_metropolitan_area,_Illinois" title="Springfield metropolitan area, Illinois">Springfield metropolitan area</a>, the Illinois portion of the <a href="/wiki/Quad_Cities" title="Quad Cities">Quad Cities</a> area, and the <a href="/wiki/Bloomington%E2%80%93Normal" title="Bloomington–Normal">Bloomington–Normal metropolitan area</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest cities or towns in Illinois <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 U.S. census</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Illinois_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Illinois by population">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Illinois">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Illinois" title="List of counties in Illinois">County</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Illinois_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Illinois by population">Pop.</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Illinois_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Illinois by population">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Illinois">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Illinois" title="List of counties in Illinois">County</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Illinois_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Illinois by population">Pop.</a></th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Chicago_Skyline_(44713240565).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chicago"><noscript><img alt="Chicago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Chicago_Skyline_%2844713240565%29.jpg/120px-Chicago_Skyline_%2844713240565%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7334" data-file-height="5290"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 87px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Chicago_Skyline_%2844713240565%29.jpg/120px-Chicago_Skyline_%2844713240565%29.jpg" data-alt="Chicago" data-width="120" data-height="87" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Chicago_Skyline_%2844713240565%29.jpg/180px-Chicago_Skyline_%2844713240565%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Chicago_Skyline_%2844713240565%29.jpg/240px-Chicago_Skyline_%2844713240565%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Aurora,_Illinois_skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aurora"><noscript><img alt="Aurora" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Aurora%2C_Illinois_skyline.jpg/120px-Aurora%2C_Illinois_skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 68px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Aurora%2C_Illinois_skyline.jpg/120px-Aurora%2C_Illinois_skyline.jpg" data-alt="Aurora" data-width="120" data-height="68" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Aurora%2C_Illinois_skyline.jpg/180px-Aurora%2C_Illinois_skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Aurora%2C_Illinois_skyline.jpg/240px-Aurora%2C_Illinois_skyline.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Aurora,_Illinois" title="Aurora, Illinois">Aurora</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cook_County,_Illinois" title="Cook County, Illinois">Cook</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,746,388</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cicero,_Illinois" title="Cicero, Illinois">Cicero</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cook_County,_Illinois" title="Cook County, Illinois">Cook</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">85,268 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Joliet_Illinois_Skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joliet"><noscript><img alt="Joliet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Joliet_Illinois_Skyline.jpg/120px-Joliet_Illinois_Skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Joliet_Illinois_Skyline.jpg/120px-Joliet_Illinois_Skyline.jpg" data-alt="Joliet" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Joliet_Illinois_Skyline.jpg/180px-Joliet_Illinois_Skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Joliet_Illinois_Skyline.jpg/240px-Joliet_Illinois_Skyline.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Joliet,_Illinois" title="Joliet, Illinois">Joliet</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Naperville_Aerial.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Naperville"><noscript><img alt="Naperville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Downtown_Naperville_Aerial.jpg/120px-Downtown_Naperville_Aerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 68px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Downtown_Naperville_Aerial.jpg/120px-Downtown_Naperville_Aerial.jpg" data-alt="Naperville" data-width="120" data-height="68" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Downtown_Naperville_Aerial.jpg/180px-Downtown_Naperville_Aerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Downtown_Naperville_Aerial.jpg/240px-Downtown_Naperville_Aerial.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Naperville,_Illinois" title="Naperville, Illinois">Naperville</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Aurora,_Illinois" title="Aurora, Illinois">Aurora</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kane_County,_Illinois" title="Kane County, Illinois">Kane</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">180,542</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Schaumburg,_Illinois" title="Schaumburg, Illinois">Schaumburg</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cook_County,_Illinois" title="Cook County, Illinois">Cook</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">78,723 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Joliet,_Illinois" title="Joliet, Illinois">Joliet</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Will_County,_Illinois" title="Will County, Illinois">Will</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">150,362</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Illinois" title="Bloomington, Illinois">Bloomington</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/McLean_County,_Illinois" title="McLean County, Illinois">McLean</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">78,680 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Naperville,_Illinois" title="Naperville, Illinois">Naperville</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/DuPage_County,_Illinois" title="DuPage County, Illinois">DuPage</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">149,540</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Evanston,_Illinois" title="Evanston, Illinois">Evanston</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cook_County,_Illinois" title="Cook County, Illinois">Cook</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">78,110 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rockford,_Illinois" title="Rockford, Illinois">Rockford</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Winnebago_County,_Illinois" title="Winnebago County, Illinois">Winnebago</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">148,655</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Arlington_Heights,_Illinois" title="Arlington Heights, Illinois">Arlington Heights</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cook_County,_Illinois" title="Cook County, Illinois">Cook</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">77,676 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Elgin,_Illinois" title="Elgin, Illinois">Elgin</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kane_County,_Illinois" title="Kane County, Illinois">Kane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cook_County,_Illinois" title="Cook County, Illinois">Cook</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">114,797</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bolingbrook,_Illinois" title="Bolingbrook, Illinois">Bolingbrook</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Will_County,_Illinois" title="Will County, Illinois">Will</a>, <a href="/wiki/DuPage_County,_Illinois" title="DuPage County, Illinois">DuPage</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">73,922 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sangamon_County,_Illinois" title="Sangamon County, Illinois">Sangamon</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">114,394</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Illinois" title="Decatur, Illinois">Decatur</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Macon_County,_Illinois" title="Macon County, Illinois">Macon</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">70,522 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois" title="Peoria, Illinois">Peoria</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Peoria_County,_Illinois" title="Peoria County, Illinois">Peoria</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">113,150</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Palatine,_Illinois" title="Palatine, Illinois">Palatine</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cook_County,_Illinois" title="Cook County, Illinois">Cook</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">67,908 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Waukegan,_Illinois" title="Waukegan, Illinois">Waukegan</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_Illinois" title="Lake County, Illinois">Lake</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">89,321</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Skokie,_Illinois" title="Skokie, Illinois">Skokie</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cook_County,_Illinois" title="Cook County, Illinois">Cook</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">67,824 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Champaign,_Illinois" title="Champaign, Illinois">Champaign</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Champaign_County,_Illinois" title="Champaign County, Illinois">Champaign</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">88,302</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Des_Plaines,_Illinois" title="Des Plaines, Illinois">Des Plaines</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cook_County,_Illinois" title="Cook County, Illinois">Cook</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">60,675 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">It has been suggested that this section be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Splitting">split</a> out into another article titled <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Illinois">Demographics of Illinois</a>. (<a href="/wiki/Talk:Illinois" title="Talk:Illinois">Discuss</a>) (September 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a> found that the population of Illinois was 12,812,508 in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States Census">2020 United States census</a>, moving from the fifth-largest state to the sixth-largest state (losing out to Pennsylvania). Illinois' population slightly declined in 2020 from the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 United States Census">2010 United States census</a> by just over 18,000 residents and the overall population was quite higher than recent census estimates.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Illinois_2020_Population_Density.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Illinois_2020_Population_Density.png/220px-Illinois_2020_Population_Density.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2116" data-file-height="2796"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 291px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Illinois_2020_Population_Density.png/220px-Illinois_2020_Population_Density.png" data-width="220" data-height="291" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Illinois_2020_Population_Density.png/330px-Illinois_2020_Population_Density.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Illinois_2020_Population_Density.png/440px-Illinois_2020_Population_Density.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Illinois 2020 Population Density Map</figcaption></figure>Illinois is the most populous state in the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest region</a>. Chicago, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">third-most populous city in the United States</a>, is the center of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_metropolitan_area" title="Chicago metropolitan area">Chicago metropolitan area</a> or Chicagoland, as this area is nicknamed. Although the Chicago metropolitan area comprises only 9% of the land area of the state, it contains 65% of the state's residents, with 21.4% of Illinois' population living in the city of Chicago itself as of 2020.<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> The losses of population anticipated from the 2020 census results do not arise from the Chicago metro area; rather the declines are from the Downstate counties.<a href="#cite_note-VinickyWhere2020-87">[86]</a> As of the 2020 census, the state's geographic mean <a href="/wiki/Center_of_population" title="Center of population">center of population</a> is located at 41° 18′ 43″N 88° 22 23″W in <a href="/wiki/Grundy_County,_Illinois" title="Grundy County, Illinois">Grundy County</a>, about six miles northwest of <a href="/wiki/Coal_City,_Illinois" title="Coal City, Illinois">Coal City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> Illinois is the most racially and ethnically diverse state in the Midwest. By several metrics, including racial and ethnic background, religious affiliation, and percentage of rural and urban divide, Illinois is the most representative of the larger <a href="/wiki/Demography_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Demography of the United States">demography of the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>Note</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_census" title="1800 United States census">1800</a></th><td>2,458</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1810_United_States_census" title="1810 United States census">1810</a></th><td>12,282</td><td></td><td>399.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_census" title="1820 United States census">1820</a></th><td>55,211</td><td></td><td>349.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1830_United_States_census" title="1830 United States census">1830</a></th><td>157,445</td><td></td><td>185.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_census" title="1840 United States census">1840</a></th><td>476,183</td><td></td><td>202.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>851,470</td><td></td><td>78.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>1,711,951</td><td></td><td>101.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>2,539,891</td><td></td><td>48.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>3,077,871</td><td></td><td>21.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>3,826,352</td><td></td><td>24.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>4,821,550</td><td></td><td>26.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>5,638,591</td><td></td><td>16.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>6,485,280</td><td></td><td>15.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>7,630,654</td><td></td><td>17.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>7,897,241</td><td></td><td>3.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>8,712,176</td><td></td><td>10.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>10,081,158</td><td></td><td>15.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>11,113,976</td><td></td><td>10.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>11,426,518</td><td></td><td>2.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>11,430,602</td><td></td><td>0.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>12,419,293</td><td></td><td>8.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>12,830,632</td><td></td><td>3.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>12,812,508</td><td></td><td>−0.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2023 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">12,549,689</td><td><a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2023-90">[89]</a></td><td>−2.1%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote">Source: 1910–2020)</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Race_and_ethnicity">Race and ethnicity</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2020_Census">2020 Census</h4></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Illinois – Racial and Ethnic Composition (NH = Non-Hispanic) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race / Ethnicity </th> <th>Pop 2000<a href="#cite_note-2000CensusP2-91">[90]</a> </th> <th>Pop 2010<a href="#cite_note-2010CensusP2-92">[91]</a> </th> <th>Pop 2020<a href="#cite_note-2020CensusP2-93">[92]</a> </th> <th>% 2000 </th> <th>% 2010 </th> <th>% 2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>8,424,140 </td> <td>8,167,753 </td> <td>7,472,751 </td> <td>67.83% </td> <td>63.66% </td> <td>58.32% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans">Black or African American</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>1,856,152 </td> <td>1,832,924 </td> <td>1,775,612 </td> <td>14.95% </td> <td>14.29% </td> <td>13.86% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>18,232 </td> <td>18,849 </td> <td>16,561 </td> <td>0.15% </td> <td>0.15% </td> <td>0.13% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>419,916 </td> <td>580,586 </td> <td>747,280 </td> <td>3.38% </td> <td>4.52% </td> <td>5.83% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>3,116 </td> <td>2,977 </td> <td>2,959 </td> <td>0.03% </td> <td>0.02% </td> <td>0.02% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Some Other Race</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>13,479 </td> <td>16,008 </td> <td>45,080 </td> <td>0.11% </td> <td>0.12% </td> <td>0.35% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Mixed Race/Multi-Racial</a> (NH) </td> <td>153,996 </td> <td>183,957 </td> <td>414,855 </td> <td>1.24% </td> <td>1.43% </td> <td>3.24% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (any race) </td> <td>1,530,262 </td> <td>2,027,578 </td> <td>2,337,410 </td> <td>12.32% </td> <td>15.80% </td> <td>18.24% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total </td> <td>12,419,293 </td> <td>12,830,632 </td> <td>12,812,508 </td> <td>100.00% </td> <td>100.00% </td> <td>100.00% </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_Origins_in_Illinois.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ethnic_Origins_in_Illinois.png/270px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Illinois.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="240" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5614" data-file-height="5000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 270px;height: 240px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ethnic_Origins_in_Illinois.png/270px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Illinois.png" data-width="270" data-height="240" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ethnic_Origins_in_Illinois.png/405px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Illinois.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ethnic_Origins_in_Illinois.png/540px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Illinois.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Ethnic origins in Illinois</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Illinois_counties_by_race.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Illinois_counties_by_race.svg/161px-Illinois_counties_by_race.svg.png" decoding="async" width="161" height="292" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="338"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 161px;height: 292px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Illinois_counties_by_race.svg/161px-Illinois_counties_by_race.svg.png" data-width="161" data-height="292" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Illinois_counties_by_race.svg/242px-Illinois_counties_by_race.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Illinois_counties_by_race.svg/323px-Illinois_counties_by_race.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Map of counties in Illinois by racial plurality, per the 2020 U.S. census<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Non-Hispanic White</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"> 40–50%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 50–60%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 60–70%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 70–80%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 80–90%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> 90%+</div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </li></ul> </div></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible"> <caption style="font-size:90%">Ethnic composition as of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race and ethnicity<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Alone </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Total </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White (non-Hispanic)</a> </td> <td align="right">58.3% </td> <td align="left">58.3<div style="width:116.6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gray"> </div> </td> <td align="right">61.3% </td> <td align="left">61.3<div style="width:122.6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gray"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[b]</a> </td> <td align="right">— </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">18.2% </td> <td align="left">18.2<div style="width:36.4px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:green"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African American (non-Hispanic)</a> </td> <td align="right">13.9% </td> <td align="left">13.9<div style="width:27.8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td> <td align="right">15.0% </td> <td align="left">15<div style="width:30px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> </td> <td align="right">5.8% </td> <td align="left">5.8<div style="width:11.6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td> <td align="right">6.7% </td> <td align="left">6.7<div style="width:13.4px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td> <td align="left">0.1<div style="width:0.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gold"> </div> </td> <td align="right">1.1% </td> <td align="left">1.1<div style="width:2.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gold"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> </td> <td align="right">0.02% </td> <td align="left">0.02<div style="width:0.04px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:pink"> </div> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td> <td align="left">0.1<div style="width:0.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:pink"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other </td> <td align="right">0.4% </td> <td align="left">0.4<div style="width:0.8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:brown"> </div> </td> <td align="right">1.1% </td> <td align="left">1.1<div style="width:2.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:brown"> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"> <caption>Illinois Racial Breakdown of Population </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Racial composition </th> <th>1950<a href="#cite_note-:1-96">[94]</a> </th> <th>1960<a href="#cite_note-:1-96">[94]</a> </th> <th>1970<a href="#cite_note-:1-96">[94]</a> </th> <th>1980<a href="#cite_note-:1-96">[94]</a></th> <th>1990<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a></th> <th>2000<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a></th> <th>2010<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> </th> <th>2020<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White</a> </td> <td>92.4% </td> <td>89.4% </td> <td>86.4% </td> <td>80.8%</td> <td>78.3%</td> <td>73.5%</td> <td>71.5% </td> <td>61.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">Black</a> </td> <td>7.4% </td> <td>10.3% </td> <td>12.8% </td> <td>14.7%</td> <td>14.8%</td> <td>15.1%</td> <td>14.5% </td> <td>14.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a> </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td>1.4%</td> <td>2.5%</td> <td>3.4%</td> <td>4.6% </td> <td>5.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native</a> </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>0.1%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.3% </td> <td>0.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiian" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Hawaiian">Native Hawaiian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander" title="Pacific Islander">other Pacific Islander</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>0%</td> <td>0% </td> <td>0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Other race</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>3%</td> <td>4.2%</td> <td>5.8%</td> <td>6.7% </td> <td>8.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial American">Two or more races</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>1.9%</td> <td>2.3% </td> <td>8.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>3.3% </td> <td>5.6% </td> <td>7.9% </td> <td>12.3% </td> <td>15.8% </td> <td>18.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">Non-Hispanic white</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>83.5% </td> <td>78% </td> <td>74.8% </td> <td>67.8% </td> <td>63.7% </td> <td>58.3% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2022_American_Community_Survey">2022 American Community Survey</h4></div> <table class="cx-linter-tag"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:#64ECDF; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 123.06752585759px; border-left-color:#F0FF00"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#F0FF00"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#F0FF00"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 41.42135623731px; border-left-color:#E17720"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#E17720"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#E17720"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 40.980370200625px; border-left-color:#1A9"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#1A9"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#1A9"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1.1938619241444px; border-left-color:#FF33AC"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#FF33AC"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#FF33AC"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:99.950656036573px 3.1410759078128px 0 0; border-top-color:#36A"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#36A"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:64.080670777264px 76.770226212614px 0 0; border-top-color:#6A5"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#6A5"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Racial Makeup of Illinois (2022)<a href="#cite_note-CensusACS2022-101">[99]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> White alone (61.07%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Black alone (13.43%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Native American alone (0.69%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Asian Alone (6.00%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Pacific Islander Alone (0.06%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Some other race alone (7.89%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Two or more races (10.87%)</div> </div> </div></div> </td> <td valign="top"> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:#9400D3; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 44.925000258698px; border-left-color:#64ECDF"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#64ECDF"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#64ECDF"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 19.597470773993px; border-left-color:#F0FF00"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#F0FF00"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#F0FF00"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 17.258620403935px; border-left-color:#E17720"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#E17720"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#E17720"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 17.064573213496px; border-left-color:#1A9"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#1A9"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#1A9"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:97.922281062177px 20.278729535651px 0 0; border-top-color:#FF33AC"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#FF33AC"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:97.819112420301px 20.77068235048px 0 0; border-top-color:#36A"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#36A"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:50.741805188749px 86.170001776645px 0 0; border-top-color:#6A5"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#6A5"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Racial/Ethnic Makeup of Illinois excluding Hispanics from racial categories (2022)<a href="#cite_note-CensusACS2022-101">[99]</a> NH=Non-Hispanic <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> White NH (58.47%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Black NH (13.20%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Native American NH (0.08%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Asian NH (5.94%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Pacific Islander NH (0.03%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Other NH (0.36%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Two or more races NH (3.64%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Hispanic Any Race (18.28%)</div> </div> </div></div> </td> <td valign="top"> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:#64ECDF; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:61.191363190953px 79.092459001051px 0 0; border-top-color:#F0FF00"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#F0FF00"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:6.3230050924802px; border-width:0 0 93.67699490752px 34.994579938849px; border-bottom-color:#E17720"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:6.6569768216924px; border-width:0 0 93.343023178308px 35.87589753489px; border-bottom-color:#1A9"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:7.4208570285381px; border-width:0 0 92.579142971462px 37.80346924119px; border-bottom-color:#FF33AC"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:17.291942572544px; border-width:0 0 82.708057427456px 56.208337785213px; border-bottom-color:#36A"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:22.035591175229px; border-width:0 0 77.964408824771px 62.622288017957px; border-bottom-color:#6A5"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Racial Makeup of Hispanics in Illinois (2022)<a href="#cite_note-CensusACS2022-101">[99]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> White alone (14.23%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Black alone (1.27%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Native American alone (3.33%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Asian Alone (0.33%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Pacific Islander Alone (0.15%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Other race alone (41.17%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Two or more races (39.52%)</div> </div> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> According to 2022 U.S. Census Bureau estimates, Illinois' population was 61.1% <a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White</a>, 13.4% Black or <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African American</a>, 0.1% <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaskan Native">Alaskan Native</a>, 6.0% <a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a>, 0.1% <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander" title="Pacific Islander">Pacific Islander</a>, 7.9% Some Other Race, and 10.9% from <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial American">two or more races</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CensusACS2022-101">[99]</a> The white population continues to remain the largest racial category in Illinois. Hispanics are allocated amongst the various racial groups and primarily identify as Some Other Race (41.2%) or Multiracial (39.5%) with the remainder identifying as White (14.2%), Black (1.3%), American Indian and Alaskan Native (3.3), Asian (0.3%), and Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (0.2%).<a href="#cite_note-CensusACS2022-101">[99]</a> By ethnicity, 18.3% of the total population is <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic-Latino</a> (of any race) and 81.7% is Non-Hispanic (of any race). If treated as a separate category, Hispanics are the largest minority group in Illinois.<a href="#cite_note-CensusACS2022-101">[99]</a> As of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Illinois&action=edit">[update]</a>, 50% of Illinois's population younger than age 4 were minorities (Note: Children born to white Hispanics or to a sole full or partial minority parent are counted as minorities).<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> The state's most populous ethnic group, non-Hispanic white, has declined from 83.5% in 1970<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> to 58.5% in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-CensusACS2022-101">[99]</a> Almost 60% of Illinois' minority population, including over 67% of the black population, lives in <a href="/wiki/Cook_County,_Illinois" title="Cook County, Illinois">Cook County</a>, while the county includes around 40% of the state's total population.<a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a> Cook County, which is home to <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, is the only <a href="/wiki/Majority_minority_in_the_United_States" title="Majority minority in the United States">majority-minority</a> county within Illinois, with non-Hispanic whites making up a plurality of 40.4% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> In 2020, 96,498 identified as being Native American alone, while 184,487 did in combination with one or more other races. Over half of this demographic also identified as being Hispanic or Latino.<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h3></div> According to 2022 estimates from the American Community Survey, 16% of the population had <a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German</a> ancestry, 14% had <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican</a> ancestry, 10.4% had <a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish</a> ancestry, 7.1% had <a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English</a> ancestry, 6.2% had <a href="/wiki/Polish_Americans" title="Polish Americans">Polish</a> ancestry, 5.2% had <a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian</a> ancestry, 3.4% listed themselves as <a href="/wiki/American_ancestry" title="American ancestry">American</a>, 2.3% had <a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans" title="Indian Americans">Indian</a> ancestry, 1.7% had <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans" title="Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rican</a> ancestry, 1.7% had <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Americans" title="Swedish Americans">Swedish</a> ancestry, 1.4% had <a href="/wiki/Filipino_Americans" title="Filipino Americans">Filipino</a> ancestry, 1.4% had <a href="/wiki/French_Americans" title="French Americans">French</a> ancestry, and 1.2% had <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese</a> ancestry. The state also has a large population of <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African-Americans</a>, making up 15.3% of the population alone or in combination.<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> This table displays all self-reported <a href="/wiki/Ancestries_of_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancestries of Americans">ancestries</a> with over 50,000 members in Illinois, alone or in combination, according to estimates from the 2022 American Community Survey. Hispanic groups are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry: <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ancestry </th> <th>Number in 2022 (Alone)<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> </th> <th>Number as of 2022 (Alone or in any combination)<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> </th> <th>% Total </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German</a> </td> <td>649,997 </td> <td>2,014,297 </td> <td>16.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black or African American</a> (Including Afro-Caribbean & Sub-Saharan African) </td> <td>1,689,724 </td> <td>1,931,027 </td> <td>15.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>1,759,842 </td> <td>14.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish</a> </td> <td>338,198 </td> <td>1,312,888 </td> <td>10.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English</a> </td> <td>278,564 </td> <td>891,189 </td> <td>7.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish_Americans" title="Polish Americans">Polish</a> </td> <td>336,810 </td> <td>780,152 </td> <td>6.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian</a> </td> <td>205,189 </td> <td>657,830 </td> <td>5.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/American_ancestry" title="American ancestry">American</a> (Mostly <a href="/wiki/Old_Stock_Americans" title="Old Stock Americans">old-stock</a> white Americans of British descent) </td> <td>345,772 </td> <td>428,431 </td> <td>3.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans" title="Indian Americans">Indian</a> </td> <td>270,311 </td> <td>287,101 </td> <td>2.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans" title="Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rican</a> </td> <td>— </td> <td>214,835 </td> <td>1.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Americans" title="Swedish Americans">Swedish</a> </td> <td>48,814 </td> <td>210,128 </td> <td>1.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Americans" title="Filipino Americans">Filipino</a> </td> <td>131,433 </td> <td>175,619 </td> <td>1.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Americans" title="French Americans">French</a> </td> <td>27,025 </td> <td>174,964 </td> <td>1.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese</a> </td> <td>130,864 </td> <td>153,277 </td> <td>1.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Broadly "<a href="/wiki/European_Americans" title="European Americans">European</a>" (No country specified) </td> <td>114,209 </td> <td>146,671 </td> <td>1.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scottish</a> </td> <td>33,638 </td> <td>136,636 </td> <td>1.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Americans" title="Norwegian Americans">Norwegian</a> </td> <td>33,099 </td> <td>133,538 </td> <td>1.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Americans" title="Dutch Americans">Dutch</a> </td> <td>32,184 </td> <td>122,139 </td> <td>1.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arab_Americans" title="Arab Americans">Arab</a> </td> <td>74,779 </td> <td>106,612 </td> <td>0.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Czech_Americans" title="Czech Americans">Czech</a> </td> <td>21,168 </td> <td>83,090 </td> <td>0.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greek_Americans" title="Greek Americans">Greek</a> </td> <td>39,290 </td> <td>82,360 </td> <td>0.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Americans" title="Russian Americans">Russian</a> </td> <td>27,532 </td> <td>79,623 </td> <td>0.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Americans" title="Lithuanian Americans">Lithuanian</a> </td> <td>27,001 </td> <td>73,207 </td> <td>0.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Korean_Americans" title="Korean Americans">Korean</a> </td> <td>55,515 </td> <td>71,709 </td> <td>0.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_Americans" title="Scotch-Irish Americans">Scotch-Irish</a> </td> <td>16,817 </td> <td>60,693 </td> <td>0.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Americans" title="Ukrainian Americans">Ukrainian</a> </td> <td>37,306 </td> <td>60,623 </td> <td>0.5% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration">Immigration</h3></div> At the 2022 estimates from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a>, there were 1,810,100 foreign-born inhabitants of the state or 14.4% of the population, with 37.8% from Mexico or Central America, 31% from Asia, 20.2% from Europe, 4.3% from South America, 4.2% from Africa, 1% from Canada, and 0.2% from Oceania.<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> Of the foreign-born population, 53.5% were <a href="/wiki/United_States_nationality_law" title="United States nationality law">naturalized U.S. citizens</a>, and 46.5% were not U.S. citizens.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> The top countries of origin for immigrants in Illinois were <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Place of Birth </th> <th>Population (2022)<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a> </th> <th>% of Total </th></tr> <tr> <th>United States </th> <th>10,660,218 </th> <th>84.7% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Illinois </td> <td>8,379,091 </td> <td>66.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other States or D.C. </td> <td>2,227,917 </td> <td>17.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> </td> <td>50,577 </td> <td>0.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">US Territories</a> </td> <td>2,633 </td> <td>0.0% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Born abroad to American parents </th> <th>111,714 </th> <th>0.9% </th></tr> <tr> <th>Mexico & Central America </th> <th>683,766 </th> <th>5.4% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td> <td>621,541 </td> <td>4.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> </td> <td>22,886 </td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> </td> <td>13,811 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> </td> <td>12,097 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a> </td> <td>7,150 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central American</a> countries </td> <td>6,281 </td> <td>0.0% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Caribbean (Not including Puerto Rico) </th> <th>25,258 </th> <th>0.2% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> </td> <td>6,955 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> </td> <td>6,873 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> </td> <td>5,265 </td> <td>0.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> countries </td> <td>6,165 </td> <td>0.0% </td></tr> <tr> <th>South America </th> <th>76,944 </th> <th>0.7% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td> <td>22,796 </td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td> <td>15,387 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> </td> <td>14,356 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td> <td>9,164 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td> <td>6,426 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South American</a> countries </td> <td>8,815 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Northern America </th> <th>17,775 </th> <th>0.1% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td>17,632 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other Northern American countries </td> <td>143 </td> <td>0.0% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Eastern Europe </th> <th>271,358 </th> <th>2.2% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </td> <td>120,473 </td> <td>1.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </td> <td>33,575 </td> <td>0.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> </td> <td>15,452 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td>14,930 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </td> <td>13,464 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia & Herzegovina</a> </td> <td>11,071 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern European</a> countries </td> <td>62,393 </td> <td>0.5% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Western Europe </th> <th>30,076 </th> <th>0.3% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td>19,611 </td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western European</a> countries </td> <td>10,465 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Southern Europe </th> <th>34,997 </th> <th>0.3% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td>18,660 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </td> <td>12,463 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other <a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern European</a> countries </td> <td>3,874 </td> <td>0.0% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Northern Europe </th> <th>27,573 </th> <th>0.2% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (Including overseas <a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown</a> <a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Dependencies</a>) </td> <td>19,123 </td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> </td> <td>5,465 </td> <td>0.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern European</a> countries </td> <td>2,985 </td> <td>0.0% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Europe, unspecified country </th> <th>1,353 </th> <th>0.0% </th></tr> <tr> <th>East Asia </th> <th>137,098 </th> <th>1.1% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td>77,933 </td> <td>0.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North</a> & <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South</a>) </td> <td>37,662 </td> <td>0.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td>9,905 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> </td> <td>8,995 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asian</a> countries </td> <td>2,603 </td> <td>0.0% </td></tr> <tr> <th>South or Central Asia </th> <th>231,775 </th> <th>1.8% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>173,578 </td> <td>1.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </td> <td>29,823 </td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> </td> <td>5,858 </td> <td>0.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South</a> or <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asian</a> countries </td> <td>22,516 </td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Southeast Asia </th> <th>131,684 </th> <th>1.0% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> </td> <td>92,569 </td> <td>0.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </td> <td>18,559 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> </td> <td>5,268 </td> <td>0.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asian</a> countries </td> <td>15,288 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <th>West Asia </th> <th>52,352 </th> <th>0.4% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> </td> <td>13,341 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> </td> <td>8,240 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> </td> <td>8,130 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td>5,271 </td> <td>0.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other <a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">West Asian</a> countries </td> <td>17,370 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Asia, unspecified country </th> <th>8,366 </th> <th>0.1% </th></tr> <tr> <th>Sub-Saharan Africa </th> <th>63,590 </th> <th>0.6% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> </td> <td>22,648 </td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> </td> <td>6,018 </td> <td>0.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> </td> <td>5,069 </td> <td>0.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan African</a> countries </td> <td>29,855 </td> <td>0.3% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> </th> <th>11,924 </th> <th>0.1% </th></tr> <tr> <th>Africa, unspecified country </th> <th>2,368 </th> <th>0.0% </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> </th> <th>4,211 </th> <th>0.0% </th></tr> <tr> <th>Total Population </th> <th>12,582,032 </th> <th>100% </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Age_and_sex">Age and sex</h3></div> In 2022, 11.2% of Illinois's population was reported as being under the age of 9, 12.9% were between 10 and 19 years old, 13.4% were 20–29 years old, 13.6% were 30–39 years old, 12.6% were 40–49 years old, 12.7% were 50–59 years old, 11.9% were 60–69 years old, 7.7% were 70–79 years old, and 4% were over the age of 80.<a href="#cite_note-Census_profile:_Illinois-122">[120]</a> The median age in Illinois is 39.1 years. Females made up approximately 50.5% of the population, while males made up 49.5%.<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a> According to a 2022 study from the <a href="/wiki/Williams_Institute" title="Williams Institute">Williams Institute</a>, an estimated 0.44% of adults in Illinois identify as <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a>, a rate slightly lower than the national estimate of 0.52%.<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> According to a Gallup survey from 2019, 4.3% of adults in Illinois identify as <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBTQ</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Age Group </th> <th>% of Total (2022) </th> <th>Population (2022) </th></tr> <tr> <td>0-9 </td> <td>11.2% </td> <td>1,409,553 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10-19 </td> <td>12.9% </td> <td>1,628,658 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20-29 </td> <td>13.4% </td> <td>1,683,823 </td></tr> <tr> <td>30-39 </td> <td>13.6% </td> <td>1,709,929 </td></tr> <tr> <td>40-49 </td> <td>12.6% </td> <td>1,579,665 </td></tr> <tr> <td>50-59 </td> <td>12.7% </td> <td>1,596,049 </td></tr> <tr> <td>60-69 </td> <td>11.9% </td> <td>1,501,221 </td></tr> <tr> <td>70-79 </td> <td>7.7% </td> <td>970,961 </td></tr> <tr> <td>80+ </td> <td>4% </td> <td>502,173 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Socioeconomics">Socioeconomics</h3></div> As of 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Per_capita_income" title="Per capita income">per-capita income</a> in Illinois is $43,317, and the <a href="/wiki/Median_income" title="Median income">median income</a> for a household in the state is $76,708, slightly higher than the national average. 11.9% of the population lives below the <a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">poverty line</a>, including 16% of children under 18 and 10% of those over the age of 65. There are 5,056,360 households in Illinois, with an average size of 2.4 people per household. 90.4% of the adult population has a high school diploma, and 37.7% of the population over 25 has a bachelor's degree or higher, compared to a national average of 35.7%.<a href="#cite_note-Census_profile:_Illinois-122">[120]</a> In 2021, Illinois scored 0.929 on the UN's <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a>, placing it in the category of "very high" Human Development and slightly higher than the US average of 0.921.<a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">HUD</a>'s 2022 <a href="/wiki/Annual_Homeless_Assessment_Report_to_Congress" title="Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress">Annual Homeless Assessment Report</a>, there were an estimated 9,212 <a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Illinois">homeless people in Illinois</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth_data_by_race/ethnicity">Birth data by race/ethnicity</h3></div> Births do not add up, because Hispanics are counted both by ethnicity and by race. <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%"> <caption>Live Births by Single Race/Ethnicity of Mother </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Race</a> </th> <th>2013<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a> </th> <th>2014<a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a> </th> <th>2015<a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a> </th> <th>2016<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a> </th> <th>2017<a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> </th> <th>2018<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> </th> <th>2019<a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a> </th> <th>2020<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> </th> <th>2021<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> </th> <th>2022<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White</a>: </td> <td>119,157 (75.9%) </td> <td>119,995 (75.7%) </td> <td>119,630 (75.6%) </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td> <td>... </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">Non-Hispanic White</a> </td> <td>85,866 (54.7%) </td> <td>86,227 (54.4%) </td> <td>85,424 (54.0%) </td> <td>82,318 (53.3%) </td> <td>78,925 (52.8%) </td> <td>77,244 (53.3%) </td> <td>74,434 (53.1%) </td> <td>70,550 (52.9%) </td> <td>71,482 (54.1%) </td> <td>68,107 (53.1%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black</a> </td> <td>27,692 (17.6%) </td> <td>28,160 (17.8%) </td> <td>28,059 (17.7%) </td> <td>25,619 (16.6%) </td> <td>25,685 (17.2%) </td> <td>24,482 (16.9%) </td> <td>23,258 (16.6%) </td> <td>22,293 (16.7%) </td> <td>20,779 (15.7%) </td> <td>19,296 (15.0%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> </td> <td>9,848 (6.3%) </td> <td>10,174 (6.4%) </td> <td>10,222 (6.5%) </td> <td>10,015 (6.5%) </td> <td>9,650 (6.5%) </td> <td>9,452 (6.5%) </td> <td>9,169 (6.5%) </td> <td>8,505 (6.4%) </td> <td>8,338 (6.3%) </td> <td>8,277 (6.4%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indian</a> </td> <td>234 (0.1%) </td> <td>227 (0.1%) </td> <td>205 (0.1%) </td> <td>110 (0.0%) </td> <td>133 (0.1%) </td> <td>129 (0.1%) </td> <td>119 (0.1%) </td> <td>79 (>0.1%) </td> <td>86 (>0.1%) </td> <td>126 (0.1%) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a> (of any race) </td> <td>33,454 (21.3%) </td> <td>33,803 (21.3%) </td> <td>33,902 (21.4%) </td> <td>32,635 (21.1%) </td> <td>31,428 (21.0%) </td> <td>30,362 (21.0%) </td> <td>30,097 (21.5%) </td> <td>28,808 (21.6%) </td> <td>28,546 (21.6%) </td> <td>29,710 (23.1%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total Illinois </td> <td>156,931 (100%) </td> <td>158,556 (100%) </td> <td>158,116 (100%) </td> <td>154,445 (100%) </td> <td>149,390 (100%) </td> <td>144,815 (100%) </td> <td>140,128 (100%) </td> <td>133,298 (100%) </td> <td>132,189 (100%) </td> <td>128,350 (100%) </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Since 2016, data for births of <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a> origin are not collected by race, but included in one Hispanic group; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Illinois" title="Languages of Illinois">Languages of Illinois</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a> of Illinois is <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>,<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> although between 1923 and 1969, state law gave official status to "the American language". Nearly 80% of people in Illinois speak English natively, and most of the rest speak it fluently as a second language.<a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a> A number of dialects of <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a> are spoken, ranging from <a href="/wiki/Inland_Northern_American_English" title="Inland Northern American English">Inland Northern American English</a> and <a href="/wiki/African-American_English" title="African-American English">African-American English</a> around Chicago, to <a href="/wiki/Midland_American_English" title="Midland American English">Midland American English</a> in Central Illinois, to <a href="/wiki/Southern_American_English" title="Southern American English">Southern American English</a> in the far south. Over 23% of Illinoians speak a language other than English at home, of which <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> is by far the most widespread, at more than 13% of the total population.<a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a> A sizeable number of <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> speakers is present in the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago Metropolitan Area">Chicago Metropolitan Area</a>. <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Country_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Country French">Illinois Country French</a> has mostly gone extinct in Illinois, although it is still celebrated in the <a href="/wiki/French_Colonial_Historic_District" title="French Colonial Historic District">French Colonial Historic District</a>. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Language spoken at home </th> <th>% of Total (2022)<a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a> </th> <th>Population (2022) </th></tr> <tr> <td>English only </td> <td>76.1% </td> <td>9,067,296 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spanish </td> <td>13.8% </td> <td>1,638,808 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> languages </td> <td>5.8% </td> <td>687,797 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian/Pacific Islander languages </td> <td>3.1% </td> <td>372,475 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other languages </td> <td>1.2% </td> <td>141,445 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total population aged 5+ </th> <th>100% </th> <th>11,907,821 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Black; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1589.4544843865px; border-left-color:Chartreuse"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Chartreuse"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Chartreuse"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 791.58150883059px; border-left-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 524.21835811132px; border-left-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 389.47428549299px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 307.76835371753px; border-left-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 212.51081731572px; border-left-color:Honeydew"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Honeydew"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Honeydew"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:96.858316112863px 24.868988716485px 0 0; border-top-color:#d4213d"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#d4213d"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 212.51081731572px 100px 0; border-right-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Religion in Illinois (2014)<a href="#cite_note-pew2014-143">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> (43%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a> (28%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Irreligious" class="mw-redirect" title="Irreligious">No religion</a> (22%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> (2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Other religion (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> No response given/Unknown (1%)</div> </div> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Christianity">Christianity</h4></div> Roman Catholics constitute the single largest religious denomination in Illinois; they are heavily concentrated in and around Chicago and account for nearly 30% of the state's population.<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> However, taken together as a group, the various Protestant denominations comprise a greater percentage of the state's population than do Catholics. In 2010, Catholics in Illinois numbered 3,648,907. The largest Protestant denominations were the <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a> with 314,461 members and the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a> with 283,519. Illinois has one of the largest concentrations of <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Synod_Lutherans" class="mw-redirect" title="Missouri Synod Lutherans">Missouri Synod Lutherans</a> in the United States. Illinois played an important role in the early <a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a>, with Nauvoo becoming a gathering place for Mormons in the early 1840s. Nauvoo was the location of the <a href="/wiki/Succession_crisis_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Succession crisis (Latter Day Saints)">succession crisis</a>, which led to the separation of the Mormon movement into <a href="/wiki/List_of_denominations_in_the_Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="List of denominations in the Latter Day Saint movement">several Latter Day Saint sects</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>, the largest of the sects to emerge from the Mormon schism, has more than 55,000 adherents in Illinois today.<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_Abrahamic_religious_communities">Other Abrahamic religious communities</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baha%27i_Temple_WikiP-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Baha%27i_Temple_WikiP-1.jpg/170px-Baha%27i_Temple_WikiP-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="258" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3421" data-file-height="5184"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 258px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Baha%27i_Temple_WikiP-1.jpg/170px-Baha%27i_Temple_WikiP-1.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="258" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Baha%27i_Temple_WikiP-1.jpg/255px-Baha%27i_Temple_WikiP-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Baha%27i_Temple_WikiP-1.jpg/340px-Baha%27i_Temple_WikiP-1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_House_of_Worship_(Wilmette,_Illinois)" title="Baháʼí House of Worship (Wilmette, Illinois)">The Baháʼí House of Worship</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wilmette,_Illinois" title="Wilmette, Illinois">Wilmette, Illinois</a></figcaption></figure> A significant number of adherents of other <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic faiths</a> can be found in Illinois. Largely concentrated in the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_metropolitan_area" title="Chicago metropolitan area">Chicago metropolitan area</a>, followers of the <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> religions all call the state home.<a href="#cite_note-thearda.com-147">[145]</a> Muslims constituted the largest non-Christian group, with 359,264 adherents.<a href="#cite_note-www.thearda.com-148">[146]</a> Illinois has the largest concentration of Muslims by state in the country, with 2,800 Muslims per 100,000 citizens.<a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a> The largest and oldest surviving <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_House_of_Worship_(Wilmette,_Illinois)" title="Baháʼí House of Worship (Wilmette, Illinois)">Baháʼí House of Worship</a> in the world is located on the shores of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan" title="Lake Michigan">Lake Michigan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wilmette,_Illinois" title="Wilmette, Illinois">Wilmette, Illinois</a>, one of eight continental <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_House_of_Worship" title="Baháʼí House of Worship">Baháʼí House of Worship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a> It serves as a space for people of all backgrounds and religions to gather, meditate, reflect, and pray, expressing the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí</a> principle of the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_the_unity_of_religion" title="Baháʼí Faith and the unity of religion">oneness of religions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> The Chicago area has a very large Jewish community, particularly in the suburbs of <a href="/wiki/Skokie,_Illinois" title="Skokie, Illinois">Skokie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Grove,_Illinois" title="Buffalo Grove, Illinois">Buffalo Grove</a>, <a href="/wiki/Highland_Park,_Illinois" title="Highland Park, Illinois">Highland Park</a>, and surrounding suburbs. Former Chicago Mayor <a href="/wiki/Rahm_Emanuel" title="Rahm Emanuel">Rahm Emanuel</a> was the Windy City's first Jewish mayor. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_religions">Other religions</h4></div> Chicago is also home to a very large population of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikhs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jains</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-thearda.com-147">[145]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Illinois" title="Economy of Illinois">Economy of Illinois</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Illinois_locations_by_per_capita_income" title="List of Illinois locations by per capita income">List of Illinois locations by per capita income</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Illinois_counties_by_GDP_(2021).png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Illinois_counties_by_GDP_%282021%29.png/220px-Illinois_counties_by_GDP_%282021%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5375" data-file-height="4326"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 177px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Illinois_counties_by_GDP_%282021%29.png/220px-Illinois_counties_by_GDP_%282021%29.png" data-width="220" data-height="177" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Illinois_counties_by_GDP_%282021%29.png/330px-Illinois_counties_by_GDP_%282021%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Illinois_counties_by_GDP_%282021%29.png/440px-Illinois_counties_by_GDP_%282021%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Illinois counties by GDP (2021)</figcaption></figure> As of 2022, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_GDP_(nominal)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by GDP (nominal)">gross state product</a> for Illinois reached US$1.0 trillion.<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a> As of February 2019, the unemployment rate in Illinois reached 4.2%.<a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a> Illinois's <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage_in_the_United_States" title="Minimum wage in the United States">minimum wage</a> will rise to $15 per hour by 2025, making it one of the highest in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Illinois">Agriculture in Illinois</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Deere_9660STS_combine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/John_Deere_9660STS_combine.jpg/220px-John_Deere_9660STS_combine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/John_Deere_9660STS_combine.jpg/220px-John_Deere_9660STS_combine.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/John_Deere_9660STS_combine.jpg/330px-John_Deere_9660STS_combine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/John_Deere_9660STS_combine.jpg/440px-John_Deere_9660STS_combine.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/John_Deere" title="John Deere">John Deere</a> <a href="/wiki/Combine_harvester" title="Combine harvester">combine harvester</a> on an Illinois farm; the company is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Moline,_Illinois" title="Moline, Illinois">Moline, Illinois</a>.</figcaption></figure> Illinois's major agricultural outputs are <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">soybeans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pig" title="Pig">hogs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cattle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dairy_product" title="Dairy product">dairy products</a>, and wheat. In most years, Illinois is either the first or second state for the highest production of soybeans, with a harvest of 427.7 million bushels (11.64 million <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">metric tons</a>) in 2008, after Iowa's production of 444.82 million bushels (12.11 million metric tons).<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a> Illinois ranks second in U.S. corn production with more than 1.5 billion bushels produced annually.<a href="#cite_note-ilcorn-156">[154]</a> With a production capacity of 1.5 billion gallons per year, Illinois is a top producer of ethanol, ranking third in the United States in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-eia.gov-157">[155]</a> Illinois is a leader in food manufacturing and meat processing.<a href="#cite_note-stateil-158">[156]</a> Although Chicago may no longer be "<a href="/wiki/Chicago_(poem)" title="Chicago (poem)">Hog Butcher for the World</a>", the Chicago area remains a global center for <a href="/wiki/Food_manufacturers_of_Chicago" class="mw-redirect" title="Food manufacturers of Chicago">food manufacture and meat processing</a>,<a href="#cite_note-stateil-158">[156]</a> with many plants, processing houses, and distribution facilities concentrated in the area of the former <a href="/wiki/Union_Stock_Yards" title="Union Stock Yards">Union Stock Yards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a> Illinois also produces <a href="/wiki/Illinois_wine" title="Illinois wine">wine</a>, and the state is home to two <a href="/wiki/American_viticultural_area" class="mw-redirect" title="American viticultural area">American viticultural areas</a>. In the area of The Meeting of the Great Rivers Scenic Byway, peaches and apples are grown. The German immigrants from agricultural backgrounds who settled in Illinois in the mid- to late 19th century are in part responsible for the profusion of fruit orchards in that area of Illinois.<a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a> Illinois's universities are actively researching alternative agricultural products as alternative crops. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manufacturing">Manufacturing</h3></div> Illinois is one of the nation's manufacturing leaders, boasting annual value added productivity by manufacturing of over $107 billion in 2006. As of 2011<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Illinois&action=edit">[update]</a>, Illinois is ranked as the 4th-most productive manufacturing state in the country, behind California, Texas, and Ohio.<a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a> About three-quarters of the state's manufacturers are located in the Northeastern Opportunity Return Region, with 38 percent of Illinois's approximately 18,900 manufacturing plants located in Cook County. As of 2006, the leading manufacturing industries in Illinois, based upon value-added, were chemical manufacturing ($18.3 billion), machinery manufacturing ($13.4 billion), food manufacturing ($12.9 billion), fabricated metal products ($11.5 billion), transportation equipment ($7.4 billion), plastics and rubber products ($7.0 billion), and computer and electronic products ($6.1 billion).<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Services">Services</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Chicago_(51574643886).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Chicago_%2851574643886%29.jpg/220px-Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Chicago_%2851574643886%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3240"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 138px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Chicago_%2851574643886%29.jpg/220px-Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Chicago_%2851574643886%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="138" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Chicago_%2851574643886%29.jpg/330px-Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Chicago_%2851574643886%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Chicago_%2851574643886%29.jpg/440px-Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Chicago_%2851574643886%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_Chicago" title="Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago">Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago</a>, one of twelve <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank" title="Federal Reserve Bank">Federal Reserve Banks</a>, at the heart of Chicago's financial center.</figcaption></figure> By the early 2000s, Illinois's economy had moved toward a dependence on high-value-added services, such as financial trading, higher education, law, logistics, and medicine. In some cases, these services clustered around institutions that hearkened back to Illinois's earlier economies. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Mercantile_Exchange" title="Chicago Mercantile Exchange">Chicago Mercantile Exchange</a>, a trading exchange for global <a href="/wiki/Derivative_(finance)" title="Derivative (finance)">derivatives</a>, had begun its life as an agricultural <a href="/wiki/Futures_exchange" title="Futures exchange">futures market</a>. Other important non-manufacturing industries include publishing, tourism, and energy production and distribution. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Investments">Investments</h3></div> Venture capitalists funded a total of approximately $62 billion in the U.S. economy in 2016. Of this amount, Illinois-based companies received approximately $1.1 billion. Similarly, in FY 2016, the federal government spent $461 billion on contracts in the U.S. Of this amount, Illinois-based companies received approximately $8.7 billion.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Illinois" title="List of power stations in Illinois">List of power stations in Illinois</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Illinois" title="Solar power in Illinois">Solar power in Illinois</a></div> Illinois is a net importer of fuels for energy, despite large coal resources and some minor oil production. Illinois exports electricity, ranking fifth among states in electricity production and seventh in electricity consumption.<a href="#cite_note-finley-163">[161]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Coal">Coal</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IllinoisBasinMap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/IllinoisBasinMap.jpg/220px-IllinoisBasinMap.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="558"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 284px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/IllinoisBasinMap.jpg/220px-IllinoisBasinMap.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="284" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/IllinoisBasinMap.jpg/330px-IllinoisBasinMap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/IllinoisBasinMap.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Location of the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Basin" title="Illinois Basin">Illinois Basin</a></figcaption></figure> The coal industry of Illinois has its origins in the middle 19th century, when entrepreneurs such as <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Loose" title="Jacob Loose">Jacob Loose</a> discovered coal in locations such as <a href="/wiki/Sangamon_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangamon County">Sangamon County</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Bunn" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob Bunn">Jacob Bunn</a> contributed to the development of the Illinois coal industry and was a founder and owner of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Coal_%26_Mining_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Coal & Mining Company (page does not exist)">Western Coal & Mining Company</a> of Illinois. About 68% of Illinois has coal-bearing strata of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvanian_(geology)" title="Pennsylvanian (geology)">Pennsylvanian</a> geologic period. According to the Illinois State Geological Survey, 211 billion tons of <a href="/wiki/Bituminous_coal" title="Bituminous coal">bituminous coal</a> are estimated to lie under the surface, having a total heating value greater than the estimated oil deposits in the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a> However, this coal has a high <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a> content, which causes <a href="/wiki/Acid_rain" title="Acid rain">acid rain</a>, unless special equipment is used to reduce <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide" title="Sulfur dioxide">sulfur dioxide</a> <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">emissions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nelson-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Biles-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Horsley-68">[67]</a> Many Illinois <a href="/wiki/Power_station" title="Power station">power plants</a> are not equipped to burn high-sulfur coal. In 1999, Illinois produced 40.4 million tons of coal, but only 17 million tons (42%) of Illinois coal was consumed in Illinois. Most of the coal produced in Illinois is exported to other states and countries. In 2008, Illinois exported three million tons of coal and was projected to export nine million in 2011, as demand for energy grows in places such as China, India, and elsewhere in Asia and Europe.<a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a> As of 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Illinois&action=edit">[update]</a>, Illinois was ranked third in recoverable coal reserves at producing mines in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-eia.gov-157">[155]</a> Most of the coal produced in Illinois is exported to other states, while much of the coal burned for power in Illinois (21 million tons in 1998) is mined in the <a href="/wiki/Powder_River_Basin" title="Powder River Basin">Powder River Basin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>.<a href="#cite_note-finley-163">[161]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mattoon,_Illinois" title="Mattoon, Illinois">Mattoon</a> was chosen as the site for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Department of Energy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/FutureGen" title="FutureGen">FutureGen</a> project, a 275-megawatt experimental <a href="/wiki/Zero_emission" title="Zero emission">zero emission</a> coal-burning power plant that the DOE just gave a second round of funding. In 2010, after a number of setbacks, the city of Mattoon backed out of the project.<a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Petroleum">Petroleum</h4></div> Illinois is a leading refiner of petroleum in the American <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a>, with a combined crude oil distillation capacity of nearly 900,000 bbl/d (140,000 m3/d). However, Illinois has very limited crude oil proved reserves that account for less than 1% of the U.S. total reserves. Residential heating is 81% natural gas compared to less than 1% <a href="/wiki/Heating_oil" title="Heating oil">heating oil</a>. Illinois is ranked 14th in <a href="/wiki/List_of_oil-producing_states#North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="List of oil-producing states">oil production</a> among states, with a daily output of approximately 28,000 bbl (4,500 m3) in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-EIA_petro-167">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nuclear_power">Nuclear power</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_the_United_States" title="Nuclear power in the United States">Nuclear power in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Byron_Nuclear_Power_Plant,_IL_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Byron_Nuclear_Power_Plant%2C_IL_02.JPG/220px-Byron_Nuclear_Power_Plant%2C_IL_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Byron_Nuclear_Power_Plant%2C_IL_02.JPG/220px-Byron_Nuclear_Power_Plant%2C_IL_02.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Byron_Nuclear_Power_Plant%2C_IL_02.JPG/330px-Byron_Nuclear_Power_Plant%2C_IL_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Byron_Nuclear_Power_Plant%2C_IL_02.JPG/440px-Byron_Nuclear_Power_Plant%2C_IL_02.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Byron_Nuclear_Generating_Station" title="Byron Nuclear Generating Station">Byron Nuclear Generating Station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ogle_County,_Illinois" title="Ogle County, Illinois">Ogle County</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a> arguably began in Illinois with the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Pile-1" title="Chicago Pile-1">Chicago Pile-1</a>, the world's first artificial self-sustaining <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_chain_reaction" title="Nuclear chain reaction">nuclear chain reaction</a> in the world's first <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear reactor technology">nuclear reactor</a>, built on the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> campus. There are six operating <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant" title="Nuclear power plant">nuclear power plants</a> in Illinois: <a href="/wiki/Braidwood_Nuclear_Generating_Station" title="Braidwood Nuclear Generating Station">Braidwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Byron_Nuclear_Generating_Station" title="Byron Nuclear Generating Station">Byron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Nuclear_Generating_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinton Nuclear Generating Station">Clinton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dresden_Nuclear_Power_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Dresden Nuclear Power Plant">Dresden</a>, <a href="/wiki/LaSalle_County_Generating_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="LaSalle County Generating Station">LaSalle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quad_Cities_Nuclear_Generating_Station" title="Quad Cities Nuclear Generating Station">Quad Cities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a> With the exception of the single-unit Clinton plant, each of these facilities has two reactors. Three reactors have been permanently shut down and are in various stages of decommissioning: <a href="/wiki/Dresden-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Dresden-1">Dresden-1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zion_Nuclear_Power_Station" title="Zion Nuclear Power Station">Zion-1 and 2</a>. Illinois ranked first in the nation in 2010 in both nuclear capacity and nuclear generation. Generation from its nuclear power plants accounted for 12 percent of the nation's total.<a href="#cite_note-eia.gov-157">[155]</a> In 2007, 48% of Illinois's electricity was generated using nuclear power.<a href="#cite_note-EIA_glance-170">[168]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Morris_Operation" title="Morris Operation">Morris Operation</a> is the only de facto high-level <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_waste" title="Radioactive waste">radioactive waste</a> storage site in the United States. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wind_power">Wind power</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Illinois" title="Wind power in Illinois">Wind power in Illinois</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Illinois_wind_resource_map_50m_800.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Illinois_wind_resource_map_50m_800.jpg/220px-Illinois_wind_resource_map_50m_800.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="1100"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 285px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Illinois_wind_resource_map_50m_800.jpg/220px-Illinois_wind_resource_map_50m_800.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="285" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Illinois_wind_resource_map_50m_800.jpg/330px-Illinois_wind_resource_map_50m_800.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Illinois_wind_resource_map_50m_800.jpg/440px-Illinois_wind_resource_map_50m_800.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Average annual wind power distribution for Illinois, 50 m (160 ft) height above ground (2009)</figcaption></figure> Illinois has seen growing interest in the use of <a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">wind power</a> for electrical generation.<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a> Most of Illinois was rated in 2009 as "marginal or fair" for wind energy production by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Energy">U.S. Department of Energy</a>, with some western sections rated "good" and parts of the south rated "poor".<a href="#cite_note-172">[170]</a> These ratings are for wind turbines with 50 m (160 ft) hub heights; newer wind turbines are taller, enabling them to reach <a href="/wiki/Wind_profile_power_law" title="Wind profile power law">stronger winds farther from the ground</a>. As a result, more areas of Illinois have become prospective wind farm sites. As of September 2009, Illinois had 1116.06 <a href="/wiki/Megawatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatt">MW</a> of installed wind power <a href="/wiki/Nameplate_capacity" title="Nameplate capacity">nameplate capacity</a> with another 741.9 MW under construction.<a href="#cite_note-awea_projects_illinois-173">[171]</a> Illinois ranked ninth among U.S. states in installed wind power capacity and sixteenth by potential capacity.<a href="#cite_note-awea_projects_illinois-173">[171]</a> Large <a href="/wiki/Wind_farm" title="Wind farm">wind farms</a> in Illinois include <a href="/wiki/Twin_Groves_Wind_Farm" title="Twin Groves Wind Farm">Twin Groves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rail_Splitter_Wind_Farm" title="Rail Splitter Wind Farm">Rail Splitter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acciona_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Acciona Energy">EcoGrove</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mendota_Hills_Wind_Farm" title="Mendota Hills Wind Farm">Mendota Hills</a>.<a href="#cite_note-awea_projects_illinois-173">[171]</a> As of 2007, wind energy represented only 1.7% of Illinois's energy production, and it was estimated that wind power could provide 5–10% of the state's energy needs.<a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a> Also, the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_General_Assembly" title="Illinois General Assembly">Illinois General Assembly</a> mandated in 2007 that by 2025, 25% of all electricity generated in Illinois is to come from <a href="/wiki/Renewable_resource" title="Renewable resource">renewable resources</a>.<a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Biofuels">Biofuels</h4></div> Illinois is ranked second in <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a> production among U.S. states, and Illinois corn is used to produce 40% of the <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a> consumed in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-ilcorn-156">[154]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Archer_Daniels_Midland" title="Archer Daniels Midland">Archer Daniels Midland</a> corporation in <a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Illinois" title="Decatur, Illinois">Decatur, Illinois</a>, is the world's leading producer of ethanol from corn. The National Corn-to-Ethanol Research Center (NCERC), the world's only facility dedicated to researching the ways and means of converting corn (maize) to ethanol is located on the campus of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois_University_Edwardsville" title="Southern Illinois University Edwardsville">Southern Illinois University Edwardsville</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Urbana-Champaign" title="University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign">University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign</a> is one of the partners in the <a href="/wiki/Energy_Biosciences_Institute" title="Energy Biosciences Institute">Energy Biosciences Institute</a> (EBI), a $500 million biofuels research project funded by petroleum giant <a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a>.<a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxes">Taxes</h3></div> Tax is collected by the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Department_of_Revenue" title="Illinois Department of Revenue">Illinois Department of Revenue</a>. State <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income tax</a> is calculated by multiplying <a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">net income</a> by a <a href="/wiki/Flat_fee" class="mw-redirect" title="Flat fee">flat rate</a>. In 1990, that rate was set at 3%, but in 2010, the General Assembly voted for a temporary increase in the rate to 5%; the new rate went into effect on January 1, 2011; the personal income rate partially sunset on January 1, 2015, to 3.75%, while the corporate income tax fell to 5.25%.<a href="#cite_note-181">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[180]</a> Illinois failed to pass a budget from 2015 to 2017, after the 736-day <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Budget_Impasse" title="Illinois Budget Impasse">budget impasse</a>, a budget was passed in Illinois after lawmakers overturned Governor Bruce Rauner's veto; this budget raised the personal income rate to 4.95% and the corporate rate to 7%.<a href="#cite_note-183">[181]</a> There are two rates for state <a href="/wiki/Sales_tax" title="Sales tax">sales tax</a>: 6.25% for general merchandise and 1% for qualifying food, drugs, and medical appliances.<a href="#cite_note-184">[182]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Property_tax" title="Property tax">property tax</a> is a major source of tax revenue for local government taxing districts. The property tax is a local—not state—tax imposed by local government taxing districts, which include counties, <a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">townships</a>, municipalities, <a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">school districts</a>, and special taxation districts. The property tax in Illinois is imposed only on <a href="/wiki/Real_property" title="Real property">real property</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nelson-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Biles-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Horsley-68">[67]</a> On May 1, 2019, the Illinois Senate voted to approve a <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Fair_Tax" title="Illinois Fair Tax">constitutional amendment</a> that would have stricken language from the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Illinois" title="Constitution of Illinois">Illinois Constitution</a> requiring a flat state income tax, in a 73–44 vote. If approved, the amendment would have allowed the state legislature to impose a graduated income tax based on annual income. The governor, <a href="/wiki/J._B._Pritzker" title="J. B. Pritzker">J. B. Pritzker</a>, approved the bill on May 27, 2019. It was scheduled for a 2020 general election ballot vote<a href="#cite_note-1:a-185">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-1:b-186">[184]</a> and required 60 percent voter approval to effectively amend the state constitution.<a href="#cite_note-1:d-187">[185]</a> The amendment was not approved by Illinoisans, with 55.1% of voters voting "No" on approval and 44.9% voting "Yes".<a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a> As of 2017 Chicago had the highest state and local sales tax rate for a U.S. city with a populations above 200,000, at 10.250%.<a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a> The state of Illinois has the second highest rate of real estate tax: 2.31%, which is second only to New Jersey at 2.44%.<a href="#cite_note-190">[188]</a> <a href="/wiki/Toll_road" title="Toll road">Toll roads</a> are a de facto user tax on the citizens and visitors to the state of Illinois. Illinois ranks seventh out of the 11 states with the most miles of toll roads, at 282.1 miles. Chicago ranks fourth in most expensive toll roads in America by the mile, with the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Skyway" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago Skyway">Chicago Skyway</a> charging 51.2 cents per mile.<a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a> Illinois also has the 11th highest gasoline tax by state, at 37.5 cents per gallon.<a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Illinois" title="List of museums in Illinois">List of museums in Illinois</a>.</div> Illinois has numerous museums; the greatest concentration of these are in Chicago. Several museums in Chicago are ranked as some of the best in the world. These include the <a href="/wiki/Shedd_Aquarium" title="Shedd Aquarium">John G. Shedd Aquarium</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Field_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Field Museum of Natural History">Field Museum of Natural History</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago" title="Art Institute of Chicago">Art Institute of Chicago</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Adler_Planetarium" title="Adler Planetarium">Adler Planetarium</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Science_and_Industry_(Chicago)" title="Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago)">Museum of Science and Industry</a>. The modern <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum">Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum</a> in Springfield is the largest and most attended <a href="/wiki/Presidential_library_system" title="Presidential library system">presidential library</a> in the country. The Illinois State Museum boasts a collection of 13.5 million objects that tell the story of Illinois life, land, people, and art. The ISM is among only 5% of the nation's museums that are accredited by the American Alliance of Museums. Other historical museums in the state include the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Museum_of_America" title="Polish Museum of America">Polish Museum of America</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>; <a href="/wiki/Magnolia_Manor_(Cairo,_Illinois)" title="Magnolia Manor (Cairo, Illinois)">Magnolia Manor</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cairo,_Illinois" title="Cairo, Illinois">Cairo</a>; <a href="/wiki/Easley_Pioneer_Museum" title="Easley Pioneer Museum">Easley Pioneer Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ipava,_Illinois" title="Ipava, Illinois">Ipava</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Benjamin_Washburne_House" title="Elihu Benjamin Washburne House">Elihu Benjamin Washburne</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant_Home" title="Ulysses S. Grant Home">Ulysses S. Grant Homes</a>, both in <a href="/wiki/Galena,_Illinois" title="Galena, Illinois">Galena</a>; and the Chanute Air Museum, located on the former Chanute Air Force Base in Rantoul. The Chicago metropolitan area also hosts two zoos: The <a href="/wiki/Brookfield_Zoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Brookfield Zoo">Brookfield Zoo</a>, located about ten miles west of the city center in suburban <a href="/wiki/Brookfield,_Illinois" title="Brookfield, Illinois">Brookfield</a>, contains more than 2,300 animals and covers 216 acres (87 ha). The <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Park_Zoo" title="Lincoln Park Zoo">Lincoln Park Zoo</a> is located in <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Park" title="Lincoln Park">Lincoln Park</a> on Chicago's North Side, approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) north of the <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Chicago" class="mw-redirect" title="Downtown Chicago">Loop</a>. The zoo accounts for more than 35 acres (14 ha) of the park. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Illinois Museums</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 123.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Vandalia-Courthouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vandalia State House State Historic Site in Vandalia"><noscript><img alt="Vandalia State House State Historic Site in Vandalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Vandalia-Courthouse.jpg/185px-Vandalia-Courthouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1808" data-file-height="1468"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 124px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Vandalia-Courthouse.jpg/185px-Vandalia-Courthouse.jpg" data-alt="Vandalia State House State Historic Site in Vandalia" data-width="124" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Vandalia-Courthouse.jpg/277px-Vandalia-Courthouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Vandalia-Courthouse.jpg/370px-Vandalia-Courthouse.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Vandalia_State_House_State_Historic_Site" title="Vandalia State House State Historic Site">Vandalia State House State Historic Site</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vandalia,_Illinois" title="Vandalia, Illinois">Vandalia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_of_Science_and_Industry_(Chicago).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago"><noscript><img alt="The Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Museum_of_Science_and_Industry_%28Chicago%29.jpg/213px-Museum_of_Science_and_Industry_%28Chicago%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2397" data-file-height="1687"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 142px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Museum_of_Science_and_Industry_%28Chicago%29.jpg/213px-Museum_of_Science_and_Industry_%28Chicago%29.jpg" data-alt="The Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago" data-width="142" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Museum_of_Science_and_Industry_%28Chicago%29.jpg/320px-Museum_of_Science_and_Industry_%28Chicago%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Museum_of_Science_and_Industry_%28Chicago%29.jpg/426px-Museum_of_Science_and_Industry_%28Chicago%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Science_and_Industry_(Chicago)" title="Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago)">Museum of Science and Industry</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Magnolia_Manor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Magnolia Manor is a Victorian period historic house museum in Cairo."><noscript><img alt="Magnolia Manor is a Victorian period historic house museum in Cairo." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Magnolia_Manor.jpg/225px-Magnolia_Manor.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3680" data-file-height="2456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Magnolia_Manor.jpg/225px-Magnolia_Manor.jpg" data-alt="Magnolia Manor is a Victorian period historic house museum in Cairo." data-width="150" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Magnolia_Manor.jpg/337px-Magnolia_Manor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Magnolia_Manor.jpg/450px-Magnolia_Manor.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Magnolia_Manor_(Cairo,_Illinois)" title="Magnolia Manor (Cairo, Illinois)">Magnolia Manor</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Victorian_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Victorian period">Victorian period</a> <a href="/wiki/Historic_house_museum" title="Historic house museum">historic house museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cairo,_Illinois" title="Cairo, Illinois">Cairo</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln_Home_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lincoln Home National Historic Site in Springfield"><noscript><img alt="Lincoln Home National Historic Site in Springfield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Lincoln_Home_1.jpg/225px-Lincoln_Home_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Lincoln_Home_1.jpg/225px-Lincoln_Home_1.jpg" data-alt="Lincoln Home National Historic Site in Springfield" data-width="150" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Lincoln_Home_1.jpg/338px-Lincoln_Home_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Lincoln_Home_1.jpg/450px-Lincoln_Home_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Home_National_Historic_Site" title="Lincoln Home National Historic Site">Lincoln Home National Historic Site</a> in <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:20070822_Polish_Museum.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Polish Museum of America in Chicago"><noscript><img alt="The Polish Museum of America in Chicago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/20070822_Polish_Museum.JPG/200px-20070822_Polish_Museum.JPG" decoding="async" width="134" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 134px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/20070822_Polish_Museum.JPG/200px-20070822_Polish_Museum.JPG" data-alt="The Polish Museum of America in Chicago" data-width="134" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/20070822_Polish_Museum.JPG/300px-20070822_Polish_Museum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/20070822_Polish_Museum.JPG/400px-20070822_Polish_Museum.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Polish_Museum_of_America" title="Polish Museum of America">Polish Museum of America</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:CBQ_1926_20050716_Illinois_Railway_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Railway Post Office preserved at the Illinois Railway Museum in Union"><noscript><img alt="A Railway Post Office preserved at the Illinois Railway Museum in Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/CBQ_1926_20050716_Illinois_Railway_Museum.jpg/200px-CBQ_1926_20050716_Illinois_Railway_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 134px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/CBQ_1926_20050716_Illinois_Railway_Museum.jpg/200px-CBQ_1926_20050716_Illinois_Railway_Museum.jpg" data-alt="A Railway Post Office preserved at the Illinois Railway Museum in Union" data-width="134" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/CBQ_1926_20050716_Illinois_Railway_Museum.jpg/300px-CBQ_1926_20050716_Illinois_Railway_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/CBQ_1926_20050716_Illinois_Railway_Museum.jpg/400px-CBQ_1926_20050716_Illinois_Railway_Museum.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Railway_Post_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway Post Office">Railway Post Office</a> preserved at the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Railway_Museum" title="Illinois Railway Museum">Illinois Railway Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Union,_Illinois" title="Union, Illinois">Union</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Illinois" title="Music of Illinois">Music of Illinois</a></div> Illinois is a leader in music education, having hosted the <a href="/wiki/Midwest_Clinic" title="Midwest Clinic">Midwest Clinic International Band and Orchestra Conference</a> since 1946, as well being home to the Illinois Music Educators Association (ILMEA, formerly IMEA), one of the largest professional music educator's organizations in the country. Each summer since 2004, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois_University_Carbondale" title="Southern Illinois University Carbondale">Southern Illinois University Carbondale</a> has played host to the Southern Illinois Music Festival, which presents dozens of performances throughout the region. Past featured artists include the <a href="/wiki/Eroica_Trio" title="Eroica Trio">Eroica Trio</a> and violinist <a href="/wiki/David_Kim_(violinist)" title="David Kim (violinist)">David Kim</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, in the northeast corner of the state, is a <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chicago" title="Music of Chicago">major center for music</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">midwestern United States</a> where distinctive forms of blues (greatly responsible for the future creation of <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a>), and <a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">house music</a>, a genre of electronic dance music, were developed. The <a href="/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Great Migration (African American)">Great Migration</a> of poor black workers from the South into the industrial cities brought traditional <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blues_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Blues music">blues music</a> to the city, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Chicago_blues" title="Chicago blues">Chicago blues</a> and "Chicago-style" <a href="/wiki/Dixieland" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixieland">Dixieland</a> <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>. Notable blues artists included <a href="/wiki/Muddy_Waters" title="Muddy Waters">Muddy Waters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Junior_Wells" title="Junior Wells">Junior Wells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Howlin' Wolf">Howlin' Wolf</a> and both <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Boy_Williamson_II" title="Sonny Boy Williamson II">Sonny Boy Williamsons</a>; jazz greats included <a href="/wiki/Nat_King_Cole" title="Nat King Cole">Nat King Cole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gene_Ammons" title="Gene Ammons">Gene Ammons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bud_Freeman" title="Bud Freeman">Bud Freeman</a>. Chicago is also well known for its <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul music</a>. In the early 1930s, <a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">Gospel music</a> began to gain popularity in Chicago due to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Dorsey" title="Thomas A. Dorsey">Thomas A. Dorsey</a>'s contributions at <a href="/wiki/Pilgrim_Baptist_Church" title="Pilgrim Baptist Church">Pilgrim Baptist Church</a>. In the 1980s and 1990s, <a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">heavy rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a> also became popular in Chicago. <a href="/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra">Orchestras</a> in Chicago include the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Chicago Symphony Orchestra">Chicago Symphony Orchestra</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lyric_Opera_of_Chicago" title="Lyric Opera of Chicago">Lyric Opera of Chicago</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Sinfonietta" title="Chicago Sinfonietta">Chicago Sinfonietta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Movies">Movies</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/John_Hughes_(filmmaker)" title="John Hughes (filmmaker)">John Hughes</a>, who moved from <a href="/wiki/Grosse_Pointe,_Michigan" title="Grosse Pointe, Michigan">Grosse Pointe</a> to <a href="/wiki/Northbrook,_Illinois" title="Northbrook, Illinois">Northbrook</a>, based many films of his in <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago</a>, and its suburbs. <a href="/wiki/Ferris_Bueller%27s_Day_Off" title="Ferris Bueller's Day Off">Ferris Bueller's Day Off</a>, <a href="/wiki/Home_Alone" title="Home Alone">Home Alone</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Breakfast_Club" title="The Breakfast Club">The Breakfast Club</a>, and all his films take place in the fictional Shermer, Illinois (the original name of Northbrook was Shermerville, and Hughes's High School, <a href="/wiki/Glenbrook_North_High_School" title="Glenbrook North High School">Glenbrook North High School</a>, is on Shermer Road). Most locations in his films include Glenbrook North, the former <a href="/wiki/Maine_North_High_School" title="Maine North High School">Maine North High School</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ben_Rose_House" title="Ben Rose House">Ben Rose House</a> in Highland Park, and the famous Home Alone house in <a href="/wiki/Winnetka,_Illinois" title="Winnetka, Illinois">Winnetka, Illinois</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recreation">Recreation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Illinois" title="List of protected areas of Illinois">List of protected areas of Illinois</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Garden_of_the_Gods_Sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Garden_of_the_Gods_Sunset.jpg/220px-Garden_of_the_Gods_Sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Garden_of_the_Gods_Sunset.jpg/220px-Garden_of_the_Gods_Sunset.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Garden_of_the_Gods_Sunset.jpg/330px-Garden_of_the_Gods_Sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Garden_of_the_Gods_Sunset.jpg/440px-Garden_of_the_Gods_Sunset.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Sunset on the <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_the_Gods_Wilderness" title="Garden of the Gods Wilderness">Garden of the Gods Wilderness</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Shawnee_National_Forest" title="Shawnee National Forest">Shawnee National Forest</a> in southern Illinois.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Illinois_state_parks" title="Illinois state parks">Illinois state parks</a> system began in 1908 with what is now <a href="/wiki/Fort_Massac" title="Fort Massac">Fort Massac</a> State Park, becoming the first park in a system encompassing more than 60 parks and about the same number of recreational and wildlife areas. Areas under the protection of the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> include: the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_and_Michigan_Canal" title="Illinois and Michigan Canal">Illinois and Michigan Canal National Heritage Corridor</a> near <a href="/wiki/Lockport,_Illinois" title="Lockport, Illinois">Lockport</a>,<a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_National_Historic_Trail" title="Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail">Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Home_National_Historic_Site" title="Lincoln Home National Historic Site">Lincoln Home National Historic Site</a> in Springfield, the <a href="/wiki/Mormon_Trail" title="Mormon Trail">Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Trail_of_Tears" title="Trail of Tears">Trail of Tears National Historic Trail</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American_Discovery_Trail" title="American Discovery Trail">American Discovery Trail</a>,<a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Pullman_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Pullman National Monument">Pullman National Monument</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_Philadelphia_Town_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="New Philadelphia Town Site">New Philadelphia Town Site</a>. The federal government also manages the <a href="/wiki/Shawnee_National_Forest" title="Shawnee National Forest">Shawnee National Forest</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Midewin_National_Tallgrass_Prairie" title="Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie">Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_professional_sports_teams_in_Illinois" title="List of professional sports teams in Illinois">List of professional sports teams in Illinois</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soldier_field_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Soldier_field_2006.jpg/220px-Soldier_field_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Soldier_field_2006.jpg/220px-Soldier_field_2006.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Soldier_field_2006.jpg/330px-Soldier_field_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Soldier_field_2006.jpg/440px-Soldier_field_2006.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Soldier_Field" title="Soldier Field">Soldier Field</a> is home to the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Bears" title="Chicago Bears">Chicago Bears</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wrigley_field_720.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Wrigley_field_720.jpg/220px-Wrigley_field_720.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="475"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 145px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Wrigley_field_720.jpg/220px-Wrigley_field_720.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Wrigley_field_720.jpg/330px-Wrigley_field_720.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Wrigley_field_720.jpg/440px-Wrigley_field_720.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wrigley_Field" title="Wrigley Field">Wrigley Field</a> is home to <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cubs" title="Chicago Cubs">Chicago Cubs</a></figcaption></figure> As one of the United States' major metropolises, all <a href="/wiki/Major_professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada">major sports leagues</a> have teams headquartered in Chicago. Two <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> teams are located in the state. The <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cubs" title="Chicago Cubs">Chicago Cubs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_League_(baseball)" title="National League (baseball)">National League</a> play in the second-oldest major league stadium, <a href="/wiki/Wrigley_Field" title="Wrigley Field">Wrigley Field</a>, and went the longest length of time without a championship in all of major American sport, from 1908 to 2016, when they won the <a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a>.<a href="#cite_note-197">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[196]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Chicago_White_Sox" title="Chicago White Sox">Chicago White Sox</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League">American League</a> won the <a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a> in 2005, their first since 1917. They play on the city's south side at <a href="/wiki/Guaranteed_Rate_Field" title="Guaranteed Rate Field">Guaranteed Rate Field</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Bears" title="Chicago Bears">Chicago Bears</a> football team has won nine total <a href="/wiki/List_of_NFL_champions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of NFL champions">NFL Championships</a>, the last occurring in <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XX" title="Super Bowl XX">Super Bowl XX</a> on January 26, 1986. The <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Bulls" title="Chicago Bulls">Chicago Bulls</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">NBA</a> is one of the most recognized <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball teams</a> in the world, largely as a result of the efforts of <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jordan" title="Michael Jordan">Michael Jordan</a>, who led the team to six NBA championships in eight seasons in the 1990s. The <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks" title="Chicago Blackhawks">Chicago Blackhawks</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">NHL</a> began playing in <a href="/wiki/1926%E2%80%9327_NHL_season" title="1926–27 NHL season">1926</a> and became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Original_Six" title="Original Six">Original Six</a> once the NHL dropped to that number of teams during World War II. The Blackhawks have won six <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cup" title="Stanley Cup">Stanley Cups</a>, most recently in <a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_NHL_season" title="2014–15 NHL season">2015</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Fire_FC" title="Chicago Fire FC">Chicago Fire FC</a> is a member of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">MLS</a> and has been one of the league's most successful and best-supported clubs since its founding in 1997, winning one league and four <a href="/wiki/Lamar_Hunt_U.S._Open_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup">Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cups</a> in that timespan. The team played in <a href="/wiki/Bridgeview,_Illinois" title="Bridgeview, Illinois">Bridgeview</a>, adjacent to Chicago from 2006 to 2019. The team now plays at Soldier Field in Chicago. The <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Red_Stars" title="Chicago Red Stars">Chicago Red Stars</a> have played at the top level of U.S. women's soccer since their formation in 2009, except in the 2011 season. The team currently plays in the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Soccer_League" title="National Women's Soccer League">National Women's Soccer League</a>, playing at <a href="/wiki/SeatGeek_Stadium" title="SeatGeek Stadium">SeatGeek Stadium</a>, the Bridgeview venue it formerly shared with Fire FC. The <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Sky" title="Chicago Sky">Chicago Sky</a> have played in the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Basketball_Association" title="Women's National Basketball Association">Women's National Basketball Association</a> (WNBA) since 2006. The Sky won their first WNBA Championship in 2021. They play at <a href="/wiki/Wintrust_Arena" title="Wintrust Arena">Wintrust Arena</a> in Chicago. The <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Bandits" title="Chicago Bandits">Chicago Bandits</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Pro_Fastpitch" title="National Pro Fastpitch">NPF</a>, a women's softball league, have won four league titles, most recently in 2016. They play at <a href="/wiki/Parkway_Bank_Sports_Complex" title="Parkway Bank Sports Complex">Parkway Bank Sports Complex</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rosemont,_Illinois" title="Rosemont, Illinois">Rosemont, Illinois</a>, in the Chicago area. Many <a href="/wiki/Minor_league" title="Minor league">minor league</a> teams also call Illinois their home. They include the <a href="/wiki/Bloomington_Edge" title="Bloomington Edge">Bloomington Edge</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indoor_Football_League" title="Indoor Football League">Indoor Football League</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloomington_Flex" title="Bloomington Flex">Bloomington Flex</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Midwest_Professional_Basketball_Association" title="Midwest Professional Basketball Association">Midwest Professional Basketball Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Dogs" title="Chicago Dogs">Chicago Dogs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Professional_Baseball" title="American Association of Professional Baseball">American Association of Professional Baseball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Fire_FC_II" title="Chicago Fire FC II">Chicago Fire FC II</a> of <a href="/wiki/MLS_Next_Pro" title="MLS Next Pro">MLS Next Pro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Wolves" title="Chicago Wolves">Chicago Wolves</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Hockey_League" title="American Hockey League">American Hockey League</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gateway_Grizzlies" title="Gateway Grizzlies">Gateway Grizzlies</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Frontier_League" title="Frontier League">Frontier League</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kane_County_Cougars" title="Kane County Cougars">Kane County Cougars</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Professional_Baseball" title="American Association of Professional Baseball">American Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joliet_Slammers" title="Joliet Slammers">Joliet Slammers</a> of the Frontier League, <a href="/wiki/Peoria_Chiefs" title="Peoria Chiefs">Peoria Chiefs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Midwest_League" title="Midwest League">Midwest League</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peoria_Rivermen_(SPHL)" title="Peoria Rivermen (SPHL)">Peoria Rivermen</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Professional_Hockey_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Professional Hockey League">SPHL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rockford_Aviators" title="Rockford Aviators">Rockford Aviators</a> of the Frontier League, <a href="/wiki/Rockford_IceHogs" title="Rockford IceHogs">Rockford IceHogs</a> of the AHL, <a href="/wiki/Schaumburg_Boomers" title="Schaumburg Boomers">Schaumburg Boomers</a> of the Frontier League, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois_Miners" title="Southern Illinois Miners">Southern Illinois Miners</a> in the Frontier League, <a href="/wiki/Windy_City_Bulls" title="Windy City Bulls">Windy City Bulls</a> of the <a href="/wiki/NBA_G_League" title="NBA G League">NBA G League</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Windy_City_ThunderBolts" title="Windy City ThunderBolts">Windy City ThunderBolts</a> of the Frontier League. The state features 13 athletic programs that compete in <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I" title="NCAA Division I">NCAA Division I</a>, the highest level of U.S. college sports. The two most prominent are the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Fighting_Illini" title="Illinois Fighting Illini">Illinois Fighting Illini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Wildcats" title="Northwestern Wildcats">Northwestern Wildcats</a>, both members of the <a href="/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference" title="Big Ten Conference">Big Ten Conference</a> and the only ones competing in the "<a href="/wiki/Power_Five_conferences" class="mw-redirect" title="Power Five conferences">Power Five conferences</a>". The Fighting Illini football team has won five national championships and three <a href="/wiki/Rose_Bowl_Game" title="Rose Bowl Game">Rose Bowl Games</a>, whereas the men's basketball team has won 17 conference seasons and played five Final Fours. Meanwhile, the Wildcats have won eight football conference championships and one Rose Bowl Game. The <a href="/wiki/Northern_Illinois_Huskies" title="Northern Illinois Huskies">Northern Illinois Huskies</a> compete in the <a href="/wiki/Mid-American_Conference" title="Mid-American Conference">Mid-American Conference</a>, having won four conference championships and earning a bid in the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Bowl" title="Orange Bowl">Orange Bowl</a>. Four schools have football programs that compete in the second level of Division I football, the <a href="/wiki/Football_Championship_Subdivision" class="mw-redirect" title="Football Championship Subdivision">Football Championship Subdivision</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Illinois_State_Redbirds" title="Illinois State Redbirds">Illinois State Redbirds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois_Salukis" title="Southern Illinois Salukis">Southern Illinois Salukis</a> are members of the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Valley_Conference" title="Missouri Valley Conference">Missouri Valley Conference</a> for non-football sports and the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Valley_Football_Conference" title="Missouri Valley Football Conference">Missouri Valley Football Conference</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Illinois_Panthers" title="Eastern Illinois Panthers">Eastern Illinois Panthers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Illinois_Leathernecks" title="Western Illinois Leathernecks">Western Illinois Leathernecks</a> are members of the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Valley_Conference" title="Ohio Valley Conference">Ohio Valley Conference</a>. The city of Chicago is home to four Division I programs that do not sponsor football: the <a href="/wiki/DePaul_Blue_Demons" title="DePaul Blue Demons">DePaul Blue Demons</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Big_East_Conference" title="Big East Conference">Big East Conference</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loyola_Ramblers" title="Loyola Ramblers">Loyola Ramblers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_10_Conference" title="Atlantic 10 Conference">Atlantic 10 Conference</a>, <a href="/wiki/UIC_Flames" title="UIC Flames">UIC Flames</a> of the Missouri Valley Conference, and <a href="/wiki/Chicago_State_Cougars" title="Chicago State Cougars">Chicago State Cougars</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Conference" title="Northeast Conference">Northeast Conference</a>. Finally, two non-football Division I programs are located downstate. The <a href="/wiki/Bradley_Braves" title="Bradley Braves">Bradley Braves</a> are Missouri Valley Conference members, and the <a href="/wiki/SIU_Edwardsville_Cougars" title="SIU Edwardsville Cougars">SIU Edwardsville Cougars</a> compete in the Ohio Valley Conference. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nascar_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nascar_1.jpg/220px-Nascar_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7407" data-file-height="4938"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nascar_1.jpg/220px-Nascar_1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nascar_1.jpg/330px-Nascar_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nascar_1.jpg/440px-Nascar_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The inaugural <a href="/wiki/Enjoy_Illinois_300" title="Enjoy Illinois 300">Enjoy Illinois 300</a> at <a href="/wiki/Gateway_Motorsports_Park" title="Gateway Motorsports Park">Gateway Motorsports Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Illinois" title="Madison, Illinois">Madison</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Motor_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor racing">Motor racing</a> oval tracks at the <a href="/wiki/Chicagoland_Speedway" title="Chicagoland Speedway">Chicagoland Speedway</a> in <a href="/wiki/Joliet,_Illinois" title="Joliet, Illinois">Joliet</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Motor_Speedway" title="Chicago Motor Speedway">Chicago Motor Speedway</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cicero,_Illinois" title="Cicero, Illinois">Cicero</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gateway_Motorsports_Park" title="Gateway Motorsports Park">Gateway Motorsports Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Illinois" title="Madison, Illinois">Madison</a>, near St. Louis, have hosted <a href="/wiki/NASCAR" title="NASCAR">NASCAR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Champ_Car" class="mw-redirect" title="Champ Car">CART</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Indy_Racing_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Indy Racing League">IRL</a> races, whereas the <a href="/wiki/Sports_Car_Club_of_America" title="Sports Car Club of America">Sports Car Club of America</a>, among other national and regional <a href="/wiki/Road_racing" title="Road racing">road racing</a> clubs, have visited the <a href="/wiki/Autobahn_Country_Club" title="Autobahn Country Club">Autobahn Country Club</a> in Joliet, the <a href="/wiki/Blackhawk_Farms_Raceway" title="Blackhawk Farms Raceway">Blackhawk Farms Raceway</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Beloit,_Illinois" title="South Beloit, Illinois">South Beloit</a> and the former <a href="/wiki/Meadowdale_International_Raceway" title="Meadowdale International Raceway">Meadowdale International Raceway</a> in <a href="/wiki/Carpentersville,_Illinois" title="Carpentersville, Illinois">Carpentersville</a>. Illinois also has several <a href="/wiki/Short_track_motor_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Short track motor racing">short tracks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dragstrip" title="Dragstrip">dragstrips</a>. The dragstrip at Gateway International Raceway and the <a href="/wiki/Route_66_Raceway" title="Route 66 Raceway">Route 66 Raceway</a>, which sits on the same property as the Chicagoland Speedway, both host <a href="/wiki/NHRA" class="mw-redirect" title="NHRA">NHRA</a> drag races. Illinois features several golf courses, such as <a href="/wiki/Olympia_Fields_Country_Club" title="Olympia Fields Country Club">Olympia Fields</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medinah_Country_Club" title="Medinah Country Club">Medinah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midlothian_Country_Club" title="Midlothian Country Club">Midlothian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cog_Hill_Golf_%26_Country_Club" title="Cog Hill Golf & Country Club">Cog Hill</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Conway_Farms_Golf_Club" title="Conway Farms Golf Club">Conway Farms</a>, which have often hosted the <a href="/wiki/BMW_Championship_(PGA_Tour)" title="BMW Championship (PGA Tour)">BMW Championship</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Open" title="Western Open">Western Open</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Western_Open" title="Women's Western Open">Women's Western Open</a>. Also, the state has hosted 13 editions of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Open_(golf)" title="U.S. Open (golf)">U.S. Open</a> (latest at Olympia Fields in 2003), six editions of the <a href="/wiki/PGA_Championship" title="PGA Championship">PGA Championship</a> (latest at Medinah in 2006), three editions of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Women%27s_Open" title="U.S. Women's Open">U.S. Women's Open</a> (latest at The Merit Club), the <a href="/wiki/2009_Solheim_Cup" title="2009 Solheim Cup">2009 Solheim Cup</a> (at Rich Harvest Farms), and the <a href="/wiki/2012_Ryder_Cup" title="2012 Ryder Cup">2012 Ryder Cup</a> (at Medinah). The <a href="/wiki/John_Deere_Classic" title="John Deere Classic">John Deere Classic</a> is a regular <a href="/wiki/PGA_Tour" title="PGA Tour">PGA Tour</a> event played in the Quad Cities since 1971, whereas the <a href="/wiki/Encompass_Championship" title="Encompass Championship">Encompass Championship</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Champions_Tour" class="mw-redirect" title="Champions Tour">Champions Tour</a> event since 2013. Previously, the <a href="/wiki/LPGA_State_Farm_Classic" title="LPGA State Farm Classic">LPGA State Farm Classic</a> was an <a href="/wiki/LPGA_Tour" class="mw-redirect" title="LPGA Tour">LPGA Tour</a> event from 1976 to 2011. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Law_and_politics">Law and politics</h2></div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Illinois" title="Law of Illinois">Law of Illinois</a> and <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Illinois" title="Politics of Illinois">Politics of Illinois</a></div> In a 2020 study, Illinois was ranked as the 4th easiest state for citizens to vote in.<a href="#cite_note-199">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_government">State government</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Illinois" title="Government of Illinois">Government of Illinois</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gfp-illinois-springfield-capitol-and-sky.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gfp-illinois-springfield-capitol-and-sky.jpg/220px-Gfp-illinois-springfield-capitol-and-sky.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1667"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gfp-illinois-springfield-capitol-and-sky.jpg/220px-Gfp-illinois-springfield-capitol-and-sky.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gfp-illinois-springfield-capitol-and-sky.jpg/330px-Gfp-illinois-springfield-capitol-and-sky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Gfp-illinois-springfield-capitol-and-sky.jpg/440px-Gfp-illinois-springfield-capitol-and-sky.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Illinois_State_Capitol" title="Illinois State Capitol">Illinois State Capitol</a> in <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Illinois" title="Government of Illinois">government of Illinois</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Illinois" title="Constitution of Illinois">Constitution of Illinois</a>, has three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch is split into several statewide elected offices, with the governor as chief executive. Legislative functions are granted to the Illinois General Assembly. The judiciary is composed of the Supreme Court and lower courts. The executive branch is composed of six elected officers and their offices as well as numerous other departments.<a href="#cite_note-Lind2012ch5-200">[198]</a> The six elected officers are:<a href="#cite_note-Lind2012ch5-200">[198]</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Illinois" title="Governor of Illinois">Governor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Illinois" title="Lieutenant Governor of Illinois">Lieutenant Governor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Attorney_General" title="Illinois Attorney General">Attorney General</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Secretary_of_State" title="Illinois Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Comptroller" title="Illinois Comptroller">Comptroller</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Treasurer" title="Illinois Treasurer">Treasurer</a>. The government of Illinois has numerous departments, agencies, boards and commissions, but the so-called code departments provide most of the state's services.<a href="#cite_note-Lind2012ch5-200">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Illinois_House_of_Representatives.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Illinois_House_of_Representatives.jpg/220px-Illinois_House_of_Representatives.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Illinois_House_of_Representatives.jpg/220px-Illinois_House_of_Representatives.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Illinois_House_of_Representatives.jpg/330px-Illinois_House_of_Representatives.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Illinois_House_of_Representatives.jpg/440px-Illinois_House_of_Representatives.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Illinois_House_of_Representatives" title="Illinois House of Representatives">Illinois House of Representatives</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Illinois_General_Assembly" title="Illinois General Assembly">Illinois General Assembly</a> is the state legislature, composed of the 118-member <a href="/wiki/Illinois_House_of_Representatives" title="Illinois House of Representatives">Illinois House of Representatives</a> and the 59-member <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate" title="Illinois Senate">Illinois Senate</a>. The members of the General Assembly are elected at the beginning of each even-numbered year. The <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Compiled_Statutes" title="Illinois Compiled Statutes">Illinois Compiled Statutes</a> (ILCS) are the <a href="/wiki/Codification_(law)" title="Codification (law)">codified</a> statutes of a general and permanent nature.<a href="#cite_note-survey-202">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-tapping-203">[201]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Illinois" title="Judiciary of Illinois">Judiciary of Illinois</a> is the unified court system of Illinois. It consists of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Illinois" title="Supreme Court of Illinois">Supreme Court</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Appellate_Court" title="Illinois Appellate Court">Appellate Court</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Circuit_Courts" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Circuit Courts">Circuit Courts</a>. The Supreme Court oversees the administration of the court system. The <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Illinois" title="Administrative divisions of Illinois">administrative divisions of Illinois</a> are counties, townships, precincts, cities, towns, villages, and special-purpose districts.<a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a> The basic subdivision of Illinois are the 102 counties.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECensus200789-205">[203]</a> Eighty-five of the 102 counties are in turn divided into townships and precincts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECensus200789-205">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a> Municipal governments are the cities, villages, and incorporated towns.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECensus200789-205">[203]</a> Some localities possess <a href="/wiki/Home_rule" title="Home rule">home rule</a>, which allows them to govern themselves to a certain extent.<a href="#cite_note-207">[205]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Party_balance">Party balance</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Governor_JB_Pritzker_official_portrait_2019_(crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Governor_JB_Pritzker_official_portrait_2019_%28crop%29.jpg/170px-Governor_JB_Pritzker_official_portrait_2019_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="221" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 221px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Governor_JB_Pritzker_official_portrait_2019_%28crop%29.jpg/170px-Governor_JB_Pritzker_official_portrait_2019_%28crop%29.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="221" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Governor_JB_Pritzker_official_portrait_2019_%28crop%29.jpg/255px-Governor_JB_Pritzker_official_portrait_2019_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Governor_JB_Pritzker_official_portrait_2019_%28crop%29.jpg/340px-Governor_JB_Pritzker_official_portrait_2019_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Governor <a href="/wiki/J._B._Pritzker" title="J. B. Pritzker">J. B. Pritzker</a> (D)</figcaption></figure> In modern national and state politics, Illinois is a <a href="/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">Democratic stronghold</a>.<a href="#cite_note-208">[206]</a> Historically, Illinois was a political <a href="/wiki/Swing_state" title="Swing state">swing state</a>, with near-parity existing between the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> parties. However, in recent elections, the Democratic Party has gained ground, and Illinois has come to be seen as a solid <a href="/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">"blue" state</a> in both presidential and congressional campaigns.<a href="#cite_note-209">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[208]</a> Illinois's Democratic tendencies are mostly attributable to <a href="/wiki/Cook_County,_Illinois" title="Cook County, Illinois">Cook County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, by far the state's largest county and city, respectively, which have long been strongly Democratic. The <a href="/wiki/Collar_counties" title="Collar counties">collar counties</a>, affluent suburban counties that surround Cook County, were ancestrally Republican and helped keep the state competitive; however, they have swung toward the left in recent elections as the national Republican Party has become increasingly conservative, which has cemented Democratic dominance in state politics.<a href="#cite_note-211">[209]</a> <a href="/wiki/Downstate_Illinois" title="Downstate Illinois">Outside of the Chicago metropolitan area</a>, the state's rural areas are heavily Republican. The dominance of the Chicago area in state elections is so overwhelming that it has influenced a <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_partition_proposals_in_the_United_States#Illinois" title="List of state partition proposals in the United States">secessionist movement</a> in the downstate region.<a href="#cite_note-212">[210]</a> Illinois was long seen as a national bellwether,<a href="#cite_note-213">[211]</a> supporting the winner in every election in the 20th century, except for <a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election_in_Illinois" title="1916 United States presidential election in Illinois">1916</a> and <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_Illinois" title="1976 United States presidential election in Illinois">1976</a>. Since the <a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992 election</a>, however, Illinois has trended more toward the Democratic Party and is part of the "<a href="/wiki/Blue_wall_(U.S._politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue wall (U.S. politics)">blue wall</a>" of states that have consistently voted Democratic in the last six presidential elections. In <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Illinois" title="2000 United States presidential election in Illinois">2000</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> became the first Republican to win the presidency without carrying either Illinois or <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> repeating the feat in 2016. Illinois has not elected a Republican to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> since <a href="/wiki/Mark_Kirk" title="Mark Kirk">Mark Kirk</a> won in <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Senate_elections_in_Illinois" title="2010 United States Senate elections in Illinois">2010</a>; the last Republicans to hold statewide office were Governor <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Rauner" title="Bruce Rauner">Bruce Rauner</a> and Lieutenant Governor <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Sanguinetti" title="Evelyn Sanguinetti">Evelyn Sanguinetti</a>, who both left office in 2019. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_of_corruption">History of corruption</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_corruption_in_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Political corruption in Illinois">Political corruption in Illinois</a></div> Politics in the state have been infamous for highly visible corruption cases, as well as for crusading reformers, such as governors <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_R._Thompson" class="mw-redirect" title="James R. Thompson">James R. Thompson</a>. In 2006, former governor <a href="/wiki/George_Ryan" title="George Ryan">George Ryan</a> was convicted of racketeering and bribery, leading to a six-and-a-half-year prison sentence. On December 7, 2011, former governor <a href="/wiki/Rod_Blagojevich" title="Rod Blagojevich">Rod Blagojevich</a> was sentenced to 14 years in prison for allegations that he conspired to sell the vacated Senate seat left by President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> to the highest bidder. Blagojevich had earlier been impeached and convicted by the legislature, resulting in his removal from office. In the late 20th century, Congressman <a href="/wiki/Dan_Rostenkowski" title="Dan Rostenkowski">Dan Rostenkowski</a> was imprisoned for mail fraud; former governor and federal judge <a href="/wiki/Otto_Kerner,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Otto Kerner, Jr.">Otto Kerner, Jr.</a> was imprisoned for bribery; Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Paul_Powell_(politician)" title="Paul Powell (politician)">Paul Powell</a> was investigated and found to have gained great wealth through bribes, and State Auditor of Public Accounts (Comptroller) <a href="/wiki/Orville_Hodge" title="Orville Hodge">Orville Hodge</a> was imprisoned for embezzlement. In 1912, William Lorimer, the GOP boss of Chicago, was expelled from the U.S. Senate for bribery, and in 1921, Governor <a href="/wiki/Len_Small" title="Len Small">Len Small</a> was found to have defrauded the state of a million dollars.<a href="#cite_note-Biles-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Horsley-68">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[212]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._presidential_elections">U.S. presidential elections</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Illinois" title="United States presidential elections in Illinois">United States presidential elections in Illinois</a></div> Illinois has shown a strong presence in presidential elections. Three presidents have claimed Illinois as their political base when running for president: <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>, and most recently <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>. Lincoln was born in <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, but he moved to Illinois at age 21. He served in the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_General_Assembly" title="Illinois General Assembly">General Assembly</a> and represented the <a href="/wiki/Illinois%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Illinois's 7th congressional district">7th congressional district</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> before his election to the presidency in 1860. <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> was born in <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> and had a military career that precluded settling down, but on the eve of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> and approaching middle age, he moved to Illinois and thus utilized the state as his home and political base when running for president. <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> was born in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> and made Illinois his home after graduating from <a href="/wiki/Law_school" title="Law school">law school</a>, and later represented Illinois in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a>. He then became president in 2008, running as a candidate from his Illinois base. <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> was born in Illinois, in the city of <a href="/wiki/Tampico,_Illinois" title="Tampico, Illinois">Tampico</a>, raised in <a href="/wiki/Dixon,_Illinois" title="Dixon, Illinois">Dixon, Illinois</a>, and educated at <a href="/wiki/Eureka_College" title="Eureka College">Eureka College</a>, outside <a href="/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois" title="Peoria, Illinois">Peoria</a>. Reagan later moved to <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> during his young adulthood. He then became an actor, and later became <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">California's Governor</a> before being elected president. <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> was born and raised in the suburbs of Chicago and became the first woman to represent a major political party in the general election of the U.S. presidency. Clinton ran from a platform based in <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York State</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="African-American_U.S._senators">African-American U.S. senators</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_Senators" class="mw-redirect" title="List of African-American United States Senators">Twelve African-Americans</a> have served as members of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>. Of which three have represented Illinois, the most of any single state: <a href="/wiki/Carol_Moseley_Braun" title="Carol Moseley Braun">Carol Moseley-Braun</a>,<a href="#cite_note-215">[213]</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>,<a href="#cite_note-216">[214]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roland_Burris" title="Roland Burris">Roland Burris</a>, who was appointed to replace Obama after his election to the presidency. Moseley-Braun was the first African-American woman to become a U.S. Senator. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_families">Political families</h3></div> Several families from Illinois have played particularly prominent roles in politics, in both the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> earlier in the state's history but more recently the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>, gaining both statewide and national fame. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ingersoll">Ingersoll</h4></div> The <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_political_families_(I)#The_Ingersolls_of_Illinois" title="List of United States political families (I)">Ingersoll family of Illinois</a> comprised a pair of brothers who held several prominent elected positions representing Illinois. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ebon_C._Ingersoll" title="Ebon C. Ingersoll">Ebon C. Ingersoll</a> (1831–1879), Illinois State Representative 1856, U.S. Representative from Illinois 1864–71. Brother of Robert G. Ingersoll.<a href="#cite_note-217">[215]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_G._Ingersoll" title="Robert G. Ingersoll">Robert G. Ingersoll</a> (1833–1899), Illinois State Representative 1860, Attorney General of Illinois 1867–69, delegate to the Republican National Convention 1876. Brother of Ebon C. Ingersoll.<a href="#cite_note-218">[216]</a> <ul><li>John C. Ingersoll (1860–1903), U.S. Consul in <a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Colombia" title="Cartagena, Colombia">Cartagena, Colombia</a> 1902. Son of Ebon C. Ingersoll.<a href="#cite_note-219">[217]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stevenson">Stevenson</h4></div> The <a href="/wiki/Stevenson_family" title="Stevenson family">Stevenson family</a>, initially rooted in central Illinois and later based in the Chicago metropolitan area, has provided four generations of Illinois officeholders. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Adlai Stevenson I</a> (1835–1914) was a Vice President of the United States, as well as a <a href="/wiki/Congressman" class="mw-redirect" title="Congressman">Congressman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Stevenson_(politician)" title="Lewis Stevenson (politician)">Lewis Stevenson</a> (1868–1929), son of Adlai, served as <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Secretary_of_State" title="Illinois Secretary of State">Illinois Secretary of State</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson II</a> (1900–1965), son of Lewis, served as <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Illinois" title="Governor of Illinois">Governor of Illinois</a> and as the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations; he was also the Democratic party's presidential nominee in <a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952</a> and <a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a>, losing both elections to <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwight Eisenhower">Dwight Eisenhower</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_III" title="Adlai Stevenson III">Adlai Stevenson III</a> (1930–2021), son of Adlai II, served ten years as a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">United States Senator</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Daley">Daley</h4></div> The <a href="/wiki/Daley_family" title="Daley family">Daley family</a>'s powerbase was in Chicago. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Daley" title="Richard J. Daley">Richard J. Daley</a> (1902–1976) served as <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Chicago" title="Mayor of Chicago">Mayor of Chicago</a> from 1955 to his death.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Daley" title="Richard M. Daley">Richard M. Daley</a> (born 1942), son of Richard J, was Chicago's longest-serving mayor, in office from 1989 to 2011.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Daley" title="William M. Daley">William M. Daley</a> (born 1948), another son of Richard J, is a former <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a> and has served in a variety of appointed positions.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pritzker">Pritzker</h4></div> The <a href="/wiki/Pritzker_family" title="Pritzker family">Pritzker family</a> is based in Chicago and have played important roles in both the private and the public sectors. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Pritzker" title="Jay Pritzker">Jay Pritzker</a> (1922–1999), co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Hyatt_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyatt Hotel">Hyatt Hotel</a> based in Chicago.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Pritzker" title="Penny Pritzker">Penny Pritzker</a> (born 1959), 38th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">United States Secretary of Commerce</a> under President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._Pritzker" title="J. B. Pritzker">J. B. Pritzker</a> (born 1965), current and 43rd <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Illinois" title="Governor of Illinois">governor of Illinois</a> and co-founder of the Pritzker Group.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Madigan">Madigan</h4></div> Members of the <a href="/wiki/Mike_Madigan#The_Madigan_family_and_their_role_in_Illinois_government" title="Mike Madigan">Madigan family</a> have held extensive influence in Illinois politics. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Madigan" title="Mike Madigan">Michael Madigan</a> (born 1942), longtime speaker of the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_House_of_Representatives" title="Illinois House of Representatives">Illinois House of Representatives</a> and notorious <a href="/wiki/Political_boss" title="Political boss">political boss</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Madigan" title="Lisa Madigan">Lisa Madigan</a> (born 1966), adopted daughter of Michael Madigan, former <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Attorney_General" title="Illinois Attorney General">Illinois Attorney General</a>.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Illini_Union.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Illini_Union.jpg/220px-Illini_Union.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Illini_Union.jpg/220px-Illini_Union.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Illini_Union.jpg/330px-Illini_Union.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Illini_Union.jpg/440px-Illini_Union.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Illini_Union" title="Illini Union">Illini Union</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Urbana-Champaign" title="University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign">University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alex_MacLean_2005_campus_with_cityscape.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Alex_MacLean_2005_campus_with_cityscape.jpg/220px-Alex_MacLean_2005_campus_with_cityscape.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="898"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Alex_MacLean_2005_campus_with_cityscape.jpg/220px-Alex_MacLean_2005_campus_with_cityscape.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Alex_MacLean_2005_campus_with_cityscape.jpg/330px-Alex_MacLean_2005_campus_with_cityscape.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Alex_MacLean_2005_campus_with_cityscape.jpg/440px-Alex_MacLean_2005_campus_with_cityscape.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Campus of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Illinois_State_Board_of_education">Illinois State Board of education</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Illinois_State_Board_of_Education" title="Illinois State Board of Education">Illinois State Board of Education</a></div> The Illinois State Board of Education (ISBE) is autonomous of the governor and the state legislature, and administers <a href="/wiki/Public_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Public education">public education</a> in the state. Local municipalities and their respective <a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">school districts</a> operate individual public schools, but the ISBE audits performance of public schools with the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_School_Report_Card" title="Illinois School Report Card">Illinois School Report Card</a>. The ISBE also makes recommendations to state leaders concerning education spending and policies. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_and_secondary_schools">Primary and secondary schools</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_school_districts_in_Illinois" title="List of school districts in Illinois">List of school districts in Illinois</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_high_schools_in_Illinois" title="List of high schools in Illinois">List of high schools in Illinois</a></div> Education is compulsory for ages 7–17 in Illinois. Schools are commonly, but not exclusively, divided into three tiers of primary and secondary education: elementary school, <a href="/wiki/Middle_school" title="Middle school">middle school</a> or <a href="/wiki/Middle_school" title="Middle school">junior high school</a>, and high school. District territories are often complex in structure. Many areas in the state are actually located in two school districts—one for high school and the other for elementary and middle schools. And such districts do not necessarily share boundaries. A given high school may have several elementary districts that feed into it, yet some of those feeder districts may themselves feed into multiple high school districts. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Illinois" title="List of colleges and universities in Illinois">List of colleges and universities in Illinois</a>.</div> Using the criterion established by <a href="/wiki/The_Carnegie_Foundation_for_the_Advancement_of_Teaching" class="mw-redirect" title="The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching">the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching</a>, there are eleven "National Universities" in the state. As of 19 August 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Illinois&action=edit">[update]</a>, six of these rank in the "first tier" among the top 500 National Universities in the nation, as determined by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a> rankings: the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Urbana-Champaign" title="University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign">University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loyola_University_Chicago" title="Loyola University Chicago">Loyola University Chicago</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Institute_of_Technology" title="Illinois Institute of Technology">Illinois Institute of Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/DePaul_University" title="DePaul University">DePaul University</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Chicago" title="University of Illinois Chicago">University of Illinois Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois_State_University" title="Illinois State University">Illinois State University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois_University_Carbondale" title="Southern Illinois University Carbondale">Southern Illinois University Carbondale</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Illinois_University" title="Northern Illinois University">Northern Illinois University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-usnews-220">[218]</a> The University of Chicago is continuously ranked as one of the world's top ten universities on various independent university rankings, and its <a href="/wiki/Booth_School_of_Business" class="mw-redirect" title="Booth School of Business">Booth School of Business</a>, along with Northwestern's <a href="/wiki/Kellogg_School_of_Management" title="Kellogg School of Management">Kellogg School of Management</a> consistently rank within the top five graduate business schools in the country and top ten globally. The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign is often ranked among the best engineering schools in the world and United States. Illinois also has more than twenty additional <a href="/wiki/Educational_accreditation" title="Educational accreditation">accredited</a> four-year universities, both public and private, and dozens of small <a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts_college" title="Liberal arts college">liberal arts colleges</a> across the state. Additionally, Illinois supports 49 public <a href="/wiki/Community_college" title="Community college">community colleges</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Community_College_System" title="Illinois Community College System">Illinois Community College System</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="School_financing">School financing</h3></div> Schools in Illinois are funded primarily by property taxes, based on state assessment of property values, rather than direct state contributions. Scholar Tracy Steffes has described Illinois public education as historically "inequitable", a system where one of "the wealthiest of states" is "the stingiest in its support for education". There have been several attempts to reform school funding in Illinois. The most notable attempt came in 1973 with the adoption of the Illinois Resource Equalizer Formula, a measure through which it was hoped funding could be collected and distributed to Illinois schools more equitably. However, opposition from affluent Illinois communities who objected to having to pay for the less well-off school districts (many of them Black majority communities, produced by redlining, white flight, and other "soft" segregation methods) resulted in the formula's abolition in the late 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-221">[219]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2></div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Illinois_Routes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Illinois Routes">List of Illinois Routes</a></div> Because of its central location and its proximity to the <a href="/wiki/Rust_Belt" title="Rust Belt">Rust Belt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grain_Belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Grain Belt">Grain Belt</a>, Illinois is a national crossroads for air, auto, rail, and truck traffic. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Illinois" title="List of airports in Illinois">List of airports in Illinois</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Concourse_B,_Chicago_O%27Hare_airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Concourse_B%2C_Chicago_O%27Hare_airport.jpg/220px-Concourse_B%2C_Chicago_O%27Hare_airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7287" data-file-height="4912"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 148px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Concourse_B%2C_Chicago_O%27Hare_airport.jpg/220px-Concourse_B%2C_Chicago_O%27Hare_airport.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="148" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Concourse_B%2C_Chicago_O%27Hare_airport.jpg/330px-Concourse_B%2C_Chicago_O%27Hare_airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Concourse_B%2C_Chicago_O%27Hare_airport.jpg/440px-Concourse_B%2C_Chicago_O%27Hare_airport.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Concourse B inside <a href="/wiki/O%27Hare_International_Airport" title="O'Hare International Airport">O'Hare International Airport</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_airports_by_passenger_traffic" title="List of busiest airports by passenger traffic">world's busiest airports</a></figcaption></figure> From 1962 until 1998, Chicago's <a href="/wiki/O%27Hare_International_Airport" title="O'Hare International Airport">O'Hare International Airport</a> (ORD) was the busiest airport in the world, measured both in terms of total flights and passengers. While it was surpassed by <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Hartsfield%E2%80%93Jackson_Atlanta_International_Airport" title="Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport">Hartsfield</a> in 1998 (as Chicago splits its air traffic between O'Hare and Midway airports, while Atlanta uses only one airport), with 59.3 million domestic passengers annually, along with 11.4 million international passengers in 2008,<a href="#cite_note-222">[220]</a> O'Hare consistently remains one of the two or three busiest airports globally, and in some years still ranks number one in total flights. It is a major <a href="/wiki/Airline_hub" title="Airline hub">hub</a> for both <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_Airlines" title="American Airlines">American Airlines</a>, and a major airport expansion project is currently underway. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Midway_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago Midway International Airport">Midway Airport</a> (MDW), which had been the busiest airport in the world at one point until it was supplanted by O'Hare as the busiest airport in 1962, is now the secondary airport in the Chicago metropolitan area and still ranks as one of the nation's busiest airports. Midway is a major hub for <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Airlines" title="Southwest Airlines">Southwest Airlines</a> and services many other carriers as well. Midway served 17.3 million domestic and international passengers in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-223">[221]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Highways">Highways</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Interstate_Highways_in_Illinois" title="List of Interstate Highways in Illinois">List of Interstate Highways in Illinois</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._Highways_in_Illinois" title="List of U.S. Highways in Illinois">List of U.S. Highways in Illinois</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Welcome_to_Illinois_Sign_-_US67_Rock_Island_(44320554331).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Welcome_to_Illinois_Sign_-_US67_Rock_Island_%2844320554331%29.jpg/220px-Welcome_to_Illinois_Sign_-_US67_Rock_Island_%2844320554331%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Welcome_to_Illinois_Sign_-_US67_Rock_Island_%2844320554331%29.jpg/220px-Welcome_to_Illinois_Sign_-_US67_Rock_Island_%2844320554331%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Welcome_to_Illinois_Sign_-_US67_Rock_Island_%2844320554331%29.jpg/330px-Welcome_to_Illinois_Sign_-_US67_Rock_Island_%2844320554331%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Welcome_to_Illinois_Sign_-_US67_Rock_Island_%2844320554331%29.jpg/440px-Welcome_to_Illinois_Sign_-_US67_Rock_Island_%2844320554331%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>An Illinois welcome sign along <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_67_in_Illinois" title="U.S. Route 67 in Illinois">U.S. Route 67</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rock_Island,_Illinois" title="Rock Island, Illinois">Rock Island</a></figcaption></figure> The Interstate Highways in Illinois are all segments of the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">Interstate Highway System</a> that are owned and maintained by the state.<a href="#cite_note-224">[222]</a> Major U.S. Interstate highways crossing the state include: <a href="/wiki/Interstate_24_in_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 24 in Illinois">Interstate 24</a> (I-24), <a href="/wiki/Interstate_39_in_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 39 in Illinois">I-39</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_41" title="Interstate 41">I-41</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_55_in_Illinois" title="Interstate 55 in Illinois">I-55</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_57_in_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 57 in Illinois">I-57</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_64_in_Illinois" title="Interstate 64 in Illinois">I-64</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_70_in_Illinois" title="Interstate 70 in Illinois">I-70</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_72_in_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 72 in Illinois">I-72</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_74_in_Illinois" title="Interstate 74 in Illinois">I-74</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_80_in_Illinois" title="Interstate 80 in Illinois">I-80</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_88_(Illinois)" title="Interstate 88 (Illinois)">I-88</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_90_in_Illinois" title="Interstate 90 in Illinois">I-90</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_94_in_Illinois" title="Interstate 94 in Illinois">I-94</a>. Illinois has the distinction of having the most primary (two-digit) interstates pass through it among all the 50 states with 13. Illinois also ranks third among the fifty states with the most interstate mileage, coming in after California and Texas, which are much bigger states in area.<a href="#cite_note-225">[223]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IllinoisLicensePlates.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/IllinoisLicensePlates.jpg/220px-IllinoisLicensePlates.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="229"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 116px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/IllinoisLicensePlates.jpg/220px-IllinoisLicensePlates.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="116" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/IllinoisLicensePlates.jpg/330px-IllinoisLicensePlates.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bc/IllinoisLicensePlates.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Standard license plate introduced in 2017</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Department_of_Transportation" title="Illinois Department of Transportation">Illinois Department of Transportation</a> (IDOT) is responsible for maintaining the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Numbered_Highways" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Numbered Highways">U.S Highways</a> in Illinois. The system in Illinois consists of 21 <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._Highways" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. Highways">primary highways</a>. Among the U.S. highways that pass through the state, the primary ones are: <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_6_in_Illinois" title="U.S. Route 6 in Illinois">US 6</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_12_in_Illinois" title="U.S. Route 12 in Illinois">US 12</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_14_in_Illinois" title="U.S. Route 14 in Illinois">US 14</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_20_in_Illinois" title="U.S. Route 20 in Illinois">US 20</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_24_in_Illinois" title="U.S. Route 24 in Illinois">US 24</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_30_in_Illinois" title="U.S. Route 30 in Illinois">US 30</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_34_in_Illinois" title="U.S. Route 34 in Illinois">US 34</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_36_in_Illinois" title="U.S. Route 36 in Illinois">US 36</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_40_in_Illinois" title="U.S. Route 40 in Illinois">US 40</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_41_in_Illinois" title="U.S. Route 41 in Illinois">US 41</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_45_in_Illinois" title="U.S. Route 45 in Illinois">US 45</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_50_in_Illinois" title="U.S. Route 50 in Illinois">US 50</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_51_in_Illinois" title="U.S. Route 51 in Illinois">US 51</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_52_in_Illinois" title="U.S. Route 52 in Illinois">US 52</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_54_in_Illinois" title="U.S. Route 54 in Illinois">US 54</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_60_in_Illinois" title="U.S. Route 60 in Illinois">US 60</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_62_in_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 62 in Illinois">US 62</a>, and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_67_in_Illinois" title="U.S. Route 67 in Illinois">US 67</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buses">Buses</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_intercity_bus_stops_in_Illinois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of intercity bus stops in Illinois (page does not exist)">List of intercity bus stops in Illinois</a></div> Due to its central location, Illinois sees numerous intercity bus services primarily connecting east and west. The <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Bus_Station" title="Chicago Bus Station">Chicago Bus Station</a> is the busiest intercity bus station in the state. The following carriers provide scheduled service: <a href="/wiki/Amtrak_Thruway" title="Amtrak Thruway">Amtrak Thruway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barons_Bus_Lines" title="Barons Bus Lines">Barons Bus Lines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burlington_Trailways" title="Burlington Trailways">Burlington Trailways</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flixbus" class="mw-redirect" title="Flixbus">Flixbus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Lines" title="Greyhound Lines">Greyhound Lines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Trails" title="Indian Trails">Indian Trails</a>, Miller Transportation (Hoosier Ride), <a href="/wiki/Peoria_Charter_Coach_Company" title="Peoria Charter Coach Company">Peoria Charter Coach Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Van_Galder_Bus_Company" title="Van Galder Bus Company">Van Galder Bus Company</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Coach_Lines" title="Wisconsin Coach Lines">Wisconsin Coach Lines</a>. <table class="collapsible uncollapsed" style="border:1px #aaa solid; width:50em; margin:0.2em auto"> <tbody><tr> <th>Local transit map </th></tr> <tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:602px"><div style="position:relative;width:600px;border:1px solid lightgray"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Illinois_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Illinois is located in Illinois"><noscript><img alt="Illinois is located in Illinois" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/USA_Illinois_location_map.svg/600px-USA_Illinois_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="794" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="945" data-file-height="1250"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 600px;height: 794px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/USA_Illinois_location_map.svg/600px-USA_Illinois_location_map.svg.png" data-alt="Illinois is located in Illinois" data-width="600" data-height="794" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/USA_Illinois_location_map.svg/900px-USA_Illinois_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/USA_Illinois_location_map.svg/1200px-USA_Illinois_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><div class="od notheme" style="top:3.544%;left:55.351%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="Beloit Transit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="Beloit Transit" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:11px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Beloit_Transit" title="Beloit Transit">Beloit Transit</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.498%;left:69.7%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="C-CARTS" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="C-CARTS" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:11px"><div><a href="/wiki/Champaign_County_Area_Rural_Transit_System" title="Champaign County Area Rural Transit System">C-CARTS</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.792%;left:68.244%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="MTD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="MTD" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:11px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Champaign%E2%80%93Urbana_Mass_Transit_District" title="Champaign–Urbana Mass Transit District">MTD</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:13.843%;left:78.79%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="Chicago Transit Authority" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="Chicago Transit Authority" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:11px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Transit_Authority" title="Chicago Transit Authority">Chicago Transit Authority</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.373%;left:67.804%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="Coles County Zipline" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="Coles County Zipline" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:11px"><div><a href="/wiki/Coles_County_Zipline" title="Coles County Zipline">Coles County Zipline</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.133%;left:55.439%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="Connect Transit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="Connect Transit" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:11px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Connect_Transit" title="Connect Transit">Connect Transit</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.621%;left:78.817%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="DMT" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="DMT" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:11px"><div><a href="/wiki/Danville_Mass_Transit" title="Danville Mass Transit">DMT</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:48.417%;left:55.998%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="DPTS" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="DPTS" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:11px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Decatur_Public_Transit_System" title="Decatur Public Transit System">DPTS</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:13.057%;left:59.546%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="DeKalb Public Transit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="DeKalb Public Transit" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:11px"><div><a href="/wiki/DeKalb_Public_Transit" title="DeKalb Public Transit">DeKalb Public Transit</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:29.704%;left:31.586%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="Galesburg Transit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="Galesburg Transit" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:11px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Galesburg_Transit" title="Galesburg Transit">Galesburg Transit</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.931%;left:26.376%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="Go West Transit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="Go West Transit" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:11px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Go_West_Transit" title="Go West Transit">Go West Transit</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.078%;left:44.942%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="CityLink" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="CityLink" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:11px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Greater_Peoria_Mass_Transit_District" title="Greater Peoria Mass Transit District">CityLink</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:83.655%;left:49.368%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="JCMTD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="JCMTD" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:11px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County_Mass_Transit_District" title="Jackson County Mass Transit District">JCMTD</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:84.338%;left:51.439%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="Saluki Express" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="Saluki Express" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:11px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Saluki_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Saluki Express">Saluki Express</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:84.248%;left:56.427%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="RMTD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="RMTD" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:11px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Rides_Mass_Transit_District" title="Rides Mass Transit District">RMTD</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:64.514%;left:34.719%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="Madison County Transit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="Madison County Transit" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:11px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Madison_County_Transit" title="Madison County Transit">Madison County Transit</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.453%;left:28.83%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="MetroLINK" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="MetroLINK" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:11px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Quad_Cities_MetroLINK" title="Quad Cities MetroLINK">MetroLINK</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:13.564%;left:73.442%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="Pace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="Pace" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:11px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Pace_(transit)" title="Pace (transit)">Pace</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:46.939%;left:13.716%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="Quincy Transit Lines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="Quincy Transit Lines" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:11px"><div><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Transit_Lines" title="Quincy Transit Lines">Quincy Transit Lines</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.73%;left:74.769%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="River Valley Metro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="River Valley Metro" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:11px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/River_Valley_Metro_Mass_Transit_District" title="River Valley Metro Mass Transit District">River Valley Metro</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:7.241%;left:53.495%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="RMTD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="RMTD" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:11px"><div><a href="/wiki/Rockford_Mass_Transit_District" title="Rockford Mass Transit District">RMTD</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.821%;left:38.369%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="SCCTD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="SCCTD" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:11px"><div><a href="/wiki/St._Clair_County_Transit_District" title="St. Clair County Transit District">SCCTD</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:49.144%;left:44.118%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="SMTD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="SMTD" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:11px"><div><a href="/wiki/Sangamon_Mass_Transit_District" title="Sangamon Mass Transit District">SMTD</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:30.842%;left:61.556%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="SHOW Bus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="SHOW Bus" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:11px"><div><a href="/wiki/SHOW_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="SHOW Bus">SHOW Bus</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.712%;left:52.859%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="South Central Transit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="South Central Transit" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:11px"><div><a href="/wiki/South_Central_Illinois_Mass_Transit_District" title="South Central Illinois Mass Transit District">South Central Transit</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:72.154%;left:34.487%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="MRTD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="MRTD" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:11px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monroe_Randolph_Transit_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monroe Randolph Transit District (page does not exist)">MRTD</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:84.095%;left:63.23%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="RMTD" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="RMTD" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:11px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Rides_Mass_Transit_District" title="Rides Mass Transit District">RMTD</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.257%;left:48.911%;font-size:90%"><div class="id" style="left:-10px;top:-10px"><noscript><img alt="SHOW Bus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/20px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png" data-alt="SHOW Bus" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/30px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Icon-mode-bus-default.svg/40px-Icon-mode-bus-default.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:11px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/SHOW_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="SHOW Bus">SHOW Bus</a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Illinois_location_map.svg" title="File:USA Illinois location map.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Local Transit Systems (Only systems with fixed-route services are shown)</div></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railroads">Railroads</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Illinois_railroads" title="List of Illinois railroads">List of Illinois railroads</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipedia_Map_Final_Draft.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wikipedia_Map_Final_Draft.pdf/page1-220px-Wikipedia_Map_Final_Draft.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="1650"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 285px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wikipedia_Map_Final_Draft.pdf/page1-220px-Wikipedia_Map_Final_Draft.pdf.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="285" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wikipedia_Map_Final_Draft.pdf/page1-330px-Wikipedia_Map_Final_Draft.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wikipedia_Map_Final_Draft.pdf/page1-440px-Wikipedia_Map_Final_Draft.pdf.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Illinois major rail network</figcaption></figure> Illinois has an extensive passenger and freight rail transportation network. Chicago is a national <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> hub and in-state passengers are served by Amtrak's <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Service" title="Illinois Service">Illinois Service</a>, featuring the Chicago to Carbondale <a href="/wiki/Illini_(Amtrak)" class="mw-redirect" title="Illini (Amtrak)">Illini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saluki_(Amtrak)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saluki (Amtrak)">Saluki</a>, the Chicago to Quincy <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Zephyr_and_Carl_Sandburg" title="Illinois Zephyr and Carl Sandburg">Carl Sandburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Zephyr_and_Carl_Sandburg" title="Illinois Zephyr and Carl Sandburg">Illinois Zephyr</a>, and the Chicago to St. Louis <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Service" title="Lincoln Service">Lincoln Service</a>. Currently there is trackwork on the Chicago–St. Louis line to bring the maximum speed up to 110 mph (180 km/h), which would reduce the trip time by an hour and a half. Nearly every North American railway meets at Chicago, making it the largest and most active rail hub in the country. Extensive heavy rail service is provided in the city proper and some immediate suburbs by the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Transit_Authority" title="Chicago Transit Authority">Chicago Transit Authority</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Chicago_%22L%22" title='Chicago "L"'>'L'</a> system. One of the largest suburban commuter rail system in the United States, operated by <a href="/wiki/Metra" title="Metra">Metra</a>, uses existing rail lines to provide direct commuter rail access for hundreds of suburbs to the city and beyond. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waterways">Waterways</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Illinois_waterways" title="Category:Illinois waterways">Category:Illinois waterways</a></div> In addition to the state's rail lines, the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Illinois_River" title="Illinois River">Illinois River</a> provide major transportation routes for the state's agricultural interests. <a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan" title="Lake Michigan">Lake Michigan</a> gives Illinois access to the Atlantic Ocean by way of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_Seaway" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence Seaway">Saint Lawrence Seaway</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/32px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/32px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="32" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/48px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/64px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Illinois" title="Portal:Illinois">Illinois portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="32" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Illinois-related_articles" title="Index of Illinois-related articles">Index of Illinois-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Illinois" title="List of people from Illinois">List of people from Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Illinois" title="Outline of Illinois">Outline of Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Illinois" title="USS Illinois">USS Illinois</a>, 4 ships</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NAVD88-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NAVD88_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NAVD88_3-1">b</a> Elevation adjusted to <a href="/wiki/North_American_Vertical_Datum_of_1988" title="North American Vertical Datum of 1988">North American Vertical Datum of 1988</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry. </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/ds_mark.prl?PidBox=NJ0855">"Charles"</a>. NGS Data Sheet. <a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Geodetic_Survey" title="U.S. National Geodetic Survey">National Geodetic Survey</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">United States Department of Commerce</a>. 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The United States Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200630074652/https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2019/09/us-median-household-income-up-in-2018-from-2017.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2020. Retrieved July 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=U.S.+Median+Household+Income+Up+in+2018+From+2017&rft.aulast=Bureau&rft.aufirst=US+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fstories%2F2019%2F09%2Fus-median-household-income-up-in-2018-from-2017.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|last1=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=132&ChapAct=5%26nbsp%3BILCS%26nbsp%3B460%2F&ChapterID=2&ChapterName=GENERAL+PROVISIONS&ActName=State+Designations+Act%2E">"(5 ILCS 460/20) (from Ch. 1, par. 2901‑20) State Designations Act"</a>. Illinois Compiled Statutes. Springfield, Illinois: Illinois General Assembly. September 4, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090305053414/http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=132&ChapAct=5%26nbsp%3BILCS%26nbsp%3B460%2F&ChapterID=2&ChapterName=GENERAL+PROVISIONS&ActName=State+Designations+Act%2E">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2009. Retrieved April 10, 2009. <q>Sec. 20. Official language. 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Illinois Periodicals Online. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.niu.edu/1999/iht639920.html">the original</a> on October 10, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Illinois+Periodicals+Online&rft.atitle=The+Historical+Development+of+Transportation+in+Illinois&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Ryburn-LaMonte&rft.aufirst=Terri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.niu.edu%2F1999%2Fiht639920.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nam.org/state-manufacturing-data/2021-illinois-manufacturing-facts/">"2021 Illinois Manufacturing Facts"</a>. NAM. April 26, 2021. 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State of Illinois. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.illinois.gov/facts/symbols.cfm">the original</a> on April 15, 2006. Retrieved April 20, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Illinois+Symbols&rft.pub=State+of+Illinois&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.illinois.gov%2Ffacts%2Fsymbols.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCallary2008" class="citation book cs1">Callary, Edward (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvHgwa-XImcC&pg=PA169">Place Names of Illinois</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Press" title="University of Illinois Press">University of Illinois Press</a>. p. 169. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-03356-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-03356-8"><bdi>978-0-252-03356-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210204131219/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvHgwa-XImcC&pg=PA169">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Place+Names+of+Illinois&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-252-03356-8&rft.aulast=Callary&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZvHgwa-XImcC%26pg%3DPA169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCosta2007" class="citation journal cs1">Costa, David J. (January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716151840/http://myaamia.strackattack.com/OtherFiles/CostaNewsletter.pdf#page=9">"Three American Placenames: Illinois"</a> (PDF). Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas Newsletter. 25 (4): 9–12. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1046-4476">1046-4476</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://myaamia.strackattack.com/OtherFiles/CostaNewsletter.pdf#page=9">the original</a> (PDF) on July 16, 2011. Retrieved May 29, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Society+for+the+Study+of+the+Indigenous+Languages+of+the+Americas+Newsletter&rft.atitle=Three+American+Placenames%3A+Illinois&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=9-12&rft.date=2007-01&rft.issn=1046-4476&rft.aulast=Costa&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmyaamia.strackattack.com%2FOtherFiles%2FCostaNewsletter.pdf%23page%3D9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PAUKETATCAHOKIA-19"><a href="#cite_ref-PAUKETATCAHOKIA_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPauketat2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pauketat" title="Timothy Pauketat">Pauketat, Timothy R.</a> (2009). Cahokia: Ancient America's Great City on the Mississippi. Penguin library of American Indian history. <a href="/wiki/Viking_Press" title="Viking Press">Viking Press</a>. pp. 23–34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-02090-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-02090-4"><bdi>978-0-670-02090-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/276819729">276819729</a>. <q>Cahokia was so large—covering three to five square miles—that archaeologists have yet to probe many portions of it. Its centerpiece was an open fifty-acre Grand Plaza, surrounded by packed-clay pyramids. The size of thirty-five football fields, the Grand Plaza was at the time the biggest public space ever conceived and executed north of Mexico ... a flat public square 1,600-plus feet in length and 900-plus feet in width.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cahokia%3A+Ancient+America%27s+Great+City+on+the+Mississippi&rft.series=Penguin+library+of+American+Indian+history&rft.pages=23-34&rft.pub=Viking+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F276819729&rft.isbn=978-0-670-02090-4&rft.aulast=Pauketat&rft.aufirst=Timothy+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SKELE-20"><a href="#cite_ref-SKELE_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkele1988" class="citation book cs1">Skele, Mikels (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/greatknobinterpr00skel#page/102/mode/2up">The Great Knob: Interpretations of Monks Mound</a>. Studies in Illinois Archaeology. Springfield, IL: Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-942579-03-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-942579-03-1"><bdi>978-0-942579-03-1</bdi></a>. 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Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. pp. 201–203. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780136156864" title="Special:BookSources/9780136156864"><bdi>9780136156864</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/223933566">223933566</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archaeology+of+Native+North+Americas&rft.place=Upper+Saddle+River%2C+NJ&rft.pages=201-203&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F223933566&rft.isbn=9780136156864&rft.aulast=Snow&rft.aufirst=Dean+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNash2015" class="citation book cs1">Nash, Gary B. 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University of New Mexico Press. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8263-2871-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8263-2871-7"><bdi>978-0-8263-2871-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803102909/https://books.google.com/books?id=YiHHnV08ebkC&pg=PA59">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2020. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wgntv.com/news/illinois/the-center-of-illinois-is-likely-a-spot-youve-never-visited/">the original</a> on July 27, 2024. 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May 14, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240515060742/https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/illinois-ranks-as-most-normal-state-in-u-s-according-to-washington-post-data-analysis/3436002/">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2024. Retrieved May 15, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Illinois+ranks+as+%27most+normal+state%27+in+U.S.+according+to+Washington+Post+data+analysis&rft.pub=WMAQ-TV&rft.date=2024-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcchicago.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fillinois-ranks-as-most-normal-state-in-u-s-according-to-washington-post-data-analysis%2F3436002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USCensusEst2023-90"><a href="#cite_ref-USCensusEst2023_90-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.html">"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023"</a>. United States Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200407074341/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2020. 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Retrieved November 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=P004HISPANIC+OR+LATINO%2C+AND+NOT+HISPANIC+OR+LATINO+BY+RACE+%5B73%5D+-+Illinois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%3Fq%3Dp004%26g%3D040XX00US17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010CensusP2-92"><a href="#cite_ref-2010CensusP2_92-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPLNAT2010.P2?q=p2&g=040XX00US17">"P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Illinois"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231125182549/https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPLNAT2010.P2?q=p2&g=040XX00US17">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2023. 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August 12, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210815165418/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 15, 2021. 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July 1, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231007044801/https://data.census.gov/table?q=B03002&g=040XX00US17">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2023. Retrieved September 15, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=B03002+HISPANIC+OR+LATINO+ORIGIN+BY+RACE%E2%80%94Illinois%E2%80%942022+American+Community+Survey+1-Year+Estimates&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2022-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%3Fq%3DB03002%26g%3D040XX00US17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://db.iecam.illinois.edu/search.asp">"IECAM"</a>. db.iecam.illinois.edu. 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Retrieved February 7, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Senate%3A+Art+%26+History+Home&rft.pub=Senate.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fpagelayout%2Fhistory%2Fh_multi_sections_and_teasers%2FPhoto_Exhibit_African_American_Senators.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/ingersoll.html#R9M0J1NQG">The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Ingersoll</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/ingersoll.html#RNJ1EIUZL">The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Ingersoll</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/ingersoll.html#0YY0K9G5O">The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Ingersoll</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-usnews-220"><a href="#cite_ref-usnews_220-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/national-universities-rankings/state+IL">"Best Colleges 2010—National Universities Rankings"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>. August 19, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110105090520/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/national-universities-rankings/state+IL">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2011. Retrieved May 31, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Best+Colleges+2010%E2%80%94National+Universities+Rankings&rft.date=2009-08-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcolleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com%2Fbest-colleges%2Fnational-universities-rankings%2Fstate%2BIL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteffes2020" class="citation journal cs1">Steffes, Tracy L. (February 2020). "Assessment Matters: The Rise and Fall of the Illinois Resource Equalizer Formula". History of Education Quarterly. 60 (1): 24–57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fheq.2020.7">10.1017/heq.2020.7</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:216496825">216496825</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+of+Education+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Assessment+Matters%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Illinois+Resource+Equalizer+Formula&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=24-57&rft.date=2020-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fheq.2020.7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A216496825%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Steffes&rft.aufirst=Tracy+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100101054630/http://flychicago.com/Statistics/stats/1208ORDSUMMARY-REVISED.pdf">"O'Hare International Airport Activity Statistics"</a> (PDF). City of Chicago: FlyChicago.com. March 27, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flychicago.com/Statistics/stats/1208ORDSUMMARY-REVISED.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on January 1, 2010. Retrieved April 10, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=O%27Hare+International+Airport+Activity+Statistics&rft.pub=City+of+Chicago%3A+FlyChicago.com&rft.date=2009-03-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flychicago.com%2FStatistics%2Fstats%2F1208ORDSUMMARY-REVISED.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100101054737/http://flychicago.com/Statistics/stats/1208SUMMARYRevised.pdf">"Midway Airport Activity Statistics"</a> (PDF). FlyChicago.com. City of Chicago. January 30, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flychicago.com/Statistics/stats/1208SUMMARYRevised.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on January 1, 2010. Retrieved April 10, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FlyChicago.com&rft.atitle=Midway+Airport+Activity+Statistics&rft.date=2009-01-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flychicago.com%2FStatistics%2Fstats%2F1208SUMMARYRevised.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://highways.dot.gov/highway-history/interstate-system/50th-anniversary/interstate-frequently-asked-questions">"Interstate Frequently Asked Questions—50th Anniversary—Interstate System—Highway History—Federal Highway Administration"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Highway_Administration" title="Federal Highway Administration">Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210220154101/https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/interstate/faq.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on February 20, 2021. Retrieved May 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Highway+Administration+%28FHWA%29&rft.atitle=Interstate+Frequently+Asked+Questions%E2%80%9450th+Anniversary%E2%80%94Interstate+System%E2%80%94Highway+History%E2%80%94Federal+Highway+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhighways.dot.gov%2Fhighway-history%2Finterstate-system%2F50th-anniversary%2Finterstate-frequently-asked-questions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160301091838/http://www.interstate-guide.com/state-index.html">"Interstates by State"</a>. Interstate-Guide. February 2, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interstate-guide.com/state-index.html">the original</a> on March 1, 2016. Retrieved February 27, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interstates+by+State&rft.pub=Interstate-Guide&rft.date=2016-02-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interstate-guide.com%2Fstate-index.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBridgesDavis1984" class="citation book cs1">Bridges, Roger D.; Davis, Rodney O. (1984). Illinois: its history & legacy. St. Louis: River City Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-933150-86-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-933150-86-7"><bdi>978-0-933150-86-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/11814096">11814096</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illinois%3A+its+history+%26+legacy&rft.place=St.+Louis&rft.pub=River+City+Publishers&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F11814096&rft.isbn=978-0-933150-86-7&rft.aulast=Bridges&rft.aufirst=Roger+D.&rft.au=Davis%2C+Rodney+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole1987" class="citation book cs1">Cole, Arthur Charles (1987) [1919]. The era of the Civil War, 1848–1870. Urbana: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Press" title="University of Illinois Press">University of Illinois Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-01339-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-01339-3"><bdi>978-0-252-01339-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/14130434">14130434</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+era+of+the+Civil+War%2C+1848%E2%80%931870&rft.place=Urbana&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F14130434&rft.isbn=978-0-252-01339-3&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1998" class="citation book cs1">Davis, James E. (1998). Frontier Illinois. Bloomington: <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-33423-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-33423-7"><bdi>978-0-253-33423-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/39182546">39182546</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frontier+Illinois&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F39182546&rft.isbn=978-0-253-33423-7&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=James+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrossman,_James_R.Keating,_Ann_DurkinReiff,_Janice_L.2005" class="citation book cs1">Grossman, James R.; Keating, Ann Durkin; Reiff, Janice L. (2005) [2004]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/">Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago</a> (Online ed.). Chicago: <a href="/wiki/Chicago_History_Museum" title="Chicago History Museum">Chicago Historical Society</a>, Newberry Library. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-31015-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-31015-2"><bdi>978-0-226-31015-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60342627">60342627</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140617205553/http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/">Archived</a> from the original on June 17, 2014. Retrieved January 28, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Electronic+Encyclopedia+of+Chicago&rft.place=Chicago&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Chicago+Historical+Society%2C+Newberry+Library&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60342627&rft.isbn=978-0-226-31015-2&rft.au=Grossman%2C+James+R.&rft.au=Keating%2C+Ann+Durkin&rft.au=Reiff%2C+Janice+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHallwas,_John_E.1986" class="citation book cs1">Hallwas, John E., ed. (1986). Illinois literature: the nineteenth century. Macomb: Illinois Heritage Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/14228886">14228886</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illinois+literature%3A+the+nineteenth+century&rft.place=Macomb&rft.pub=Illinois+Heritage+Press&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F14228886&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward1972" class="citation book cs1">Howard, Robert P. (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/illinoishistoryo0000howa">Illinois; a history of the Prairie State</a>. Grand Rapids: W. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-7025-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-7025-4"><bdi>978-0-8028-7025-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/495362">495362</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illinois%3B+a+history+of+the+Prairie+State&rft.place=Grand+Rapids&rft.pub=W.+B.+Eerdmans+Pub.+Co&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F495362&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-7025-4&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Robert+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fillinoishistoryo0000howa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJensen2001" class="citation book cs1">Jensen, Richard E. (2001). Illinois: a history. Urbana: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Press" title="University of Illinois Press">University of Illinois Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-07021-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-07021-1"><bdi>978-0-252-07021-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/46769728">46769728</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illinois%3A+a+history&rft.place=Urbana&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F46769728&rft.isbn=978-0-252-07021-1&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=Richard+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeiser1977" class="citation book cs1">Keiser, John H. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/buildingforcentu0000keis">Building for the centuries: Illinois, 1865 to 1898</a>. Urbana: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Press" title="University of Illinois Press">University of Illinois Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-00617-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-00617-3"><bdi>978-0-252-00617-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2798051">2798051</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+for+the+centuries%3A+Illinois%2C+1865+to+1898&rft.place=Urbana&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2798051&rft.isbn=978-0-252-00617-3&rft.aulast=Keiser&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbuildingforcentu0000keis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKilduffPygman1962" class="citation book cs1">Kilduff, Dorrell; Pygman, C. H. (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/illinoishistoryg00kild">Illinois; History, government, geography</a>. Chicago: Follett. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/5223888">5223888</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illinois%3B+History%2C+government%2C+geography&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Follett&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5223888&rft.aulast=Kilduff&rft.aufirst=Dorrell&rft.au=Pygman%2C+C.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fillinoishistoryg00kild&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleppner1988" class="citation book cs1">Kleppner, Paul (1988). Political atlas of Illinois. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87580-136-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87580-136-0"><bdi>978-0-87580-136-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/16755435">16755435</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+atlas+of+Illinois&rft.place=DeKalb&rft.pub=Northern+Illinois+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F16755435&rft.isbn=978-0-87580-136-0&rft.aulast=Kleppner&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2000" class="citation book cs1">Meyer, Douglas K. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=65659204">Making the heartland quilt: a geographical history of settlement and migration in early-nineteenth-century Illinois</a>. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-585-37905-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-585-37905-0"><bdi>978-0-585-37905-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/48139026">48139026</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120525091131/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=65659204">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2012. Retrieved September 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+the+heartland+quilt%3A+a+geographical+history+of+settlement+and+migration+in+early-nineteenth-century+Illinois&rft.place=Carbondale&rft.pub=Southern+Illinois+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F48139026&rft.isbn=978-0-585-37905-0&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Douglas+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2FPM.qst%3Fa%3Do%26d%3D65659204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNowlanGoveWinkel2010" class="citation book cs1">Nowlan, James D.; Gove, Samuel K.; Winkel, Richard J. (2010). Illinois Politics: A Citizen's Guide. Urbana: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Press" title="University of Illinois Press">University of Illinois Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-07702-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-07702-9"><bdi>978-0-252-07702-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illinois+Politics%3A+A+Citizen%27s+Guide&rft.place=Urbana&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-252-07702-9&rft.aulast=Nowlan&rft.aufirst=James+D.&rft.au=Gove%2C+Samuel+K.&rft.au=Winkel%2C+Richard+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutton1976" class="citation book cs1">Sutton, Robert P. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/prairiestatedocu0002unse">The Prairie State; a documentary history of Illinois</a>. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-1651-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-1651-1"><bdi>978-0-8028-1651-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2603998">2603998</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Prairie+State%3B+a+documentary+history+of+Illinois&rft.place=Grand+Rapids&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2603998&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-1651-1&rft.aulast=Sutton&rft.aufirst=Robert+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprairiestatedocu0002unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalton1970" class="citation book cs1">Walton, Clyde C. (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/illinoisreader0000unse">An Illinois reader</a>. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87580-014-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87580-014-1"><bdi>978-0-87580-014-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/89905">89905</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Illinois+reader&rft.place=DeKalb&rft.pub=Northern+Illinois+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F89905&rft.isbn=978-0-87580-014-1&rft.aulast=Walton&rft.aufirst=Clyde+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fillinoisreader0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorks_Progress_Administration1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration" title="Works Progress Administration">Works Progress Administration</a> (1983) [1939]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wpaguidetoillino00unit">The WPA guide to Illinois: the Federal Writers' Project guide to 1930s Illinois</a>. New York: Pantheon Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-72195-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-72195-8"><bdi>978-0-394-72195-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/239788752">239788752</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+WPA+guide+to+Illinois%3A+the+Federal+Writers%27+Project+guide+to+1930s+Illinois&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Pantheon+Books&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F239788752&rft.isbn=978-0-394-72195-8&rft.au=Works+Progress+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwpaguidetoillino00unit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIllinois" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 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href="https://www.illinois.gov">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><noscript><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" data-alt="Edit this at Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guides.loc.gov/illinois-state-guide">Illinois: State Resource Guide, from the Library of Congress</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220810001229/https://guides.loc.gov/illinois-state-guide">Archived</a> August 10, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/122586">Illinois</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enjoyillinois.com">Illinois Office of Tourism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210713051608/https://www.enjoyillinois.com/">Archived</a> July 13, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/state/?sid=IL">Illinois - State Energy Profile Overview</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210628165412/https://www.eia.gov/state/?sid=IL">Archived</a> June 28, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.ers.usda.gov/reports.aspx?StateFIPS=17&StateName=Illinois&ID=17854">State Fact Sheets: Illinois</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210712002854/https://data.ers.usda.gov/reports.aspx?StateFIPS=17&StateName=Illinois&ID=17854">Archived</a> July 12, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> USDA's Economic Research Service</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usgs.gov/states/illinois?qt-states_l2_landing_page_tabs=0#qt-states_l2_landing_page_tabs">USGS Central Midwest Water Science Center</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210712004406/https://www.usgs.gov/states/illinois?qt-states_l2_landing_page_tabs=0#qt-states_l2_landing_page_tabs">Archived</a> July 12, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union</a> Admitted on December 3, 1818 (21st) </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Illinois&params=40_N_89_W_dim:300000_region:US-IL_type:adm1st&title=State+of+Illinois">40°N 89°W / 40°N 89°W / 40; -89 (State of Illinois)</a>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Illinois&oldid=1259239148">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Illinois&oldid=1259239148</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Illinois&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 24 November 2024, at 03:26 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%88%8A%E1%8A%96%E1%8B%AD" title="ኢሊኖይ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኢሊኖይ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A" title="إلينوي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إلينوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%A0%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%98%DC%9D" title="ܐܠܝܢܘܝ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܠܝܢܘܝ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilinou%C3%A8s" title="Ilinouès – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ilinouès" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_suyu" title="Illinois suyu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Illinois suyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0llinoys" title="İllinoys – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İllinoys" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C" title="ایلینوی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایلینوی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="ইলিনয় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইলিনয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Иллинойс – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Иллинойс" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Ілінойс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ілінойс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Іліной – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Іліной" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87" title="इलिनोइ – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इलिनोइ" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Илинойс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Илинойс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Иллинойс – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Иллинойс" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Иллинойс (штат) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Иллинойс (штат)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A" title="إيلينوي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إيلينوي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3ntsxaad%C4%99%CC%81%C4%99%CC%81%CA%BC_N%C3%ADl%C4%AF%CC%81_Hahoodzo" title="Tóntsxaadę́ę́ʼ Nílį́ Hahoodzo – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tóntsxaadę́ę́ʼ Nílį́ Hahoodzo" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%B9" title="Ιλινόι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιλινόι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illin%C3%B2is" title="Illinòis – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Illinòis" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilinojso" title="Ilinojso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ilinojso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C" title="ایلینوی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایلینوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0llinois" title="İllinois – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="İllinois" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BE" title="𐌹𐌻𐌻𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌾 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌹𐌻𐌻𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌾" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%EB%85%B8%EC%9D%B4%EC%A3%BC" title="일리노이주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="일리노이주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBIlinoe" title="ʻIlinoe – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻIlinoe" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%BD" title="Իլինոյս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իլինոյս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AF" title="इलिनॉय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इलिनॉय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilinoi" title="Ilinoi – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ilinoi" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B8" title="ইলিনয়স – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ইলিনয়স" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%84%E1%93%9A%E1%93%84%E1%90%83%E1%94%85" title="ᐄᓚᓄᐃᔅ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐄᓚᓄᐃᔅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilinui" title="Ilinui – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Ilinui" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Иллинойс – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Иллинойс" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Ilinoyi" title="I-Ilinoyi – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-Ilinoyi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%99" title="אילינוי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אילינוי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilnuwaa" title="Ilnuwaa – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ilnuwaa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ილინოისი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ილინოისი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Иллинойс – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Иллинойс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilinwa" title="Ilinwa – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ilinwa" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Иллинойс – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Иллинойс" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Иллинойс (штат) – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Иллинойс (штат)" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinoesia" title="Illinoesia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Illinoesia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilinoisa" title="Ilinoisa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ilinoisa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilinojus" title="Ilinojus – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ilinojus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87" title="इलिनोइ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="इलिनोइ" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Илиноис – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Илиноис" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF" title="ഇല്ലിനോയി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇല്ലിനോയി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irinoi" title="Irinoi – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Irinoi" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AF" title="इलिनॉय – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इलिनॉय" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ილინოისი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ილინოისი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%89" title="ايلينوى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايلينوى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C" title="ایلینوی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ایلینوی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%9C%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A2%EA%AF%81" title="ꯏꯜꯂꯤꯅꯣꯢꯁ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯜꯂꯤꯅꯣꯢꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Иллиной – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Иллиной" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="အီလီနွိုင်းပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အီလီနွိုင်းပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_(staat)" title="Illinois (staat) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Illinois (staat)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%88" title="इलिनोई – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इलिनोई" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87" title="इलिनोइ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इलिनोइ" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AA%E3%83%8E%E3%82%A4%E5%B7%9E" title="イリノイ州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イリノイ州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Иллинойс – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Иллинойс" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Иллинойс – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Иллинойс" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinoys" title="Illinoys – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Illinoys" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%8F" title="ਇਲੀਨਾਏ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਲੀਨਾਏ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87" title="इलिनोइ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="इलिनोइ" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="الینوئی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="الینوئی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0llinoys" title="İllinoys – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İllinoys" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_suyu" title="Illinois suyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Illinois suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Ілінойс – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ілінойс" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Иллинойс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иллинойс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Иллинойс – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Иллинойс" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D" title="इलेनॉइस् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="इलेनॉइस्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92" title="ඉලනෝයි – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉලනෝයි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="الينوائي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="الينوائي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%86%DB%8C" title="ئیلینۆی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیلینۆی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Илиноис – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Илиноис" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="இலினொய் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலினொய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Иллинойс (штат) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Иллинойс (штат)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇల్లినాయిస్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇల్లినాయిస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2" title="รัฐอิลลินอย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐอิลลินอย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Иллинойс – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Иллинойс" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Іллінойс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іллінойс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DB%92" title="الینوے – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="الینوے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D9%84%D9%84%D9%89%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%89%D8%B2_%D8%B4%D9%89%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%89" title="ئىللىنويىز شىتاتى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىللىنويىز شىتاتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilinw%C3%A8s" title="Ilinwès – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ilinwès" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E8%AB%BE%E5%B7%9E" title="伊利諾州 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="伊利諾州" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%BA%E4%BC%8A%E5%B7%9E" title="伊利诺伊州 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伊利诺伊州" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%99" title="אילינוי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אילינוי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E8%AB%BE%E5%B7%9E" title="伊利諾州 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伊利諾州" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilinuojos" title="Ilinuojos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ilinuojos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%BA%E4%BC%8A%E5%B7%9E" title="伊利诺伊州 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊利诺伊州" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilinoi" title="Ilinoi – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Ilinoi" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Illinois" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinojs" title="Illinojs – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Illinojs" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-xwhlh","wgBackendResponseTime":329,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"4.280","walltime":"4.970","ppvisitednodes":{"value":33021,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":962908,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":144797,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":96,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":877706,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3999.758 1 -total"," 37.84% 1513.483 2 Template:Reflist"," 19.25% 770.133 140 Template:Cite_web"," 7.79% 311.586 1 Template:Infobox_U.S._state"," 7.66% 306.348 2 Template:Infobox"," 7.64% 305.626 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 5.01% 200.235 36 Template:Cite_book"," 4.64% 185.755 1 Template:Navboxes"," 4.38% 175.355 3 Template:Sfn"," 3.67% 146.944 10 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[\"Break\"] = 8,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 36,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 16,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 19,\n [\"Cite ngs\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 140,\n [\"Col-2\"] = 1,\n [\"Col-begin\"] = 1,\n [\"Col-end\"] = 1,\n [\"Collapsible list\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 3,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Current Illinois statewide political officials\"] = 1,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 33,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 3,\n [\"Efn\"] = 3,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"Google books\"] = 3,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 1,\n [\"ILCS\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"Illinois\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox U.S. state\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox region symbols\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 10,\n [\"Largest cities\"] = 1,\n [\"Legend\"] = 6,\n [\"Location map+\"] = 1,\n [\"Location map~\"] = 28,\n [\"Main\"] = 19,\n [\"Main list\"] = 4,\n [\"Midwestern United States\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"New France\"] = 1,\n [\"Nobold\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n 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